TWI435727B - 調節細胞激素分泌之用途 - Google Patents
調節細胞激素分泌之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI435727B TWI435727B TW98145264A TW98145264A TWI435727B TW I435727 B TWI435727 B TW I435727B TW 98145264 A TW98145264 A TW 98145264A TW 98145264 A TW98145264 A TW 98145264A TW I435727 B TWI435727 B TW I435727B
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Description
本發明係關於治療關節炎及調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥組成物,特別是關於以山竹萃取物為活性成分之治療關節炎及調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥組成物。
由於醫療技術的進步及普及,全球人口結構趨向於高齡化,衍生出老年慢性疾病相關的公眾健康議題。關節炎向來為高齡化社會高成本支出的慢性疾病,可源自於老化、肥胖或免疫疾病等因素。傳統治療使用類固醇藥物(corticosteroids)降低發炎症狀及抑制免疫系統,或使用非類固醇藥物(NSAIDS),例如COX-1抑制劑、COX-2抑制劑、希樂葆(celebrex)、或布洛芬(ibuprofen),減少疼痛及發炎,但皆會造成嚴重程度不一的副作用。新一代治療關節炎的藥物,例如疾病調節抗風濕藥物(DMARDs),如胺基甲基葉酸(methotrexate),可減緩或停止免疫系統攻擊關節,或者生物製劑(biologics),如恩博(etanercept)、因福利美(infliximab)等,可阻斷涉及發炎過程的免疫系統中特定分子路徑,進而緩慢病程進展。但是,使用這些藥物仍必須特別注意伴隨而來的副作用。
對於關節炎的治療也逐漸轉向自然療法(natural remedy),中草藥治療是重要的一環。相關研究顯示雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii
Hook F)(美國專利5,580,562)及柴胡(Bupleurum
)(台灣專利申請案TW 97151783)具有治療關節
炎的功效。然而,開發治療效果佳且副作用少的新穎藥物仍有需要。
山竹(Garcinia mangostana
L.)為特產於東南亞的植物,當地的傳統醫學將山竹果皮應用於治療皮膚感染及傷口處理已行之有年。Matsumoto等人由山竹果皮中純化出α-山竹素(mangostin)、β-山竹素、γ-山竹素、及甲基-β-山竹素,並研究該化合物對細胞周期各階段的抑制作用,顯示該化合物具有抗細胞增殖效果及抗腫瘤效應(Matsumoto K.,et al.,Xanthones induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells,Bioorg.Med.Chem
.2005,13,6064-6069.)。
山竹亦被研究於乳癌(Moongkarndi P.,et al,Antiproliferation,antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana(mangosteen)on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line,J.Ethnopharmacol
.2004,90(1):161-6)、抗過敏藥物(Nakatani K.,et al.,Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen,a Thai medicinal plant,Bio Pharm Bull
,2002(9):1137-41.)、及肌肉相關疾病(WO 2007/128465)等領域,亦開發作為日常生活的營養補充劑(WO 2006/060578)及化妝品(WO 2007/002666)等。
在一發明態樣中,本發明提供一種治療關節炎之醫藥
組成物,包括山竹(Garcinia mangostana
L.)萃取物為活性成分。
在另一發明態樣中,本發明提供一種治療關節炎之醫藥組成物,包括下式(I)化合物或其鹽或酯為活性成分,
其中,R1
與R2
可相同或相異,分別為H或C1
-C6
烷基。
本發明更提供一種山竹萃取物之用途,用於製造治療關節炎之醫藥,以及一種式(I)化合物之用途,用於製造治療關節炎之醫藥。
在一發明態樣中,本發明提供一種調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥組成物,包括山竹(Garcinia mangostana
L.)萃取物為活性成分。
在另一發明態樣中,本發明提供一種調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥組成物,包括式(I)化合物或其鹽或酯為活性成分,
本發明更提供一種山竹萃取物之用途,用於製造調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥,以及一種式(I)化合物之用途,用於製造調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥。
本發明之具體實施詳細說明如下,然而以下的實施例僅用於進一步揭露本發明之技術內容,不應藉以限制本案的發明範疇。
本發明之山竹萃取物係萃取自山竹植物體,較佳選用山竹果皮的部分。在本發明之一實施例中,選用山竹果皮乾燥物,經有機溶液萃取。前述有機溶液沒有特別限制,可以是C1
-C12
醇類,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十一醇或十二醇等;或者芳香烴類,例如苯、甲苯或二甲苯。本發明之一實施例中使用乙醇水溶液萃取。乙醇水溶液的濃度可為10~90%,較佳可為20~80%,更佳可為50~75%。在本發明之一實施例中,使用加熱的乙醇水溶液萃取,加熱溫度為約80~85℃。在另一實施例中,在有機溶液溶液萃取之前,山竹乾燥物可先經由等重量的熱水處理,熱水的溫度約90℃以上,較佳介於95℃~100℃的範圍。在有機溶液萃取之前進行熱水處理,可事先除去山竹中具有顏色、黏性、吸濕等的雜質。上述萃取液經過乾燥之後,可獲得粗結晶,其中含有多種山竹素。上述之萃取方法,可進行一回,獲得粗萃取物或粗結晶,或重複數回,獲得較精純的山竹萃取物或結晶物。
將上述萃取方法所得的山竹萃取物經矽膠管柱層析法(silicon chromatography)之後,以高速液相層析法(HPLC)分析,可獲得如下所示之式(I)化合物
其中,R1
與R2
可相同或相異,分別為H或C1
-C6
烷基。
上述式(I)化合物中,當R1
為甲基、R2
為氫時,其為α-山竹素(mangostin);當R1
、R2
皆為甲基時,其為β-山竹素(mangostin);及當R1
、R2
皆為氫時,其為γ-山竹素(mangostin)。
上述式(I)化合物可為鹽類或酯類,沒有特別限定,只要不影響式(I)化合物的治療關節炎及調節細胞激素分泌的功效者,皆可使用,例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽、鎂鹽、鈣鹽、銨鹽、碳酸鹽、硝酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、鹽酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、或矽酸鹽等之鹽類;或者例如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、丁酯、戊酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、甲酸丁酯、乙酸丁酯、戊酸丁酯、丙酸丁酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯等之酯類。
本發明之醫藥組成物,除了式(I)化合物為活性成分外,可包括醫藥上可接受之賦形劑或其他添加劑,根據投藥方式及依該技術領域之慣例調配。投藥路徑可包括口服、經皮膚投藥、腹腔內投藥、靜脈內投藥、經鼻投藥、或眼部投藥等,較佳為口服。投藥劑量可根據患者年齡、體重、健康狀況、疾病種類、疾病的進展、患部等因素,由相關醫療人員依該技術領域中共通知識決定。本發明之醫藥組成物亦可單獨投藥或與其他藥劑共同投藥,投藥療程可依據藥學上例行方法實施。
本發明所述之關節炎表示關節發炎的病症,然而發炎的症狀也可能發生在肌腱、韌帶、硬骨、軟骨、或肌肉組織。此述的關節炎可能來自於外在環境的引發,例如病毒或細菌感染造成的感染性關節炎(infectious arthritis),也可能因為免疫系統異常或基因變異所引起,例如風濕性關節炎、兒童期特異性關節炎(juvenile idiopathic arthritis)、紅斑性狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus)等。此述之關節炎尚包括退化性關節炎(osteoarthritis)、纖維肌痛症(fibromyalgia)、硬皮症(scleroderma)、脊椎關節炎(spondyloarthropathies)、痛風(gout)、風濕性多發性肌痛症(polymyalgia rheumatica)、多發性肌痛症(polymyositis)、乾癬性關節炎(psoriatic arthritis)、滑液囊炎(bursitis)、或肌腱炎(tendonitis)等。然而,本發明之關節炎不限於此述之疾病,任何病因造成的關節或相關組織的發炎皆包含於本發明所述之關節炎。
造成關節炎的因素,多篇研究顯示與細胞激素有關,例如腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor α,簡稱TNF-α)及介白素(interleukins,簡稱IL),例如IL-1、IL-4、IL-6等有關(Tracey D,et al.,Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action:a comprehensive review,Pharmacology & Therapeutics 117(2008)244-279.)。Tracey回顧多篇關節炎的研究指出核因子κ-B配體的受體活化物(receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand;RANKL)造成破骨的效應由TNF、IL-1、IL-6、IL-17及其他細胞激素所促進,並由干擾素IFNγ及介白素IL-4所抑制,在風濕性關節炎中RANKL對其受體的比例增加被認為是因為增加的破骨活性所造成(Tracey D,et al.,Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action:a comprehensive review,Pharmacology & Therapeutics 117(2008)244-279.)。因此,對於治療關節炎的候選藥物,可經由檢測該候選藥物是否造成生物體內細胞激素TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6的含量或分泌量降低,藉以評估其治療關節炎的效果。
另有多篇研究建立關節炎的動物模式,例如Thorbecke等人使用膠原蛋白誘導的關節炎(collagen-induced arthritis;CIA)動物模式,顯示抑制TNF可明顯減緩關節炎的進展(Thorbecke G. J.,et al.,Involvement of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta during induction of collagen type II arthritis in mice.Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 89,(1992)7375-7379.);或Mazzon等人使用鹿角膠誘導的掌腫脹(carrageennan-induced paw edema)模式,有效地評估在發炎過程中TNF-α扮演的角色(Mazzon E.,et al.,Effect of tumour necrosis factor-αreceptor 1 genetic deletion on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation:a comparison with etanercept,British Society for Immunology,Clinical and Experimental Immunology,
153(2008):136-149.)。此述文獻全文參照併入本申請案之內容。
本發明人根據先前文獻建立之關節炎動物模式及關節炎細胞株,進行下列實施例,評估本發明之山竹萃取物及分離自該山竹萃取物的式(I)化合物或其鹽或酯作為治療關節炎之活性成分的潛力。在下列的細胞試驗及關節炎動物模式中,本發明之山竹萃取物及由該萃取物中分離的式(I)化合物或其鹽或酯明顯使細胞激素TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6的含量減少及減緩動物模式的關節炎症狀,呈現良好的治療關節炎效果,特別是α-山竹素、β-山竹素及γ-山竹素。而且由於山竹萃取物為農產廢棄物所提煉之產品,具有價廉、安全、可以口服的優點,在醫療應用上具有優勢。
[實施例1]山竹萃取物之製造方法
(a)山竹萃取物:
山竹果皮乾燥物60公斤加入水600公升,加熱到90℃以上,並攪拌一小時洗淨,在加熱洗淨工程中除去顏色、黏性、吸濕等雜質。洗淨之果皮過濾後之殘渣,加入600公升之50%乙醇溶液,加熱至80~85℃攪拌一小時後過濾。濾液在常溫中放置過夜,析出粗結晶。過濾取得粗結晶。分離之粗結晶以10公升之50%乙醇洗淨之,在60℃下真空乾燥後得到粗山竹素結晶粉末2.4公斤。
(b)山竹素之分離:
將結晶粉末2.4公斤加入乙醇24公升,在常溫中攪拌一小時溶解,將此溶解液在常溫下一邊攪拌一邊慢慢滴入36公升之水中,繼續在80~85℃中攪拌一小時之後,繼續攪拌並慢慢冷卻至室溫。繼續在室溫中攪拌過夜使山竹素結晶析出,所得之結晶並以50%乙醇水溶液洗淨,並真空乾燥之,得到山竹素的組合物(含有α-山竹素75~85%,γ-山竹素7~15%)。
[實施例2]活體外(in vitro
)細胞株之製備
U937細胞株
使用來自美國菌種保藏中心(ATCC)的人體骨髓白血球(myeloid leukemia)細胞株U937(Rockville,MD)。將該細胞株培養於37℃、5%CO2
、含10%胎牛血清(FCS)的RPMT 1640培養基中,維持在指數生長(exponential growth)狀態。為了進行分化誘導,將該細胞株以起始濃度為4x105
個細胞/ml,培養於含有50ng/ml PMA(Sigma)的T150培養瓶中24小時。之後移到未含PMA的相同培養基中,再培養48小時。之後以橡膠刮勺(rubber policeman)(Bellco Glass,Vineland,NJ)輕微刮除該培養瓶,收集細胞,用於以下實施例。
EL-4細胞株
使用來自美國菌種保藏中心(ATCC)的小鼠T淋巴瘤(murine T lymphoma)細胞株EL-4(Rockville,MD)。將該細胞株培養於37℃、5%CO2
、含10%胎牛血清(FCS)的RPMT 1640培養基中,使其維持在指數生長(exponential growth)狀態,收集細胞,用於以下實施例。
[實施例3]山竹萃取物對IL-4抑制作用及細胞毒性分析
IL-4抑制作用
在96孔盤中,植入1x104
個EL-4細胞,先與濃度分別為1.25μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5μg/ml及10μg/ml的實施例1所得的山竹萃取物30μl於37℃下反應2小時,再在每孔加入20μl的PMA(1.5ng/well)及卡西黴素(Calcimycin)(A23187,Sigma)(15ng/well),在37℃、5%CO2
條件下培養細胞18小時。隔天,收集細胞培養液,利用ELISA(IL-4 duoset,R&D,Minneapolis,MN)檢測其IL-4含量。結果如表1及第1圖所示,以單獨含有PMA(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,Sigma)及卡西黴素(Calcimycin)溶液的控制組為基礎,以百分比顯示IL-4分泌量的比率。
細胞毒性分析
將上述實施例IL-4抑制作用試驗取出培養液後餘下之細胞,在37℃將1mg/ml的MTT(3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltrazolium,Sigma)加入作用1小時,獲得的結晶物,加入100μl的DMSO,使該結晶物溶解。以ELISA Reader(Tecan Spectrafluor plus,Swizerland)測量該溶解結晶物的吸光度(OD560
)。結果如表1及第1圖所示,以單獨含有PMA及卡西黴素(Calcimycin)溶液的控制組為基礎,以百分比顯示細胞存活率。
[實施例4]山竹萃取物對TNF-α抑制作用及細胞毒性分析
TNF-α抑制作用
在一96孔盤中,每一孔中平均分裝如實施例2分化的U937細胞1.6x105
個。另外根據下表2所示的配方,取實施例1所獲得之山竹萃取物與上述細胞混合,於37℃、5%CO2
下培養30分鐘,之後在各培養基中分別加入200ng/ml的脂多醣體溶液(lipopolysaccharide;LPS)(於磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水(PBS)中),再培養4小時。該培養基經分析套組(R&D system,Minneapolis,MN)收集,進行TNF-的分析。結果以GraFit分析計算,如表2及第2圖所示。表2的數值係來自以單獨含有LPS溶液(0.1μg/ml)的控制組為基礎,百分比顯示各濃度的TNF-α抑制作用。獲得IC50
為4.8μg/ml。
細胞毒性分析
同實施例3之步驟,但根據表2配方進行,結果如表2及第2圖所示。同樣地,表2的數值係來自以單獨含有LPS溶液(0.1μg/ml)的控制組為基礎,百分比顯示各濃度的細胞存活率。
[實施例5]α,β,γ-山竹素(mangostin)的TNF-α抑制作用及細胞毒性
選用實施例2所得經分化的U973細胞株,如實施例4之方法,分別測試濃度為3.1、6.3、12.5、25.0μg/ml的α-山竹素及β-山竹素、及濃度為7.5、15.0、30.0、60.0μg/ml的γ-山竹素之TNF-α抑制作用。結果如第3a-3c圖所示,α,β,γ-山竹素對TNF-α抑制作用的IC50
分別為5.5μg/ml、8.3μg/ml、4.8μg/ml。
[實施例6]山竹萃取物及α-山竹素對LPS誘導的小鼠血漿中TNF-α及IL-6抑制作用
採用獲得自台灣國家實驗室動物中心(National Laboratory Animal Center,Taiwan)的BALA/c小鼠。將該小鼠飼養於室溫23±2℃、12小時開燈、12小時關燈、及40-70%空氣溼度下。該實驗動物可自由餵食固體食物及自來水。所有實驗動物守則及其飼養係根據工業技術研究院的實驗動物管理小組委員(IACUC,ITRI)及台灣農業局(Council of Agriculture,Taiwan)的規定。
上述雄BALA/c小鼠以6隻一群,分別腹腔投予實施例1的300mg/kg山竹萃取物及100mg/kg的α-山竹素30分鐘。之後,每一隻小鼠皆再腹腔注射1mg/kg LPS及Cremophore EL(BASF)(以下簡稱CrEL)(5%乙醇在30% CrEL中)。在LPS注射後1.5小時,收集小鼠血液於含有肝素的小管(heparinated eppendrof)中。分別測量該小鼠血漿中TNF-α及IL-6的分泌量(mouse TNF-αduoset及IL-4 duoset,R&D,Minneapolis,MN),結果如第4a-4b圖所示。
[實施例7]山竹萃取物在鹿角膠(carrageenan)誘導的大鼠後掌腫脹(paw edema)之動物模式
採用Long-Evan大鼠,來自台灣國家實驗室動物中心(National Laboratory Animal Center,Taiwan)。將上述動物飼養於室溫23±2℃、12小時開燈、12小時關燈、及40-70%空氣溼度下。該實驗動物可自由餵食固體食物及自來水。所有實驗動物守則及其飼養係根據工業技術研究院的實驗動物管理小組委員訓練(IACUC,ITRI)及台灣農業局(Council of Agriculture,Taiwan)的規定。
上述飼養的Long-Evan大鼠5隻一群,在實驗前18-20小時禁食,但可自由喝水。首先,測試組口服實施例1之山竹萃取物40mg/kg;控制組投予1% CMC(Carboxymethyl Cellulose)載劑;對照組投予50mg/kg。經1小時後,所有大鼠的左後腳掌注射鹿角(carrageenan)-生理食鹽水溶液。注射鹿角膠(carrageenan)的5個小時內,每小時犧牲1隻大鼠,以體積變化掃描器(plethysmometer)(PV-01,DR instrument,Taiwan)測量該鼠後腳掌的腫脹體積。
對鹿角膠(carrageenan)發炎反應的抑制率根據下式計算:
抑制率(%)=(Nt-Nv)/Nv x 100
Nt:測試群的後腳掌狀腫脹體積的淨變化;
Nv:載劑控制群的後腳掌體積的淨變化。
結果如第5圖所示,在注射鹿角膠(carrageenan)的3、4、5個小時後,投予40mg/kg山竹萃取物群的抑制率分別達到24%、29%、29%。負百分比顯示測試群的抑制效果。結果數據以平均值±S.E.表示,P<0.05。
[實施例8]山竹萃取物在膠原蛋白(Collagen)誘導的關節炎動物模式
採用Lewis大鼠,獲得自台灣國家實驗室動物中心(National Laboratory Animal Center,Taiwan)。將上述動物飼養於室溫23±2℃、12小時開燈、12小時關燈、及40-70%空氣溼度下。該實驗動物可自由餵食固體食物及自來水。所有實驗動物守則及其飼養係根據工業技術研究院的實驗動物管理小組委員訓練(IACUC,ITRI)及台灣農業局(Council of Agriculture,Taiwan)的規定。
對上述Lewis大鼠的尾巴根部皮下注射50μg的胎牛型II膠原蛋白(Collagen)(CII,Chronderx)乳化於完全弗氏輔劑(CFA,Sigma)中。同一天內,標記該大鼠的踝關節,作為腳掌體積測量的基礎。在上述的初級免疫後7天,全體大鼠再注射100μg的CII於不完全弗氏輔劑(IFA,Sigma)。將上述大鼠分為3群,於上述關節炎誘導日開始,每日分別口服投予100mg/kg的山竹萃取物、30mg/kg的、及1%CMC(Carboxymethyl Cellulose)溶液(載劑),直到實驗結束。在上述再注射CII之後,每日調查大鼠的關節炎發病,特徵為腳掌出現紅斑及/或腫脹。每週3次測量關節炎的發生率及嚴重性,以關節炎分級系統評估。整個實驗中每週兩次測量腳掌體積及體重。根據關節周圍組織的腫脹及紅斑程度,每一腳掌臨床上關節炎特徵可評分為0-4分數(score):0表示腳掌未腫脹及未出現紅斑;1表示腳掌出現輕微紅斑,或腳趾、手指、踝關節或腕關節的1個關節腫脹;2表示腳掌出現紅斑,及腳趾或手指上有2個以上關節腫脹,或踝關節或腕關節出現中度紅斑及腫脹;3表示腳掌加重腫脹,限制踝關節的使用,腳不能踏;4表示腳掌過度腫脹,踝關節僵硬。
16為每一動物的組合性關節炎分數中的最大分數(參考Rosloniec,EF,Cremer,M,Kang,A and Myers,LK. Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Current protocols in Immunology(1996)15.5.1-15.5.24.)。
上述的腳掌體積以體積變化掃描器(plethysmometer),以每一隻大鼠的平均體積表示。測量體重在0.1g的精密平衡儀(METTLLER TOLDEO,PB1501)。
結果如第6圖所示。數據以平均值±SEM表示,以Student’s t-test分析不同群間的差異,與載劑處理群相比。P<0.05認為具有統計上顯著性。
由第6圖的結果顯示,首先出現肉眼可見的關節炎特徵在免疫後第9天,載劑處理群則在第19天達到最大關節炎分數及腳掌腫脹,之後逐漸消退。山竹萃取物的處理群的發病日晚載劑處理組1天。載劑處理群的全體發病率在第12天,山竹萃取物的處理群在第14天僅達到67%直到實驗結束。Celebrex處理群由第14天的發病率為86%,直到實驗結束。
由實驗結果得知,山竹萃取物的處理群降低膠原蛋白誘導的關節炎模式的發病率。載劑處理群的關節炎嚴重性平均分數為6.88,山竹萃取物的處理群則降低為3.50,Celebrex處理群為3.0。腳掌體積的變化顯示與分數評分的趨勢相近。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟悉此項技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可做些許更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
第1圖顯示山竹萃取物的活體外(in vitro
)抑制IL-4分泌的效應及細胞毒性。
第2圖顯示山竹萃取物的活體外(in vitro)
抑制TNF-α分泌的效應及細胞毒性。
第3a圖顯示α-山竹素(α-mangostin)活體外(in vitro
)抑制TNF-α分泌的效應及細胞毒性;
第3b圖顯示顯示β-山竹素(β-mangostin)活體外(in vitro
)抑制TNF-α分泌的效應及細胞毒性山竹素;及
第3c圖顯示 -山竹素( -mangostin)活體外(in vitro
)抑制TNF-α分泌的效應及細胞毒性。
第4a圖顯示山竹萃取物及α-山竹素在脂多醣體(LPS)誘導的小鼠血漿中抑制TNF-α的效應;及
第4b圖顯示山竹萃取物及α-山竹素在脂多醣體(LPS)誘導的小鼠血漿中抑制IL-6分泌的效應。
第5圖顯示在鹿角膠(carrageenen)誘導的大鼠掌腫脹(paw edema)模式中,山竹萃取物對掌腫脹的抑制作用。
第6圖顯示在膠原蛋白(collegan)誘導的關節炎動物模式中,山竹萃取物對關節炎患部的抑制作用。
Claims (2)
- 一種下式(I)化合物之用途,用於製造調節細胞激素分泌之醫藥,
[式中,R1 與R2 皆為甲基]其中,該細胞激素包括介白素(interleukins)或腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中式(I)化合物分離自山竹(Garcinia mangostana L.)。
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