TWI409081B - 用於藥物輸送之水不溶性聚合物基質 - Google Patents
用於藥物輸送之水不溶性聚合物基質 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI409081B TWI409081B TW096142200A TW96142200A TWI409081B TW I409081 B TWI409081 B TW I409081B TW 096142200 A TW096142200 A TW 096142200A TW 96142200 A TW96142200 A TW 96142200A TW I409081 B TWI409081 B TW I409081B
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Description
本發明一般相關於藥物輸送組成物。詳言之,本發明有關於液體生物可溶蝕性材料用於一活性物質經由注射至主體的目標區域的可持續釋放。
1.固體藥物輸送系統目前的藥物輸送治療選項常難以使用且可能是無效的,因為活性物質之無效運輸至目標部位。例如,固體基質(與固體生物可溶蝕性或非可溶蝕性聚合物混合的藥物)必須如手術般插入目標區。使用於此方面的聚合物包括尤其是聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚ε-己內酯、聚羧基丁酯、聚羧基丁酯-聚羥基戊酸共聚物。這些聚合物典型地具有10,000至100,000的高分子量,且因此為具有高於70℃高熔點的硬質聚合物。
2.液體藥物輸送系統製造注射配方的嘗試典型地意味使用聚合物的有機溶劑如N-甲基四氫吡咯酮(US 2006/0009498)溶液。溶劑的使用常常會提高藥物輸送配方潛在的毒性。
在室溫為液體且不需要溶劑的注射聚合物系統包括POE聚合物。例如,美國專利第4,079,038、4,093,709、4,131,648、4,138,344及4,180,646號揭露使用生物可溶蝕性POE聚合物的藥物輸送系統。這些聚合物由原酯(或原碳酸酯)如2,2-二乙氧四氫呋喃與二醇如1,4-環己二甲醇的反應形成。此反應需要提高的溫度及降低的壓力與相對較長的反應時間。藥物或其他活性物質係保留在聚合物基質如由於不穩定連結的水解之聚合物生物降解而釋放。美國專利第4,304,767號揭露具有由一般化學式代表之重複單元的POE聚合物:
聚合物由乙烯酮乙醛及含氫氧根之化合物的凝結反應形成,且具有相對較高的分子量。POE聚合物的缺點為其傾向具有相對快的分解時間。使得此聚合物不適合作為長效控制釋放藥物輸送載體。
水溶性聚合物也已用於液體藥物輸送系統。例如,美國專利第5,648,506號描述聚合物藥物輸送系統,其中活性物質連接至水溶性聚合物以提供可溶解藥物輸送的形式,特別是用於藥物本身為水不溶性的案例。特別是,紫衫醇共價鍵結至帶有其他官能性單體的水溶性聚乙二醇以構成聚合物藥物輸送的形式。水溶性聚合物的缺點為其在特定眼科治療的應用可引發炎症併發症。
本發明提供聚合物基質及活性物質的新穎藥學組成物,及對於主體使用新穎藥學組成物治療或預防疾病的方法。
更特別是,文中提出的特定實施例通常有關於藥學組成物,其包括(1)包括聚酯聚合物的生物可溶蝕性之水不溶的聚合物基質,其中此聚合物基質具有低於60℃的熔點;及(2)分散在聚合物基質內的活性物質,其中此組成物之配製為在預先設定的一段時間控制釋放活性物質至目標部位。
本發明之組成物可包括任何熟知此技藝者已知的添加成份。例如,添加成份可為額外的活性物質、或一液體成份。在某些實施例中,組成物包括可為有機或水溶液的液體成份。例如,在某些實施例,組成物包括最多20%水可混溶的有機液體。水可混溶的有機液體可或不可混溶於聚合物基質中。在特定實施例,水可混溶的有機液體可混溶於聚合物基質。
聚酯聚合物可為任何熟知此技藝者已知的聚酯聚合物。例如,聚合物基質可包括選自於由聚(己內酯);聚(己二酸乙二醇酯);聚(己二酸丙二醇酯);聚(己二酸丁二醇酯);及其摻合物與共聚物組成之群組的聚酯聚合物。在特定實施例,聚合物基質包括聚(己內酯)聚合物,如聚(ε-己內酯)聚合物。
在特定實施例中,聚合物基質包括具有下列結構的聚酯聚合物:
其中R1
、R2
及R3
為選自於由烷基及具2至8個碳原子的烷氧基二醇、三醇或四醇組成的群組;w、w1
各自為4至12的整數;w2
、w3
各自為1至12的整數;w4
、w5
、w6
、w7
、w8
、w9
及w10
各自為0至12的整數;n為4至9的整數;及m為2至8的整數。
R1
、R2
與R3
的烷基及烷氧基二醇、三醇及四醇的非限定範例包括丁二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、三甲基醇丙烷及異戊四醇。聚酯聚醇的範例如下所示,其中R1
為丁二醇:
聚合物基質可包括任何分子量的聚合物。在特定實施例中,聚合物具有400至4000的平均分子量。進一步地,聚合物基質可有任何黏性。在特定實施例中,聚合物基質的黏性在55℃時為50至2000 cps。
此聚合物基質可或不可為生物可溶蝕性。在特定實施例中,聚合物基質或組成物為生物可溶蝕性。
在一較佳實施例中,聚合物基質包括聚酯聚合物2-噁庚酮,具有2,2-雙(羥甲基)-1,3-丙二醇的聚合物。此聚合物亦已知是具有異戊四醇的ε-己內酯聚合物,且具有化學式(C6
H10
O2
)x
.C5
H12
O4
,其中x為可致使聚合物具有約1000的平均分子量。此聚合物可從Solvay Chemicals,Inc.以CAPA4101從商業上取得。
在特定實施例,一或多個活性物質分散在聚合物基質內。活性物質包括但不限定於,任何可用來引起預期作用的成份、化合物或小分子。例如,預期作用可包括疾病或症狀的診斷、醫治、緩和、治療、或預防。
在特定實施例中,活性物質為眼科藥物。熟知此技藝者將熟悉這些藥劑,例如將於說明書後文中提出者。活性物質可於或不於溶液或懸浮液中。
眼科藥物可以是應用於眼科疾病治療或預防的藥劑。眼科疾病可以是任何眼科疾病。在特定實施例中,眼科疾病可以是脈絡膜新生血管疾病(如因老年性黃斑部退化的脈絡膜新生血管疾病、乾(退化)老年性黃斑部退化、或青光眼。在某些實施例中,眼科藥物具有抗感染或抗過敏性質。
在一實施例,眼科藥物選自於由已知降眼壓藥物類別,如碳酸酐酶抑制劑、貝他阻斷劑、前列腺素、緩激肽拮抗劑、Rho激脢抑制劑、C型鈉尿肽(CNP)受體拮抗劑、及鳥苷酸環化酶活化劑組成的群組。
組成物可配製為在預先設定的時間週期控制釋放活性物質。時間週期可以是任何長度,如1週、4週、8週、6個月,或更長。控制釋放配方為熟知此技藝者已知的,且在說明書中別處討論。在特定實施例中,此組成物配製為可控制活性物質於至少4週釋放至目標部位。
組成物可由熟知此技藝者已知的任何方式配製。例如,組成物可配製為注射糊劑或液體。
本發明考量任何熟知此技藝者已知的投藥組成物的方法。例如,在某些實施例中,藥學組成物是配製用於局部的施用。可替代地,組成物可配製用於施加至在眼前段或眼後段之目標部位。在特定實施例中,組成物是配製用於玻璃體內注射。
本發明亦通常有關在一主體治療疾病狀態的方法,其意味著給予任何上述提及之藥學組成物的有療效用量至主體的選取目標部位,其中活性物質在預先設定的一段時間控制釋放至目標部位。活性物質可以是任何上述及說明書其他部份的活性物質。在某些實施例中,活性物質在給藥後控制釋放至少四週至目標部位。
疾病狀態可以是任何疾病狀態。在特定實施例中,疾病狀態為眼科疾病且活性物質為眼科藥物。
組成物可由熟知此技藝者已知的任何方法配製。在特定實施例中,例如,組成物係配製為注射糊劑或液體。再者,本發明方法預期為熟知此技藝者已知的任何給藥方法。在特定實施例中,組成物係玻璃體內給藥。
在特定實施例中,本發明之聚酯聚合物可選自於由下列組成的組群中:
其中R1
、R2
及R3
各自選自於由烷基及2至8個碳原子的烷氧基二醇、三醇及四醇組成的群組;w、w1
各自為4至12整數;w2
、w3
各自為1至12整數;w4
、w5
、w6
、w7
、w8
、w9
及w10
各自為0至12整數;n為4至9的整數;及m為2至8的整數。
R1
、R2
及R3
的烷基及烷氧基二醇、三醇及四醇的非限定範例包括丁二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、三甲基醇丙烷及異戊四醇。
本發明亦大致有關於提供活性物質可持續釋放至主體之選取目標部位的方法,其意味給予任何的本發明藥學組成物至主體的選取目標部位,其中活性物質於預先設定的一段時間內釋放至目標部位。在某些實施例,例如,活性物質在給藥後可持續釋放至少4週至目標部位。在特定實施例,組成物係配製為注射糊劑或液體。
儘管本發明聚合物基質的親油性,酯基提供聚合物系統某些極性,其使得特定藥物的溶解性提高至實際的藥物輸送裝置需要的數量。此外,這些聚合物可混溶於生物相容性有機液體如丙二醇及聚乙二醇。此特點容許提高基質內藥物溶解度及降低聚合物黏性的方法。黏性的降低使得需要較低的力輸送基質經過細口徑注射針或插管(統稱為“注射器”)。
本發明考量熟知此技藝者已知的任何給藥方法。範例討論於上文及說明書的別處。在特定實施例,組成物係玻璃體內給藥。
本發明亦有關於套件,其包括本發明藥學組成物及用於藥學組成物給藥至主體的裝置。套件將在後續說明書中詳實討論。用於藥學組成物投藥的裝置可以是任何熟知此技藝者已知的裝置。例如,裝置可包括注射器。其也可包括注射針或插管。
預期在本發明說明書討論的任何實施例可以本發明的任何方法或組成物實施,且反之亦然。此外,本發明組成物可用來達成本發明的方法。
“生物可溶蝕性”一詞包括本發明組成物及/或聚合物藉由生物環境線索的作用(如,目標部位的酸性、溫度或溼度,存在於目標部位的酵素、蛋白質或其他分子)或分散於基質內活性物質之物理或化學性質的作用而降解、分解或消化。
“基質”一詞包括保持藥物之本發明聚合物的物理結構。
“主體”一詞為人類或非人類如靈長類、哺乳類及脊椎動物。在特定實施例,主體為人類。
“約”或“近乎”一詞是定義為接近,如熟知此技藝者所知,且在一非限定的實施例中,這些詞定義為在10%範圍內,較佳地在5%範圍內,更佳地在1%範圍內,及最佳地在0.5%範圍內。
“抑制”、“降低”或“預防”等詞或任何這些詞的變化,當使用於申請專利範圍及/或說明書中時,包括任何可測量的降低或完全的抑制作用以達成預期結果。
“有效的”一詞用於說明書及/或申請專利範圍中時,代表適當的達到預期、期待或想要的結果。
使用“一(a)”或“一(an)”等詞,當在申請專利範圍及/或說明書與“包含”一詞使用時可代表“一(one)”,但其也與“一或多個”、“至少一”及“一或多於一個”的意思一致。
在申請專利範圍中使用“或”一詞為用以意指“及/或”,除非明白指出為有關僅可替代或可替代為彼此排除,雖然揭露的說明支持有關僅可替代及“及/或”的界定。
使用於本說明書及申請專利範圍,字詞“包含”(及任何形式之包含(comprising),如“comprise”及“comprises”)、“具有”(及任何形式之具有(having),如“have”及“has”),“包括”(及任何形式之包括(including),如“包括(includes)”及“包括(include)”)或“含有(containing)”(及任何形式之(containing),如“contains”及“contain”)為包括性的或開放式且不排除額外的、未陳述元件或方法步驟。
本發明的其他目的、特色及優點將從下文的詳細描述變的顯而易見。然而,可了解提供之詳細說明及實施例僅為用於說明之用,雖然說明的本發明特定實施例。此外,可預期在本發明之技術思想及範疇內之改變及修飾對熟知此技藝者將從此詳細描述變得顯而易見。
下列圖示為說明書的一部分且用來進一步說明本發明非限定的之特定態樣。本發明可參考一或多個圖式與在說明書中特定實施例的詳細描述而更佳的瞭解。
第1圖:在老鼠OIR模型中,經由單一玻璃體內注射之RTKi候選物的配方研究。
第2圖:CAPA-4101聚合物的腐蝕速率研究。
除非另外提及,所有以百分率表示的成份數量為重量百分比/重量詞(wt.%)。
目前的藥物輸送治療選項常常是無效的,由於活性物質的無效輸送至目標部位。例如,室溫下為液體且不需溶劑的注射聚合物系統為POE聚合物,其已知具有相對快的分解時間,使得其不適合作為長效控制釋放藥物輸送載體。至於水溶性聚合物,其已經顯示在藥物輸送應用中,此類聚合物的使用在特定眼科治療應用中會造成發炎併發症。
本發明之水不溶性聚合物基質提供與目前的藥物輸送選項有關之問題的解法。例如,發明人已揭露獨特的注射聚合物基質,其允許活性成份長效持續釋放至一目標部位的便利給藥方法。此可容許降低服用頻率。聚合物網絡的緩慢分解將導致藥物的緩慢釋放。此外,因為分解的聚合物會產生酸性副產物,緩慢分解可使由酸性副產物(酸的局部濃度較低)導致的發炎症狀最小化,此發炎症狀常見於生物可溶蝕性聚合物材料。在特定例子中,活性物質的持續釋放至目標部位可延長超過數週至數月。分散在聚合物基質內的藥物化合物可以對其他器官較少的不良效應注射至特定目標部位。此使得影響當前社會的多種疾病及症狀可被治療或預防。
本發明的此些及其他態樣詳實描述於後續章節。
本發明之水不溶性聚合物基質可用於在預先設定的一段時間內控制釋放一活性物質至目標部位。在一特定態樣中,聚合物基質為生物可溶蝕性並具有低於60℃的熔點。基質也可具有從400至4000的平均分子量及/或在55℃時的100至2000 cps的黏性。
本發明之基質包括聚酯聚合物。可使用之聚酯聚合物的非限定範例包括聚(ε-己內酯)、聚(伸烷基二醇己二酸鹽),如聚(己二酸乙二醇酯)、聚(己二酸丙二醇酯)、聚(己二酸丁二醇酯),及其摻合物與共聚物。聚(己內酯)聚合物為較佳聚酯聚合物且可分別以商標TONETM
聚醇及CAPATM
聚醇從陶氏化學公司(位於美國密西根州密德蘭市)及Solvay Chemicals,Inc.(位於美國德州休士頓市)商業上取得。
在其他非限定態樣中,本發明之聚酯聚合物可選自於由下列組成的組群中:
其中R1
、R2
及R3
各自選自於由烷基及2至8個碳原子的烷氧基二醇、三醇及四醇組成的群組;w、w1
各自為4至12整數;w2
、w3
各自為1至12整數;w4
、w5
、w6
、w7
、w8
、w9
及w10
各自為0至12整數;n為4至9的整數;及m為2至8的整數。
R1
、R2
及R3
的烷基及烷氧基二醇、三醇及四醇的非限定範例包括丁二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、三甲基醇丙烷及異戊四醇。
在非限定態樣中,本發明之水不溶性聚合物基質可經由混合而溶解或分散藥物粉末於聚合物內以製備。為獲得無菌的藥物產品,可使用下列步驟:若被測試的藥物可溶於聚合物中,藥物粉末以溫和的加熱至50℃以分散於聚合物。接著使用0.22 μm膜過濾器無菌過濾負載藥物的聚合物,並充填至預先滅菌的注射器。若藥物不溶於聚合物,加熱聚合物至約50℃並無菌過濾。藥物以乾熱滅菌,γ滅菌作用、ETO滅菌作用或其他傳統方法於維持藥物完整性下滅菌藥物化合物。藥物粉末及加熱過的聚合物接著無菌地混合,並接著裝入預先滅菌的注射器。糊劑聚合物基質較佳地用於此種輸送形式,因為藥物可不必從基質沈澱出,並確保儲存期間的均勻濃度。糊劑可以是不透明或透明。
在特定態樣中,疏水性基質以當給藥至(如注射)主體時基質不必經歷物理變化的方式配製。此基本上包括半固體糊劑的組成物,因此注射可以使用尺寸不大於約22口徑的注射針進行。這種配方的優點為活性物質可在室溫混合活性物質與聚合物基質,且不需使用任何溶劑。
本發明之組成物一般包括至少50%的量之聚酯聚合物,較佳地為至少70%,及更佳地為至少80%。在某些實施例,組成物包括至少85%的量之聚酯聚合物。在其他實施例,本發明之組成物包括至少95%的量之聚酯聚合物。在另一實施例,組成物包括至少99%的量之聚酯聚合物。在一較佳實施例,聚酯聚合物為CAPA-4101。
在特定但非限定態樣中,本發明之水不溶性聚合物基質可包括活性物質。活性物質包括但不限定於,任何可用於引起預期作用成份、化合物、或小分子。本發明預期作用的非限定範例包括診斷及治療作用。例如,預期作用可包括疾病或症狀的診斷、醫治、緩和、治療、或預防。活性物質亦可影響主體之身體部份或器官的結構或功能。
在特定實施例中,活性物質為疏水性藥物。疏水性活性物質包括少量可溶於水溶液介質的藥劑(如,在以水溶液組成物給藥的濃度不能完全地溶解於介質中)。因此,視用法及濃度,活性物質在一種情況可被認為是水不溶性,但是在另一情況視為非水不溶性。然而,熟知此技藝者可知由本發明內容瞭解,活性物質不需是疏水性藥物。
1.眼科藥物
活性物質的一較佳類別包括眼科藥物。非限定的範例包括:抗青光眼劑、抗血管新生劑;抗感染劑;抗發炎劑;生長因子;免疫抑制劑;及抗過敏劑。抗青光眼劑包括貝他阻斷劑,如青眼露、貝特寧、左倍他洛爾(levobetaxolol)及美特朗;縮瞳劑,如毛果芸香;碳酸酐酶抑制劑,如布林佐胺(brinzolamide)及(杜塞酰胺)dorzolamide;前列腺素,如舒壓坦,比馬前列腺素及舒而坦;seretonergics;毒蕈鹸(muscarinics);多巴胺拮抗劑;及擬腎上腺素性拮抗劑,如安普樂定(apraclonidine)及溴莫尼定(brimonidine)。抗血管新生劑包括蟻酸阿奈可他(RETAANETM
,AlconTM
Laboratories,Inc.of Fort Worth,Tex.)及受體酪胺酸激脢抑制劑。抗感染劑包括喹諾酮,如環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、及加替沙星(gatifloxacin)及氨基苷糖,如妥布黴素(tobramycin)及健達黴素(gentamicin)。抗發炎劑包括非類固醇及類固醇抗發炎劑,如舒洛芬(suprofen)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、奈帕芬胺(nepafenac)、利美索龍(rimexolone)及四氫可的索(tetrahydrocortisol)。生長因子包括EGF。抗過敏劑包括O型抗敏因子及依匹斯汀。眼科藥物可由藥學上可接受鹽類的形式表示,如馬來酸噻嗎洛爾(timolol maleate)、酒石酸溴莫尼定(brimonidine tartrate)或雙氯芬酸鈉。
在一實施例,眼科藥物係選自於由已知降眼壓藥物類,如碳酸酐酶抑制劑、貝他阻斷劑、前列腺素、緩激肽拮抗劑、Rho-激脢抑制劑、CNP受體拮抗劑及鳥苷酸環化酶活化劑組成的群組。
儘管眼科藥物為本發明之較佳的活性物質,發明人考慮可使用其他活性物質。下述包括這些其他活性物質的非限定範例,且其可確認某些活性物質可通用於或完全相同於上述確定的眼科藥物。理由是某些眼科藥物可用來治療或預防其他疾病或症狀。進一步地,其也可能是某些下列活性物質在上述部份未被發現可用來治療眼科疾病或症狀。
活性物質如核酸、蛋白質及肽、荷爾蒙及類固醇、化學療法、NSAIDs、疫苗成份、止痛藥、抗生素、抗憂鬱藥等預期在本發明揭露之內容中為有用的。可使用的核酸之非限定範例包括DNA、cDNA、RNA、iRNA、siRNA、反意寡核酸、肽核酸、寡核苷酸或修改以改善安定性的核酸(如,硫逐磷酸酯、胺基磷酸酯或甲基磷酸酯)。
可用於本發明的蛋白質及肽包括但不限定於人類生長激素、牛生長荷爾蒙、血管內皮細胞生長因子、纖維母細胞生長因子、骨形成蛋白質、腫瘤壞死因子、紅血球生成素、血小板生成素、組織型胞漿素原活化劑及衍生物、胰島素、單株抗體(如,抗-人類表皮生長因子受體2(賀癌平(Herceptin))、抗-CD20(美羅華(Rituximab))、抗-CD18、抗-血管內皮細胞生長因子、抗-IgE、抗-CDlla)及其衍生物、單鏈抗體片段、人類脫氧核糖核酸脢I(鏈道酶(domase alfa)、普模然(Pulmozyme))、第1型干擾素、粒性細胞生長因子、黃體刺激荷爾蒙抑制劑肽、醋酸留普羅萊得、內皮細胞阻斷劑、血管新生阻斷劑、豬因子VIII凝血因子、複合干擾素-1及胰脂酶(胰消化酵素)。
可使用的荷爾蒙及類固醇之非限定範例包括乙炔類黃體酮、雌激素、黃體素、動情激素、睪固酮、潑尼松及類似物。類固醇之其他範例包括葡萄糖皮質素、孕激素、礦物質皮質素及皮質類固醇。例示之皮質類固醇包括可體松、氫化可體松、潑尼松、培尼皮質醇、甲基潑尼松、硬膜外類固醇、氟甲去氧潑尼松龍、合成糖皮質類固醇、羥孕酮、貝他每松、氯替潑諾(loteprednol)、氟新諾龍、二氟美松或莫美他松(mometasone)。類固醇其他範例包括雄激素如睪固酮、甲基睪丸素或雄性素。通常,類固醇是作為酯,乙縮醛或縮酮藥物前體服用,很多是水不溶性。在本發明揭露內容,這些藥物前體也被認為是類固醇。
可使用的化學療法包括但不限定於紫杉醇(太平洋紫杉醇)、長春鹼、順鉑、卡鉑、三苯氧胺及類似物。
NSAID的非限定範例包括匹洛西卡、阿斯匹靈、雙水楊酸酯(Amigesic)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal(Dolobid))、異布洛芬(Motrin)、可多普洛非(ketoprofen(Orudis))、奈丁美酮(nabumetone(Relafen))、炎痛喜康(piroxicam(Feldene))、拿百疼(naproxen(Aleve,Naprosyn))、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac(Voltaren))、吲哚美辛(indomethacin(Indocin))、舒林酸(sulindac(Clinoril))、痛滅錠(tolmetin(Tolectin))、伊多托雷(etodolac(Lodine))、酮咯酸(ketorolac(Toradol))、奧沙普秦(oxaprozin(Daypro))及塞來考昔(celecoxib(Celebrex))。
可使用的疫苗成份包括但不限定於B型肝炎、小兒痲痺、麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹、HIV、A型肝炎(如,赫寶克)、結核病等。
止痛藥的非限定範例包括但不限定於阿斯匹靈、乙醯胺酚、異布洛芬、那普洛仙鈉鹽及類似物。
抗生素包括但不限定於安莫西林、盤尼西林、磺胺藥、紅黴素、鏈黴素、四環素、開羅理黴素、妥布黴素(tobramycin)、賽普洛、特康那唑(terconazole)、阿齊黴素(azithromycin)及類似物。
抗憂鬱藥包括但不限定於樂復得、百憂解(Prozac)、克憂果(Paxil)、希普能、文法拉辛丑(venlafaxine)、馬來酸氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine maleate)、鹽酸伊米胺、鋰鹽、nefazodone及類似物。
額外活性成份的非限定範例可發現於Physician's Desk Reference 2000,54th Edition,ISBN:1563633302,AHFS 99 Drug Information,及Amer.Soc.of Health System,ISBN:1879907917,其等併入本文參考。
“疾病”或“有關健康的症狀”可以是主體之身體部份,器官、或系統的任何病理症狀。在特定的例子中,症狀可以是任何原因的結果,包括例如感染、基因缺陷及/或環境壓力。原因可能已知或未知。
可預期本發明藥學組成物可用來治療或預防多種的疾病或症狀。此些疾病及症狀的非限定範例包括眼科疾病或症狀、肺的相關疾病或症狀(如,一般感冒、流行性感冒、囊狀纖維化、肺氣腫、氣喘、結核病、嚴重急性呼吸道症候群、肺炎、肺癌等)、循環疾病或症狀、肌肉疾病或症狀、骨科疾病或症狀、感染、癌症、心臟疾病等。
在特定較佳實施例,治療的疾病或症狀為眼科疾病或症狀。非限定的範例包括乾眼症、瞼腺炎、青光眼、結膜炎、虹膜炎、眼部血管增生、黃斑水腫、眼部血管增生、糖尿病視網膜病變、老年性黃斑部退化、或與眼部發炎相關的任何症狀。
主體可以是已知或意識到在給予相關預防藥劑時無特定疾病或有關健康症狀的主體。主體,例如可以是沒有已知疾病或有關健康症狀的主體(即,健康的主體)。在某些實施例,主體為有發展特定疾病或有關的健康症狀風險的主體。例如,主體可具有在過去曾治療過敏結膜炎的病史,其有過敏結膜炎再復發的風險。
在本發明額外實施例中,方法包括確認需要治療的患者。患者可被確認例如依據患者病史、或依據臨床檢視的發現。
為提高本發明之組成物的治療功效,其可期待將此組成物與其他在特定疾病或症狀的治療為治療有效者組合。本發明之組成物,例如可在其他藥劑治療之前或之後以數分鐘至週間隔。可預期一投藥可在二種型式於彼此在約12-24小時內進行,且更佳地彼此在約6-12小時內。在某些情況,其可期待顯著延長治療時間,在個別的用法為數天(2、3、4、5、6或7)、數週(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)或甚至數月(1、2、3、4、5、6或更長)的流逝。
可採用多種組合,當“A”代表本發明組成物及“B”代表第二藥劑或療法:A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A。
本發明之一實施例包括經由給予包括水不溶性聚合物基質及/或本發明活性物質之藥學組成物至主體的治療、預防、或診斷特定疾病或症狀的方法。用法可為局部的或全身的。藥學組成物的有效劑量通常定義為足夠的數量以改善、降低、最小化或限制疾病或症狀的程度。更精密的定義可適用於包括疾病或症狀的消除、根除或醫治。
1.藥學組成物
本發明之藥學組成物可包括水不溶性聚合物基質。在特定態樣中,活性物質分散遍及基質。“藥用或藥學上可接受”一詞可包括但不限定於分子實體及當提供給主體例如人類時,不會產生有害的、過敏或其他不適宜反應的組成物。藥學組成物的製備對熟知此技藝者而言是已知的。Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18th Ed.Mack Printing Company,1990。此外,用於動物(如,人類)的給藥,較佳地是製劑滿足FDA生物標準區要求的無菌度、發熱性、一般安全性及純度標準。
“有效劑量”為指有效地對接受者產生有益結果的數量。一開始,這些數量可由回顧發表的文獻、進行試管測試或進行健康實驗動物的新陳代謝研究而決定。在使用於臨床環境前,在動物模型進行確認研究是有益的,較佳地為將進行治療之特定疾病之廣泛接受的動物模型。用於特定實施例的較佳動物模型為囓齒動物模型,其為較佳的是因為較為經濟,且特別是,因為獲得的結果廣泛地被接受為臨床意義的預測。
“藥學上可接受的載體”包括任何及所有溶劑、分散介質、覆膜、介面活性物質、抗氧化劑、防腐劑(如,抗菌劑、抗真菌劑)、等張劑、吸收可持續劑、鹽類、防腐劑、藥物、藥物安定劑、凝膠劑、黏合劑、賦形劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、甘味劑、調味劑、染料、類似材料及其組合,其對熟知此技藝者為已知(Remington’s,1990)。
本發明組成物給予主體的實際劑量可由身體及生理因子決定如體重、症狀的嚴重度、進行治療之疾病的形式、先前或同時進行的治療介入、患者的自發病及給藥途徑。負責給藥的的人將在任何情況決定組成物中活性成份的濃度及對個別主體的適當劑量。
在特定非限定的實施例中,藥學組成物可包括,例如至少約0.001重量%之活性成份。在其他實施例,活性成份可包括約組成物重量之0.002%至約50%,及任何落於其中的範圍。在其他實施例,活性成份可包括組成物之約0.5%至約5%。在進一步實施例,活性物質濃度為約5%至約30%。在更進一步實施例,裝置內的活性物質濃度為約10重量%至約20重量%。
組成物可配製為自由鹼基、中性或鹽類形式的組成物。藥學上可接受的鹽類,包括酸添加鹽類,如與蛋白質組成物之自由胺基群組形成,或與無機酸例如鹽酸或磷酸,或有機酸如醋酸、草酸、酒石酸或苦杏仁酸形成的。與自由羧基形成的鹽類也可衍生自無機鹼基例如鈉、鉀、銨、鈣或氫氧化鐵;或有機鹼基如異丙胺、三甲胺、組胺酸或普魯卡因。
組成物此外可含至多50%可混溶於上述聚酯聚合物的水可混溶的有機液體。在某些實施例中,水可混溶的有機液體的數量為20%或更少。可混溶的有機液體範例為丙二醇及低分子量聚乙二醇如PEG-400及PEG-600。這些液體也是水溶性且因此將改變藥物釋放曲線及在活體的聚酯聚合物基質的腐蝕速率。此外,這些有機液體降低藥物載入基質的黏性。
在實施例,當組成物為液體形式,載體可以是溶劑或分散介質包括但未限定為水、乙醇、聚醇(如甘油、丙二醇、液體聚乙二醇等)、脂質(如三酸甘油酯、蔬菜油、微脂粒)及其組合。在很多實例中,其將較佳的包括等張劑,例如糖、氯化鈉或其組合。無菌注射溶液之製備可藉由將活性化合物以需要的量與若需要之前述例示的其他成份併入適當的溶劑,接著過濾滅菌。一般而言,分散液之製備係藉由將不同的無菌活性成份併入無菌載體,其含有基本之分散介質及/或其他成份。在用於無菌注射溶液、懸浮液或乳劑之製劑的無菌粉末案例,製備的較佳方法為真空乾燥或冷凍乾燥技術,其產生活性成份粉末加上從其先前無菌過濾之液體介質的任何額外的預期成份。液體介質若需要應適當地緩衝化,且液體稀釋液在隨著足夠的食鹽水或葡萄糖注射前先成為等張的。亦揭露用於直接注射之高濃縮組成物的製備,其預想使用DMSO為溶劑以達成很快的穿透、輸送高濃度的活性物質至小區域。
在其他實施例中,在本發明可使用點眼劑、鼻用溶液或噴霧劑、氣化噴霧劑或吸入劑。此些組成物通常設計為相容於目標組織類型。在一非限定的範例中,鼻用溶液通常是水溶液,設計為在滴劑或噴霧中給藥至鼻管。鼻用溶液的製備為使其在很多方面類似於鼻分泌物,以便維持正常纖毛活動。因此,在較佳實施例,鼻用水溶液通常是等滲透壓或些微的緩衝以維持pH於約5.5至約6.5的。此外,若需要,類似於使用於眼科製劑、藥物、或適當藥物安定劑的抗菌防腐劑可包括於配方中。例如,多種商業鼻用製劑為已知的且包括如抗生素或抗組織胺的藥物。
在特定實施例中,組成物係製備用於此些途徑如口服攝取服用。在這些實施例,固體組成物可包括例如溶液、懸浮液、乳劑、錠劑、丸劑、膠囊(如,硬或軟殼凝膠膠囊)、可持續釋放配方、頰內複合離子、口含錠、萬用配方、懸浮液、糖漿、圓片或其組合。口服組成物可與食物直接合併。用於口服用法的較佳載體包括惰性稀釋液,可食用載體或其組合。在本發明其他態樣中,口服組成物可製備為糖漿或萬用配方。糖漿或萬用配方可包括,例如,至少一活性物質、甘味劑、防腐劑、調味劑、染料、防腐劑或其組合。
組成物在製造及儲存狀態下應當是穩定的,及預防微生物,如細菌及真菌的污染作用。熟知此技藝者可了解濃度可依給定的組成物內成份的添加、取代、及/或減少而變化。
2.藥學組成物的控制或可持續釋放
本發明之藥學組成物可配製為控制地或可持續地釋放活性成份至目標部位。“控制釋放”、“可持續釋放”等詞及類似的名詞為描述活性物質輸送的模式,其當活性物質由傳輸的載體在一確定且可控制的速率於一段時間釋放時發生,而不是在施用或注射時立即分散。控制或可持續釋放可延長至數小時、天、月、或年,且可以多種因子的作用而改變。例如,釋放速率可依據選擇的賦形劑形式及/或組成物中賦形劑的濃度。另一釋放速率的決定因素為在本發明水不溶性聚合物基質之單體單元間及內之連結的水解速率。水解速率可由聚合物濃度控制及/或在特定的聚合物內的水解鍵數目而定。其他決定藥學組成物之活性物質釋放速率的因素包括目標部位的酸性、溫度或溼度、存在於目標部位的酵素、蛋白質或其他分子、或分散於基質內活性物質之物理或化學性質。
3.用法途徑
本發明組成物可以下列形式給藥:靜脈內、皮內、動脈內、腹腔內、受損傷內、頭蓋骨內、關節內、前列腺內、胸腔內、氣管內、鼻內、玻璃體內、陰道內、子宮內、直腸內、鞘內腔、局部的ly、腫瘤內、肌內、腹膜內、皮下注射、結膜下、小胞內、黏膜內、心包內、臍帶內、眼內、口服、局部、區域、吸入(如氣化噴霧劑吸入)、注射、輸注、連續輸注、直接之區域灌注浴標的細胞、經由導管、經由灌洗、於亂霜中、於脂質組成物(如,微脂粒)中,或藉由此技藝者已知的其他方法或前述之任何組合如(Remington’s,1990)。
在特定較佳實施例中,組成物區部或區域的給藥予主體的眼部。其考量可使用所有之眼部的區域途徑包括局部的、結膜下、眼周、眼球後、結膜下、前房內、玻璃體內、眼部內、視網膜下、眼後段側鞏膜、及脈絡膜上給藥。在特定實施例,配方適合於施用至哺乳動物眼部。
在一特別較佳實施例,組成物為非水溶液的液體組成物,其包括聚(己內酯)聚合物及可溶於聚(己內酯)聚合物的眼科藥物。此組成物具有優點為其可以液體製備、無菌的(無菌過濾)、儲存、運送、及服用。例如,此液體組成物可包裝於預先裝載的注射器且注射進(如透過22-口徑注射針或更小,特別是27-或30-口徑注射針)眼睛玻璃體或其他部份。
描述於申請專利範圍及說明書之本發明組成物的內容物及成份可由任何熟知此技藝者已知的方式獲得。在一非限定的實施例中,例如這些成份可藉由取得此些化合物、藥劑及活性成份源而分離。在很多實例,這些成份是可商業取得的。
F.改質及衍生物
揭露於遍及本說明書之成份的修飾或衍生物預計為可於本發明的方法及組成物。可製備衍生物,且這些衍生物的性質可由任何熟知此技藝者已知的方法測定其預期的性質。
在特定的態樣中,“衍生物”為化學改質化合物,其仍保留化合物在化學改質之前的預期效用。此衍生物可具有在母分子上一或多個化學基的加入、移除或取代。揭露於本說明書中對化合物及結構所做的此型式改質之非限定範例包括低級烷烴如甲基、乙基、丙基的加入或移除;或低級烷烴如羥甲基或胺甲基;羧基及羰基;氫氧基;硝基、胺基、醯胺基及偶氮基;硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、磺胺二甲噁唑、氫硫基、磺醯、亞碸、磷酸鹽、膦基、磷醯基及鹵素取代基的之取代。額外的改質可包括原子框架之一或多個原子的增加或移除,例如,丙基取代乙基;較大或較小芳香族群組取代苯基。可替代地,在一環或二環結構,異質原子如N、S、或O可被替換進結構取代碳原子。
討論於本說明書的成份之已知及未知等效物可用於本發明組成物及方法。在某些例子,例如等效物可用為取代物。等效物也可用來加進本發明方法及組成物。熟知此技藝者不需過度的實驗即能識別及確認可接受的成份之已知及未知等效物。
本發明組成物可包括其他藥劑、化合物、及賦形劑如乳劑。非限定的範例包括介面活性物質、防腐劑、安定劑、構造化劑、增稠劑及脂質。
1.介面活性物質
本發明之組成物也可包括一或多個介面活性物質。介面活性物質可降低相之間的介面張力,並改善配方及配方安定性。介面活性物質可以是非離子、陽離子、陰離子及兩性離子乳化劑(參見McCutcheon’s(1986);美國專利第5,011,681;4,421,769;3,755,560號)。非限定範例包括甘油酯類、丙二醇酯類、聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯、聚丙二醇的脂肪酸酯、山梨醇酯類、山梨酣酯類、羧酸共聚物、葡萄糖酯類及醚類、乙氧基醚、乙氧基醇、烷基磷酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醚磷酸酯、脂肪酸醯胺、醯基乳酸酯、肥皂、TEA硬脂酸、DEA oleth-3磷酸酯、聚乙二醇20脫水山梨醇月桂酸酯(聚山梨酸酯20)、聚乙二醇5大豆固醇、硬脂醇聚醚-2、硬脂醇聚醚-20、硬脂醇聚醚-21、鯨蠟硬脂醇醚-20、PPG-2甲基葡萄糖醚二硬脂酸、鯨蠟醇聚醚-10、鯨蠟磷酸酯、鯨蠟磷酸酯鉀、二乙醇胺鯨蠟磷酸酯、聚山梨酸酯20、聚山梨酸酯60、聚山梨酸酯80、甘油硬脂酸、PEG-100硬脂酸、四丁酚醛、及其混合物。
2.防腐劑
可用於本發明內容之防腐劑非限定範例包括四級銨防腐劑如聚季銨鹽-1及鹵化苯甲烴胺(如,氯化苯二甲烴銨(“BAC”)及溴化苯甲烴胺)、對羥基苯甲酸酯(如,對羥基苯甲酸甲酯及對羥基苯甲酸丙酯)、氯丁醇、酚、山梨酸、水楊乙汞或其組合。
3.安定劑
可用於本發明內容防腐劑的非限定範例包括螯合劑及抗氧化劑。螯合劑範例包括但不限定於任何自然或合成的化學品,其有能力鍵結二價陽離子金屬如Ca++
、Mn++
或Mg++
。在較佳態樣,螯合劑選自於EDTA、二鈉EDTA、EGTA、檸檬酸及二羧酸。
抗氧化劑範例包括但不限定於乙醯基半胱氨酸、抗壞血酸、抗壞血酸聚肽、抗壞血酸二棕櫚酸酯、維他命C、抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯、抗壞血酸硬脂酸酯、BHA、BHT、t-丁基對苯二酚、半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸HCI、二戊基對苯二酚、二-t-丁基對苯二酚、硫二丙酸二(十六基)酯、二油烯生育酚甲基矽烷醇、抗壞血酸硫酸酯二鈉、硫二丙酸二(十八基)酯、硫二丙酸二(十三基)酯、沒食子酸十二烷酯、異抗壞血酸、抗壞血酸酯類、阿魏酸乙酯、阿魏酸、棓酸酯、對苯二酚、異辛基乙硫醇酯、麴酸、抗壞血酸鎂、磷酸抗壞血酸鎂、甲基矽烷醇抗壞血酸、天然植物性抗氧化劑如綠茶或葡萄子萃取物、正二氫癒創酸、棓酸辛酯、苯基硫代甘醇酸、磷酸抗壞血酸生育酚鉀、亞硫酸鉀、棓酸丙酯、醌、迷迭香酸、抗壞血酸鈉、亞硫酸氫鈉、異抗壞血酸鈉、偏重亞硫酸氫鈉、亞硫酸鈉、超氧化物歧化酶、巰基乙酸鈉、山梨醇縮糠醛、硫二甘醇、硫化二甘醇醯胺、硫二乙酸、巰基乙酸、硫代乳酸、硫代柳酸、生育酚聚醚-5、生育酚聚醚-10、生育酚聚醚-12、生育酚聚醚-18、生育酚聚醚-50、生育酚、水溶性維生素E、生育酚乙酸酯、維生素E醋酸鹽、生育酚煙酸酯、丁二酸生育酚及三壬苯基亞磷酸酯。
4.構造化劑
在其他非限定的態樣,本發明之組成物可包括構造化劑。構造化劑,在特定態樣中,可助於提供組成物流性學特徵以助於組成物的安定性。在其他態樣,構造化劑也可作用為乳化劑或介面活性物質。構造化劑的非限定範例包括硬脂酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸醇、鯨蠟醇、山萮醇、硬脂酸、棕櫚酸、具有平均約1至約21環氧乙烷單元之硬脂酸醇的聚乙二醇醚、具有平均約1至約5環氧乙烷單元及其混合物之鯨蠟醇的聚乙二醇醚。
5.增稠劑(包括增稠劑及膠化劑)
在特定實施例中,本發明之組成物可包括一或多個增稠劑。非限定的範例包括羧酸聚合物、交聯聚丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚丙醯胺聚合物、多醣體及膠。
羧酸聚合物範例包括含衍生自丙烯酸、取代丙烯酸、這些丙烯酸與取代丙烯酸的酯類與鹽類之一或更多聚合物單體的交聯化合物,其中交聯劑含二或更多碳-碳雙鍵且衍生自多元醇(參見美國專利第5,087,445;4,509,949;2,798,053號;CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary,Fourth edition,1991,pp.12及80)。商業上可取得的羧酸聚合物範例包括carbomers,其為與蔗糖或季戊四醇的烯丙基醚交聯的丙烯酸均聚合物(如,來自B.F.Goodrich的CarbopolTM
900系列)。
交聯聚丙烯酸酯聚合物範例包括陽離子及非離子的聚合物。範例描述於美國專利第5,100,660;4,849,484;4,835,206;4,628,078;4,599,379號中。
聚丙醯胺聚合物範例(包括非離子聚丙醯胺聚合物,其包括取代的支鏈或非支鏈聚合物)包括聚丙醯胺、異烷烴及月桂醇聚醚-7、丙烯醯胺的多嵌塊共聚物及含丙烯酸及取代丙烯酸的取代丙烯醯胺。
多醣體範例包括纖維素、羧甲基羥乙基纖維素、蟻酸丙酸羧酸纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥乙基乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、甲基羥乙基纖維素、微晶纖維素、硫酸鈉纖維素及其混合物。另一範例為烷基取代纖維素,其中纖維素聚合物的羥基群組為羥烷基化(較佳地為羥乙基化或羥丙基化)以形成羥烷基化纖維素,其接著進一步在醚連結以C10
-C30
直鏈或支鏈烷基改質。基本上,這些聚合物為含羥烷基纖維素的C10
-C30
直鏈或支鏈醇類的醚類。其他有用的多醣體包括每三單元具有一(1-6)鏈結葡萄糖之(1-3)鏈結葡萄糖單元的線性鏈之硬葡聚糖。
可用於本發明的膠的範例包括阿拉伯膠、石花菜、藻膠、藻酸、海藻酸銨、膠澱粉、海藻酸鈣、角叉菜酸鈣、左旋肉鹼、角叉菜酸、糊精、明膠、結冷膠、瓜耳膠、瓜兒膠羥丙基三甲基氯化銨、矽酸鎂鋰、透明質酸、水合二氧化矽、羥丙基甲殼素、羥丙基瓜兒膠、刺梧桐膠、海草、刺槐豆膠、納托膠、海藻酸鉀、角叉菜酸鉀、海藻酸丙二醇、菌類植物膠、羧甲基糊精鈉、角叉菜酸鈉、山羊刺樹膠、黃原膠及其混合物。
6.脂質
可用於本發明組成物之脂質的非限定範例包括中性脂質,其在生理pH下為不帶電或中性兩性離子形式。範例包括磷酸脂,如磷脂醯膽鹼、神經鞘磷脂、磷脂醯乙醇胺、磷脂絲胺酸、磷脂醯肌醇、磷脂酸、棕櫚醯油醯磷脂醯膽鹼、脫脂酸磷脂醯膽鹼、脫脂酸磷脂醯乙醇胺、二棕櫚醯磷脂醯膽鹼、二油醯磷脂醯膽鹼、二硬酯酸磷脂醯膽鹼及二亞麻油酸磷脂醯膽鹼。
脂質可以是陽離子脂質,或在生理pH值帶淨正電荷的脂質。此些陽離子脂質包括,但不限定於,N,N-二油烯-N,N-二甲基氯化銨(“DODAC”);N-(2,3-二油烯氧基)丙基-N,N-N-三乙基氯化銨(“DOTMA”);N,N-二(十八烷基)-N,N-二甲基溴化銨(“DDAB”);N-(2,3-二油醯羥基)丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化銨(“DOTAP”);3.β-(N-(N',N'-二甲基氨乙基)-胺基甲醯)膽固醇(“DC-Chol”)、N-(1-(2,3-二油烯氧基)丙基)-N-2-(精胺甲醯胺)乙基)-N,N-二甲基-銨三氟醋酸酯(“DOSPA”)、雙十八烷基醯胺甘胺醯羧基精胺(“DOGS”)、1,2-dileoyl-sn-3-磷乙醇胺(“DOPE”);N-(1,2-肉荳蔻基氧基丙-3-基)-N,N-二甲基-N-羥乙基溴化銨(“DMRIE”);硬脂胺;二甲基二(十八烷基)溴化銨;3B-[N',N'-二甲基氨乙基]-胺基甲醯、硬脂胺、DC-膽固醇、二甲基二(十八烷基)溴化銨、或3B-[N',N'-二甲基氨乙基]-胺基甲醯。
在本發明進一步實施例,提供一套件。此套件可包括,在非限定的態樣,本發明藥學組成物及其他描述於申請專利範圍及說明書的成份。套件的容器可包括瓶、分配器、封裝、隔室、注射器、注射針(如,7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、31、32、33等的口徑。)或其他形式的容器。容器可包括表面上的指標。指標,例如,可以是字、詞組、縮寫、圖形或符號。
容器可配製預先設定數量的成份(如本發明之組成物)。組成物可被分散於噴霧器、氣化噴霧劑、或液體形式或半固體形式。容器可具有噴霧器、幫浦或擠壓機制。在特定態樣中,套件可包括用來給予本發明之組成物的注射器。
在具有多於一個零件在套件內(其可包裝在一起),套件也將通常包含第二、第三或其他額外的容器以可分離放置額外成份。本發明套件也可包括一容器以容裝成份於一密閉容器內而進行商業銷售。此容器可包括射出成型或吹模塑膠容器以保持所欲的瓶、分配器或封裝。
套件也可包括使用套件零件的用法說明,同樣地任何其他組成物的使用,化合物,藥劑,活性成份,或不包括於套件的物件。用法說明可包括可施行的變化。用法說明可包括,例如如何應用,使用及維持產物或組成物的說明。
下列實施例用來說明本發明特定但非限定的態樣。熟於是項技術人士應瞭解在實施例中揭露的技術為由本發明人發現以執行本發明的實施。然而,熟於是項技術人士應可基於本發明說明書之揭露而瞭解在未偏離本發明精神及範疇下在揭露特定實施例可進行許多改變但仍可獲得相似或類似的結果。
非限定的實施例之水不溶性聚合物基質的製備
本發明之水不溶性聚合物基質可藉由混合而溶解或分散藥物粉末於聚合物中以製備。為獲得無菌的藥品產物,可使用下列步驟:假如測試藥物可溶於聚合物,藥物粉末以温和加熱至50℃而分散於聚合物系統。接著使用0.22 mm膜過濾器無菌過濾含藥物的聚合物且裝入預先消毒的注射器。假如藥物不溶於聚合物,加熱聚合物至約50℃並無菌過濾。藥物的滅菌係藉由乾熱、伽馬消毒、ETO消毒或其他習知方法在維持藥物完整性下滅菌藥物化合物。接著無菌混合藥物粉末及加熱之聚合物並接著裝入預先消毒的注射器。糊劑聚合物基質是較佳的用於此種形式的輸送,因為藥物將不必從基質沈澱出,且確保儲存期間的均勻濃度。
非限定的水不溶性聚合物基質的特性
下列表1包括可用於本發明內容之水不溶性聚合物基質的非限定範例。這些聚合物係基於聚己內酯。這些聚合物的物理性質及其商業可得性列於表1:
在80℃真空烤箱5小時,揮發性不純物以重量評估。
表1聚合物的腐蝕速率監測儲存在pH 7.4的磷酸生理食鹽水(PBS)後的重量損失來測定。在37℃時暴露聚合物至PBS食鹽水後測定重量損失。移除食鹽水且乾燥藥瓶,並測定重量損失。2週及4週後的腐蝕速率列於表2。鹽溶液的pH值(原先為pH 7.4)也紀錄於下。
組成物之非限定的範例
在本發明揭露中製備受體酪胺酸激脢抑制劑(RTKi)候選物於分子量為1000聚己內酯的四官能基終端之聚醇的組成物。發現藥物可以高於1% w/w溶於在室温為液體之CAPA 4101,如顯示於表3及4。
上述組成物經由分散液體並添加藥物固體至液體而製備,且容許藥物混合地溶解於聚合物。接著使用0.22 μm過濾器無菌過濾藥物組成物並裝入預先消毒的注射器。兩組成物皆為透明的。
上述組成物中藥物的熱安定性被測定且列於下列表4。結果顯示在50℃的合理安定性,支持室溫時超過一年的貨架安定性。
組成物的效用
氧引發視網膜病變(OIR)的老鼠模型上進行表3(上述範例2)組成物B對眼後段部位的血管新生的篩選。
懷孕之大白鼠(Sprague-Dawley rats)在14天懷孕期取得並接著在第22±1天懷孕期生產。在分娩後立刻將小白鼠收集並隨意分為數窩(n=17小白鼠/窩),置於分離的配有氧氧傳送室之鞋盒籠,並在產後0-14天進行雙重50氧曝露數量曲線。同窩鼠接著在第14/0天至14/6天(產後14-20天)放置於室內大氣中。此外在14/0天,每隻幼鼠隨機指定至治療組及控制組。
在14/6天(產後20天),所有動物安樂死。安樂死後,即刻採集所有幼鼠的視網膜,固定於10%中性緩緩之福馬林中24小時,進行ADPase染色,並全量固定於玻片上。當視網膜處理時,可藉由經解剖範圍的觀察確定血管染色成功。使用Nikon Eclipse E800顯微鏡及Photometrics CoolSNAP fxdigital照相機以取得適當製備之每一視網平面放置的影像。使用Metamorph軟體的電腦影像分析用來從每一可讀取樣本獲得NV鐘時等級。評估每一視網之12總數的每一鐘時之存有或不存有前視網膜。使用來自每一治療組NV鐘時之中位數的統計比較係應用在非參數分析。因為幼鼠隨意指定且在所有同窩鼠之對照幼鼠的NV等級間沒有觀察到差異,組合所有治療組之NV等級。P0.05係認定為統計上顯著者。
第1圖顯示其結果。測試的RTKi組成物(組成物B)顯示沒有不良視網膜影響的良好的功效。
在兔眼部之安全性藉由於右眼中於玻璃體內注射100 ml測試物件或BSS(Alcon Labratories公司)灌洗溶液(為對照組)以評估最後實施例之聚合物基質的2週眼部可接受性。在此研究中使用3隻白色紐西蘭F1著色的兔子fer arm。所有注射是用27或30口徑注射器注射針。在觀察週期,評估一般健康觀察、體重、細隙燈顯微鏡、間接觀察、角膜厚度(角膜厚度測量儀)及眼內壓力。在14天觀察週期後,將動物安樂死。使用顯微鏡檢查眼睛及眼附屬器。沒有觀察到有關於一般健康觀察、體重或包括細隙燈顯微鏡、間接評量、角膜厚度或眼內壓力之眼部觀察的顯著發現。在解剖上並未觀察到肉眼病變。任一被處理的兔子上未觀到與測試物件有關的改變。
實施例5
腐蝕研究
CAPA-4101腐蝕速率是藉由製備在20 ml鹽溶液含0.5 g聚合物的重複樣本進行重量評估。乾燥聚合物並在設定的時間條件測重(n=2在每一時間點)及重量損失紀錄於第2圖。顯示於第2圖的結果指出聚合物的緩慢腐蝕超過數個月。
在本說明書中所有揭露的及申請專利範圍的組成物及/或方法可基於本說明的揭露在未經過多實驗下完成及執行。雖然本發明組成物及方法已依據較佳實施例描述,但熟於是項技術人士可顯見在未偏離本發明觀念、精神及範疇下多種變異可用於本發明說明書所描述之組成物及/或方法及方法步驟或方法步驟的順序。更詳言之,顯見化學及生理相關的特定藥劑可取代本文所述之藥劑,同時可獲相同或相似結果。所有此些對於熟於是項技術人夲為顯見的相似取代及修飾視為後附申請專利範圍中界定之精神、範疇及技術思想內。
下列參考文獻對於本說書的陳述提供範例步驟或其他詳細的補充至一範圍,其等併入本說明書參考。
美國專利第2,798,053號美國專利第3,755,560號美國專利第4,079,038號美國專利第4,093,709號美國專利第4,131,648號美國專利第4,138,344號美國專利第4,180,646號美國專利第4,304,767號美國專利第4,421,769號美國專利第4,509,949號美國專利第4,599,379號美國專利第4,628,078號美國專利第4,835,206號美國專利第4,849,484號美國專利第5,011,681號美國專利第5,087,445號美國專利第5,100,660號美國專利第5,648,506號美國專利第6,995,186號美國專利公告案第2003/0055102號美國專利公告案第2005/0158387號美國專利公告案第2006/0009498號AHFS 99 Drug Information Amer.Soc.Of Health System,ISBN:1879907917 CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary,Fourth edition,1991,第12及80頁McCutcheon’s,Detergents and Emulsifiers,North American Edition(1986)Physician’s Desk Reference,第54版,ISBN:1563633302,2000 Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Printing Company,第1289-1329頁,1990
第1圖:在老鼠OIR模型中,經由單一玻璃體內注射之RTKi候選物的配方研究。
第2圖:CAPA-4101聚合物的腐蝕速率研究。
Claims (22)
- 一種藥學組成物,其包括:(a)一生物可溶蝕性(bioerodible)水不溶性聚合物基質包括一聚酯聚合物,其中該聚合物基質具有少於60℃的熔點,且其中該聚酯聚合物具有400至4000之平均分子量,且其中該聚酯聚合物係為該組成物之至少80wt%;及(b)一活性物質分散於該聚合物基質內,其中該組成物被配製為在預先設定的一段時間可控制地釋放活性物質至目標部位,且其中該組成物係一不需組成物物理變化即可注射通過不大於22口徑之注射針的液體或漿體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該組成物包括高至20%(w/w)水可混溶的有機液體。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之藥學組成物,其中該水可混溶的有機液體係可混溶於該聚合物基質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該聚合物基質包括一聚合物選自於由聚(ε-己內酯)[poly(ε-caprolactone)s];聚(己二酸乙二醇酯)[poly(ethylene glycol adipate)s];聚(己二酸丙二醇酯)[poly(propylene glycol adipate)s];聚(己二酸丁二醇酯)[poly(butylene glycol adipate)s];及其摻合物與共聚物組成的群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之藥學組成物,其中該聚合物基質包括一聚(ε-己內酯)聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該聚合物基質包括一聚酯聚合物,其係選自由下列組成的組群中:
其中R1 、R2 及R3 為各自選自於由具2至8個碳原子的烷基及烷氧基之二醇、三醇及四醇組成的群組;w、w1 各自為4至12的整數;w2 、w3 各自為1至12的整數;w4 、w5 、w6 、w7 、w8 、w9 及w10 各自為0至12的整數;n為4至9的整數;及m為2至8的整數。 - 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之藥學組成物,其中R1 、R2 及R3 為獨立選自於由丁二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、三甲基醇丙烷(trimethylol propane)及異戊四醇(pentaerythritol)組成的群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該聚合物基質包括一具有化學式(C6 H10 O2 )x ‧(C5 H8 O4 )的聚合物,其中x為使聚合物具有約1000的平均分子量。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該聚合物基質具有在55℃時50至2000 cps的黏性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該活性物質為一眼科藥物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之藥學組成物,其中該眼科藥物具有抗感染或抗過敏性質。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之藥學組成物,其中該眼科藥物為選自於由碳酸酐酶抑制劑(carbonic anhydrase inhibitors);貝他阻斷劑(beta-blockers);前列腺素(prostaglandins);緩激肽拮抗劑(bradykinin agonists);Rho-激脢抑制劑(rho-kinase inhibitors);C型鈉尿肽受體拮抗劑(C-type natriuretic peptide receptor agonists)及鳥苷酸環化酶活化劑(guanylate cyclase activators)組成之群組的一降眼壓藥物(ocular hypotensive drug)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該組成物係配製為可注射糊劑或液體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物,其中該組成物係配製用於局部的應用。
- 一種治療有效量之如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物於製備用於治療眼科疾病之藥物的用途,其中該活性物質在預先設定的一段時間可控制地釋放至該眼之目標部位。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,其中該活性物質在給藥後至少4週可控制地釋放至目標部位。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,其中該活性物質為一眼科藥物。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,其中該聚酯聚合物具有下列結構:
其中R1 、R2 及R3 為各自選自於由具2至8個碳原子的烷基及烷氧基之二醇、三醇及四醇組成的群組;w、w1 各自為4至12的整數;w2 、w3 各自為1至12的整數;w4 、w5 、w6 、w7 、w8 、w9 及w10 各自為0至12的整數;n為4至9的整數;及m為2至8的整數。 - 一種治療有效量之如申請專利範圍第1項所述之藥學組成物於製備用於持續釋放藥物的用途,其中該活性物質係在預先設定的一段時間可控制地釋放至一主體之目標部位。
- 如申請專利範圍第15或19項所述之用途,其中該組成物為一非水溶液組成物可藉由滅菌過濾被滅菌,且該組成物包括一聚(己內酯)聚合物與一可溶於該聚(己內酯)聚合物的眼科藥物。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項所述之用途,其中該眼科藥物為一抗血管新生藥劑且該聚(己內酯)聚合物為一具有分子式(C6 H10 O2 )x ‧(C5 H8 O4 )的聚合物,其中x為可使聚合物具有平均分子量為約1000。
- 一種包括如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組成物及一注射器之套件。
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- 2007-11-08 KR KR1020147004349A patent/KR20140032505A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2007-11-08 MX MX2009004856A patent/MX2009004856A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-11-08 ZA ZA200902587A patent/ZA200902587B/xx unknown
- 2007-11-08 JP JP2009536472A patent/JP5411703B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-08 US US11/936,914 patent/US8632809B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-08 KR KR1020097011149A patent/KR20090082447A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2007-11-08 AR ARP070104980A patent/AR063621A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-11-08 CA CA002668814A patent/CA2668814A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-11-08 EP EP07871406.0A patent/EP2091514B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-11-08 ES ES11186042.5T patent/ES2477993T3/es active Active
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- 2007-11-08 CN CN2007800415722A patent/CN101553206B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-08 PL PL07871406T patent/PL2091514T3/pl unknown
- 2007-11-08 TW TW096142200A patent/TWI409081B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-08 BR BRPI0718696-7A patent/BRPI0718696A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-08 AU AU2007325409A patent/AU2007325409B2/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2409687B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
| JP2010509361A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
| CN101553206A (zh) | 2009-10-07 |
| KR20090082447A (ko) | 2009-07-30 |
| WO2008067127A3 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
| US20080113027A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| CN101553206B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
| EP2091514B1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
| AU2007325409A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
| BRPI0718696A2 (pt) | 2013-12-31 |
| US8632809B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
| MX2009004856A (es) | 2009-06-05 |
| ES2421206T3 (es) | 2013-08-29 |
| KR20140032505A (ko) | 2014-03-14 |
| TW200826963A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
| AU2007325409B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
| JP2013129679A (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
| ES2477993T3 (es) | 2014-07-18 |
| ZA200902587B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| EP2091514A2 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| PL2091514T3 (pl) | 2014-03-31 |
| JP5411703B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
| AR063621A1 (es) | 2009-02-04 |
| CA2668814A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
| HK1132173A1 (zh) | 2010-02-19 |
| EP2409687A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| WO2008067127A2 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
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