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TWI411091B - 發光二極體封裝結構 - Google Patents

發光二極體封裝結構 Download PDF

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TWI411091B
TWI411091B TW97139170A TW97139170A TWI411091B TW I411091 B TWI411091 B TW I411091B TW 97139170 A TW97139170 A TW 97139170A TW 97139170 A TW97139170 A TW 97139170A TW I411091 B TWI411091 B TW I411091B
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emitting diode
light
phosphor
light emitting
substrate
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TW97139170A
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TW201015697A (en
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林弘毅
黃冠瑞
孔妍庭
田淑芬
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華新麗華股份有限公司
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Priority to TW97139170A priority Critical patent/TWI411091B/zh
Priority to US12/481,549 priority patent/US8129206B2/en
Publication of TW201015697A publication Critical patent/TW201015697A/zh
Priority to US13/313,886 priority patent/US20120080693A1/en
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Publication of TWI411091B publication Critical patent/TWI411091B/zh

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    • H01L2224/23Structure, shape, material or disposition of the high density interconnect connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/24Structure, shape, material or disposition of the high density interconnect connectors after the connecting process of an individual high density interconnect connector
    • H01L2224/241Disposition
    • H01L2224/24151Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
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    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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Description

發光二極體封裝結構
本發明係關於一種發光二極體封裝結構及其製作方法,尤指一種利用半導體基板作為封裝基板(package substrate),且可調整螢光膠體或螢光層之螢光粉分布密度的發光二極體封裝結構,以及其製作方法。
請參考第1圖,其繪示的是習知形成發光二極體晶片封裝結構的點膠(glue dispensing)製程示意圖。如第1圖所示,習知發光二極體晶片封裝結構1包括一利用射出成型製作出的基座(base)2,並將導線架3固定於基座2上而形成一封裝基板4,發光二極體晶片5則固晶於導線架3上。其中,發光二極體晶片5之一電極係直接與位於封裝基板4一側之導線架3電性連接,而另一電極則以打線方式(wire bonding)透過銲線7電性連接至封裝基板4另一側之導線架3。接著進行一道點膠製程,利用一點膠設備8把封裝膠材6封合於封裝基板4上。
然而習知形成發光二極體晶片封裝結構的方法可能會具有膠量不均勻、出膠不穩定、封膠表面平坦度控制不易、製程效率低等缺點。尤其是效率方面,由於習知點膠製程通常一次僅能處理一個發光二極體晶片封裝結構,因此習知方法必須耗費大量的時間方能完成為數眾多的發光二極體晶片封裝結構。
本發明之目的之一在於提供一種發光二極體封裝結構及其製作方法,以克服上述習知方法所引起之問題。
為達上述目的,本發明提供一種製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法,其包含有:提供一基板與複數個發光二極體晶片,並使該等發光二極體晶片分別固晶於該基板上;於該基板與該等發光二極體晶片上形成一螢光層;以及圖案化該螢光層,使該螢光層成為複數個螢光膠體,該等螢光膠體設置於該等發光二極體晶片上方,使各該螢光膠體具有複數個光線穿孔,且各該光線穿孔垂直貫穿各該螢光膠體。
為達上述目的,本發明另提供一種發光二極體封裝結構,其包含有:一基板;至少一發光二極體晶片,固定於該基板上;以及至少一螢光膠體,設置於該基板與該等發光二極體晶片上,該螢光膠體具有複數個光線穿孔,且各該光線穿孔垂直貫穿各該螢光膠體。
於本發明之發光二極體封裝結構可使用感光材料形成螢光膠體,因此可利用半導體製程進行螢光膠體的批次製造與圖案化步驟。又由於本發明之螢光膠體具有複數個光線穿孔,因此可有效地調整螢光膠體或螢光層之螢光粉分布密度,以提升發光二極體封裝結構的光學效果。
為使熟習本發明所屬技術領域之一般技藝者能更進一步了解本發明,下文特列舉本發明之數個較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,詳細說明本發明的構成內容及所欲達成之功效。
請參考第2圖至第6圖。第2圖至第6圖為本發明製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法一較佳實施例之示意圖,其中第2a圖至第6a圖為頂視示意圖,第2b圖至第6b圖為剖面示意圖,而第5c圖為整個基板30的頂視示意圖。如第2a圖與第2b圖所示,首先提供一基板30與複數個發光二極體晶片40。其中,基板30定義有複數個單元(unit)U,分別用以設置各發光二極體晶片40。基板30可為一半導體基板,例如較佳為矽基板、砷化鎵基板或其它具有優良導熱性、適合批次生產並相容於半導體製程之基板。於基板30之上表面可具有複數個凹陷之固晶區32。固晶區32之深度較佳可與後續固定於其內之發光二極體晶片的高度接近,且其深度係介於數微米至數十微米之間,例如較佳為介於10至50微米之間,但不以此為限。由於固晶區32的深度與發光二極體晶片40的高 度接近,因此於固晶後基板30與發光二極體晶片40的上表面可約略位於同一平面。
本發明可採取任何適當之電性連接方式以利於發光二極體晶片對外進行電性連接,然而由於可採用之電連接方式眾多,因此其詳細連接方式並未明確繪示於圖中。例如可利用打線方式透過銲線連接至基板30上的導線(圖未示)、利用覆晶方式透過銲接凸塊連接至基板30上的導線(圖未示)、使用導電膠材、共晶接合(eutectic bonding)或其它方式達成,而基板30之導線38經由可基板30之貫穿孔36連接至基板30之下表面,但不限於此。此外,本發明之發光二極體晶片40可以採用各種類型的發光二極體晶片,例如選用垂直型晶片或是水平型晶片。
如第3a圖與第3b圖所示,接著可選擇性地於基板30與發光二極體晶片40上形成一透光之平坦結構50。平坦結構50具有介電特性並填入發光二極體晶片40之外側與固晶區32之間的空隙,使得基板30與發光二極體晶片40之上表面形成一完整的平坦面,如此一來有助於後續膜層的製作。平坦結構50中可另包含複數個接觸洞52,以供各發光二極體晶片40之可經由接觸洞52向外電連接,但不限於此。
如第4a圖與第4b圖所示,其後,另可選擇性地於平坦結構50上形成導線54,並將導線54填入接觸洞52,藉此進行電性連 接。接著可利用一旋轉塗佈製程於基板30、發光二極體晶片40與平坦結構50上形成一螢光層64,螢光層50包含有一感光膠材46與螢光粉48混合於感光膠材46中,例如包含有摻入螢光粉48的感光材料。需注意的是,螢光粉48實際上是相當微小的微粒,為了清楚顯現出螢光層50的分布位置,因此螢光粉48並未顯示於頂視圖中。其中,感光膠材46可以包含感光樹酯(photosensitive resin)等照光後會形成鏈結或照光後會裂解的材質,且較佳是具有良好透光性,而螢光粉可以包含乙鋁石榴石螢光粉(yttrium aluminum garnet,簡稱YAG)等可轉換光線波長的材質。
如第5a圖與第5b圖所示,之後利用一曝光暨顯影製程圖案化前述螢光層64,使螢光層64成為複數個螢光膠體56,並且可同時使各螢光膠體56具有複數個光線穿孔57。各螢光膠體56係分別對應設置於各發光二極體晶片40上方。各光線穿孔57可均勻分布於各螢光膠體56中,且可垂直貫穿各螢光膠體56,以暴露螢光膠體56下方之平坦結構50或發光二極體晶片40的部分表面。由於光線穿孔57的部分不具螢光粉48,因此光線穿孔57的存在可以降低該區域的螢光粉48數量,藉以改變發光二極體封裝結構所呈現的色溫。其中各螢光膠體56之光線穿孔57所佔的面積可根據各發光二極體晶片40的亮度與產品需求等設計而調整,較佳係佔各螢光膠體56的面積的5%至30%。
螢光膠體56的作用在於使發光二極體晶片40產生的部分光線 轉換成另一顏色之光線,例如本實施例之發光二極體晶片40可為藍光發光二極體晶片,因此螢光膠體56可使用能產生黃光之螢光材質(yellow phosphor),進而藉由藍光與黃光混光而產生白光。或者,利用紫外光發光二極體晶片來激發藍光、綠光及紅光螢光粉。需注意的是,螢光膠體56之材料與形成方式並不以本實施例為限。
需注意的是,各螢光膠體56之光線穿孔57的形狀、尺寸、所佔的總面積、分布的密度與位置,皆可根據螢光粉48的分布密度與產品需求而調整。以藍光發光二極體之封裝結構為例,對於一利用旋轉塗佈製程所形成之螢光層64而言,當螢光膠體56不具光線穿孔57時,位於基板30之中央區域的黃光螢光粉48密度通常會比位於基板30之邊緣區域的黃光螢光粉48密度來得高,因此位於基板30之中央區域的發光二極體封裝結構所呈現的黃光色調可能會比位於基板30之邊緣區域的發光二極體封裝結構所呈現的黃光色調更強,導致同一批生產的發光二極體封裝結構卻發出不同程度的色溫。因此,本發明可以於形成螢光層64之後,量測任一基板30上所呈現出的色溫或亮度,接著比對量測結果與所需呈現的產品規格之間的異同,再利用比對的結果來設計光線穿孔57的佈局,利用光線穿孔57的設置來進行調節。如第5c圖所示,例如使得基板30之中央區域的光線穿孔57開口比例可以較基板30之邊緣區域的光線穿孔57開口比例來得高。或者,當基板30、發光二極體晶片40與/或平坦結構50所構成之表面具有凹陷處時,凹陷處的螢光粉48密度通常會比平坦處或是突起處更高,因 此本發明可於凹陷處設置較高開口比例的光線穿孔57,以做為平衡。
另外,本發明可於平坦結構50上形成複數個封閉環型圖案58,分別環繞各固晶區32。封閉環型圖案58具有一定的高度,例如數微米,其作用在於維持後續形成之膠體的表面張力,使其保持半球體狀進而發揮光學透鏡的作用。在本實施例中,封閉環型圖案58與螢光膠體56可使用相同的感光性材料,並藉由同一道曝光暨顯影製程加以形成藉以簡化製程,但本發明之方法並不以此為限。
如第6a圖與第6b圖所示,接著進行一點膠製程,於各單元U之螢光膠體56上分別形成一膠體62,且膠體62藉由封閉環型圖案58的存在而可維持其表面張力,形成半球體形狀。膠體62在固化後會形成一光學透鏡(lens),最後再利用切割製程即可製作出複數個發光二極體封裝結構。
於前述實施例中,螢光層64係旋轉塗佈於平坦結構50之表面上,由於平坦結構50的平坦特性使得感光膠材46與螢光粉48可以順利地利用旋轉塗佈製程形成均勻的螢光層64。於其他實施例中,本發明亦可不包含平坦結構50,而由其它方式使感光膠材46與螢光粉48可以旋塗於平坦之表面。請參考第7圖與第8圖。第7圖與第8圖為本發明另一較佳實施例製作發光二極體封裝結構 之方法示意圖,其中第7圖為頂視示意圖,第8圖為剖面示意圖。如第7圖與第8圖所示,使發光二極體晶片66安置於固晶區32後,發光二極體晶片66頂面與基板30頂面高度約略相同,再利用旋轉塗佈製程與圖案化製程而形成具有光線穿孔57之螢光膠體56。其中,發光二極體晶片66可採用各種方式形成對外電連接之途徑,且發光二極體封裝結構可另包含其他可增進產品可靠度或光學效益之元件或膜層,然而其詳細電連接狀況、其他元件或膜層在此省略而未繪示於圖中。
由於本發明之發光二極體封裝結構可使用感光材料形成螢光膠體,因此可利用半導體製程進行螢光膠體的批次製造與圖案化步驟,大幅縮短發光二極體封裝結構之製程時間,使得製程效率大增。又由於本發明可利用螢光膠體之圖案化步驟一併形成光線穿孔,因此可精確且簡便地調整螢光膠體之螢光粉分布密度,以提升發光二極體封裝結構的光學效果,得以控制所生產的發光二極體封裝結構可以發出相同或相近色溫,或者也可特別針對同一批次生產的發光二極體封裝結構而調整出不同程度的色溫。
除了可利用旋轉塗佈製程與圖案化製程來批次製造均勻的螢光層之外,本發明亦可利用雷射列印的方式而批次製造出均勻的螢光層。請參考第9圖至第11圖。第9圖至第11圖為本發明又一較佳實施例製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法之示意圖,其中第9a圖至第11a圖為螢光薄膜之頂視示意圖,而第9b圖至第11b圖 為螢光薄膜之剖面示意圖。如9a圖與第9b圖所示,首先提供一基板30與複數個發光二極體晶片40。其中,基板30定義有複數個單元U,分別用以設置各發光二極體晶片40。於基板30之上表面可具有複數個凹陷之固晶區32。固晶區32之深度較佳可與後續固定於其內之發光二極體晶片的高度接近,但不限於此。於基板30與發光二極體晶片40上可選擇性地包含一透光之平坦結構50。平坦結構50具有介電特性並填入發光二極體晶片40之外側與固晶區32之間的空隙,使得基板30與發光二極體晶片40之上表面形成一完整的平坦面。其後,另可選擇性地於平坦結構50上形成導線54,並將導線54填入接觸洞52,藉此進行電性連接。
如10a圖與第10b圖所示,接著利用至少一雷射列印製程形成一螢光薄膜70,其中螢光薄膜70包含有螢光粉72。舉例來說,螢光薄膜70的形成方式可先利用主充電轉軸把靜電投射至感光鼓或感光帶上,再根據所需形成的預定圖案而以靜電吸附螢光粉72,接著把呈現出預定圖案的螢光粉72轉印至一感光乾膜74上,以形成所需之螢光薄膜70。
由於雷射列印的特性,以剖視觀之,單一螢光薄膜70之螢光粉72係單層排列而並未垂直堆疊;以俯視觀之,雷射列印製程的解析度可以達到50微米左右,甚至更小,因此可以控制螢光粉72的分佈排列而形成任何預定之圖案,而不受第10b圖所侷限,進而也可以控制任意區域的螢光粉72密度。舉例來說,螢光粉72 可以平均分布整個螢光薄膜70上,或是僅對應於基板30之固晶區32上。而於其它實施例中,就單一發光二極體封裝結構而言,發光二極體晶片40正上方的發光強度通常會較發光二極體晶片40周圍的發光強度更大,因此螢光薄膜70對應於發光二極體晶片40正上方的螢光粉72密度可以較大,而對應於發光二極體晶片40周圍的螢光粉72密度可以略小。
如11a圖與第11b圖所示,其後利用一熱壓製程把螢光薄膜70之螢光粉72轉印至發光二極體晶片40上而形成一螢光層76。據此,單一螢光層76之螢光粉72也會呈單層排列而並未垂直堆疊,而發光二極體晶片40上任意區域的螢光粉72密度也可獲得精確的控制。
於本發明之其他實施例中,前述雷射列印製程與前述轉印步驟可反覆進行,以於發光二極體晶片40上形成複數層螢光層76。雷射列印製程有助於精確配置相鄰或重疊位置上的微小螢光粉72配置,透過極微細的圖樣和密度排列來組合運用,即可創造出肉眼看起來相當均一的色溫。
綜上所述,由於本發明之發光二極體封裝結構可使用感光材料形成螢光膠體或螢光層,因此可利用半導體製程進行螢光膠體或螢光層的批次製造,有效提升發光二極體封裝結構之製程效率。另外,由於本發明可利用曝光暨顯影製程或雷射列印製程精確且 簡便地調整螢光膠體或螢光層之螢光粉分布密度,因此可以準確地調整發光二極體封裝結構的光學效果。
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例,凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。
1‧‧‧發光二極體晶片封裝結構
2‧‧‧基座
3‧‧‧導線架
4‧‧‧封裝基板
5‧‧‧發光二極體晶片
6‧‧‧封裝膠材
7‧‧‧銲線
8‧‧‧點膠設備
30‧‧‧基板
32‧‧‧固晶區
36‧‧‧貫穿孔
38‧‧‧導線
40‧‧‧發光二極體晶片
46‧‧‧感光膠材
48‧‧‧螢光粉
50‧‧‧平坦結構
52‧‧‧接觸洞
54‧‧‧導線
56‧‧‧螢光膠體
57‧‧‧光線穿孔
58‧‧‧封閉環型圖案
62‧‧‧膠體
64‧‧‧螢光層
66‧‧‧發光二極體晶片
70‧‧‧螢光薄膜
72‧‧‧螢光粉
74‧‧‧感光乾膜
76‧‧‧螢光層
U‧‧‧單元
第1圖繪示的是習知形成發光二極體晶片封裝結構的點膠製程示意圖。
第2圖至第6圖為本發明製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法一較佳實施例之示意圖。
第7圖與第8圖為本發明另一較佳實施例製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法示意圖。
第9圖至第11圖為本發明又一較佳實施例製作發光二極體封裝結構之方法之示意圖。
30‧‧‧基板
36‧‧‧貫穿孔
38‧‧‧導線
40‧‧‧發光二極體晶片
50‧‧‧平坦結構
52‧‧‧接觸洞
54‧‧‧導線
56‧‧‧螢光膠體
57‧‧‧光線穿孔
58‧‧‧封閉環型圖案
U‧‧‧單元

Claims (10)

  1. 一種發光二極體封裝結構,其包含有:一基板,該基板之一上表面包含至少一凹陷之固晶區;至少一發光二極體晶片,固定於該基板上,且該發光二極體晶片係設置於該固晶區內;至少一螢光膠體,設置於該基板與該發光二極體晶片上,該螢光膠體具有複數個光線穿孔,且各該光線穿孔垂直貫穿各該螢光膠體;以及一平坦結構,填入該發光二極體晶片之外側與該固晶區之間的空隙,而覆蓋於該基板與該等發光二極體晶片表面。
  2. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該螢光膠體包含有一感光膠材,與螢光粉混合於該感光膠材中。
  3. 如請求項1所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中各該螢光膠體之該等光線穿孔所佔的面積係為各該螢光膠體的面積的5%至30%。
  4. 如請求項1所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中該螢光膠體係形成於該平坦結構之表面上。
  5. 如請求項1所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中該等光線穿孔係均勻分布於各該螢光膠體中,且部分之該等光線穿孔暴露出該 等發光二極體晶片。
  6. 一種發光二極體封裝結構,其包含有:一基板;至少一發光二極體晶片,固定於該基板上;以及至少一螢光膠體,設置於該基板與該發光二極體晶片上,該螢光膠體具有複數個光線穿孔,且各該光線穿孔垂直貫穿各該螢光膠體,且部分之該等光線穿孔暴露出該等發光二極體晶片;其中,該基板之中央區域的該等光線穿孔之開口比例高於該基板之邊緣區域的該等光線穿孔之開口比例。
  7. 如請求項6所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中該螢光膠體包含有一感光膠材,與螢光粉混合於該感光膠材中。
  8. 如請求項6所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中各該螢光膠體之該等光線穿孔所佔的面積係為各該螢光膠體的面積的5%至30%。
  9. 如請求項6所述之發光二極體封裝結構,其中該基板之一上表面包含至少一凹陷之固晶區,且該發光二極體晶片係設置於該固晶區內。
  10. 如請求項6所述之發光二極體封裝結構,另包含一平坦結構,該平坦結構覆蓋於該基板與該等發光二極體晶片表面,且該螢光膠體係形成於該平坦結構之表面上。
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