TWI409259B - 吡啶酮化合物 - Google Patents
吡啶酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI409259B TWI409259B TW096142253A TW96142253A TWI409259B TW I409259 B TWI409259 B TW I409259B TW 096142253 A TW096142253 A TW 096142253A TW 96142253 A TW96142253 A TW 96142253A TW I409259 B TWI409259 B TW I409259B
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- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004983 pleiotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113116 polyethylene glycol 1000 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008679 protamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003528 protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009256 replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSSLDCABUXLXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorufin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2OC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=C21 HSSLDCABUXLXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000333 selective estrogen receptor modulator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000009076 src-Family Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010087686 src-Family Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037128 systemic glucocorticoids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004885 tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044693 topoisomerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N trabectedin Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C(OC2)=O)NCCC3=C1C=C(C(=C3)O)OC)S[C@@H]1C3=C(OC(C)=O)C(C)=C4OCOC4=C3[C@H]2N2[C@@H](O)[C@H](CC=3C4=C(O)C(OC)=C(C)C=3)N(C)[C@H]4[C@@H]21 PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000977 trabectedin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003558 transferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012250 transgenic expression Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazene Chemical compound NN=N AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005748 tumor development Effects 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005483 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 241000701447 unidentified baculovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002525 vasculotropin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
- C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
肝細胞生長因子(HGF)(亦稱為分散因子(SF))由於其在活體外破壞集落形成之能力,故其係習知在正常及腫瘤細胞中誘導若干多效反應之間充質細胞源性細胞因子(Sonnenberg等人,J.Cell Biol
.123:223-235,1993;Matsumato等人,Crit.Rev.Oncog
.3:27-54,1992;及Stoker等人,Nature 327:239-242,1987)。習知該等反應包括上皮細胞與內皮細胞二者之增殖、上皮細胞集落分離成個別細胞、刺激上皮細胞之運動(細胞運動)、細胞存活、誘導細胞形態發生(Montesano等人,Cell
67:901-908,1991)、及促使入侵(Stella等人,Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol
.12:1357-62,1999及Stuart等人,Int.J.Exp.Path
.81:17-30,2000)這些導致轉移的所有關鍵過程。已經報道HGF促進血管生成(Bussolino等人,J.Cell Biol
.119:629-641,1992)。此外,HGF在組織再生、傷口癒合及正常胚胎發育中過程起關鍵作用,所有該等皆依賴於細胞運動及增殖二者。
HGF藉助高親和力結合至其同源受體Met蛋白質酪胺酸激酶受體(一種經鑑別的原癌基因)來引發該等生理學過程(Park等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA
84:6379-83,1987及Bottaro等人,Science
251:802-4,1991)。Met之成熟形式由高度糖基化外部α-亞單位以及具有大胞外結構域之β-亞單位、跨膜片段及細胞質酪胺酸激酶域構成。配體結合誘導Met二聚產生自磷酸化活化受體。Met之活化促進信號轉導級聯,其由導致募集若干效應蛋白之關鍵細胞質酪胺酸殘基的轉磷酸界定(Furge等人,Oncogene
19:5582-9,2000)。該等包括PI3-激酶之p85亞單位、磷脂酶Cγ(Gaul等人,Oncogene
19:1509-18,2000)、Grb2及Shc銜接蛋白、蛋白質磷酸酶SHP2及Gab1。後一種銜接體係響應配體佔據而變得酪胺酸磷酸化之主要下游對接分子(Schaeper等人,J.Cell Biol
.149:1419-32,2000;Bardelli,等人,Oncogene
18:1139-46,1999及Sachs等人,J.Cell Biol
.150:1375-84,2000)。已經報道HGF刺激細胞中其他信號傳導分子(最顯著地Ras、MAP激酶、STATs、ERK-1、-2及FAK)之活化(Tanimura等人,Oncogene
17:57-65,1998;Lai等人,J.Biol.Chem
.275:7474-802000及Furge等人,Oncogene
19:5582-9,2000)。已經充分確認許多該等信號傳導分子在細胞增殖中之作用。
Met(亦稱為肝細胞生長因子受體(HGFR))主要表現於上皮細胞中,但在內皮細胞、成肌細胞、造血細胞及運動神經元中亦已鑑別出Met。HGF之過表現及Met之活化與許多不同腫瘤類型以及促進轉移性疾病之發作及發展有關。最初將Met與癌症相聯繫的證據已由激酶結構域錯義突變之鑑別支持,該錯義突變使個體易於患乳頭狀腎癌(PRC)及肝細胞癌(HCC)(Lubensky等人,Amer.J.Pathology
,155:517-26,1999)。Met之突變形式亦已在卵巢癌、兒童HCC、胃癌、頭部及頸部鱗狀細胞癌、非小細胞肺癌、結腸直腸轉移中鑑別出(Christensen等人,Cancer Res
.,63:7345-55,2003;Lee等人,Oncogene
,19:4947-53,2000and Direnzo等人,Clin.Cancer Res
.,1:147-54,1995)。此外,支持Met在癌症中起作用的其他證據係基於HGF及Met受體在各種腫瘤(包括甲狀腺、卵巢及胰腺癌)中之過表現。亦已經證實其在結腸直腸癌之肝轉移中擴增(Rong等人Cancer Res
.55:1963-1970,1995;Rong等人,Cancer Res
.53:5355-5360,1993;Kenworthy等人,Br.J.Cancer
66:243-247,1992及Scarpino等人,J.Pathology
189:570-575,1999)。已經闡述TPR-Met(一種類似於CML中BCR/Abl之活化形式)且在人類胃癌中已經鑑別出(PNAS 88:4892-6,1991)。在患有侵襲性乳癌之患者中且在最近研究非小細胞肺癌患者中,受體或配體任一個之表現係存活減少之預測因子,此進一步使Met與腫瘤發展相聯繫(Camp等人,Cancer
86:2259-651999及Masuya等人,Br.J.Cancer
,90:1555-62,2004)。通常,大多數人類腫瘤及間質來源的腫瘤細胞系不適當地表現HGFR及/或HGF。許多實驗數據證實HGF及Met在腫瘤入侵、生長、存活及發展且最終導致轉移中起作用。臨床上,HGF之轉基因表現導致轉移性表型(Takayama等人,PNAS
,94:701-6,1997)且擴增/過表現Met自發地轉化NIH-3T3細胞(Cooper等人,EMBO J
.,5:2623-8,1986)。
靶向HGF或Met之生物藥劑(例如核酶、抗體及反義RNA)已經展示抑制腫瘤發生(Stabile等人,Gene Therapy
,11:325-35,2004,Jiang等人,Clin.Cancer Res
,9:4274-81,2003及Genentech之美國專利第6,214,344號,2001)。因此,預計靶向Met之選擇性小分子激酶調節劑用於治療其中Met受體活化在原發性腫瘤及二次轉移之發生及發展中起關鍵作用的癌症具有治療用途。亦習知HGF調節血管生成(腫瘤生長及散佈中之關鍵過程)。因此,此類調節劑同樣亦可能用於對抗血管生成依賴性疾病,該等疾病主要包括糖尿病性視網膜病、黃斑變性、肥胖症及炎症性疾病(例如風濕性關節炎)。
有若干關於用於治療Met激活的癌症之化合物的專利申請案。舉例而言,參見2005年11月3日公開的美國公開專利第US2005/0245530號,其揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。然而,申請者發現本發明化合物驚人地有利。
本發明係關於以下化合物,
包括其鹽在內。申請者已發現,N-(4-(2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺(化合物1)及其鹽尤其用於治療Met-有關之癌症,此乃因其與一些習知Met激酶抑制劑相比將效能增加且對某些CYP 450同功酶之抑制降低二者結合。
本發明亦係關於醫藥組合物,其包括存於醫藥上可接受之載劑中的治療有效量的上述化合物1或其鹽。
本發明進一步係關於治療需要該治療之患者中癌症的方法,其中該癌症依賴於Met活化,其中該Met活化係由基因擴增、經活化Met突變及/或HGF刺激來調節,該方法包括向該患者投與治療有效量的化合物1及另外投與至少一種額外的抗癌劑。
在本發明一些實施例中,欲治療癌症係選自膀胱癌、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、胃癌、頭部及頸部癌、腎癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺/膽囊癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、骨肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、MFH/纖維肉瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤/星形細胞瘤、黑素瘤、及間皮瘤。
用於描述本發明之各術語的定義列示於下文。當在整個說明書中該等術語單獨或作為較大基團的一部分使用時該等定義適用於該等術語(除非其在特定情況中另有限制)。
詞組"治療有效"意欲限定各藥劑之數量,其將達成超過各藥劑單獨治療的改善病症嚴重程度及發病頻次之目標,同時避免通常伴隨替代治療之不良副作用。舉例而言,有效抗癌劑延長患者的生命力、抑制與腫瘤相關之細胞生長的快速增殖、或實現腫瘤之消退。
除非另有說明,否則本文所用詞組"醫藥上可接受的鹽"或"鹽"包括含有藥理上可接受陰離子的鹽,例如鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、硝酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、酸式磷酸鹽、異煙鹼酸鹽、乙酸鹽、乳酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、酸式檸檬酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、泛酸鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、龍膽酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、糖二酸鹽、甲酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、穀胺酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽、乙烷磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、對-甲苯磺酸鹽及雙羥萘酸鹽[即,1,1'-亞甲基-雙-(2-羥基-3-萘酸鹽)]等鹽。
本文所用詞組"基因擴增"意指選擇性合成DNA片段,此導致Met基因或其中Met編碼之染色體片段的多次拷貝。
本文所用詞組"活化Met突變"係指Met之DNA序列的選擇性改變,此導致Met蛋白質構成上(亦即,永久地)磷酸化。
本文所用詞組"HGF刺激"係指HGF以活化其同源受體(Met)產生表型反應之方式結合該受體的能力。在Met之情況下,此可為細胞增殖、運動、分化及/或存活。
本文所用術語"患者"涵蓋所有哺乳動物物種,其包括人類、牛、馬、狗及貓。
詞組"額外抗癌劑"係指選自以下任一種或一種以上的藥物:烷基化試劑(包括氮芥、烷基磺酸酯、亞硝基脲、氮丙啶衍生物及三氮烯);抗血管生成劑(包括基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑);抗代謝物(包括腺苷脫胺酶抑制劑、葉酸拮抗劑、嘌呤類似物及嘧啶類似物);抗生素或抗體(包括單株抗體、CTLA-4抗體、蒽環抗生素);芳香酶抑制劑;細胞週期反應調節劑;酵素;法呢基蛋白轉移酶抑制劑;激素及抗激素藥劑及類固醇(包括合成類似物、糖皮質激素、雌激素/抗雌激素[例如,SERM]、雄激素/抗雄激素、孕激素、孕甾酮受體激動劑、及黃體生成素釋放[LHRH]激動劑及拮抗劑);胰島素樣生長因子(IGF)/胰島素樣生長因子受體(IGFR)系統調節劑(包括IGFR1抑制劑);整合素-信號傳導抑制劑;激酶抑制劑(包括多激酶抑制劑及/或Src激酶或Src/abl之抑制劑、細胞週期調節蛋白依賴性激酶[CDK]抑制劑、panHer、Her-1及Her-2抗體、VEGF抑制劑、包括抗-VEGF抗體、EGFR抑制劑、絲裂原活化蛋白[MAP]抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、Aurora激酶抑制劑、PDGF抑制劑、及其他酪胺酸激酶抑制劑或絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶抑制劑;微管破壞劑,例如海鞘素(ecteinascidin)或其類似物及衍生物;微管穩定劑,例如紫杉烷、及天然存在的埃坡黴素(epothilone)及其合成及半合成類似物;微管結合、去穩定劑(包括長春花生物鹼);拓撲異構酶抑制劑;異戊二烯基蛋白質轉移酶抑制劑;鉑配位錯合物;信號轉導抑制劑;及其他用作抗癌及細胞毒性劑的藥劑,例如生物反應調節劑、生長因子、及免疫調節劑。
本發明係關於以下化合物1:
或其鹽,其用於治療癌症。已發現,本發明化合物由於效能增加且對某些CYP 450同功酶之抑制降低而優於習知Met激酶抑制劑,故其尤其用於治療癌症。
因此,本發明係關於治療患者中癌症之方法,其中該癌症係依賴於Met活化,其中該Met活化係由基因擴增、經活化Met突變及/或HGF刺激調節,該方法包括向該患者投與治療有效量的化合物1或其鹽。
根據本發明一實施例,提供治療以下癌症之方法:膀胱癌、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、胃癌、頭部及頸部癌、腎癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺/膽囊癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、骨肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、MFH/纖維肉瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤/星形細胞瘤、黑素瘤、及間皮瘤,習知所有該等皆與Met活化有關。
在治療癌症時,化學治療劑及/或其他治療(例如,放射療法)之組合通常有利。該第二(或第三)藥劑可具有與主要治療劑相同或不同的作用機理。使用細胞毒性藥物組合可尤為有用,其中所投與的兩種或以上藥物以不同方式或在細胞週期的不同階段起作用,及/或其中該兩種或以上藥物具有重疊毒性或副作用,及/或其中所組合的藥物在治療患者所表現的具體病狀中各自具有明顯功效。
因此,本發明化合物可與其他抗癌治療組合投與用於治療癌症或其他增殖疾病。本發明本文進一步包括化合物1或其鹽在製備用於治療癌症之藥物中之用途,及/或其包括本文化合物1的包裝連同該化合物結合其他抗癌或細胞毒性劑及治療癌症之治療使用的說明書。本發明進一步包括化合物1與一或多種額外藥劑呈套組形式之組合,例如,當其包裝在一起或放置於單獨包裝中作為套組一起出售時,或當其經包裝以一起調配時。
本發明化合物可與經選擇對於改善與上述病狀有關之副作用尤其有用之其他治療劑一起調配或共同投與。舉例而言,本發明化合物可與防止噁心、超敏反應及胃刺激的藥劑(例如止吐藥、及H1
與H2
抗組胺劑)一起調配。
本發明化合物可含有一或多個額外不對稱碳原子且因此以兩種或以上立體異構形式存在。本發明包括所有該等可能的個別立體異構體、其個別互變異構形式、連同其混合物。
非對映異構體之分離可藉由傳統技術達成,例如藉由本發明化合物或其適宜鹽或衍生物之立體異構體混合物之分段結晶、層析或H.P.L.C.來達成。該化合物之個別立體異構體亦可自相應光學純中間體製得,或藉由拆分製得(例如藉由使用適宜對掌性載體之相應外消旋物之H.P.L.C.),或藉由非對映異構體鹽之分段結晶製得,該等鹽係由相應外消旋物與適宜光學活性酸或鹼(若適宜)反應形成。
亦涵蓋於本發明者係一類醫藥組合物,其包括化合物1或其鹽結合一或多種無毒醫藥上可接受之載劑及/或稀釋劑及/或佐劑(本文中統稱為"載劑"材料)、且若期望其他活性成份。本發明之活性化合物可藉由任何適宜途徑投與,較佳以適於此一途徑之醫藥組合物形式、且以對期望治療有效之劑量投與。本發明化合物及組合物可(例如)經口、經黏膜、經局部、經直腸、經肺(例如藉由吸入噴霧)、或非經腸(包括血管內、靜脈內、腹膜腔內、皮下、肌內、滑膜腔內及輸注技術)以含常用醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑及媒劑之劑量單位調配物投與。舉例而言,該醫藥載劑可包含甘露醇或乳糖與微晶纖維素之混合物。該混合物可包含額外組份,例如潤滑劑(例如硬脂酸鎂)及崩解劑(例如交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮)。該載劑混合物可填充於明膠膠囊中或經壓縮成錠劑。
本發明之醫藥上活性化合物可根據常用製藥方法加工以產生投與給患者(包括人類及其他哺乳動物)之藥劑。
對於口服投與而言,該醫藥組合物可為例如錠劑、膠囊、懸浮液或液體形式。該醫藥組合物較佳製成含有特定量活性成份的劑量單位。該等劑量單位之實例係錠劑或膠囊。舉例而言,該等可包含約1至2000毫克、較佳約1至500毫克、更佳約5至150毫克之量的活性成份。人類或其他哺乳動物之適宜日劑量可端視患者狀況及其他因素而變,但再一次可使用常規方法確定。
所投與化合物之量及利用本發明化合物及/或組合物治療疾病狀況之劑量方案取決於各種因素,其包括受試者之年齡、重量、性別及醫學狀況、疾病類型、疾病的嚴重程度、投與途徑及頻率、及所用特定化合物。因此,該劑量方案可在很大範圍內改變,但可使用標準方法常規確定。適宜的日劑量為約0.01至500毫克/公斤體重、較佳介於約0.5與約50毫克/公斤體重之間且最佳介於約0.1至20毫克/公斤體重之間。日劑量可以1-4次給藥/天投與。
出於治療目的,本發明之活性化合物通常與一或多種適於指定投與途徑之佐劑組合。若經口投與,則該等化合物可與乳糖、蔗糖、澱粉粉末、烷酸之纖維素酯、纖維素烷基酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸鎂、氧化鎂、磷酸及硫酸之鈉鹽及鈣鹽、明膠、阿拉伯膠、藻酸鈉、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、及/或聚乙烯醇混合,且隨後製錠或包膠囊以方便投與。該等膠囊或錠劑可含有控制釋放調配物,其可以活性化合物存於羥丙基甲基纖維素中之分散液提供。
在乾癬及其他皮膚病況之情況下,較佳可將本發明化合物之局部製劑施於受感染區域,每天2次至4次。
適於局部投與之調配物包括適於透過皮膚之液體或半液體製劑(例如,擦劑、洗劑、軟膏、乳霜或膏劑)及適於投與眼睛、耳朵或鼻子之滴劑。本發明化合物之活性成份的適宜局部劑量為0.1毫克至150毫克,每天投與1至4次、較佳1或2次。對於局部投與而言,該活性成份可佔調配物的0.001%至10% w/w(例如1%至2重量%),但其可佔調配物的多達10% w/w,但較佳不超過5% w/w、且更佳0.1%至1%。
當以軟膏形式調配時,該等活性成份可與石蠟或水-可混溶軟膏基質一起施用。或者,可用水包油乳霜基質將該等活性成份調配成乳霜。若期望,則乳霜基質之水性相可包括(例如)至少30% w/w多元醇,例如丙二醇、丁烷-1,3-二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇及其混合物。該局部調配物可合意地包括一種增強該活性成份經過皮膚或其他受感染區域之吸收或滲透之化合物。該等真皮滲透增強劑之實例包括二甲亞碸及相關類似物。
本發明之化合物亦可藉由經皮裝置投與。較佳地,經皮投與可使用儲層及多孔膜型貼片或固體底物類貼片來實現。在任一情形中,該活性藥劑係自儲層或微膠囊經由膜進入活性藥劑可滲透黏著劑來持續釋放,該黏著劑係與接受者之皮膚或黏膜接觸。若該活性藥劑經由皮膚吸收,則將受控及預定流量之活性藥劑投與接受者。在微膠囊之情況下,微膠囊劑亦可用作膜。
本發明乳液之油性相可由已知成份以已知方式構成。儘管該相可僅包括乳化劑,但其可包括至少一種乳化劑與脂肪或油或者與脂肪及油二者之混合物。較佳地,包括親水性乳化劑與用作穩定劑之親脂性乳化劑。亦較佳者包括油與脂肪二者。同時,該(等)乳化劑在有或沒有穩定劑之情況下形成所謂的乳化蠟,且該蠟與油及脂肪一起形成所謂的乳化軟膏基質,其形成該乳霜調配物之油性分散相。適用於本發明調配物之乳化劑及乳液穩定劑包括Tween 60、Span 80、十八十六醇、肉豆蔻醇、單硬脂酸甘油酯、月桂基硫酸鈉、二硬酯酸甘油酯,該等可單獨或與蠟或其他該項技術中習知之材料一起。
由於該活性化合物在大多數可能用於醫藥乳液調配物之油中之溶解度極低,故用於該調配物之適宜油或脂肪之選擇應基於達成之期望化妝性質。因此,該乳霜較佳應為非-油脂、未-著色且可洗產品,同時其具有適宜稠度以避免自管或其他容器洩漏。可使用直鏈或具支鏈、單-或二元烷基酯,例如二-異己二酸酯、硬脂酸異鯨蠟酯、椰子脂肪酸之丙二醇二酯、豆蔻酸異丙酯、油酸癸基酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、棕櫚酸2-乙基己基酯或若干支鏈酯之摻合物。端視所需性質而定,該等可單獨或組合使用。或者,可使用諸如白軟石蠟及/或液體石蠟或其他礦物油等高熔點脂質。
適用於局部投與眼睛之調配物亦包括滴眼劑,其中將活性成份溶解或懸浮液於適宜載劑中,尤其該等活性成份之水性溶劑中。該等活性成份較佳以0.5至20%、有利地0.5至10%且具體而言約1.5% w/w之濃度存在於該等調配物中。
用於非經腸投與之調配物可呈水性或非水性等滲無菌注射溶液或懸浮液形式。該等溶液及懸浮液可由無菌粉末或顆粒使用一或多種針對用於經口投與調配物中所提及之載劑或稀釋劑或藉由使用其他適宜分散或潤濕劑及懸浮劑製備。該等化合物可溶於水、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇、玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、芝麻油、苯甲醇、氯化鈉、黃蓍膠、及/或各種緩衝劑中。其他佐劑及投與方式亦適當且在醫藥技術中已廣泛得知。該活性成份亦可作為組合物與適宜載劑(其包括鹽水、右旋糖或水)或與環糊精(亦即,Captisol)、共溶劑增溶劑(亦即,丙二醇)或膠束增溶劑(亦即Tween 80)一起藉由注射投與。
無菌可注射製劑亦可為存於無毒非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之無菌可注射溶液或懸浮液,例如為存於1,3-丁二醇之溶液。可接受媒劑及溶劑中可採用者係水、林格氏(Ringer)溶液及等滲氯化鈉溶液。此外,通常採用無菌不揮發油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。就此目的而言,可採用任何溫和固定油,包括合成甘油單酯或甘油二酯。此外,在可注射製劑中可使用諸如油酸等脂肪酸。
對於肺部投與而言,該醫藥組合物可以氣溶膠形式或利用包括乾粉末氣溶膠之吸入器投與。
用於直腸投與藥物之栓劑可藉由將該藥物與適宜無刺激賦形劑(例如可可油及聚乙二醇)混合來製備,該等賦形劑在常溫下為固體但在直腸溫度下為液體且因此在直腸中熔融並釋放該藥物。
該等醫藥組合物可經受常規醫藥作業(例如殺菌)及/或可包含常用佐劑,例如防腐劑、穩定劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑、緩衝劑等。錠劑及藥丸可方便地經製備帶有腸溶包膜。該等組合物亦可包括佐劑,例如潤濕劑、甜味劑、矯味劑及香味劑。
本發明醫藥組合物包括化合物1或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;劑視情況一種選自以下之額外藥劑:激酶抑制劑(小分子、多肽、抗體等)、免疫抑制劑、抗癌劑、抗病毒劑、消炎劑、殺真菌藥、抗生素、或抗血管過度增殖化合物;及任何醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑。本發明之替代組合物包括本文所述式之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;及醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑。該等組合物可視情況包括一或多種額外治療劑,其包括(例如)激酶抑制劑(小分子、多肽、抗體等)、免疫抑制劑、抗癌劑、抗病毒劑、消炎劑、殺真菌藥、抗生素、或抗血管過度增殖化合物。
可用於本發明醫藥組合物中之醫藥上可接受之載劑、佐劑及媒劑包括(但不限於):離子交換劑、氧化鋁、硬脂酸鋁、卵磷脂、自乳化藥物遞送系統(SEDDS)(例如D-a-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯)、用於醫藥劑型之表面活性劑(例如Tweens活其他類似聚合物遞送底物)、血清蛋白(例如人血清白蛋白)、緩衝物質(例如磷酸鹽)、甘胺酸、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、飽和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油脂混合物、水、鹽或電解質(例如硫酸魚精蛋白、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸氫鉀、氯化鈉、鋅鹽、膠質二氧化矽、三矽酸鎂)、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、基於纖維素的物質、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸酯、蠟、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇及羊毛脂。環糊精(例如α-、β-及γ-環糊精)或經化學改良衍生物(例如羥烷基環糊精,包括2-及3-羥丙基-環糊精)或其他穩定衍生物亦可有利地用於增強本文所示式化合物之遞送。
以下實例及製備闡述製備及使用本發明之方式及方法。
所有反應皆在連續磁力攪拌的同時在乾燥氮氣或氬氣氣氛下實施。所有蒸發及濃縮皆在旋轉蒸發器中在減壓下實施。市售試劑未經額外純化以取得狀態使用。溶劑係市售無水級且未經進一步乾燥或純化即使用。急驟層析係使用二氧化矽凝膠(EMerck Kieselgel 60,0.040-0.060毫米)實施。
分析型反相(RP)HPLC係使用Phenomenex Luna C18 S5 4.6毫米×50毫米管柱或YMC S5 ODS 4.6×50毫米管柱實施。在每一情況下,使用4分鐘線性梯度(自100% A:% 0 B至0% A:100% B),其中利用以下流動相系統:A=90% H2
O/MeOH+0.2% H3
PO4
;B=90% MeOH/H2
O+0.2% H3
PO4
,流速=4毫升/分鐘且在220奈米處偵測。
製備型反相(RP)HPLC係利用線性洗脫使用10%甲醇、90%水、0.1% TFA(溶劑A)及90%甲醇、10%水、0.1% TFA(溶劑B)在220奈米處偵測在以下管柱之上實施:A
-Shimadzu S5 ODS-VP 20×100毫米管柱,其中流速為20毫升/分鐘;B
-YMC S5 ODS 30×100毫米管柱,其中流速為20毫升/分鐘;C
-Phenomonex 30×250毫米管柱,其中流速為10毫升/分鐘;D
-YMC S5 ODS 20×250毫米管柱,其中流速為10毫升/分鐘;E
-YMC S10 ODS 50×500毫米管柱,其中流速為50毫升/分鐘;或F-YMC S10 ODS 30×500毫米管柱,其中流速為20毫升/分鐘。
最終產物藉由1
H NMR、RP HPLC、電噴射電離(ESI MS)或常壓離(API MS)質譜進行表徵。1
H NMR譜係在400 MHz Bruker儀器上獲得。13
C NMR譜係以100 MHz記錄。場強度係相對於溶劑峰以單位δ(百萬分率,ppm)表示,且峰多重性指定如下:s,單峰;d,二重峰;dd,二重峰的二重峰;dm,多重峰的二重峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;brs,寬單峰;m,多重峰。
以下縮寫用於常用試劑:Boc或BOC:胺基甲酸第三丁基酯;Fmoc:胺基甲酸9H-芴基甲基酯;TEA:三乙胺;NMM:N-甲基嗎啉;Ms:甲烷磺醯基;DIEA或DIPEA:二異丙基乙基胺或Hunig鹼;NMP:N-甲基吡咯啶酮;BOP試劑:六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基叁(三甲基胺基)鏻;DCC:1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺;EDCI:1-(二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽;RT或rt:室溫;tR
:保留時間;h:小時;min:分鐘;PyBroP:六氟磷酸溴三吡咯啶基鏻;TBTU:O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯;DMAP:4-N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶;HOBt或HOBT:羥基苯并三唑;Na(OAc)3
BH:三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉;HOAc:乙酸;TFA:三氟乙酸;LiHMDS:雙(三甲基甲矽烷基)醯胺鋰;DMSO:二甲亞碸;MeCN:乙腈;MeOH:甲醇;EtOAc:乙酸乙酯;DMF:二甲基甲醯胺;THF:四氫呋喃;DCE:1,2-二氯乙烷;Et2
O:乙醚;DCM:二氯甲烷(dichloromethane或methylene chloride);m-CPBA:4-氯過氧化苯甲酸。
N-(4-(2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺
A)3,4-二氯吡啶甲酸
如Marzi,E.等人(Eur.J.Org.Chem.1371-1376,2001)先前所闡述,於0℃下將存於50毫升乙醚中之2,2,6,6-四甲基六氫吡啶(8.84毫升,52毫莫耳,Aldrich)連同n-BuLi(33毫升,52毫莫耳,Aldrich,1.6 M己烷)一起裝填。於0℃下攪拌30分鐘後,將溶液冷卻至-78℃並裝填3,4-二氯吡啶(7.0克,47毫莫耳,Matrix)存於5毫升乙醚中之溶液。於-78℃下攪拌2小時後,在溶液變成異相後經由套管將二氧化碳(乾冰)鼓泡通入反應混合物中。於-78℃下二氧化碳鼓泡通入反應10分鐘後,去除冷卻浴並將反應混合物加熱至室溫,同時CO2
鼓泡。用飽和氯化銨水溶液(約50毫升)使反應驟冷並於室溫下於空氣氣氛下攪拌5分鐘。將反應混合物用水(約150毫升)稀釋並用乙酸乙酯(2×75毫升)以去除任何剩餘起始材料。將水層利用1 N HCl水溶液酸化至pH 1-2並用乙酸乙酯(2×100毫升)萃取。將有機相經無水硫酸鎂乾燥並在真空中濃縮,獲得黃色固體狀3,4-二氯吡啶甲酸(3.5克,39%)。1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 8.53(d,1H,J=5.2 Hz),7.90(d,1H,J=5.2 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 192.08(M+H)+
。
B)3,4-二氯吡啶醯胺
將3,4-二氯吡啶甲酸(3.5克,18毫莫耳)於過量亞硫醯氯(10毫升,Aldrich ReagentPlus 99.5%)中之混合物於80℃下攪拌1小時。冷卻至室溫後,將反應在真空中濃縮以去除過量亞硫醯氯並然後懸浮於乙醚(50毫升)中。於0℃下將乙醚的醯氯溶液添加於氫氧化銨(50毫升)中。藉由真空過濾收集產物,用水洗滌,並然後用乙醚研磨,獲得米黃色固體狀3,4-二氯吡啶醯胺(2.6克,76%)。1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)68.50(d,1H,J=5.2 Hz),8.12(br s,1H),7.83(d,1H,J=5.2 Hz),7.82(br s,1H);MS(ESI+
)m/z 191.10(M+H)+
。
或者,3,4-二氯吡啶醯胺可直接自3,4-二氯吡啶根據以下所闡述之程序製備。
於0℃下經由唧筒在15分鐘內向2,2,6,6-四甲基六氫吡啶(31.1克,0.22莫耳)存於乙醚(400毫升)中之溶液中添加存於己烷中之n-BuLi(1.6 M,138.0毫升,0.22莫耳)。將所得溶液於0℃下攪拌0.5小時且於-78℃下攪拌0.5小時。然後經由唧筒在15分鐘內向此混合物中緩慢添加存於乙醚(20毫升)中之3,4-二氯吡啶(29.6克,0.20莫耳)。將所得混合物於-78℃下攪拌2小時,然後添加異氰酸基三甲基矽烷(85%純度,40.0毫升,0.30莫耳)。異氰酸基三甲基矽烷之來源係TCI。添加完後,去除冷卻浴並在1小時內將反應混合物加熱至室溫。用乙酸(40克,0.67莫耳)及200毫升水使反應混合物驟冷。將混合物攪拌過夜並藉助過濾收集所形成的白色固體並用水洗滌。用乙酸乙酯(3×300毫升)萃取濾液。將先前所收集的固體溶於合併的有機層中,並將所得溶液用鹽水(2×200毫升)洗滌、經MgSO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物懸浮於200毫升乙醚中並超音波處理。藉助過濾收集剩餘固體並用最少量乙醚洗滌,以提供3,4-二氯吡啶醯胺(14.8克,39%)。
C)4-(4-胺基-2-氟苯氧基)-3-氯吡啶醯胺
向4-胺基-2-氟苯酚(9.3克,73毫莫耳,3B Medical Systems,3B3290)存於DMF(100毫升)中之溶液中添加第三丁醇鉀(8.8克,79毫莫耳)。於室溫下攪拌30分鐘後,添加3,4-二氯吡啶醯胺(10克,52毫莫耳)。將反應混合物於50℃下攪拌2.5小時。將反應冷卻至室溫後,將混合物用400毫升乙酸乙酯稀釋並用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(400毫升)洗滌。將水層用300毫升乙酸乙酯反萃取。將合併的有機相用10%氯化鋰水溶液洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,並在真空中濃縮。將所得褐色固體懸浮於乙酸乙酯中,過濾並用乙醚洗滌,獲得棕黃色固體狀產物(7.4克)。將濾液在真空中濃縮並然後藉由急驟層析在二氧化矽凝膠(2%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)上純化。將所得褐色固體用乙醚研磨,獲得額外4.3克棕黃色固體狀4-(4-胺基-2-氟苯氧基)-3-氯吡啶醯胺(79%合併產率)。1
H NMR(CD3
OD)δ 8.29(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),7.00(t,1H,J=8.8 Hz),6.79(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),6.63-6.55(m,2H);MS(ESI+
)m/z 282.21(M+H)+
。
D)4-碘-2-甲氧基煙鹼醛
於-30℃至-40℃下在N2
氣氛下向二異丙基胺(260克,2.57莫耳)存於無水THF(6.5升)中之溶液中經由套管逐滴添加n-BuLi(156克,2.45莫耳)。使所得混合物升溫至0℃並於此溫度下攪拌35分鐘。然後將此溶液冷卻至-78℃並逐滴添加2-氟吡啶(250克,2.57莫耳,Alfa)。將反應混合物於-78℃下攪拌2小時。然後於-20℃下在N2
下經由套管將此混合物添加於碘(654克,2.57莫耳)存於無水THF(1.96 L)中之溶液中。反應完成後,將混合物用冰水驟冷並用EtOAc萃取。將有機層用硫代硫酸鈉、然後水及鹽水洗滌。然後將有機物乾燥(Na2
SO4
)並在真空中濃縮,獲得固體狀2-氟-3-碘吡啶(450克,78%),其足夠純以用於下一步驟。
於-8℃至-10℃下在N2
氣氛下向二異丙基胺(345毫升,249克,2.46莫耳)存於無水THF(5升)中之溶液中經由套管逐滴添加n-BuLi(880毫升,158克,2.46莫耳)。將混合物於-10℃下攪拌30分鐘,冷卻至-78℃並用2-氟-3-碘吡啶(500克,2.24莫耳)存於無水THF(2升)中之溶液逐滴處理。添加完後,將反應混合物升溫至-60℃並將此溫度保持2小時。然後將混合物冷卻至-78℃,用甲酸乙酯(183克,2.47莫耳)逐滴處理、隨後用存於MeOH(1.5升)中之甲醇鈉(149克,2.75莫耳)處理並升溫至周圍溫度。將反應混合物用冰水驟冷並用EtOAc萃取。將該等層分離且有機相用水及鹽水洗滌,乾燥(Na2
SO4
)並在真空中濃縮。藉由急驟層析在二氧化矽凝膠上純化殘餘物,獲得固體狀4-碘-2-甲氧基煙鹼醛(380克,64%)。
或者,4-碘-2-甲氧基煙鹼醛可根據美國專利第5,491,237號(WO 95/29917)中所闡述之程序製備。
E)4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛
將4-碘-2-甲氧基煙鹼醛(25克,95毫莫耳)與碘化鈉(31.0克,285毫莫耳,Aldrich)一起在500毫升乙腈中攪拌。在15分鐘內向此溶液中逐滴添加氯三甲基矽烷(36.0毫升,285毫莫耳,Aldrich99%)。將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌2小時並然後在真空中濃縮。將產物懸浮於乙酸乙酯、水及飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液中,然後過濾,獲得暗褐色固體。將此固體用乙腈研磨,獲得黃色固體狀4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛(21.3克,90%)(互變異構體混合物)。MS(ESI+
)m/z 250.04(M+H)+
。
F)1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛
將4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛(16.0克,64.3毫莫耳)、4-氟苯基酸(26.8克,193毫莫耳,Aldrich)、乙酸銅(II)(23.4克,129毫莫耳,Aldrich)、及肉豆蔻酸(58.7克,257毫莫耳,Aldrich)一起在800毫升甲苯中攪拌。向此溶液中添加2,6-二甲基吡啶(60毫升,514毫莫耳,Aldrich)並將反應劇烈攪拌1天。額外添加5克4-氟苯基酸並將反應再劇烈攪拌3天。將反應混合物濃縮並然後懸浮於10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯中。添加Celite並將混合物再攪拌5分鐘。然後藉助Celite塞過濾混合物,濃縮並懸浮於乙酸乙酯及水中。再次藉助Celite過濾混合物以去除沉澱出的額外銅,用乙酸乙酯充分洗滌。將濾液用1 N HCl水溶液洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。將所得固體用乙酸乙酯研磨,獲得9.25克(42%)黃色固體狀1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛。將濾液在真空中濃縮且剩餘固體再次用乙酸乙酯研磨,獲得額外5.75克(68%總產率)黃色固體狀期望產物。1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 9.57(s,1H),7.68(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz),7.58-7.54(m,2H),7.40(t,2H,J=8.8 Hz),7.02(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 344.13(M+H)+
。
G)1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸
於0℃下將1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醛(10.0克,29.2毫莫耳)及磷酸二氫鈉(10.1克,73毫莫耳,Aldrich)在各35毫升之THF、第三丁醇、及水中劇烈攪拌。將2-甲基-2-丁烯(45.2毫升,2.0 M存於THF中,Aldrich)添加於該反應混合物中,隨後添加亞氯酸鈉(6.06克,67.1毫莫耳,Aldrich)。去除冰浴並使反應混合物升溫至室溫,同時極快速攪拌。數分鐘後,期望產物開始自溶液沉澱出。持續攪拌1小時,然後添加20毫升1 N HCl水溶液,並再繼續攪拌5分鐘。將期望產物濾出,然後用水、乙酸乙酯及乙醚洗滌。獲得濾液並分層。水層用乙酸乙酯洗滌。將合併的有機層用硫酸鎂乾燥、過濾並在真空中濃縮。將所得固體懸浮於乙酸乙酯中,過濾並用乙酸乙酯及乙醚洗滌,獲得額外的期望產物。將淺黃色固體合併,獲得8.22克(78%)1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸(92%純度,8%起始材料殘餘)。將此材料溶於最小量1N NaOH水溶液中。添加乙酸乙酯並將混合物劇烈攪拌5分鐘。將該等層分離,且水層用乙酸乙酯萃取。將水層在攪拌的同時用濃HCl酸化至pH 1。收集自溶液中沉澱出之淺黃色固體,用水、乙酸乙酯、乙醚洗滌且然後在真空中乾燥,獲得7.33克(70%)1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸(95.4%純度,藉由HPLC)。1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 13.53(s,1H),7.52-7.49(m,3H),7.38(t,2H,J=8.8 Hz),6.81(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 360.14(M+H)+
。
H)3-氯-4-(2-氟-4-(1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)苯氧基)吡啶醯胺
向存於6毫升甲苯中之1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸(3.7克,10毫莫耳)中添加亞硫醯氯(10毫升,Aldrich ReagentPlus 99.5%)。於室溫下攪拌2.5小時後,混合物變成均相且然後在真空中濃縮。將甲苯(3毫升)添加於殘餘物中並將混合物在真空中濃縮以去除過量亞硫醯氯(實施兩次)。然後將粗製醯氯在高真空下乾燥15分鐘。醯氯乾燥的同時,將4-(4-胺基-2-氟苯氧基)-3-氯吡啶醯胺(2.5克,8.9毫莫耳)溶解於THF(50毫升)及DMF(3毫升)中。將溶液冷卻至0℃並然後添加N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(3.1毫升,18毫莫耳,Aldrich 99.5%再蒸餾)。然後在30分鐘內添加固體狀醯氯。添加完成後,去除冷卻浴並將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌15分鐘,然後用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(30毫升)驟冷。添加水(約30毫升)以溶解鹽並將混合物用乙酸乙酯(1×100毫升)萃取。有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由急驟層析在二氧化矽凝膠(2%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)上純化粗製產物,獲得4.9克期望產物連同少量3-氯-4-(4-(4-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)-2-氟苯氧基)吡啶醯胺,該等一起呈灰白色固體狀(89%,以碘計)。1
H NMR(CD3
OD)δ 8.34(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),7.92(dd,1H,J=12.4,2.4 Hz),7.51-7.47(m,4H),7.37-7.29(m,3H),6.99(d,1H,J=7.2 Hz),6.86(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 623.08(M+H)+
。
I)3-氯-4-(4-(4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)-2-氟苯氧基)吡啶醯胺
在N2
下將氫化鈉(1.89克,47.2毫莫耳,60%存於礦物油中之分散液,Aldrich)緩慢添加於乙醇(77毫升,Aldrich>99.5% 200標準強度)及THF(77毫升)之溶液中並將所得混合物於室溫下攪拌5分鐘。然後將乙醇鈉溶液添加於3-氯-4-(2-氟-4-(1-(4-氟苯基)-4-碘-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)苯氧基)-吡啶醯胺與3-氯-4-(4-(4-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)-2-氟苯氧基)吡啶醯胺之混合物(22.6克,約36.3毫莫耳)中並於室溫下攪拌1小時。真空濃縮反應混合物。將所得粗製固體懸浮於乙酸乙酯、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及水中(以溶解任何所沉澱鹽)。將此混合物超音波處理並攪拌直至剩餘固體變成可過濾粉末為止。將此粉末濾出,獲得17.2克(88%)呈淺黃色固體狀期望產物。將剩餘濾液之層分離。水層用乙酸乙酯萃取。將合併的有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥並於真空中濃縮。將所得固體用乙酸乙酯研磨,超音波處理並過濾,獲得額外3.02克淺褐色固體狀期望產物。1
H NMR(CD3
OD)δ 8.34(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),7.94(dd,1H,J=12.4,2.4 Hz),7.80(d,1H,J=8 Hz),7.48-7.46(m,3H),7.31-7.28(m,3H),6.86(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),6.61(d,1H,I=7.2 Hz),4.34(q,2H,J=7.2 Hz),1.45(t,3H,J=7.2 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 541.11(M+H)+
。
J)N-(4-(2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺
於0℃下向存於乙酸乙酯(16毫升)、乙腈(16毫升)及水(8毫升)中之3-氯-4-(4-(4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺基)-2-氟苯氧基)吡啶醯胺(1.2克,2.1毫莫耳)添加二乙酸碘苯(820毫克,2.6毫莫耳,Aldrich)。於室溫下攪拌2小時後,將反應過濾以收集粗製產物。將固體用額外的乙酸乙酯洗滌。將濾液用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗滌且有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥並在真空中濃縮。將沉澱物及濾液合併並藉由急驟層析在二氧化矽凝膠(2%甲醇/氯仿)上純化,獲得白色固體狀標題化合物(810毫克,74%)。1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 10.57(s,1H),7.83-7.79(m,2H),7.67(d,1H,J=5.6 Hz),7.41-7.38(m,3H),7.36-7.22(m,3H),6.44(d,1H,J=7.6 Hz),6.36(br s,2H),5.86(d,1H,J=6.0 Hz),4.18(q,2H,J=7.2 Hz),1.23(t,3H,J=7.2 Hz);MS(ESI+
)m/z 513.09(M+H)+
。
本發明化合物之藥理學性質可藉由許多藥理學分析證實。利用本發明化合物及/或其鹽實施以下實例性藥理學分析。
Met激酶分析
該Met激酶分析所使用之培育混合物包含表現GST-Met激酶之杆狀病毒、合成底物polyGlu:Tyr(4:1)、ATP、ATP-γ-33
P及含Mn++
、DTT、BSA及Tris之緩衝液。將反應於30℃下培育60分鐘並藉由添加冰冷三氯乙酸(TCA)至最終濃度8%來停止。使用Filtermate萬用收集器(Packard Instrument公司,Meriden,CT)將TCA沉澱物收集於GF/C unifilter板(Packard Instrument公司,Meriden,CT)上並使用TopCount 96/384-孔液體閃爍計數器(Packard Instrument公司,Meriden,CT)對濾液進行定量。產生劑量反應曲線以確定抑制50%激酶活性所需濃度(IC_50)。將化合物以10 mM溶於二甲亞碸(DMSO)中並在10個濃度下進行評價,每一濃度皆一式兩份實施。分析中DMSO之最終濃度為1.7%。藉由非線性回歸獲得IC_50值。
N-(4-(2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺(化合物1)抑制Met激酶,其中IC50
值為3.5 nM。
活體內效能測定
評價N-(4-(2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-4-乙氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺(化合物1)在活體內對抗GTL-16胃及U87神經膠質母細胞瘤腫瘤異種移植物之效能。如圖1中所繪示,化合物1在6.25毫克/公斤至50毫克/公斤之多個劑量水平下對於至少一個腫瘤倍增時間在GTL-16人類胃癌模型中的腫瘤生長抑制(TGI)大於50%,由此界定其具有活性。當在14天持續時間內每天投藥一次時在所有該等劑量水平中未觀察到顯著毒性。在此研究中,25毫克/公斤及50毫克/公斤獲得完全腫瘤停滯。在先前所述其中使用100毫克/公斤對抗此模型之研究中,未觀察到活性增加。因此,25毫克/公斤係所觀察到化合物1對抗GTL-16腫瘤異種移植物之最大有效劑量水平。在此研究中,以6.25毫克/公斤測試之最低劑量水平亦獲得大於50%的TGI,且因此在此研究中界定為最小有效劑量(MED)水平。亦針對U87人類神經膠質母細胞瘤模型(一種基於Met活化之HGF自分泌機制的Met源性腫瘤)測試化合物1。如圖2中所示,在50及25毫克/公斤二者下觀察到完全腫瘤停滯,類似於對抗GTL-16腫瘤異種移植物所觀察到之活性。
已經將本發明化合物(化合物1)與其他已發現為有用Met激酶抑制劑之化合物(例如彼等揭示於美國專利第2005/0245530號中者)相比較,且發現尤其有利。舉例而言,已發現本發明化合物由於具有經改良藥物動力學曲線且對某些CYP 450同功酶之抑制降低,故其尤其有利的優於N-(4-(2-胺基吡啶-4-基氧基)-3-氟苯基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氧代-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺鹽酸鹽(化合物2)。
細胞色素P450分析
使用重組人類CYP同型異構體在活體外評價化合物抑制造成藥物代謝之主要人類細胞色素P450s(CYPs)之能力。使用3-氰基-7-乙氧基香豆素(CYP1A2,CYP2C19)、7-甲氧基-4-三氟甲基香豆素(CYP2C9)或3-[2-(N,N-二乙基-N-甲基胺基)乙基]-7-甲氧基-4-甲基香豆素(CYP2D6)作為底物量測自杆狀病毒感染的昆蟲細胞製得的cDNA-源性CYP酵素之抑制。CYP3A4抑制係利用兩種底物評價:7-苄氧基-4-三氟甲基香豆素(BFC)及試鹵靈苄基醚(BzRes)。一式兩份測試各模型底物之單一濃度(約為表觀Km
,其中BFC除外,其在低於表觀Km
下測試)及測試化合物之若干濃度(間隔約1/2 log單位)。模型底物之代謝係藉由7-羥基-3-氰基香豆素、3-[2-(N,N-二乙基胺基)乙基]-7-羥基-4-甲基香豆素、7-羥基-4-三氟甲基香豆素或試鹵靈之產生來評價並經由螢光偵測來量測。在96-孔微量滴定板中在NADPH生成系統之存在下實施分析。在該等研究中包括正對照試樣。對於所有該等分析而言,正對照值皆在歷史範圍內。利用XL擬合曲線-擬合軟體計算IC50
值。
在小鼠中所觀察到的藥物動力學參數。
在8小時口服暴露研究中,化合物之50毫克/公斤單一劑量係作為存於70% PEG400/30%水中之溶液藉由口服管飼輸送給禁食成年雄性Balb/C小鼠(n=2或3/化合物)。在口服給藥後0.5、1、4、8小時時間點時收集各個小鼠的三個血清試樣。開始兩個試樣係藉由眼窩後放血(約100微升/20-25克小鼠)獲得且第三個試樣係藉由心臟穿刺獲得。使該等血樣在冰上凝固,離心並然後收穫血清。分析之前將血漿試樣儲存於-20℃下。經由HPLC耦合串列質譜(LC/MS/MS)分析母體化合物之血漿試樣。
圖1.對GTL-16胃癌異種移植物的抗腫瘤活性圖2.對U87神經膠質母細胞瘤異種移植物的抗腫瘤活性
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (8)
- 一種具有下式I之化合物:
或其鹽。 - 一種醫藥組合物,其包括存於醫藥上可接受之載劑中之治療有效量的具有下式I之化合物:
或其鹽。 - 如請求項2之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥上可接受之載劑包括微晶纖維素及甘露醇或乳糖。
- 如請求項3之醫藥組合物,其進一步包括潤滑劑。
- 如請求項2之醫藥組合物,其進一步包括崩解劑。
- 一種存於醫藥上可接受之載劑中具有下式I之化合物或其鹽在製造用於治療癌症之藥物中的用途:
其中該癌症係依賴於Met活化,其中該Met活化係由基因擴增、經活化Met突變及/或HGF刺激來調節。 - 如請求項6之用途,其中該藥物係與至少一種額外的抗癌劑組合使用。
- 如請求項6之用途,其中該癌症係膀胱癌、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、胃癌、頭部及頸部癌、腎癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺/膽囊癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、骨肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、MFH/纖維肉瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤/星形細胞瘤、黑素瘤、或間皮瘤。
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