TWI409061B - 莫達非尼於縮短抗抑鬱劑效果的開始時間的用途 - Google Patents
莫達非尼於縮短抗抑鬱劑效果的開始時間的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI409061B TWI409061B TW093113421A TW93113421A TWI409061B TW I409061 B TWI409061 B TW I409061B TW 093113421 A TW093113421 A TW 093113421A TW 93113421 A TW93113421 A TW 93113421A TW I409061 B TWI409061 B TW I409061B
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- Prior art keywords
- modafinil
- antidepressant
- hydrochloride
- ssri
- patent application
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- JJSHYECKYLDYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thozalinone Chemical compound O1C(N(C)C)=NC(=O)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JJSHYECKYLDYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBJUNZJWGZTSKL-MRXNPFEDSA-N tiagabine Chemical compound C1=CSC(C(=CCCN2C[C@@H](CCC2)C(O)=O)C2=C(C=CS2)C)=C1C PBJUNZJWGZTSKL-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZSCDBOWYZJWBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC(CN(C)C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 ZSCDBOWYZJWBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical class OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N venlafaxine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CJGOZEVWXQGMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zometapine Chemical compound CN1NC(C)=C2C1=NCCN=C2C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 CJGOZEVWXQGMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/138—Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4525—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
1.莫達非尼
莫達非尼(C15
H15
NO2
S)也已知為2-(二苯甲基亞磺醯)乙醯胺或2-〔(二苯甲基)亞磺醯〕乙醯胺,是具有促進清醒活性的乙醯胺衍生化合物,它的化學結構在法國第7,805,510號專利和美國第4,177,290號專利中(’290)都有記載,並經美國食品暨藥物管理局核准用於治療白天過度嗜睡之相關嗜睡疾病。在‘290專利中有闡述製備外消旋混合物的方法,而製備左旋異構物的方法在美國第4,927,855號專利中亦有說明(兩者均以引用方式納入本文中)。據報告顯示左旋異構物對於嗜睡症、沮喪、阿滋海默症具有療效,並特別對於老年人的痴呆症狀及失憶具有活性。
莫達非尼主要的藥理學活性在於促進清醒。莫達非尼可促進大鼠(Touret等人,1995;Edgar和Seidel,1997)、貓(Lin等人,1992)、犬(Shelton等,1995)和非人類的靈長類(Hernant等,1991)以及在模擬臨床症狀的模式諸如睡眠窒息(英國牛頭犬睡眠不規則呼吸模式)(Panckeri等,1996)及嗜睡症(嗜睡犬)(Shelton等,1995)清醒。
莫達非尼亦被敘述為在中樞神經具有活性的作用劑,對於治療帕金森氏症(美國第5,180,745號專利)、預防大腦組織缺血(美國第5,391,576號專利)、治療大小便
失禁(美國第5,401,776號專利)以及治療睡眠窒息和中樞神經不協調(美國第5,612,379號專利)均為有效的作用劑。美國第5,618,845號專利中敘述了顆粒大小小於約200微米的莫達非尼製劑。另外,莫達非尼也可以應用於治療飲食不正常或促進人類或動物的體重增加、刺激食慾(美國第6,455,588號專利,以引用方式納入本文),或是治療注意力不集中與反應過度症(ADHD)(美國第6,346,548號專利,以引用方式納入本文)或疲勞,特別是多發性硬化有關的疲勞(美國第6,488,164號專利,以引用方式納入本文)。
莫達非尼已被證實對於嗜睡症、瞌睡、過度瞌睡(例如睡眠不正常或失眠引起的嗜睡)、白天過度嗜睡之相關嗜睡疾病、帕金森氏症、大小便失禁、多發性硬化有關的疲勞、ADHD、阿滋海默症、睡眠窒息、阻塞性睡眠窒息、沮喪與局部缺血具有療效。
嗜眼病是一種慢性疾病,其特徵在於間歇性昏睡、持續性的過度日間睡眠及異常的快速動眼(“REM”)睡眠表現,例如,睡眠開始的快速動眼期、猝倒症、睡眠癱瘓症以及入眠幻覺或兩者。大部分患有嗜眠病的患者也具有中斷的夜間睡眠。病理上的困倦,無論是由嗜眠病或其他原因引起,都是有缺陷的以及潛在的危險。不同於嗜眠病,病理上困倦的原因包括慢性睡眠減少、睡眠窒息症以及其他的睡眠疾病。無論是否由嗜眠病或其他原因引起,病理上的困倦都會產生非計劃中的睡眠、減少注意力以及表現
錯誤的事件。結果,這會連結到各種運輸及工業的意外。可減少或消除病理上困倦的治療作用劑,不僅對於個別的患者,而且還對於公共衛生及安全,將具有重要的影響。
已有提出莫達非尼的其他用途。美國專利第5,180,745號揭露莫達非尼用於在動物中提供神經保護作用的用途,特別是用於帕金森氏病的治療。莫達非尼的左旋形式,也就是(-)二苯甲基亞磺醯-乙醯胺,可對於治療抑鬱、嗜睡症及阿滋海默氏病具有潛在的利益(美國專利第4,927,855號)。歐洲公開申請案547952揭露莫達非尼作為抗缺血作用劑的用途。歐洲公開申請案594507揭露莫達非尼可治療尿失禁的用途。
美國專利第RE37,516號揭露一定義顆粒大小的醫藥組合物,特別是在組合物中95%累積總有效量的莫達非尼顆粒具有直徑小於約200微米的組合物。
2.抗抑鬱劑
抗抑鬱劑,包括選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRIs),已在抑鬱、特定形式的焦慮及社交恐懼症的治療中,成為第一選擇的治療劑。在部份例子中,選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑可能是更受喜愛的,因為相較於典型的三環類抗抑鬱劑,它們是有效的、相當耐受性的,並且具有有利的安全性數據。
然而,可能有與任何抗抑鬱劑有關的問題。目前的抗抑鬱劑治療在達到反應或緩解中,可顯示延遲的開始及適度的比例。例如,在第六週對選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑
(SSRI)氟西汀(fluoxetin)的反應是約50%。在第八週,選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑的緩解率是約35%。對於抗抑鬱劑治療,主要的抑鬱疾病之延遲的、不完全的以及缺少反應,許多原因可能是有問題的,包括過早的治療中斷。有時在治療第一週的期間,症狀甚至更惡化。在其他例子中,非順從性可能與副作用有關,包括性功能障礙。
疲勞及過度睡意是主要的抑鬱疾病的症狀,並且可能是與抗抑鬱劑治療有關的不利經驗,並且通常是以選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑抗抑鬱劑治療而不適治療的殘留症狀。
此外,患者有時會受到與抗抑鬱劑治療及停止抗抑鬱劑治療有關的副作用。
由於抗抑鬱劑治療的殘留症狀易使抑鬱患者受到較大的復發風險以及較大的再發生機率,因此,在選擇最適合的治療策略中,快速達到緩解是一項重要的考量。
可滿足這些問題中的一個或多個之新治療是需要的。
在一具體實例中,本發明包含一種縮短抗抑鬱劑在動物個體中作用時間的方法。該方法的步驟包括將個體以有效劑量的一種或多種興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼)進行前治療,及/或共同投予有效劑量的一種或多種興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼)與抗抑鬱劑。
1.興奮劑
興奮劑是主要作為或用於中樞神經系統刺激劑之藥物。較佳用於實施本發明者,是可在大腦的睡眠-清醒中樞運作並缺少安非它命的藥物作用之興奮劑。較佳的興奮劑係具有莫達非尼的藥物輪廓。因此,在本發明的較佳具體實例中,用於實施本發明的興奮劑是Provigil®
(莫達非尼)。
2.抗抑鬱劑
有效的抗抑鬱劑包括,但並不限於,三環類抗抑鬱劑(“TCAs”);選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(“SSRIs”);血清素及正腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑(“SNRIs”);多巴胺再吸收抑制劑(“DRIs”);正腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑(“NRIs”);多巴胺、血清素及正腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑(“DSNRIs”);以及單胺氧化酶抑制劑(“MAOIs”),包括單胺氧化酶A型(RIMAs)之可逆的抑制劑。
在特定具體實例中,適合的抗抑鬱劑可包括,但並不限於,一種或多種以下的抗抑鬱劑:阿坦絲林(adatanserin)氫氯酸鹽、阿地唑侖(adinazolam)、阿地唑侖甲磺酸鹽、阿普克雷(alaproclate)、阿雷他命(aletamine)氫氯酸鹽、氨甲達林(amedalin)氫氯酸鹽、阿米替林(amitriptyline)氫氯酸鹽、阿莫沙平(amoxapine)、阿達薩平(aptazapine)馬來酸鹽、阿羅山(azaloxan)富馬酸鹽、阿瑞平朵(azepindole)、阿齊
帊明(azipramine)氫氯酸鹽、百奔那醇(bipenarnol)氫氯酸鹽、安非它酮(bupropion)氫氯酸鹽、布它西汀(butacetin)、標翠替林(butriptyline)氫氯酸鹽、卡若沙酮(caroxazone)、卡它雷特(cartazolate)、希拉新朵(ciclazindol)、希兜沙平(cidoxepin)氫氯酸鹽、西羅巴明(cilobamine)甲磺酸鹽、喜它洛普蘭(citalopram)、氯達冗(clodazon)氫氯酸鹽、氯米帕明(clomipramine)氫氯酸鹽、可替寧(cotinine)富馬酸鹽、環吲哚(cyclindole)、賽噴那明(cypenamine)氫氯酸鹽、賽普理朵(cyprolidol)氫氯酸鹽、賽普醯亞胺(cyproximide)、達雷達林(daledalin)甲苯磺酸鹽、達泊西汀(dapoxetine)氫氯酸鹽、達沙卓(dazadrol)馬來酸鹽、達沙平尼(dazepinil)氫氯酸鹽、地昔帕明(desipramine)氫氯酸鹽、地沙米索(dexamisole)、地西馬芬(deximafen)、地業松(dibenzepin)氫氯酸鹽、笛歐沙卓(dioxadrol)氫氯酸鹽、多賽必(dothiepin)氫氯酸鹽、多沙必(doxepin)氫氯酸鹽、度洛西汀(duloxetine)氫氯酸鹽、伊雷那明(eclanamine)馬來酸鹽、引希普雷特(encyprate)、伊多批酮(etoperidone)氫氯酸鹽、芳卓酮(fantridone)氫氯酸鹽、菲滅多唑(fehmetozole)氫氯酸鹽、芬卓醯胺(fenmetramide)、菲若拉明(fezolamine)富馬酸鹽、氟它森(fluotracen)氫氯酸鹽、氟西汀、氟西汀氫氯酸鹽、氟帊若山(fluparoxan)氫氯酸鹽、甘菲新(gamfexine)、瓜諾芬(
guanoxyfen)硫酸鹽、伊瑪芬(imafen)氫氯酸鹽、伊米洛山(imiloxan)氫氯酸鹽、伊米帕明(imipramine)氫氯酸鹽、吲氯嗪(indeloxazine)氫氯酸鹽、吲替林(intriptyline)氫氯酸鹽、伊普朵(iprindole)、異卡波(isocarboxazid)、凱替帊明(ketipramine)富馬酸鹽、勞福帊明(lofepramine)氫氯酸鹽、洛塔拉明(lortalamine)、馬普替林(maprotiline)、馬普替林氫氯酸鹽、美利曲辛(melitracen)氫氯酸鹽、米拉醋胺(milacemide)氫氯酸鹽、米那匹林(minaprine)氫氯酸鹽、米氮平(mirtazapine)、嗎氯貝胺(moclobemide)、莫達林(modaline)硫酸鹽、那帊它啶(napactadine)氫氯酸鹽、那帊美唑(napamezole)氫氯酸鹽、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)氫氯酸鹽、尼索汀(nisoxetine)、尼它富單(nitrafudam)氫氯酸鹽、諾米芬新(nomifensine)馬來酸鹽、去甲替林(nortriptyline)氫氯酸鹽、歐去替林(octriptyline)磷酸鹽、奧匹普醇(opipramol)氫氯酸鹽、歐普替林(oxaprotiline)氫氯酸鹽、奧西佩汀(oxypertine)、帕羅西汀(paroxetine)、苯乙嗪(phenelzine)硫酸鹽、比蘭達明(pirandamine)氫氯酸鹽、比唑替林(pizotyline)、普利地芬(pridefine)氫氯酸鹽、苯咯戊烷(prolintane)氫氯酸鹽、普羅替林(protriptyline)氫氯酸鹽、奎巴新(quipazine)馬來酸鹽、羅立西平(rolicyprine)、喜普西汀(seproxetine)氫氯酸鹽、舍曲林(sertraline)氫氯酸鹽、西布曲明
(sibutramine)氫氯酸鹽、舒必利(sulpiride)、舒利陶唑(suritozole)、潭卓林(tametraline)氫氯酸鹽、潭普拉明(tampramine)富馬酸鹽、坦達明(tandamine)氫氯酸鹽、賽新(thiazesim)氫氯酸鹽、索沙里酮(thozalinone)、托莫西汀(tomoxetine)氫氯酸鹽、曲唑酮(trazodone)氫氯酸鹽、崔本若明(trebenzomine)氫氯酸鹽、三甲丙咪胺(trimipramine)、三甲丙咪胺馬來酸鹽、文拉法辛(venlafaxine)氫氯酸鹽、維絡沙辛(viloxazine)氫氯酸鹽、辛美定(zimeldine)氫氯酸鹽、若美他濱(zometapine)。
在特定具體實例中,抗抑鬱劑包括喜它洛普蘭、氟西汀、氟西汀氫氯酸鹽、帕羅西汀、帕羅西汀氫氯酸鹽及/或氯米帕明氫氯酸鹽,較佳是喜它洛普蘭、帕羅西汀、氟西汀及氟西汀氫氯酸鹽,最佳是喜它洛普蘭。
其他有效於治療抑鬱疾病的藥物,例如,替加賓(tiagabine),也可用於本發明之實施。
未列舉於上述之安全及有效的抗抑鬱劑,包括但並不限於上述化合物的結構類似物,也可用於本發明之實施。
包括在本發明範疇內的是各種個別的立體異構物,包括非對映異構物及對映異構物(例如,莫達非尼的L及/或R-異構物)及其混合物。此外,有效於本發明之化合物也包括任何醫藥上可接受的鹽,例如,鹼金屬鹽(例如,鈉及鉀鹽)、銨鹽、單烷基銨鹽、二烷基銨鹽、三烷基銨鹽
、四烷基銨鹽以及氨丁三醇鹽。以上說明的化合物之水合物、溶劑化物及多形物,也包括在本發明的範疇內。也可使用興奮劑的組合物以及抗抑鬱劑的組合物。化合物可以是實質上純的,或與其他的成份混合。
4.抑鬱疾病
本發明可有效於治療抑鬱,包括中度至重度或急性抑鬱,其可由許多因素中的任何一種而引起,包括,例如,與酒精或藥物濫用有關的抑鬱。本發明也有效於治療有時開抗抑鬱劑處方的其他疾病。這些包括,例如,焦慮、壓力、社交恐懼症、恐慌、妄想、強迫行為、疼痛(例如,神經變性及發炎性疼痛)等。對於抗抑鬱劑已顯示可具有臨床有利作用的這些疾病,此處都合稱為“抑鬱疾病”。
5.治療有效劑量的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑
在本發明的具體實例中,投予患者的興奮劑(例如,莫達非尼)的量,可包括5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、70、75、80、90、100、200、300及/或400毫克的莫達非尼或其組合物。通常,莫達非尼可以50、75、100及200毫克的量而投予。然而,當併用一種或多種如此處所說明的抗抑鬱劑時,可減少所需用以緩和所有或部分與抗抑鬱劑治療有關的症狀之莫達非尼的量。因此,當與抗抑鬱劑一同投予時,無論是與抗抑鬱劑的結合單位劑量或分離劑量,本發明的具體實例包括100毫克或更少的莫達非尼。包含莫達非尼及抗抑鬱劑兩者的單一單位劑量,是本發明之較佳組成物,如以下之說明。
通常,一種或多種的抗抑鬱劑,可以對每種抗抑鬱劑已知是有效的量而投予。更特別地,在本發明中,抗抑鬱劑可以有效改變動物個體之抑鬱狀態的量而投予,也就是,將投予至動物個體之抗抑鬱劑的量,如果抗抑鬱劑是單獨投予的話。適合的量可包括5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、200、300及/或400毫克的特定抗抑鬱劑或其組合物。然而,在本發明中,當併用一種或多種興奮劑時(例如莫達非尼),則投予抗抑鬱劑的總體量可減少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%或80%,而仍可提供抗抑鬱的效果。因此,本發明的具體實例包括投予比單獨投予所投予至動物個體之抗抑鬱劑的量還少的抗抑鬱劑的量。
一般而言,對於活性化合物的每日口服劑量,結合全部的一種或多種興奮劑及一種或多種抗抑鬱劑,將從每日約0.01毫克/公斤至每日約2000毫克/公斤。可預期的是,每日約1至1000毫克/立方公分的範圍之靜脈注射劑量,將是有效的。
在本發明的部分具體實例中,興奮劑與抗抑鬱劑之個別重量比,可從0.01:1至1:1至100:1,可能至1000:1。在部分具體實例中,重量比可以是1:1至7:1或10:1,最佳是1:1至5:1。
包含上述量的興奮劑(例如莫達非尼)及一種或多種抗抑鬱劑的劑型,可提供患者改善的疲勞症狀,並改善清醒的官能,係由疲勞、能量、機警性及認知官能(例如,
心理性肌肉運動遲緩)的作用而證實。
6.本發明組成物之製備
為了製備本發明之醫藥組成物,可將興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼)及抗抑鬱劑(包括但並不限於一種或多種上述抗抑鬱劑)密切混合。混合物更可視需要包括傳統醫藥複合技術之醫藥載劑,該載劑可根據製備投予所需的形式,而採取各式各樣的形式,例如,口服、栓劑或非腸胃道投予。在組成物中的每個活性成分的量,可對應到以上所說明的量。醫藥上可接受的載劑包括,例如,穩定劑、黏結劑、充填劑、崩散劑、潤滑劑、包膜、甘味劑、香味劑、色劑、稀釋劑等。當用於抑鬱疾病的治療時,這樣的組成物較佳可包括治療有效劑量的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑。
在製備口服劑型的組成物中,任何慣常的醫藥介質都可被使用。因此,對於液體口服製劑(例如,懸浮液、萬能藥及溶液),適合的載劑及添加物包括水、甘油、油脂、醇類、香味劑、防腐劑、色劑以及類似物;對於固體口服製劑(例如,粉末、膠囊及錠劑),適合的載劑及添加物包括澱粉、糖類、稀釋劑、粒化劑、潤滑劑、黏結劑、崩散劑以及類似物。由於易於投予,因此,錠劑及膠囊代表最有利的口服單位劑型,其中固體醫藥載劑是被顯著使用的。如果需要的話,錠劑可藉由標準技術而以糖衣或腸衣包膜。
對於非腸胃道製劑,載劑通常將包括無菌水,但也可
納入其他成份,例如,為了幫助溶解或為了保存目的之成份。也可製備可注射的懸浮液,在這樣的例子中,可使用適合的液體載劑、懸浮劑以及類似物。
在一具體實例中,本發明之醫藥組成物,可以錠劑或膠囊的型式或其他適合的單位劑型而投予。本發明之錠劑或膠囊可包含一種或多種以下的不活性成份:含水乳糖、預明膠化的澱粉、微晶體纖維素、澱粉甘醇酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、純水、棕櫚蠟、羥丙基甲基纖維素、二氧化鈦、聚乙二醇、合成的氧化鐵以及聚山梨酸80等等。
因此,此處的醫藥組成物,每個劑量單位(例如,錠劑、膠囊、粉末注射、茶匙、栓劑及類似物)將包含從約5至約1000毫克或更多的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑。在本發明的具體實例中,每個單一劑量單位(或單位劑量)都包括興奮劑的量以及抗抑鬱劑的量。在這樣的具體實例中,不需要每個單一劑量單位都包括有效的量,只要投予患者藥物的總量是個別的有效劑量即可。因此,例如,患者可能需要2或多個單一劑量單位以接受兩種作用劑的有效劑量。
當投予時,本發明的調配物是以醫藥上可接受的量及醫藥上可接受的組成物而施用。這樣的製劑可例行地包含鹽、緩衝劑、防腐劑、相容性載劑、以及視需要地其他治療成份。當用於藥劑中時,鹽應為醫藥上可接受的,但非醫藥上可接受的鹽可方便地用於製備其醫藥上可接受的鹽,並且不應從本發明的範疇中被排除。這樣的藥理上及醫藥上可接受的鹽包括,但並不限於由以下的酸所製備者:
氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、馬來酸、醋酸、水楊酸、對-甲苯磺酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、甲烷磺酸、甲酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、萘-2-磺酸以及苯磺酸。此外,醫藥上可接受的鹽也可製備成鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽,例如,鈉鹽、鉀鹽或鈣鹽。
適合的緩衝劑包括:醋酸及鹽(1-2%重量/體積);檸檬酸及鹽(1-3%重量/體積);硼酸及鹽(0.5-2.5%重量/體積);以及磷酸及鹽(0.8-2%重量/體積)。適合的防腐劑包括氯化苯二甲烴銨(0.003-0.03%重量/體積);氯丁醇(0.3-0.9%重量/體積);對-苯甲酸酯(0.01-0.25%重量/體積)以及硫柳汞(0.004-0.02%重量/體積)。
可適當地調整劑量以達到所要的局部或全身性藥物水平。如上所述,一般而言,活性化合物的每日口服劑量將從每日約0.01毫克/公斤至每日2000毫克/公斤。個體在該等劑量的反應是不足夠的事件中,甚至可使用患者容忍許可程度所至的更高劑量(或由不同的、更局部的傳遞途徑之有效的更高劑量)。以例如24小時期間的連續靜脈注射給藥或每日多次劑量,預期可達成化合物之適合的全身性水平。
許多的投予途徑都是可利用的。所選擇的特定模式將當然取決於所選擇的特定藥物、被治療的疾病狀態之嚴重性以及治療功效所需之劑量。一般而言,本發明之方法可利用任何醫學上可接受的投予模式而實施,亦即可產生活
性化合物的有效水平而不會引起臨床上不可接受的不利作用之任何模式。這樣的投予模式包括口服、直腸、舌下、局部、經鼻、經皮或非腸胃道的途徑。名詞“非腸胃道”包括皮下、靜脈內、肌肉內或灌注。
組成物可方便地呈現在單位劑型中,並可藉由在製藥技藝中所熟知的任何方法而製備。一般而言,組成物是藉由使化合物均勻及密切地與液體載劑、細微切割的固體載劑或兩者而結合,然後,如果需要的話,使產品成形。
適合用於口服投予的組成物可呈現為分離的單位,例如,膠囊、小袋、錠劑或菱形錠劑,每個都包含預定量的活性化合物。其他的組成物包括在水溶液或非水溶液中的懸浮液,例如,糖漿、萬能藥或乳液。
其他的傳遞系統可包括時間釋放性、延遲釋放性或持續釋放性的傳遞系統。該等系統可避免重複投予本發明之活性化合物,增加患者及醫師的便利性。它們包括以聚合物為基底的系統,例如,聚乳酸及聚甘醇酸、聚酐及聚己內酯:包括固醇的脂質之非聚合物系統,例如,膽固醇、膽固醇酯及脂肪酸或中性油脂,例如,單-、二-及三酸甘油酯;水合膠釋放系統;矽氧烷系統;以肽為基底的系統;利用傳統黏結劑及賦形劑之蠟包膜、壓縮的錠劑,部份融合的移植物以及類似物。此外,也可使用以幫浦為基底的硬體傳遞系統,其部份適用於移植術。
本發明的另一具體實例係提供套組或裝置,其可促進投予一定量的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑以治療抑鬱疾病。特別地
,本發明之套組至少包括一劑型,其包含興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼),以及一分離劑型,其至少包含抗抑鬱劑。本發明之一種適合的套組包括一罩板包裝,其具有一單位劑量的莫達非尼以及一分離單位劑量的抗抑鬱劑。最佳地,單位劑量的莫達非尼包括50、75、100或200毫克的莫達非尼錠劑,以及單位劑量的抗抑鬱劑包括10、20、30、40或50毫克的抗抑鬱劑錠劑。套組或裝置也可包括有關投予興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑的用法說明。較佳地,該等用法說明提供一種或多種下述投予方案的投予指南。
興奮劑及/或抗抑鬱劑可以是任何適合的劑型,包括但並不限於,固體劑型(包括錠劑、膠囊、片劑、含片、小囊以及類似物)及/或液體劑型(例如口服萬能藥或靜脈注射流體)。興奮劑的劑型可與抗抑鬱劑的劑型是相同的類型或不同的類型。
在另一具體實例中,本發明包括經皮藥物傳遞系統(“TDDS”)。適合與本發明貼片形式一起使用的經皮藥物傳遞系統,通常包含至少:(1)背層;以及(2)以有效劑量的抗抑鬱劑及視需要的莫達非尼調配的載劑。
較佳的貼片包括(1)基材型的貼片;(2)貯存型的貼片;(3)多層之藥物於膠黏劑型的貼片;以及(4)整體藥物於膠黏劑型的貼片;和(Interpharm Press,Inc,Ghosh,T.K.;Pfister,W.R.;Yum,S.I.,皮膚與局部藥物供給系統,第249-297頁,以引用方式納入本文中)。這些貼片一般是可在市面上購得的。
對於本發明之實施,基材型的貼片及藥物於膠黏劑型的貼片是特別較佳的。更佳的藥物於膠黏劑型貼片是整體型者。
也可使用不同於標準貼片的經皮藥物傳遞系統。這些包括,例如,滲透性的幫浦系統、超音波系統、油膏、糊膏、凝膠、藥劑粉末、乳霜、洗劑、氣溶膠、噴劑、泡沫、藥劑膠黏劑以及類似物。
7.治療方法/療法
A.興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑的治療之投予方案及時間
興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑可一起結合成單一單位劑量,但也可分開成兩次或多次不同的劑量而投予。
因此,在本發明的部份具體實例中,與抑鬱有關的疾病之治療可經由使用分離的劑型:一種或多種的興奮劑劑量以及一種或多種的抗抑鬱劑劑量。因此,興奮劑的劑量可在相對於抗抑鬱劑劑量不同的時間投予,或是同時投予(也就是,興奮劑劑量是在投予抗抑鬱劑之前或之後少於1小時內投予)。然而,如果需要同時投予的話,興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑的投予也可經由使用單一單位劑量,其包括興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑兩者。
在開始抗抑鬱劑治療的患者中,也就是,實質上無抗抑鬱劑的患者或已經無抗抑鬱劑治療約1週、2週、更佳約4週或更多週的患者,包含興奮劑的劑型可在一開始投予抗抑鬱劑之前及/或約同時而投予。在這樣的具體實例中,一次或多次的興奮劑可在一開始投予/給藥抗抑鬱劑
之前的72小時之內,較佳是在48小時之內,更佳是在24小時之內,最佳是在1小時之內,或之前片刻而投予。在一開始投予興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑之後,後續的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑之給藥,可以典型的比例而持續,例如,通常每日一次或兩次50、75、100至200毫克劑量的莫達非尼,以及每日10、20、30、40、50毫克的抗抑鬱劑。此外,在一開始投予抗抑鬱劑之後,興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑可以分離的劑型或單一單位劑量而給藥。然而,如果興奮劑的劑量是要在後續抗抑鬱劑的劑量之前投予的話,則各自分離的劑型是較佳的。
此外,在實質上無抗抑鬱劑的患者中,一開始投予興奮劑可與一開始投予抗抑鬱劑同時或幾乎同時。這可經由使用分離的興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑劑型,然後同時一起投予而達成(也就是,在抗抑鬱劑之前或之後1小時內或更少),或經由使用單一單位劑量而達成,其包括如上所述之興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑。
此外,興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼)也可投予已經接受至少一開始劑量的抗抑鬱劑之患者。在一具體實例中,一開始的興奮劑可在一開始投予抗抑鬱劑之後的72小時之內,較佳是在48小時之內,更佳是在24小時之內,最佳是在1小時之內,或之後片刻而投予。在這個時間方案中,莫達非尼是在約相同於抗抑鬱劑的時間而投予,但之後至少一次投予抗抑鬱劑。在一開始興奮劑的給藥之後,興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑的給藥可以典型的方式而持續。在
特定較佳具體實例中,一開始投予興奮劑及後續的投予興奮劑,可經由使用單一單位劑量而達成,其包括興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑兩者。
在另一具體實例中,一開始將興奮劑投予患者,可在抗抑鬱劑治療已結束之後而發生及/或持續。較佳地,這可藉由在抗抑鬱劑治療停止之後,投予患者一定量的興奮劑以及該投予可持續1、2、5、10、20或30天或更多天而達成。
在興奮劑及抗抑鬱劑是在分離劑型的具體實例中,興奮劑的投予可較佳地在抗抑鬱劑投予之前或之後的片刻內,或在少於1小時之內、或少於5小時、或少於24小時、或少於48小時、或少於72小時而發生,除非以下特定治療方法有不同的指明。
B.縮短抗抑鬱劑效果的作用時間
在開始使用抗抑鬱劑治療至抑鬱症狀減輕的時間間隔可以被縮短。在一個本發明的具體實例中,在開始服用興奮劑(包含但不局限於莫達非尼)之後,或是在進行抗抑鬱劑治療之前或當時,亦或是依照前面提出之一項或多項的時間方案,抑鬱症狀均可得到改善。
相對於單獨使用抗抑鬱劑治療,改善的時間可以從1、2、4、7、10和14天。
在另外一項具體實例中,本發明包含縮短抗抑鬱劑在動物個體中作用時間的方法。該方法的步驟包括將個體以有效劑量的一種或多種興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼
)進行前治療,及/或共同投予有效劑量的一種或多種興奮劑(包括但並不限於莫達非尼)與抗抑鬱劑。抗抑鬱劑的劑量與前治療的持續期間可因個體而有所變動。然而,興奮劑服用的時間較佳是依照前面提出之一項或多項的時間方案。
在一個具體實例中,興奮劑的劑量包括有效劑量的莫達非尼(典型莫達非尼投予量從約100毫克至約200毫克,每天一至兩次,為期少於兩天,較佳的少於十天),期望在開始抗抑鬱劑治療之前縮短作用時間。在另一個具體實例中,第一次興奮劑的服用可以在開始服用抗抑鬱劑之前72小時之內,較佳是在48小時之內,更佳是在24小時之內,最佳是在1小時之內或是前一會兒。如同前文已知,在抗抑鬱劑治療中,也可以視需要的持續服用興奮劑。
興奮劑可以經由口腔、鼻腔、直腸、靜脈、硬腦(脊)膜、腹膜內、皮下、肌肉內或是經由腦脊髓膜內使用。
定義
此處所使用的“顆粒”是指乙醯胺化合物之聚集的物理單元,也就是,乙醯胺片或粒。
此處所使用的“約”是指所指數值的正或負百分之十,使得“約20毫克”是指18至22毫克。
此處所使用的“基本上組成”是指排除其他活性成份,但包括賦形劑及額外量負責降解或其他的活性成份。
此處所使用的“有效量”是有效於治療抑鬱狀態之莫達非尼及/或抗抑鬱劑的量,也就是,可減少、緩解或消
除與抑鬱及/或抗抑鬱治療有關的特定症狀之莫達非尼及/或抗抑鬱劑的量。
此處所使用的“醫藥組成物”是指用於治療哺乳動物的藥劑,其包括以適合投予哺乳動物的方式而製備之莫達非尼。本發明之醫藥組成物也可,但並不必要,包括非毒性醫藥上可接受的載劑。醫藥組成物也可包括大量的活性莫達非尼,以用於製備劑型。醫藥組成物也可包括莫達非尼,並結合另一活性成份,較佳是抗抑鬱劑,更佳是SSRI。
適合的病患事先用MDD(單一次或是定期重複的)診斷,四位病患出現顯著的疲勞(疲勞嚴重度指標〔FSS〕評分大於或等於4)並且大於或等於4週未進行抗抑鬱劑治療。病患在篩選、基線(顯示於表1)以及第1、2、3、4、5和6週被評鑑。
莫達非尼開始的使用量為前三天每天100毫克,然後根據病患的反應和耐藥度增加為每天200毫克。選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI)治療投予氟西汀或帕羅西汀,每天20毫克六週。
1.症狀評估
壓抑症狀的改變以漢氏憂鬱量表-31和漢氏憂鬱量表-21合計估算分數來分析,每一個個案被錄影下來並獨立評估。漢氏憂鬱量表-21合計估算分數的分析也被使用來評
估反應和減輕速率。疲勞的改變用疲勞嚴重度指標來評估。疲勞的反應被定義為少於4的疲勞嚴重度指標分數,在任何基線後的探望。疲勞嚴重度指標分數大於或等於4分表示病理學上疲勞的程度。個人嗜睡性用愛潑沃斯思睡量表(ESS)來評估。愛潑沃斯思睡量表分數大於或等於10分表示病理學上的嗜睡。與沮喪相關的症狀(包括疲勞、心情不好、積極性和專注性)使用病患評估視覺模擬量表(VAS)來評鑑。
2.安全性監控
安全性的評估是藉由記錄所有每天被報導關於攻擊、種類、嚴重性和人際關係的負面事件以研究藥物治療。研究時也進行生理測試、生命現象以及臨床實驗測試。
3.統計數據
連績變化的常態性分布數據係使用成對t試驗,或使用Wilcoxon符號等級測驗(非常態數據)。
有反應者(定義為漢氏憂鬱量表-21降低>50%)及減輕者(定義為在任何基線後探望的漢氏憂鬱量表-21評分小於或等於7)的數目使用Wilcoxon符號等級測驗來分析。接受了至少一劑所研究之藥品的病患包含在安全性分析中。
敘述統計被使用來總結安全性方法。所有病患的基線特性被總結在表1中。接受至少一劑莫達非尼和至少一次基線後功效測量的病患被評估其功效(N=28)。二十九位病患可進行安全性評估。
4.治療結果
結合莫達非尼和選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑可以在開始使用一週內大幅改善沮喪,如同顯示於圖1A中漢氏憂鬱量表-21評分總和平均值從基線降低。統計學上漢氏憂鬱量表-21評分總和平均值從基線大幅降低持續至第6週。莫達非尼與選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑的結合可於開始使用的第1週顯著的從基線降低漢氏憂鬱量表-31評分總和平均值,並持續至第6週(圖1B)。
漢氏憂鬱量表-31對於十四位可評鑑病患的平均評分為31.72+/-7.28。莫達非尼結合氟西汀或帕羅西汀在開始後一週內大幅增進漢氏憂鬱量表-31評分總和(平均值-9.47+/-12.06;p<0.01)。這個增進在整個研究中持續(平均值-23.06+/-13.55;p<0.01)。
如圖2,第2週有42%的病患、第4週有65%的病患、第6週有79%的病患產生反應(定義為基線漢氏憂鬱量表-21評分有大於50%的下降)。第1週有12%的病患、第2週有39%的病患、第4週有44%的病患、第6週有約58%的病患減輕抑鬱症狀(定義為漢氏憂鬱量表-21評分小於或等於7)(圖2)。
5.安全性與耐藥度
附加藥莫達非尼是可以被相當容忍的。59%(17/29)的病患被紀錄有至少一項副作用。最常被記錄的負作用是噁心(41%)和頭痛(24%)。
副作用的嚴重性是輕微至中度的,在研究中沒有嚴重
的副作用被發現。在臨床上沒有發現生命現象、體重改變、ECG或是實驗參數有顯著的不同。29位病患中的23(79%)完成了研究。有3位病患在莫達非尼和氟西汀的組別中停止了,起因於治療相關的副作用:有一位感到不安、厭食和頭痛;另一位感到頭痛且有不正常的想法;第三位感到失眠、噁心和焦躁。一位病患因不遵守而退出。兩位病患沒有跟上治療。
根據以上所述,莫達非尼被發現是一項可快速作用並且有效的輔助藥物,可用於治療具有沮喪和顯著疲勞之後遺症症狀的病患,而莫達非尼與選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑結合的治療可以在開始時提供較好的附加效果,而治療的策略可以使多重方面的MDD症狀有較快速的減少。
雖然本發明已參照特定的具體實例來揭示,但明顯的,習於該項技藝者可以思及這項發明的其他具體實例和變化型,但是並不離開本發明的真正精神和範疇。附屬的申請專利範圍係被理解為包括所有這類的具體實例和均等的變化型。更進一步,所有於此提及的文獻內容均併入做為參考。
圖1A:基準與一至六週的平均21-項HAMD-21的總計分數;圖1B:基準與一至六週的平均31-項HAMD-31的總計分數;
圖2:基準與一至六週的有反應與減輕的病患百分比。
Claims (13)
- 一種莫達非尼(modafinil)之用途,其係用於製備用於縮短在已經無抗抑鬱劑治療達至少4週之患者中之選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI)之效果的開始時間之藥劑,其中該藥劑係適用於以1:1至10:1之重量比施藥莫達非尼及該SSRI。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該藥劑係適用於每日施藥至患者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該SSRI係選自由喜它洛普蘭(citalopram)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、氟西汀鹽酸鹽、帕羅西汀(paroxetine)或帕羅西汀鹽酸鹽組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之用途,其特徵在於該SSRI係喜它洛普蘭、氟西汀或氟西汀鹽酸鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該藥劑係適用於以每日50、75、100或200毫克的量施藥莫達非尼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該藥劑係適用於以每日100毫克或更低的量施藥莫達非尼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該藥劑係適用於以1:1至7:1之重量比施藥莫達非尼及該SSRI。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其特徵在於該藥劑係適用以1:1至5:1之重量比施藥莫達非尼及該SSRI。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該SSRI之效果的開始時間發生在約1週內。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、3、5、6或9項之用途,其特徵在於該莫達非尼係莫達非尼之左旋異構物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、3、5、6或9項之用途,其特徵在於該莫達非尼係莫達非尼之右旋異構物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該莫達非尼與該SSRI是呈單一單位劑量或呈二或多個分開的劑施藥。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其特徵在於該莫達非尼是在相對於該SSRI不同的時間或是在相對於該SSRI相同的時間施藥。
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| DE20122504U1 (de) * | 2000-07-27 | 2005-12-29 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Kristallines und reines Modafinil |
| US6992219B2 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2006-01-31 | Cephalon France | Modafinil polymorphic forms |
| US20040229941A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-18 | Cephalon, Inc. | Analeptic and antidepressant combinations |
| AR045314A1 (es) * | 2003-05-13 | 2005-10-26 | Cephalon Inc | Composiciones farmaceuticas de analepticos y antidepresivos |
| US20040242698A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Cephalon Inc. | Analeptic and antidepressant combinations |
| US20040229943A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Cephalon Inc | Analeptic and drug combinations |
| SI1575565T1 (sl) | 2003-08-08 | 2010-04-30 | Biovail Lab Int Srl | Tableta bupropion hidroklorida z modificiranim sproĹˇŽŤanjem |
| US7368591B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2008-05-06 | Cephalon France | Process for enantioselective synthesis of single enantiomers of modafinil by asymmetric oxidation |
| CA2614777C (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2012-04-17 | Neurohealing Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Rapid onset and short term modafinil compositions and methods of use thereof |
| CA2660565C (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2012-10-09 | Neurohealing Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Modafinil-based treatment for premature ejaculation |
| JP6614014B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-26 | 2019-12-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 含窒素オルガノキシシラン化合物およびその製造方法 |
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| FR2593809B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-31 | 1988-07-22 | Lafon Labor | Benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide, procede de preparation et utilisation en therapeutique |
| FR2663225B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-14 | 1994-11-04 | Lafon Labor | Nouvelle utilisation du modafinil. |
| FR2684875B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-13 | 1995-05-24 | Lafon Labor | Utilisation du modafinil pour la fabrication d'un medicament ayant un effet anti-ischemique. |
| FR2697162B1 (fr) * | 1992-10-23 | 1995-01-13 | Lafon Labor | Utilisation du modafinil pour la fabrication d'un médicament pour le traitement de l'incontinence urinaire et des troubles sphinctériens urétro vésicaux. |
| FR2706767B1 (zh) * | 1993-06-22 | 1995-09-08 | Lafon Labor | |
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| US5890172A (en) * | 1996-10-08 | 1999-03-30 | Tenretni Dynamics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for retrieving data from a network using location identifiers |
| FR2771004B1 (fr) * | 1997-11-19 | 2000-02-18 | Inst Curie | Utilisation de derives de benzhydryl sulfinyle pour la fabrication de medicaments ayant un effet eveillant dans des situations de troubles de la vigilance d'origine medicamenteuse |
| US6359635B1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2002-03-19 | Cary D. Perttunen | Methods, articles and apparatus for visibly representing information and for providing an input interface |
| US6346548B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2002-02-12 | Cephalon, Inc. | Compositions including modafinil for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and multiple sclerosis fatigue |
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| US6503950B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2003-01-07 | David M. Ockert | Triple drug therapy for the treatment of narcotic and alcohol withdrawal symptoms |
| US20010034373A1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2001-10-25 | Matthew Miller | Low dose modafinil for enhancement of cognitive function |
| US6417184B1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-07-09 | David M. Ockert | Triple drug therapy for the treatment and prevention of acute or chronic pain |
| US20030036555A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Kg | Pramipexole for the treatment of ADHD |
| AR045314A1 (es) * | 2003-05-13 | 2005-10-26 | Cephalon Inc | Composiciones farmaceuticas de analepticos y antidepresivos |
| US20040229941A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-18 | Cephalon, Inc. | Analeptic and antidepressant combinations |
| US20040242698A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Cephalon Inc. | Analeptic and antidepressant combinations |
| US20040229943A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Cephalon Inc | Analeptic and drug combinations |
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| DK1628652T3 (da) | 2012-10-08 |
| SI1628652T1 (sl) | 2012-11-30 |
| MXPA05012144A (es) | 2006-02-08 |
| AU2004238379B2 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| WO2004100937A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| NO20055450L (no) | 2006-02-01 |
| TW200500063A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
| EP1628652A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| EA012173B1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
| UA89753C2 (ru) | 2010-03-10 |
| MY140179A (en) | 2009-11-30 |
| AR045423A1 (es) | 2005-10-26 |
| IS8097A (is) | 2005-10-27 |
| EA200501802A1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
| HRP20120713T1 (hr) | 2012-09-30 |
| US20040229942A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| ES2390225T3 (es) | 2012-11-07 |
| WO2004100937B1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| CY1113154T1 (el) | 2016-04-13 |
| HK1087645A1 (zh) | 2006-10-20 |
| JP5553955B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
| JP2007505156A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
| CA2525524A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| AU2004238379A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| KR20060019537A (ko) | 2006-03-03 |
| BRPI0411174A (pt) | 2006-07-18 |
| NO334448B1 (no) | 2014-03-03 |
| NZ544135A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
| PT1628652E (pt) | 2012-09-28 |
| NO20055450D0 (no) | 2005-11-17 |
| PL1628652T3 (pl) | 2012-12-31 |
| EP1628652B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CA2525524C (en) | 2012-09-25 |
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