TWI405615B - A method and a control system for controlling the operation of a last field of an electrostatic precipitator - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrostatic precipitator (1) has a last field (14) being provided with discharge electrodes (16), collecting electrodes (18) and a rapping device (22), which is adapted for cleaning the collecting electrodes (18) by means of rapping them. A control system (30) for controlling the dust particle emission from the electrostatic precipitator (1) comprises a control device (38), which is operative for adjusting, based on a relation between a magnitude (H) of a selected dust particle emission peak caused by a selected rapping and the time (t) between said selected rapping and its immediately preceding rapping, at least one parameter chosen from the group of: the time (t) to elapse until a rapping is to be executed in the last field (14), and the type of rapping to be executed in the last field (14).

Description

Method and control system for controlling the operation of the last field of an electrostatic precipitator

The present invention relates to a method of controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator having a final field, the last field providing a discharge electrode, a collecting electrode, and a slap device, the slap device being The adjustment applies to dusting the collector electrodes by tapping them.

The invention also relates to a method of predicting the emission of dust particles during the slap of at least one collecting electrode of the last field of the electrostatic precipitator.

The invention also relates to a control system for controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator of the type described above.

The invention also relates to a control system for predicting the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator of the type described above.

Combustion of media, oil, industrial waste, household waste, peat, organisms, etc. produces flue gas (which is often referred to as fly ash) containing dust particles. The emission of dust particles to ambient air must be kept at a low level. Therefore, prior to the emission of flue gas to ambient air, a type of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) filter is often used to collect dust particles from the flue gas. The ESP system known from US 4,502,872, in other documents, provides a discharge electrode and a collector electrode plate. The discharge electrode charges the dust particles, and then collects the dust particles at the collecting electrode plates. When the collecting electrode plates are loaded with dust particles, the collecting electrode plates are slapped so that the collected dust particles are released from the collecting electrode plates and dropped into a funnel from which the dust particles can be further transported. The dedusted gas is emitted to the ambient air via a stack.

ESPs often provide several independent units coupled in series, also known as fields. An example of this can be found in WO 91/08837, which describes an individual field of three series couplings. The first game collects the largest number of dust particles and therefore requires a much more frequent slap than the subsequent field. The final field collects only about 0 to 3% of the total amount of dust particles entering the ESP. When a slap (which is based on a preset rule), the amount of dust particles leaving the ESP and emitted to the ambient air increases to a fairly high level during a short period of time, its dust particles in the flue gas It can even be visually observed when launched via stacking.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which makes it possible to control the temporary large dust emission peak caused by the last field slap in the electrostatic precipitator.

This object is achieved by a method of controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator having a final field, the last field providing a discharge electrode, a collecting electrode, and a slap device, the slap The apparatus is adapted to be dusted by slapping the collecting electrodes, the method being characterized by the following steps: i) utilizing one of the selected dust particle emission peaks caused by a selected slap And ii) adjusting at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: following the relationship, the at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: The time that you want to spend, and the type of slap you want to perform in the final game.

One of the advantages of this method is that it can not exceed the dust emission limit. Control the slap accurately. Thus, with the present invention, fewer fields, or smaller fields, can be employed in an electrostatic precipitator (compared to the fields necessary to operate in accordance with a prior art method). This is due to the fact that the electrostatic precipitator can reduce the safety margins in the mechanical design of the electrostatic precipitator when the method is operated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The control of the slap may be related to the time of the slap before the slap is to be performed, or may be related to the type of slap to be performed, or may be related to both the time of the slap and the type of slap.

According to a specific embodiment, the step ii) further comprises calculating a rolling average value, each corresponding to an average dust emission during a predetermined period, and based on the relationship, relative to a predetermined fluctuation average limit value The slap of the collection electrodes of the last field is adjusted. This embodiment advantageously provides for controlling the slap in a manner that does not inadvertently slap due to an erroneous time, or inadvertently implements an erroneous slap type that exceeds a dust emission limit (the limit is a volatility average) .

According to a preferred embodiment, in step i), a type of slap is identified and a slap type specific model is selected for use in step i), such a selected slap type specific model is A model of the relationship between one of the selected dust particle emission peaks and the time between the selected slap of the identified specific slap type and the time immediately following the previous slap. The amount of dust released during a slap depends on the type of slap performed. A more accurate control can be implemented by utilizing a model specific to the type of slap.

Preferably, in the step i), when the use is made by a selected slap Identifying and considering the type of slap performed prior to the selected slap when one of the selected dust particle emission peaks has a relationship between the selected slap and a time between the selected slap and the previous slap, The type of previous slap has been identified. The amount of dust released during a slap depends on the type of slap performed prior to the slap. A more accurate control can be implemented by considering the type of slap performed prior to the slap.

Preferably, the relationship between one of the peaks of the selected dust emission and the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap caused by a selected slap is represented by the following equation: Amplitude Function (time), where the function is selected from the following functions: a logarithmic function, and an approximation of a logarithmic function, which is preferably a natural logarithmic function. The longer the time since the previous slap, the more dust is released during the slap, but the dust will also stick to the collecting electrode plate, so the peak of the selected dust emission peak is tight. This relationship between the time elapsed since the previous slap is non-linear, but is best illustrated by a one-to-one function.

According to a preferred embodiment, a mathematical relationship between the amplitude of one of the selected dust emission peaks and the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap is caused by a selected slap. The model can be obtained by measuring the magnitude of the dust emission peak and coupling it to the individual time since the individual was immediately slammed. The data record thus obtained can be used to prepare the mathematical model.

Preferably, the following step is used to update one of the selections caused by a selected slap A mathematical model for determining the relationship between one of the peaks of the dust particle emission peak and the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap D) measuring the dust particle emission after the last field to identify the last field One of the at least one collecting electrode slaps a relevant dust particle emission peak, E) the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak and the time from the last field of the at least one collecting electrode that is immediately after the previous slap The corresponding time is coupled to form a data record, the data record including the amplitude of the dust particle emission peak and the corresponding time since the previous slap, and F) updating based on the data record The mathematical model of one of the selected dust particle emission peaks and a relationship between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap caused by a selected slap. One advantage of this embodiment is to update the model such that the model can be adapted to the changing conditions of operation of the electrostatic precipitator. Such varying conditions may be related to changes in the type of fuel, time-dependent changes in the surface characteristics of the collector plates, and the like. This update of the model is preferably (but not necessarily) performed after each new slap. Alternatively, the update can be made every second, every third, etc. slap. More preferably, a data filter is utilized while updating the mathematical model during step F). One of the advantages of this embodiment is to update the model in a more accurate manner, and the model can be adapted more quickly to suit the changing conditions of the electrostatic precipitator.

According to another preferred embodiment, based on the relationship, at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: the time of the desired duration before the slap in the last field, and the slap to be performed in the last field is adjusted. Type, the step Performing the following steps: measuring a magnitude of a dust emission peak caused by a slap of at least one collecting electrode of the collecting electrodes of the last field, and measuring the amplitude of the peak of the dust particle emission The information is sent to a computing device, the computing device compares the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak with a dust particle emission peak amplitude target value, and is used to minimize the dust particle emission peak amplitude target value and the last field For the purpose of the difference between the measured amplitudes of one of the subsequent dust emission peaks caused by one of the at least one collecting electrodes of the collecting electrodes, the computing device automatically adjusts at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: The time in the last field to be executed before the subsequent slap, and the subsequent slap type to be executed in the last field. One advantage of this embodiment is that a relatively simple computing device can be utilized, such as a PID controller, a PI controller, or a modelless adaptive controller. Since no model is needed, there is no need for any extensive work related to obtaining this model. In addition, the control of the slap will be adapted relatively quickly to suit the changing conditions of the electrostatic precipitator since the measurement data relating to the magnitude of the peak of the dust emission is continuously transmitted to the computing device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for reliably predicting the emission of dust particles during the slap of at least one of the collection electrodes of the last field of the electrostatic precipitator.

This object is achieved by a method for predicting the emission of dust particles during the slap of at least one collecting electrode of the last field of the electrostatic precipitator, the last field Providing a discharge electrode, a collection electrode, and a slap device adapted to be deflated by slapping the collection electrodes, the method being characterized by the following steps utilizing a selected shot The relationship between one of the peaks of the selected dust emission and the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap, and the selection of the dust based on one of the selected slaps The relationship between the amplitude of one of the emission peaks and the time between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap, predicting a parameter selected from the following parameters: 1) dust particles caused by a selected slap The magnitude of the peak of the emission, based on the time between the selected slap and one of the previous slaps, and 2) the time of the selected slap and its immediate slap, which is based on The amplitude of one of the dust emission peaks caused by the selected slap.

One of the advantages of this method is that the dust emission caused by the slap of at least one collecting electrode of the last field can be predicted with high accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to predict which dust particle emission is caused by a certain slap frequency, or predict which slap frequency is required to be lower than a certain dust particle emission, for example, the maximum fluctuation average of a certain dust particle emission. This information can be used in the design of electrostatic precipitators and in the adjustment of the operation of electrostatic precipitators during the start-up phase.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a control system that eliminates, or at least reduces, the problem of temporary large dust emission that occurs during the last field of the electrostatic precipitator.

This object is achieved by a control system for controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator having a final field, the last field providing a discharge electrode, a collecting electrode and a slap device, The slap device is adapted to be dusted by slamming the collection electrodes, the control system of which includes a control device operable to be based on a selected slap Adjusting a relationship between a magnitude of a selected dust emission peak and a time between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap, adjusting at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: performing a beat in the last field The time of the previous experience and the type of slap to be performed in the final field.

One of the advantages of this control system is that it provides effective control of the slap, so that dust emission from an electrostatic precipitator can be minimized.

According to a preferred embodiment, the control system further includes a data receiver operative to receive measurement data relating to the emission of dust particles after the last field, and identifying and determining the last field in the measurement data a dust emission peak associated with the slap of the at least one collecting electrode, a data processor operable to cause the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak and the tightness of the at least one collecting electrode from the last field Corresponding time coupling for the duration of the previous slap to form a data record comprising the amplitude of the peak and the corresponding time since the previous slap, and a computing device The system is operable to update the mathematical model based on the data record, wherein the mathematical model is one of the selected dust particle emission peaks caused by a selected slap and the selected slap is immediately adjacent to the previous pat An approximation of the relationship between the time of the hit. An advantage of this embodiment is that by updating the mathematical model (eg, by updating the mathematical model in this way), or by updating an offset factor, the control function of the control system will automatically adapt itself to electrostatic dust collection. The changing conditions of the device make the control more accurate and require less manual calibration over time.

According to another preferred embodiment, a computing device is operative to receive a measurement relating to a measured amplitude of a dust emission peak caused by a slap of at least one of the collection electrodes of the collection electrodes of the last field Data, the computing device is further adapted to compare the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak with a dust particle emission peak amplitude target value, and to minimize the dust particle emission peak amplitude target value and by using the last field For the purpose of the difference between the measured amplitudes of one of the subsequent dust particle emission peaks caused by one of the at least one collecting electrodes of the collecting electrodes, the control device automatically induces at least one selected from the group below Adjustment of the parameter: the time of the last time before the subsequent slap will be executed in the last field, and the subsequent slap type to be executed in the last field. One advantage of this particular embodiment is that it provides simple but effective control of the slap. The computing device can be a PID controller (a controller that combines proportional, integral, and differential parameter operations), a PI controller (a controller that combines proportional and integral parameter operations), or a model-free adaptive controller, ie, does not utilize an entity The actual model of the characteristics is based on, for example, a controller that the neural network strives to reduce the difference between the observed value and the target value.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a control system that enables an accurate prediction of the emission of dust particles caused by the slap of at least one collecting electrode of the last field of the electrostatic precipitator.

This object is achieved by a control system for predicting the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator having a final field that provides a discharge electrode, a collection electrode, and a slap device. The slap device is adapted to be dusted by slapping the collection electrodes, characterized in that the control system includes a data processor operable to utilize one selected by a selected slap A relationship between one of the peaks of the dust emission peak and a time between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap, the data processor is further operable to be based on one of the selected slaps The relationship between one of the peaks of the dust emission peak and the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap, predicting a parameter selected from the following parameters: 1) a dust caused by a selected slap The magnitude of the peak of the particle emission is based on the time between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap, and 2) the time between the selected slap and the slap of the previous slap, based on With this choice One of the peaks of the dust emission caused by a fixed shot. One of the advantages of this control system is that it provides easy adjustment of the slap of the electrostatic precipitator.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the description and claims.

The word "model" in this description refers to a representation of a phenomenon (eg, physical phenomena, chemical procedures, etc.). Moreover, the phrase "mathematical model" in this description refers to a mathematical representation of a phenomenon.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 1. Electrostatic precipitator 1 has An inlet 2 for the flue gas 4 (which contains dust particles) and an outlet 6 for the flue gas 8 (most of which have been removed). The dust collector 1 has a casing 9 in which a first field 10, a second field 12, and a last field 14 are provided. As is well known in the art, as is well known in the art, for example, from U.S. Patent No. 4,502,872, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, each of the fields 10, 12, 14 provides a discharge electrode and a collecting electrode (which is collected In the form of an electrode plate). The last field 14 is provided with a discharge electrode (only one of the discharge electrodes 16 is depicted in Fig. 1) and a collector electrode plate (only one of which is shown in Fig. 1). The power source 20 applies a current between the discharge electrode 16 and the collector electrode plate 18. When the flue gas 4 passes through the discharge electrode 16, the dust particles are charged. The charged dust particles will travel toward the collector electrode plate 18 where dust particles are collected. The electrostatic precipitator 1 provides a slap device 22 that is adapted to remove the collected dust particles from the collecting electrode plate 18. The slap device 22 includes a first set of hammers that are adapted to tap the upstream end of the collector electrode plate. A first hammer 24 is included in the first set of hammers and is adapted to tap the upstream end of the collector electrode plate 18. The slap device 22 also includes a second set of hammers that are adapted to slap the downstream end of the collector electrode plate. A second hammer 26 is included in the second set of hammers and adapted to slap the downstream end of the collector electrode plate 18.

The dust removal of the collecting electrode plates 18 can be carried out in different ways. A variable parameter is the current condition, i.e., whether the power source 20 applies a current between the electrodes 16, 18 during the slap. It is also possible to reduce the current during the slap to, for example, 5% of the normal current, rather than reducing the current to zero. According to other alternatives to the slap method, the current can be increased or decreased during the slap (with normal operation period) Compared to the current used in the room). If the collecting electrode plate 1188 is subjected to a slap while current is being applied, the ability of the particles to adhere to the collecting electrode plate 18 will be higher than the ability of the particles to adhere to the collecting electrode plate 18 under the condition that no current is applied during the slap. Another parameter that can be varied is whether the first hammer 24 and the second hammer 26 are used for the slap in the same situation, or whether the slap is performed using only one of the hammers 24, 26. Moreover, the number of occasions that cause the hammers 24, 26 to slap the collector electrode plate 18 will affect the amount of dust collected in the collected dust particles that are removed from the collector electrode plate 1188. Therefore, there are several different ways of tapping the collector electrode plate 18. The manner in which each of the slap collecting electrode plates 18 will have a quantity of dust particles removed from the collecting electrode plate 18, and also about being dispersed in the flue gas and leaving the electrostatic precipitator together with the dust-removing flue gas 8 The specific characteristics of the amount of dust particles (described below).

The dust particles removed from the collecting electrode plate 18 by the slap are collected in the funnel 28 and transported away.

2 illustrates a control system 30 that includes a data receiver 32, a data processor 34, a computing device 36, and a slam control device 38. The dust particle concentration analyzer 40, for example an opacity meter, analyzes the concentration of dust particles in the dust-removed flue gas 8 that has passed through the last field 14 on a continuous or periodic basis. The data receiver 32 receives information about the dust emission from the analyzer 40. In the data that the data receiver 32 has received from the analyzer 40, the data receiver 32 identifies the dust emission peak associated with a slamming event. Information regarding the magnitude of each dust particle emission peak and the point in time at which the dust particle emission peak occurs is transmitted to the data processor 34. Data processor 34 also receives information from tap control device 38. Information from the slap control device 38 and execution of individual shots The time point of the hit is related. Based on this information, data processor 34 couples the amplitude of a dust emission peak (which is caused by a slap) to a corresponding time that has elapsed since the previous slap was performed. Data processor 34 then forms a data record for each such peak, as will be explained below. The information contained in the data record is forwarded from the data processor 34 to the computing device 36. Computing device 36 prepares and/or updates a mathematical model. The mathematical model is adapted to predict a selected dust particle emission peak by one of the selected slaps based on the time of a selected slap followed by the previous slap (eg, by a future One of the amplitudes of one of the dust particles emitted by the slap. The mathematical model is forwarded to the control device 38. Based on the mathematical model, control device 38 determines an appropriate time for the future slap and a suitable type of slap to perform. The control device 38 then automatically transmits the signal to the slap device 22 at a desired point in time and also to the power source 20 under conditions that the current is to be applied, which is applied between the discharge electrode 16 and the collector electrode plate 18, In order to perform a desired type of slap. Thus, the signals transmitted by control device 38 may include which current should be applied by power source 20 during a slap, and as to whether it should operate and how the first motor 42 should be operated (which operates the first set of hammers 24) ), and whether it should operate and how the second motor 44 (which operates the second set of hammers 26) should be operated. Whenever a new data record is obtained, the mathematical model can be updated in conjunction with the next dust emission peak. Thus, control system 30 provides automatic control of the time, and manner in which the slap should be performed in the final field 14 in order to obtain a desired low dust emission peak.

FIG. 3 depicts an example of measurement data provided by analyzer 40. Y axis The opacity signal E (% of the maximum reading on the opacity meter) is described above, while the time T (minutes) is described on the X-axis. It has been found that the dust emission peaks (which are described in the form of dust emission peaks P1 and P2 in Fig. 3) correspond to the slap of the collecting electrode plate 18 of the last field 14. Therefore, once the slap is performed in the last field 14, the dust emission is increased to form the dust emission peaks P1, P2, which lasts for about 3 to 5 minutes. The first 10 slap and the second 12 slap usually have a lower impact on the dust emission. The reason for this is that the slap in the first field 10 or the slap in the second field 12 results in an increased dust emission from the particular field 10, 12. However, the dust particles emitted during the first field 10 or the second field 12 are effectively collected by the collecting electrode plate 18 of the last field 14. Thus, the effect of slap the first field 10 or slap the second field 12 is often absorbed by the last field 14, which is located downstream of the first field 10 and the second field 12. However, when a slap is performed in the last field 14, there is no downstream field that collects the dust particles released during the slap.

The amount of dust particles emitted during the dust emission peaks P1, P2 has a large influence on the fluctuation of the dust emission from the electrostatic precipitator 1. Therefore, the amount of dust particles released from the collecting electrode plate 18 of the last field 14 during the slap is related to the average fluctuation limit of the dust emission emitted by the authority. Depending on the country in which the electrostatic precipitator 1 is installed, the limit value may be, for example, a 6 minute fluctuation average or a 1 day fluctuation average. This portion of the dust emission caused by the dust particle emission peaks P1, P2 described in Fig. 3 has a significant influence on the dust emission from the electrostatic precipitator 1, especially for the short-term fluctuation average of dust emission, for example, reference The average of fluctuations in 30 minutes and shorter time periods. For example, a 6-minute fluctuation average value taken from the dust particle emission peak P1 will cause unsatisfaction. The risk of the launch limit of the authorities.

It has been found that the amplitude M of the dust particle emission peaks P1, P2 is largely dependent on the time that has elapsed since the slap immediately before the slap of the dust particle emission peaks P1, P2. The amplitude M of the dust particle emission peak P2 described in Fig. 3 therefore depends on the time t elapsed since the slap R' of the dust particle emission peak P1. Therefore, the amplitude M of the dust particle emission peak P2 caused by the slap R" depends on the time t that has elapsed since the slap R' immediately before the slap R". "Amplitude" is understood to mean a measure that defines the magnitude of the dust emission peaks P1, P2. Theoretically, the amplitude M of the dust emission peak P2 is the area covered by the peak P2. Regarding the way in which the dust emission rises and falls during the slap, each slap type has its own dust emission peak "fingerprint". The "fingerprint" is determined by the mechanical characteristics of the slap device 22, whether current is applied during the slap, and the like. In fact, it is often sufficiently accurate to approximate the amplitude M of the dust emission peak P2 by the height H of the dust emission peak P2 extending above the baseline dust emission B. The dust particle emission near the B-line of the baseline dust emission is located between the peaks P1 and P2 (that is, when there is no slap in the last field 14).

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the amplitudes H1, H2 of one of the dust particle emission peaks P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 caused by a slap and the corresponding time t1, t2 since the previous slap Relationship. The slap event is initially performed such that a time t1 spans between slap events R1, R2, R3. The slap events R1, R2, and R3 respectively cause dust particle emission peaks P1, P2, and P3, and the dust particle emission peaks P1, P2, and P3 each have an amplitude corresponding to a height H1. Soon, the time between the slaps of each slap event increased to time t2. Therefore, the slap event R4 and the slap event R5 are each self-aligned with the previous slap The event has been executed since time t2. The slap events R4 and R5 result in a dust particle emission peak P4 and a dust particle emission peak P5, respectively. The dust particle emission peaks P4 and P5 each have a height H2 which is much higher than the height H1 of the dust particle emission peaks P1 to P3. Therefore, it has been found that the magnitudes of the heights H1, H2 expressed as the dust particle emission peaks P1 to P5 depend on the time t1 that has elapsed since the slap event immediately before the slap event that caused the dust particle emission peak. T2. Therefore, the height H2 of the dust particle emission peak P4 caused by the slamming event R4 depends on the time t2 that has elapsed since the previous slamming event R3.

Figure 5 depicts an example of a mathematical model based on the dust particle emission peak height H and the corresponding time t that has elapsed since the slap event immediately prior to the slap event that caused the dust particle emission peak. measuring. Three measurements have been taken, which are depicted in Figure 5. Each measurement has resulted in a data record that includes the height H of the peak of the dust emission and the time t elapsed since the previous slam event. In addition, a fictitious data record of 0 has been added, which is located near the zero point (actually 1% peak at 1 minute). The fictitious data record 0 is excited by the fact that the continuous slap of the collecting electrode plate 18 does not show a peak (because dust particles are not collected under such conditions).

It has been found that the amplitude of the selected dust emission peak caused by a selected slap is the logarithm of the time elapsed since the slap immediately prior to the selected slap causing the selected dust emission peak ( The natural logarithm of a particular statement is proportional. Therefore, a curve fit is performed between the value of Table 1 of the height (H) of the peak and the natural logarithm of time (t). The obtained equation is: H(t)=7.2*1n(t[min])-5.6[%] (Equation 1.1)

Equation 1.1 is used as a mathematical model that illustrates the height H of one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (eg, a future dust particle emission peak) by a selected slap (eg, a future slap), based on The selected slap is expected to be the time t between the slap and the slap immediately prior to the selected slap to anticipate the selected slap.

Based on this mathematical model and suitable conditions (e.g., maximum allowable dust emission peak height), control device 38 can determine when to perform a slap time. If, for example, the environmental rule is such that the dust emission peak must not exceed 50% of the height H (because the limit of the 6-minute fluctuation average is at risk of being exceeded), then Equation 1.1 can be solved for t: =e ^{(H[%]+5.6)/7.2} [minutes] (Equation 2.1)

By introducing H = 50% into Equation 2.1, the following time t can be calculated: t = e ^{(50 [%] + 5.6) / 7.2} [minutes] = 2350 [minutes] (Equation 2.2)

The control device 38 may instruct the slap device 22 to perform a slap when the time t1 (which has been determined by the mathematical model) has elapsed since the previous slap.

The natural logarithmic function is adapted to simulate an amplitude H of one of the selected dust emission peaks caused by a selected slap by an expression having the following form and between the selected slap and the previous slap Between time t The factal magnitude H of the relationship is proportional to 1n (time t)

It is excited by the following physical background: the longer the time t since the previous slap, the more dust particles accumulated on the collecting electrode plate 18. The more dust particles accumulated on the collecting electrode plate 18, the more dust particles will be released during the slap. However, as the time since the previous slap is increased, the dust particles will experience increased cohesion while being on the collecting electrode plate 18. This cohesion offsets the increase in the amplitude of the dust emission peak to some extent. The total effect of the longer time t since the previous slap will result in an increase in the amplitude of the dust emission peak, but the increase will be less than the viscosity of the dust particles on the collecting electrode plate as illustrated by a linear function The increase caused by the gathering. As an alternative to the natural logarithmic function, it is also possible (although sometimes poor) to take advantage of other logarithmic functions and approximations of logarithmic functions. An approximation by a logarithmic function means, for example, a mathematical function similar to a logarithmic function, a trigonometric function, a piecewise linear curve fitting, and the like.

Figure 6a illustrates an example of how to predict the height HF of one of the future dust particle emission peaks PF caused by a future slap event RF from a given time t that has elapsed since the previous slam event R1.

Figure 6b illustrates an example of how to predict a time tF from a slam event R1 before a future slap event RF is predicted based on a given height H of a future dust emission peak PF.

The mathematical model according to Equation 1.1 is based on only three data records plus a fictitious data record. A mathematical model can also be obtained from only one or two data records plus the fictitious data record. Mathematics based on these data records The model can be thought of as a "starting model." However, the conditions in the electrostatic precipitator 1 vary, and therefore, if the mathematical model is not updated, the mathematical model may become unsuitable for the control of the slap. In order to consider changing conditions (such as different types of fuels burned, etc.), and also for the purpose of improving the accuracy of the mathematical model when the operating conditions are stable, it is preferable to update the mathematical model with new data records when measuring new data records. .

Figure 7 is a flow diagram depicting the method by which control system 30 operates. In step A, the dust particle emission after the last field 14 is measured. A peak P _{N is} identified which is related to the slap event R _{N of the} last field 14. Any "peaks" related to the calibration of the dust analyzer, etc., are ignored.

In step B, the height H _{N of the} peak P _N is coupled to the time t _N that has elapsed since the last field 14 immediately following the previous slam event (ie, the slap event R _N-1 ). DESCRIPTION final time t _N farm collector 14 of the electrode plate 18 to collect the dust particles have been launched after the event slap R _N-1 event execution slap R _N long. The time t _N forms a data record with the corresponding height H _N .

In step C, a mathematical model is adapted for the data record. If step C is performed for the first time, one, two or more data records obtained from the start of the operation of the electrostatic precipitator 1 are adapted to a mathematical model. If, on the other hand, an available mathematical model already exists, the mathematical model is updated with a new data record containing t _N and H _N .

In step D, based on the mathematical model, the time tN _{+1 to} be elapsed before the next slap event RN _{+1 is} to be executed is controlled. A certain kind of condition is usually used for this control. An example of this condition is that the height H of the peak of the dust emission must not exceed a certain value Hmax. The height H _N+1 is set to Hmax and is introduced into the mathematical model. Next, as explained above with reference to FIG. 5 and Equation 2.1, the time t _{N+1 is} calculated.

Sequences A, B, C, and D have a loop such that at the end of step D, N is set to N+1 and step A begins, which is depicted in FIG. In this way, whenever a slap event has been performed, a new data record is obtained which contains the measured height H _{N of the} most recent dust emission peak and the corresponding time t _N . New data records can be used to update the mathematical model to make the mathematical model better predict the peak height H of the dust emission as a function of time t. Due to the loop, the mathematical model can be continuously updated, making the mathematical model better predicting the peak height of the dust emission.

It should be understood that the conditions under which the electrostatic precipitator 1 operates may undergo changes during operation. Such variations include changes in the characteristics of the collected dust particles on the electrode plate 18, changes in the characteristics of the flue gas 4, physical changes in the interior of the electrostatic precipitator 1, and the like. In view of such possible changes, a data filter is suitable when updating the mathematical model in step C. The data filter can be set, for example, in such a manner that a new data record is given a higher weight (compared to the old data record) when the mathematical model is updated. A very simple method of obtaining the data filter function involves performing a curve fit (which forms the basis of the mathematical model) twice to include a new data record. The oldest data record can be discarded before the curve fit is performed. Table 2 illustrates how to include an example of a new data record IV (as compared to the situation described in Table 1) twice (as IV' and IV") while discarding the oldest data record (data record I). Then in Table 2 Perform a curve fit on the value.

Based on the values in Table 2, a new curve fit can be performed and the following updated mathematical model can be obtained: H(t)=6.9*1n(t)-2.2 (Equation 1.2)

When another data record V system is available, record the data twice for V' and V", and only use the data record IV once, and discard the data record II before performing curve fitting, etc. Although the table 2 commentary A very simple method of filtering data records, giving new data records a greater impact on updated mathematical models (compared to old data records), but it should be understood that many different types of data filters that are well known in nature can be used. Those skilled in the art will be able to find a setting of a data filter for a certain electrostatic precipitator 1 that is suitable for rapid updating of new operating conditions by routine experimentation. It will be appreciated that many alternative data filters may be utilized. Conducting a quality assessment to give a high impact of the reliable data record on the mathematical model update (compared to less reliable data). This quality assessment can, for example, give a lower score of the data obtained during the disturbance of the detected procedure. Weights.

How to update the mathematical model whenever a new data record becomes available is explained above. According to an alternative embodiment, a bias term is added to the mathematical model to allow automatic adjustment during continuous operation to utilize one of the selected dust blast peaks caused by a selected slap and the amplitude of the selected slap is tight The relationship between one of the previous slaps. Update the partial term based on each new data record instead of updating the core of the mathematical model. Therefore, the mathematical model is updated via the bias term, and thereby it is adjusted to suit the actual operating conditions without changing the basic relationship. This partial term moves the mathematical model between a series of curves, but does not redefine the shape of the curve. This control can be implemented by using an equation of the form: H _predicted (t) = 1n(t) + bias _N (Equation 3.1)

The partial term is updated by an adjustment term (which is calculated as the difference between the measured and predicted amplitude of the dust emission peak): bias _adjust =H _measured (t)-H _predicted (t) (Equation 3.2)

This partial term can now be updated by the following equation: bias _N+1 =bias _N +bias _adjust (Equation 3.3)

In actual operation, the control by the slap device 22 using the partial term as described above can be implemented in a control block (which employs the differentiation of the mathematical model described above). In this control block, the slope of the fitted curve is used as the starting offset. The slope of 7.2 can be derived from Equation 1.1 and can be used as the starting offset. The control block will perform the following operations: First, based on the selected peak and immediately before the peak, the difference Δ is calculated for the peak height H of the dust emission and the elapsed time t: ΔH = H _{N -} H _N-1 (Equation 3.4) Δt=t _N -t _N-1 (Equation 3.5)

The desired peak height variation is then calculated to achieve the desired peak height H _desired : ΔH _required =H _desired -H _N (Equation 3.6)

Then, if Δt is not zero, calculate bias _new :bias _new =△H/Δt (Equation 3.7)

The offset can now be updated: bias _N+1 =bias _N *biasfilter+biasnew *(1-biasfilter) (Equation 3.8)

The desired change in the elapsed time can then be calculated: Δt _required = ΔH _required /bias _N+1 (Equation 3.9)

The time point t _{N+1 of the} next scheduled slap event can then be calculated from the mathematical model as: t _N+1 =t _N +e(Δt _required ) (Equation 3.10)

Finally, N=N+1, and the program is started again with the new data record.

The biasfilter is a factor that is preferably adapted to a rapid degree of rapid adaptation to varying conditions, typically set to a value in the range of 0.2 to 0.8. The biasfilter factor takes into account measurement errors, accidental aberrations of measured values, and the like.

Figure 8 illustrates the effects of different types of slaps. As explained above, the slap can be performed in different ways. For example, the slap can be performed by simultaneously operating the first hammer 24 and the second hammer 26, or by operating only one of the hammers 24, 26. In Fig. 8, RA indicates that only the first hammer 24 is used for the slap. Each slap RA causes a dust particle emission peaks P1, P2, and P3 having a height H1. However, the slap only with the hammer 24 may result in insufficient dust removal of the collecting electrode plate 18. Therefore, using some intervals to perform the operation of two hammers 24, 26 RB. When the first RB type slap is performed, the slap RB results in a very high dust emission peak P4 (having a height H4) which has accumulated on the collecting electrode plate 18 during the RA type slap. The fact that some dust particles are released. When a second RB type slap is performed, the slap is performed on the collecting electrode plate 18 on which no dust is accumulated, so that the height H5 of the dust particle emission peak P5 is lower than the height H4 of the dust particle emission peak P4. As will be understood from Fig. 8, the time elapsed between the slaps is constant, which is time t1. The peaks P1, P2, P3 obtained by the slap of the RA slap type are different from the peaks P4, P5 obtained by the slap of the RB slap type. In addition, the dust particle emission peak P4 obtained when directly performing an RB slap type slap after a RA slap type slap is directly performed after an RB slap type type after another RB slap type slap. The dust particle emission peak P5 obtained when slamming is high. In order to consider this characteristic, it is preferable to adopt a specific mathematical model for each type of slap, so that the peak height of the dust emission can be accurately predicted for each slap type. Thus, with the example depicted in FIG. 8, a mathematical model can be preferably employed for each slap of the RA slap type, and another mathematical model is employed for each slap of the RB slap type. If an electrostatic precipitator 1 is designed to employ more than one type of slap (eg, slap from both sides of the collector electrode plate 18 and slap from only one side of the collector electrode plate 18), then Preferably, the method and control system 30 are adapted to select an appropriate mathematical model relative to the type of slap to be performed, and to apply the mathematical model when calculating the desired elapsed time before the next slap of the particular type is performed. Each data record (which contains information about the peak height H of the dust emission and the time t that has elapsed) may additionally provide a first label R indicating which slap is performed. Types. This first label R is employed to ensure that the relevant mathematical model is updated, ie a mathematical model corresponding to the particular type of slap. Therefore, a data record indicating the dust emission peak value P4 preferably includes a height H4, a time t1, and a tap type RB as the first label. This data record is used to update the mathematical model corresponding to the RB slap type.

Moreover, it is preferred to also adjust each mathematical model to account for the slap history, i.e., the type of slap that has been taken before the slap. Preferably, the adjustment is made in such a manner that the mathematical model considers the fact that the slap of an RA slap type is preceded by the slap of the first RB slap type that causes the dust particle emission peak P4. An RB slap type slap is before the slap of the second RB slap type that causes the dust particle emission peak P5. In order to make it possible to consider historical information, each data record preferably provides a second label. The second tag indicates what type of slap is performed immediately following a previous slap event, or as needed, under a number of previous slamming events. There are several different ways to consider historical information about the type of slap. One method employs a particular mathematical model for each combination of a type of slap to be performed and a type of slap that has been performed prior to the slap. In this case, referring to FIG. 8, when a slap of a RA slap type is used, a slap for one RB slap type will be utilized for a slap, and before the slap of another RB slap type Another mathematical model will be utilized for the slap of an RB slap type.

A certain type of compensation factor can also be used, which takes into account the type of slap performed in the previous slap. For example, the dust particle emission peak height calculated by a mathematical model corresponding to an RB slap type may be increased by, for example, 5% if the previous slap event is a RA slap type slap, and previously slap In the case of a slap of an RB slap type, it is reduced by, for example, 5%. Therefore, a data record indicating the dust emission peak value P4 will preferably include the dust particle emission peak height H4, the elapsed time t1, the slap type of the RB slap type as the first label, and a RA shot as the second label. The fact that the slap of the hit type precedes the slap that caused the peak P4. This data record is used to update the mathematical model of the slap corresponding to an RB slap type, and to compensate for the fact that a RA slap type slap is before the slap of the RB slap type.

The control device 38 can be set to control the conditions under which the slap is based in accordance with the emission criteria used in the country. The emission limit of the dust particles after the last field 14 can be, for example, 10 mg/Nm ³ dry gas (which is a 6-minute fluctuation average, or as a one-day fluctuation average). Therefore, there is usually a preset fluctuation average limit value, and it is necessary to control the tap with respect to the preset fluctuation average limit value. For example, the actual fluctuation average using an opacity timer can be calculated as:

Where n is the number of sampling points during the fluctuation averaging period (for example, during a 6 minute period, or during a day). Based on knowledge of measured baseline dust emission (ie, dust emission between two slamming events), one of the dust emission peaks caused by a slap will occur during a 6 minute or one day period Next, you can simulate which volatility average will be generated. Based on this simulation, the maximum allowable dust emission peak amplitude, such as the maximum dust emission peak height, can be determined. Such a maximum dust particle emission peak height is input as an input to the control device 38 so that the control device 38 can control the static electricity set based on the mathematical model to avoid the dust particle emission peak exceeding the maximum dust particle emission peak height. The last field 14 of the duster 1 is tapped. Thus, it is meant that the control device 38 controls the slap by controlling the time between the slap and a future slap, and/or the type of slap to be performed.

Figure 9 illustrates an electrostatic precipitator 101 in accordance with an alternate embodiment. The design of the electrostatic precipitator 101 is similar to the design of the electrostatic precipitator 1 described above. Control system 130 includes a computing device 136 and a slam control device 138 (which is operable to initiate a slap in the last field 114 of electrostatic precipitator 101). The slap control device 138 controls the current condition of the last field 114 during the slap, i.e., whether the power source 120 applies a current between the electrodes (not shown in Figure 9). In addition, the slamming control device 138 also controls a slamming device 122 to control whether it should operate and how the first motor 142 (which operates the first group of hammers (not shown in FIG. 9)), and whether it should operate and how it should operate. A second motor 144 (which operates a second set of hammers (not shown in Figure 9)).

The computing device is in the form of a PID controller 136 and is operable to determine when the slam control device 138 should initiate a slap in the last field 114. The PID controller 136 receives information from the dust concentration analyzer 140. The dust particle concentration analyzer 140, which may be, for example, an opacity meter, analyzes the concentration of dust particles in the dust-removed flue gas 8 that has passed through the last field 114 on a continuous or periodic basis. Information about the measured opacity (i.e., the measured amplitude of one of the dust emission peaks caused by one of the last fields 114) is sent from the dust concentration analyzer 140 to the PID controller 136 (which compares The measured amplitude is the target value of the peak emission amplitude of a dust particle. The PID controller 136 adjusts, as necessary, the time elapsed prior to indicating that the slap control device 138 performs another slap of the collector electrode plate of the last field 114. Therefore, the PID controller 136 is used to automatically track the elapsed time. The purpose of t (which will result in a peak of the dust emission peak as close as possible to the target value of the peak amplitude of the dust emission), using one of the peaks of the selected dust emission caused by a selected slap The fact that there is a relationship between the selected slap and the time immediately following the previous slap. Thus, the PID controller 136 provides when the automatic control of the slap should be performed in order to obtain the magnitude of a desired dust emission peak. It should be understood that the PID controller 136 utilizes a range of selected dust particle emission peaks caused by a selected slap and a time (t) between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap. The fact of the relationship, without using the actual mathematical model that represents the relationship. Therefore, the PID controller can be said to operate according to a modelless algorithm. Alternative controller types (including PI controllers and model-free adaptive controllers) can also be used to control the final field slap and also operate according to a no-model algorithm. The more advanced controller may have other functions that control which type of slap the slap control device 138 should perform in combination with the time prior to controlling the execution of the slap, or the time prior to the execution of the slap in place of the control.

It will be appreciated that many variations of the specific embodiments described above are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

For example, it has been explained above that the control system 30 can utilize a mathematical model to determine the expected peak height after a certain time since the previous slap, or to determine the time to obtain a peak of the dust emission for a certain height. It should be understood that other control strategies may also be employed. For example, control device 38 can be adapted to perform an iterative calculation to obtain a sequence of desired durations and a sequence of slap types that are desired to provide low dust emission. This sequence can be used as an example similar to the sequence depicted in FIG.

As explained above, the slap is performed by the hammers 24, 26. Other types of slaps can also be used, such as a so-called magnetic pulsed gravity impact slapper (also known as a MIGI slapper) to perform a slap. Another possibility is to use only one set of hammers, for example only the hammer 24, whereby only one side of the collecting electrode plate 18 is tapped.

As explained above, the mathematical model employs a relationship in which the height of the peak of the dust emission is proportional to the logarithm of the time (in particular, the natural logarithm) of the time since the previous slap. It should be understood that other mathematical model types may be employed. For example, in some cases it may be sufficiently accurate to adapt a linear model, or an exponential model, to the data record, especially when the data record and the relevant operational scope are relatively narrow since the time immediately following the previous slap. Under the conditions of the range.

As explained above, the height H of the peak of the dust emission is often a good approximation of the magnitude of the peak of the dust emission. As an alternative to the peak height H, the magnitude of the dust emission peak can also be represented by other quantities (e.g., the area of the dust emission peak, etc.).

As explained above, an independent mathematical model is preferably used to predict the peak height of each slap type. It should be understood that if the peak heights of certain types of slaps are found to be similar, then the same mathematical model can be used for these types of slaps. For example, if it is found that only the slap of the first set of hammers 24 provides a peak height similar to that of the second set of hammers 26, then the two slap types may utilize the same mathematical model.

As explained above, it is often better to control the time in the last field 14 before the execution of a slap. However, it can also be operated a fixed number of times to execute Slap, such as performing a slap once or twice at a fixed hour every day. In this case, the control system 30 can control which type of slap to perform based on a mathematical model for different types of slaps in order to avoid large dust emission peaks, and still manage to avoid accumulation of dust over the collection electrode plates over time. 18 on. As explained above, it is often preferred to have control system 30 control the time it takes to perform a slap and the type of slap to be performed.

Although the control system 30 and the method have been described above for controlling when and/or how a slap is performed, the control system 30 and/or the method can also be utilized to predict a dust emission over a certain period of time. The magnitude of the peak, or the time before the peak of the dust emission of a certain magnitude is predicted. This information can be used in the development and design of electrostatic precipitators and in the activation of electrostatic precipitators.

An option to update the mathematical model has been described above to update the model with new measured data records and to give a closer weight to the data record (compared to older data records). It should be understood that there are other ways to update the model. One possible method is to collect data records in one or more "buckets". A data record is picked up from this "bucket" to update the mathematical model. For example, a "bucket" can be utilized for full load conditions, one "barrel" for half load conditions and one "bucket" for low load conditions. If, for example, the model is to be updated to match the half load condition, data records relating to the half load condition (or conditions close to the half load condition) may be collected from the "bucket" containing such data and may be used to update the mathematics. The model so that it will provide a relevant basis for controlling the slap under semi-load conditions. Therefore, the "bucket" contains one source of the data record, or a "memory" so that the appropriate data record can be picked up to be relative to the operating conditions. Prepare or update a related mathematical model. The new data record is placed in the relevant "bucket" and can replace the old data record of the same "bucket". The use of "barrels" (which of course can be related to other operating conditions that are different from the operating conditions just loaded) increases the accuracy of the model, since the model is updated using data from the relevant "bucket" and therefore does not A large amount of data records related to the type of operating conditions to offset the model.

As explained above, the control system 30 can be used to control the slap of the last field 14 of the electrostatic precipitator 1 and/or to predict the emission of dust particles from the electrostatic precipitator 1. This control system 30 can be an independent control system or can be integrated into an overall program computer that controls the operation of the entire combustion apparatus. Another option that may be very attractive (especially when predicting the emission of dust particles) is the use of a pocket calculator, laptop, or personal digital assistant (PDA) as the control system. In this case, the mathematical model is only programmed into the device, so that the microprocessor of the device is used as the data processor 34, which can then be used as a dust for electrostatic precipitator. Handheld tool for predicting grain emissions.

1‧‧‧Electrostatic dust collector

2‧‧‧ entrance

4‧‧‧flue gas

6‧‧‧Export

8‧‧‧flue gas

9‧‧‧ Shell

10‧‧‧ first game

12‧‧‧ Second

14‧‧‧ final field

16‧‧‧Discharge electrode

18‧‧‧Collecting electrode/collecting electrode plate

20‧‧‧Power supply

22‧‧‧Slap device

24‧‧‧First Hammer

26‧‧‧Second hammer

28‧‧‧ funnel

30‧‧‧Control system

32‧‧‧ data receiver

34‧‧‧ Data Processor

36‧‧‧ Computing device

38‧‧‧Slap control device

40‧‧‧dust particle concentration analyzer

42‧‧‧First motor

44‧‧‧second motor

101‧‧‧Electrostatic dust collector

114‧‧‧ final field

120‧‧‧Power supply

122‧‧‧Slap device

130‧‧‧Control system

136‧‧‧Computing device/PID controller

138‧‧‧Slap control device

140‧‧‧dust concentration analyzer

142‧‧‧First motor

144‧‧‧second motor

The invention has been described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view and illustrates an electrostatic precipitator.

Figure 2 is a side view and illustrates the electrostatic precipitator and a control system.

Figure 3 illustrates a plot of measured dust particle emission peaks.

Figure 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of dust emission peaks.

Figure 5 illustrates an example of a model illustrating the peak height of the dust particle emission caused by a selected slap as it has been since the previous slap between.

Figure 6a illustrates how to determine the height of one of the peaks of future dust emission.

Figure 6b illustrates the decision of the time required to perform a future slap.

Figure 7 illustrates a flow chart of a method of controlling the slap of the last field.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram and illustrates the dust emission peaks obtained by different types of slaps.

Figure 9 is a side elevational view and illustrates an electrostatic precipitator and a control system in accordance with an alternate embodiment.

1‧‧‧Electrostatic dust collector

4‧‧‧flue gas

8‧‧‧flue gas

20‧‧‧Power supply

22‧‧‧Slap device

30‧‧‧Control system

32‧‧‧ data receiver

34‧‧‧ Data Processor

36‧‧‧ Computing device

38‧‧‧Slap control device

40‧‧‧dust particle concentration analyzer

42‧‧‧First motor

44‧‧‧second motor

Claims (28)

A method for controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator (1), the electrostatic precipitator (1) having a final field (14), the discharge field (16) providing a discharge electrode (16) (18), and a slap device (22) adapted to smear the collector electrode (18) for dust removal, which is characterized by the following steps i) Using a relationship between one of the peaks of the dust emission (H) selected by one of the selected slaps and a time (t) between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap, and ii Based on the relationship, adjusting at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: the time (t) of the desired duration before the slap in the last field (14), and the execution of the last field (14) The type of slap. In the method of claim 1, the step ii) further comprises calculating a fluctuation average value, each corresponding to an average dust emission during a predetermined period period, and adjusting the last value relative to a predetermined fluctuation average limit value based on the relationship The tapping of the collecting electrodes (18) of the field (14). The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein in the step i), identifying the type of slap to be used, and selecting a slap type specific model for use in step i), such selection The slap type specific model is one of the selected dust blasting peak amplitudes (H) caused by a selected slap and the selected slap between the identified specific slap types and the previous slap. A model of this relationship between times (t). The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein in the step i), when one of the peaks of the dust emission peak (H) is selected and selected by a selected slap, When the relationship between the slap and one of the time (t) between the previous slaps is identified, the type of slap performed prior to the selected slap is identified and considered, the type of the previous slap being identified. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the amplitude (H) of one of the selected dust particle emission peaks caused by a selected slap is represented by the following formula This relationship between the time (t) immediately before the previous slap: amplitude (H) Function (time (t)), where the function is selected from the following functions: a logarithmic function, and an approximation of a logarithmic function, which is preferably a natural logarithmic function. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the amplitude (H) of one of the selected dust particle emission peaks caused by a selected slap is obtained by the following step a mathematical model A of the relationship between the time (t) between previous taps A) measuring the dust emission after the last field (14) to identify at least one collecting electrode with the last field (14) ( 18) The peak of the dust emission (P2; P4) related to the slap (R2; R4), and B) the measurement range (H1; H2) of each of the dust emission peaks (P2; P4) and Coupling time (t1; t2) of the at least one collecting electrode (18) of the last field (14) immediately after the previous slap (R1; R3) Combining to form a data record, each such data record including the amplitude (H1; H2) of the dust particle emission peak (P2; P4) and the corresponding time since the previous slap (R1; R3) (t1; t2), and C) based on the data records, preparing one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by a selected slap and the selected slap immediately following the previous slap The model of the relationship between this time (t). In the method of claim 6, the step B) further includes including, in each data record, a first label indicating the type of the shot used to obtain the peak of the dust emission (P4), the step C) Further comprising preparing a slap type specific model for each slap type based on the first label. In the method of claim 7, the step B) further includes including, in each data record, a second label, the specific label being executed before the tap related to the amplitude, time and the first label of the data record. Regarding the historical information of the slap type, the step C) further includes considering the historical information in each of the slap type specific models. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the amplitude (H) of one of the selected dust particle emission peaks caused by one of the selected slaps is updated by the following step A mathematical model D of the relationship between the times (t) between previous taps is measured by the dust particle emission after the last field (14) to identify at least one collecting electrode with the last field (14) (18) a slap (R5) related dust emission peak (P5), E) a measured amplitude (H2) of the dust emission peak (P5) and the at least one collecting electrode from the last field (14) (18) Since the previous slap (R4) The corresponding time (t2) of the duration is coupled to form a data record comprising the amplitude (H2) of the dust particle emission peak (P5) and the time since the previous slap (R4) Corresponding time (t2), and F) based on the data record, updating one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by a selected slap and between the selected slap and the previous slap The mathematical model of the relationship between one of the times (t). In the method of claim 9, the step E) further includes including, in each data record, a first label indicating the type of the shot used to obtain the peak of the dust emission, and the step F) further includes updating A specific mathematical model corresponding to a slap type of the slap type represented by the first label. In the method of claim 10, the step E) further includes including, in each data record, a second label including the specific shot performed prior to the slap associated with the amplitude, time, and first label of the data record. The historical information about the type of the hit, the step F) further comprising updating one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by a selected slap and the selected slap and the immediately following slap The mathematical model of the relationship between the times (t) takes into account the historical information. The method of claim 9, wherein a data filter is used when updating the mathematical model during step F). The method of claim 1, wherein based on the relationship, adjusting at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: a time (t) of the desired duration before a tap is performed in the last field (14), and the last field (14) The shot to be executed The step of the hit type is performed by measuring the amplitude of one of the dust emission peaks caused by the slap of the at least one collecting electrode of the collecting electrodes (18) of the last field (14) Sending information about the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak to a computing device (136), the computing device (136) comparing the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak with a dust particle emission peak amplitude target value, and The target for minimizing the peak value of the dust particle emission and the subsequent dust particle emission peak caused by one of the at least one collecting electrode of the collecting electrode (18) of the last field (14) For the purpose of measuring the difference between the amplitudes, the computing device (136) automatically adjusts at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: the time in the last field (14) before the subsequent slap is to be performed ( t), and the type of subsequent slaps to be performed in the last field (14). The method of claim 13, wherein the computing device (136) comprises a controller operating in accordance with a modelless algorithm, such as a PI controller, a PID controller, or a modelless adaptive controller. A method for predicting emission of dust particles during the slap of at least one collection electrode (18) of one of the last fields (14) of an electrostatic precipitator (1), the last field (14) providing a discharge electrode (16) a collecting electrode (18), and a slamming device (22) adapted to smear the collecting electrodes (18) for dusting thereof, the method being characterized The following steps: using one of the peaks of the dust emission peak (H) selected by one of the selected slaps and the time between the selected slap and the previous slap a relationship between (t) and based on one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by a selected slap and the time between the selected slap and the previous slap The relationship between (t) predicts a parameter selected from the following parameters: 1) the magnitude (HF) of the dust particle emission peak (PF) caused by a selected slap, based on the selected slap It is the time (t) of the previous slap, and 2) the time (tF) of the selected slap and its immediate slap, which is based on the selected slap. The amplitude (H) of one of the dust emission peaks (PF). The method of claim 15, wherein the amplitude (H) of one of the selected dust emission peaks caused by one of the selected slaps is represented by the following formula, and the selected slap is immediately followed by the previous slap The relationship between this time (t): amplitude (H) Function (time (t)), where the function is selected from the following functions: a logarithmic function, and an approximation of a logarithmic function, which is preferably a natural logarithmic function. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the parameter is predicted to utilize a mathematical model which is selected by a selected slap to cause one of the peaks of the dust emission peak (H) and the selected slap An approximation of the relationship between the times (t) between previous snappings. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the obtaining a mathematics is obtained by the following steps Model A) measuring the dust particle emission after the last field (14) to identify a dust emission peak associated with the slap (R2; R4) of the at least one collecting electrode (18) of the last field (14) (P2; P4), B) the measurement amplitude (H1; H2) of each of the dust particle emission peaks (P2; P4) and the at least one collection electrode (188) from the last field (14) The corresponding time (t1; t2) elapsed immediately after the previous slap (R1; R3) is coupled to form a data record, each such data record including the amplitude (H1; H2) of the peak (P2; P4) and The corresponding time (t1; t2) from the time immediately following the previous slap (R1; R3), and C) based on the data records, preparing a peak of selected dust emission caused by a selected slap One of the magnitude (H) and the mathematical model between the selected slap and the time (t) between the previous slaps. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by one of the selected slaps is updated by the following step, and the selected slap is immediately followed by the previous slap a mathematical model of the relationship between the times (t) between the measurements D) measuring the dust emission after the last field (14) to identify one of the collecting electrodes (18) with the last field (14) a dust particle emission peak (P5) related to the slap (R5), E) the measured amplitude (H2) of the dust particle emission peak (P5) and the at least one collecting electrode (18) from the last field (14) The corresponding time (t2) of the time immediately preceding the previous slap (R4) is coupled to form a data record Recorded, such data record includes the amplitude (H2) of the peak (P5) and the corresponding time (t2) since the previous slap (R4), and F) based on the data record, updated borrowing The mathematical model of the relationship between one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) and one of the time (t) between the selected slap and the immediately preceding slap caused by a selected slap. A control system for controlling the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator (1) having a final field (14) that provides a discharge electrode ( 16) a collecting electrode (18) and a slamming device (22) adapted to be dusted by slamming the collecting electrodes (18), characterized by the control The system (30) includes a control device (38; 138) operable to select one of the peaks of the dust emission peak (H) based on one of the selected slaps and the selected slap Immediately following a relationship between the times (t) between previous snappings, at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: the time of the desired duration before a tap is to be performed in the last field (14) (t ), and the type of slap to be performed in the last field (14). The control system of claim 20, wherein the control device (38) is operative to utilize a mathematical model for controlling the parameter, wherein one of the peaks of the dust emission is selected by one of the selected slaps ( H) An approximation of the relationship between the time (t) between the immediately preceding slap and the selected slap. The control system of claim 21, wherein the control system (30) further comprises a data receiver (32) operative to receive measurement data relating to the emission of the dust particles after the last field (14), and identifying at least one of the last field (14) in the measurement data Collecting a dust particle emission peak (P5) related to the slap (R5) of the electrode (18), a data processor (34) operable to make the measurement range of the dust particle emission peak (P5) (H2) Coupling with the corresponding time (t2) of the at least one collecting electrode (18) of the last field (14) from the previous tap (R4) to form a data record, the data record comprising The amplitude (H2) of the peak (P5) and the corresponding time (t2) since the previous slap (R4), and a computing device (36) operable to be based on the data Recording, updating, the mathematical model by one of the selected slaps, one of the peaks of the selected dust emission peak (H) and the time between the selected slap and the previous slap ( An approximation of this relationship between t). The control system according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the amplitude (H) of one of the selected dust emission peaks caused by a selected slap is represented by the following formula The relationship between the time (t) followed by the previous slap: amplitude (H) Function (time (t)), where the function is selected from the following functions: a logarithmic function, and an approximation of a logarithmic function, which is preferably a natural logarithmic function. The control system of any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the control device (38) is operable to adjust the type of the slap to be performed and the time of the desired lapse before the slap is performed. In the control system of claim 20, wherein a computing device (136) is operable to receive a dust caused by a tapping of at least one of the collecting electrodes of the collecting electrodes (18) of the last field (14) Measuring data relating to the measured amplitude of the particle emission peak, the computing device (136) is further adapted to compare the measured amplitude of the dust particle emission peak with a dust particle emission peak amplitude target value, and for minimizing the The dust particle emission peak amplitude target value is between the measured amplitude of one of the subsequent dust particle emission peaks caused by the subsequent slap of one of the at least one collecting electrode of the collecting electrode (18) of the last field (14) For the purpose of the difference, the control device (138) automatically induces an adjustment of at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of: the time in the last field (14) before the subsequent slap is to be performed (t ), and the subsequent slap type to be executed in the last field (14). A control system for predicting the emission of dust particles from an electrostatic precipitator (1) having a final field (14) that provides a discharge electrode ( 16) a collecting electrode (18) and a slamming device (22) adapted to be dusted by slamming the collecting electrodes (18), characterized by the control The system (30) includes a data processor (34) operative to utilize one of the selected dust particle emission peaks (H) caused by a selected slap and immediately adjacent to the selected slap a relationship between the time (t) of the previous slap, The data processor (34) is further operable to be based on a magnitude (H) of one of the dust emission peaks caused by a selected slap and between the selected slap and the previous slap The relationship between times (t) predicts a parameter selected from the following parameters: 1) the amplitude (HF) of the dust emission peak (PF) caused by a selected slap based on the selection The time (t) of the slap followed by one of the previous slaps, and 2) the time (tF) of the selected slap followed by the previous slap, based on the selection The amplitude (H) of one of the dust emission peaks (PF) caused by the slap. The control system of claim 26, wherein the control device (38) is operative to utilize a mathematical model for predicting the parameter, wherein one of the peaks of the dust emission is selected by one of the selected slaps ( H) An approximation of the relationship between the selected slap and the time (t) between the previous slaps and the previous slap. The control system of claim 27, wherein the control system further comprises a data receiver (32) operative to identify at least one of the collection electrodes of the collection electrodes (18) of the last field (14) The peak of the dust emission (P5) associated with (R5) and the measured amplitude (H2) of each of the dust emission peaks (P5) and the collecting electrodes from the last field (14) (18) The corresponding time (t2) of the at least one collecting electrode immediately after the previous tap (R4) is coupled to form a data record, each such data record including the amplitude of the peak (P5) (H2) And the corresponding time (t2) since the previous slap (R4), The data processor (34) is further operable to update the mathematical model based on the data record.