TWI490034B - 製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法 - Google Patents
製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI490034B TWI490034B TW099138726A TW99138726A TWI490034B TW I490034 B TWI490034 B TW I490034B TW 099138726 A TW099138726 A TW 099138726A TW 99138726 A TW99138726 A TW 99138726A TW I490034 B TWI490034 B TW I490034B
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- hydrogenation
- acid
- supported
- hydrogenation catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 66
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於一種製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法、藉由該方法而獲得之氫化觸媒、其用於氫化具有羰基之有機化合物之用途及用於氫化具有羰基之有機化合物之相應的方法。
具有羰基之有機化合物在經承載氫化觸媒上予以氫化係本身已知。舉例而言,WO 2007/006719闡述一種觸媒及一種用於氫化羰基化合物之方法。使用之觸媒係藉由硝酸銅溶液、硝酸鋁溶液及硝酸鑭溶液與碳酸鈉之混合物之沉澱而製備。將所沉澱的觸媒乾燥及煅燒,及壓實。將壓實物與銅薄片及石墨混合及壓製成錠狀物。在用於氫化之前,將此等錠狀物以水或蒸汽預處理。其陳述該處理係在100至140℃的溫度及1至30 bar的壓力下進行,且所用之水可藉由諸如硝酸、硫酸或鹽酸之無機酸或碳酸鈉或氫氧化鈉溶液之助將pH調節至4至9,較佳為6至8.5。
已發現具有保持成形體高度穩定性之增強氫化活性及選擇性的觸媒。
然而,觸媒之起始活性對於某些應用而言仍然需要改善。
因此,本發明之一目的係提供一種在不降低經承載觸媒之選擇性或機械穩定性下,製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法。
該目標係根據本發明藉由製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法而達成,其包括在含Al2
O3
之承載材料上之氫化金屬及/或氫化金屬之氧化物,該經煅燒之經承載氫化觸媒係在其最終成形之前或之後且在其使用於氫化之前經具有pH>10之鹼溶液及在20至120℃的範圍內之溫度下處理1至300小時。
已發現,根據本發明,尤其係在承載材料中包括氧化鋁之經承載氫化觸媒的情況下,該觸媒之活性可在不負面影響選擇性及機械穩定性下,藉由在pH>10下之鹼處理而明顯增強。此包括以pH>10鹼溶液或在pH>10下之處理。
術語「經承載氫化觸媒」包括含氫化金屬或亦包括承載材料之氫化金屬之觸媒。例如,該觸媒可為彼等其中觸媒承載物經氫化金屬浸漬處理者。同樣涵蓋的係藉由共沉澱,即其中氫化金屬或其鹽或氧化物係與該承載材料一起自前驅物溶液沉澱之觸媒。一般而言,該觸媒可藉由任何適宜的方法獲得,但限制條件為氫化金屬及含Al2
O3
之承載材料係彼此緊靠存在。該觸媒可為未經承載觸媒、經浸漬觸媒、蛋殼觸媒或經沉澱觸媒。適宜的觸媒係(例如)闡述於WO 2007/006719、US 2008/0299390、US 2008/0071120及US 7,510,591中。
根據本發明所製備之經承載氫化觸媒包括含Al2
O3
之承載材料。該承載材料較佳包括大於50重量%及更佳大於75重量%的Al2
O3
。其可為純Al2
O3
承載物或包含Al2
O3
之承載材料,其另外包括(例如)其他金屬氧化物,諸如氧化鈰、二氧化鈦、氧化鋯、二氧化矽及/或氧化鑭。此外,該承載物,除鋁外亦可包括其他金屬。任何剩下的部份亦較佳包括金屬氧化物。
所用之氫化金屬可為用於氫化觸媒中之所有的慣用活性金屬。該氫化金屬較佳係選自化學元素週期表之第8至11族,更佳係選自化學元素週期表之第10至11族。該氫化金屬更佳包括銅、鐵、鎳、銠、釕、鈀或鉑,或係選自此等或其混合物。
尤其對於羰基化合物氫化至相應的醇而言,經承載銅觸媒係以大規模用於工業。亦可根據本發明使用之該等觸媒,包括在該承載材料上之活性材料。該活性材料可藉由任何所希望之方法施加至現有承載材料或者與該承載材料共沉澱。
在本發明之製備方法中,經煅燒之經承載氫化觸媒係經鹼處理。(例如)藉由共沉澱所製備之觸媒通常係在沉澱之後經沖洗、乾燥及煅燒。在此之後,繼續進行製錠或擠出步驟及另一煅燒。在藉由浸漬產生觸媒的情況下,同樣在浸漬及乾燥之後進行煅燒,其隨後接續另一成形步驟。
用於本發明方法中之觸媒材料已進行先前製備中所提及之煅燒步驟中至少一者。該觸媒材料可包括已進行最終成形之觸媒或在第一次煅燒之後所獲得之觸媒粉末。
在本發明方法中,處理係經pH>10,較佳>11,更佳>12及尤其係>13之鹼溶液進行。該用於處理之鹼溶液較佳具有所提及之pH,或所提及之pH係存在於觸媒經鹼處理之過程中。
根據本發明,可使用任何適宜的鹼溶液。較佳使用水性、醇或混合水/醇鹼溶液。可用的醇之實例係烷醇,較佳為C1-4
-烷醇,諸如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇或丁醇。在水性醇溶液中,醇組分較佳不大於30重量%,更佳不大於20重量%及尤其係不大於10重量%。特別佳係用水溶液進行。
所用鹼可在廣範圍內自由選擇。該鹼溶液較佳包括鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物或其混合物。特別適宜的鹼金屬氫氧化物係氫氧化鈉溶液或氫氧化鉀溶液。特別適宜的鹼土金屬氫氧化物係氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鈣及氫氧化鋇。
鹼溶液更佳包括氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀,尤其係氫氧化鈉。
特別佳為經氫氧化鈉水溶液處理。
經鹼溶液之處理係藉由使該觸媒經鹼溶液噴霧或將該觸媒浸漬於鹼溶液中而實現,在此情況下,可同時機械地移除該觸媒。較佳以足以完全覆蓋該觸媒之量的鹼溶液進行。處理過程中之溫度係在20至120℃,較佳為35至105℃,尤其係50至100℃的範圍內。處理時間可根據鹼濃度或pH及溫度選擇。一般而言係在1至300小時,較佳為5至200小時,尤其係10至150小時的範圍內。
較佳為經0.3至3.0莫耳濃度氫氧化鈉水溶液之處理,特別佳為經0.5至2.0莫耳濃度氫氧化鈉水溶液之處理。pH尤其係大於13.5或大於14。
經鹼溶液之處理可濾去存在於承載物中之少量的氧化鋁。尤其係在經處理之成形體的邊緣區域中,可能會發生氧化鋁的損耗。由於經鹼溶液之處理,一部份以非晶形或x-射線非晶形形式存在之氧化鋁同樣可轉化成勃姆石(AlOOH)精細結晶。承載材料中之此等結構變化係增強活性之原因。
經鹼溶液之處理可減少氫化觸媒及/或經煅燒觸媒粉末中之以元素鋁計算之0至6重量%,較佳為0.1至6重量%,尤其係0.1至3重量%的鋁含量。
如習知Raney金屬系統之情況中,活性之增加並非歸因於金屬鋁之完全濾出及伴隨金屬表面積之增加。在根據本發明所處理之觸媒中,僅有明顯更少量的鋁,在本情況中為氧化鋁、氧化鋁氫氧化物及/或氫氧化鋁,係經濾出於例如錠狀物之該經承載觸媒。此一般並不明顯改變氫化金屬之表面積。
根據本發明特別佳為處理如WO 2007/006719中所述而製備之觸媒。
該等觸媒係以一種包括下列步驟之方法製備:
- 提供一種包括氧化銅及氧化鋁及至少一種鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之氧化物之氧化材料,
- 將粉狀金屬銅、銅薄片、粉狀水泥(cement)、石墨或其混合物添加至該氧化材料中,
- 將所得混合物成形為成形體及
- 將成形體以根據本發明之本方法進行處理。
該氧化材料根據煅燒之後氧化材料之總重量計算,更佳包括:
- 具有在50x80重量%,較佳為55x75重量%範圍內之比例的氧化銅,
- 具有在15y35重量%,較佳為20y30重量%範圍內之比例的氧化鋁,及
- 具有1z30重量%,較佳為2z25重量%範圍內之比例的至少一種鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之氧化物,其中在以上的意義中,在氧化材料中不包括80x+y+z100,尤其係95x+y+z100的水泥。
所添加之金屬銅之比例根據該氧化材料之總重量計算,較佳為1至40重量%。
較佳根據該氧化材料之總重量計算,添加0.5至5重量%之量的石墨。
根據本發明用於製備起始觸媒之較佳方法將於下文中詳細闡述。
用於根據本發明之方法中之觸媒具有下列特徵:銅活性組分、鋁組分及至少一種鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之氧化物之組分較佳經碳酸鈉溶液同時沉澱或連續地沉澱,隨後乾燥、煅燒、製錠或擠出,及再次煅燒。
特定言之,可使用以下沉澱方法:
A) 銅鹽溶液、鋁鹽溶液及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之鹽之溶液或包括銅鹽、鋁鹽及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳的鹽之溶液係經碳酸鈉溶液同時地或連續地沉澱。隨後使所沉澱之材料乾燥及視需要煅燒。
B) 將銅鹽溶液及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之鹽之溶液或包括銅鹽及至少一種鐵鹽之溶液沉澱至預製氧化鋁承載物上。在特別佳的實施例中,此係以粉末之形式存在於水性懸浮液中。然而,該承載材料亦可以球體、擠出物、碎片或錠狀物之形式存在。
B1) 在一實施例(I)中,銅鹽溶液及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之鹽之溶液,或包括銅鹽及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之鹽之溶液較佳係經碳酸鈉溶液沉澱。所使用之初始進料係氧化鋁承載材料之水性懸浮液。
自A)或B)所產生之經沉澱之固體係以傳統方式過濾及較佳經沖洗以使其不含鹼,如(例如)DE 198 09 418.3中所述。
自A)及自B)二者之最終產物係在50至150℃,較佳為120℃的溫度下乾燥,及隨後,若適宜,較佳在一般200至600℃,尤其係在300至500℃下煅燒2小時。
用於A)及/或B)之起始物質理論上可為溶於用於應用中的溶劑中之所有Cu(I)及/或Cu(II)鹽,例如硝酸鹽、碳酸鹽、醋酸鹽、草酸鹽或銨錯合物,類似的鋁鹽及鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之鹽。對於根據A)及B)之方法而言,特別佳的係使用硝酸銅。
在根據本發明之方法中,上述乾燥及視需要煅燒之粉末較佳係經加工成錠狀物、環、環錠狀物、擠出物、蜂窩或類似形狀體。就此目的而言,來自先前技術之所有適宜的方法皆可。特別佳為使用具有<5 mm的直徑d及高度h之成形觸媒體或觸媒擠出物、具有<6 mm的直徑d之觸媒球體或具有<5 mm的蜂窩胞直徑rz
之觸媒蜂窩。氧化材料之組合物一般係基於各種情況下以上所提及之氧化成份總數之總重量,使得氧化銅之比例在40至90重量%的範圍內,鐵、鑭、鎢、鉬、鈦、鋯、錫或錳之氧化物之比例係在0至50重量%的範圍內,及氧化鋁的比例係在高至50重量%的範圍內,此等三種氧化物在煅燒之後一起構成該氧化材料之至少80重量%,在以上意義中該氧化材料不包括水泥。
在經鹼溶液之本處理之後,該觸媒較佳經再次沖洗、乾燥及視需要再次煅燒。
上述較佳觸媒可經更詳細地闡述。
一般而言,粉狀銅、銅薄片或粉狀水泥或石墨或其混合物係根據各種情況下的氧化材料之總重量計算,以0.5至40重量%之範圍,較佳為2至20重量%之範圍及更佳為3至18重量%之範圍添加至該氧化材料中。
所使用之水泥較佳為氧化鋁水泥。該氧化鋁水泥更佳實質上由氧化鋁及氧化鈣組成,及更佳由約75至85重量%的氧化鋁及約15至25重量%的氧化鈣組成。此外,亦可使用以氧化鎂/氧化鋁、氧化鈣/氧化矽及氧化鈣/氧化鋁/氧化鐵為主之水泥。
特定言之,氧化材料根據該氧化材料之總重量計算,可具有至多10重量%,較佳為至多5重量%的比例,至少一種其他組分係選自由元素Re、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd及Pt組成之群。
在根據本發明之方法之另外較佳實施例中,除銅粉、銅薄片或水泥粉末或其混合物外,石墨係在成形為成形體之前添加至氧化材料中。較佳添加充足的石墨,以使得成形為成形體能夠更好地實施。在一較佳實施例中,根據氧化材料之總重量計算,添加0.5至5重量%的石墨。石墨是否在銅粉、銅薄片或水泥粉末或其混合物之前或之後或與其同時添加至氧化材料中並不重要。
在添加銅粉、銅薄片或水泥粉末或其混合物及若適宜之石墨至氧化材料中之後,成形後所獲得之成形體係視需要以一般為0.5至10 h,較佳為0.5至2小時的時間煅燒至少一次。在此至少一個煅燒步驟中之溫度一般係在200至600℃的範圍內,較佳係在250至500℃的範圍內及更佳係在270至400℃的範圍內。
在用水泥粉末成形的情況中,將在煅燒之前所獲得之成形體用水弄濕及隨後將其乾燥係有利的。
在以氧化形式使用之觸媒的情況中,在與氫化溶液接觸之前,成形體係在20至500℃範圍內、較佳在150至350℃範圍內及尤其係在180至200℃範圍內的溫度下經還原氣體,例如氫氣,較佳為氫氣/惰性氣體混合物,尤其係氫氣/氮氣混合物預還原。較佳使用具有1至100體積%範圍內,更佳為1至50體積%範圍內的氫氣含量之混合物。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明成形體,在用作觸媒之前係以本身已知之方式藉由還原媒介之處理活化。該活化係事先在還原烘箱中或在安裝入反應器之後進行。當該觸媒事先於還原烘箱中經活化時,可將其安裝入該反應器中及在氫氣壓力下與氫化溶液直接接觸。根據氫化金屬,如(例如)在Cu或Ni的情況中,活化觸媒係高度引火。因此,乾燥活化觸媒與空氣之直接接觸會容易地導致觸媒損壞及嚴重的安全危險。若該觸媒已經在還原烘箱中事先活化,則因此建議用惰性溶劑覆蓋該活化觸媒以用於輸送及隨後將其以溶劑潤濕形式安裝入反應器中。就此目的而言適宜的實例係水、醇或中度揮發性至非揮發性烷烴。特別有利的係,輸送至反應器可在隨後製程之固有物質中實施,例如反應物(通常為羰基化合物)或產物(通常為醇)。或者,該活化觸媒亦可在惰性氣體(例如氮氣或氬氣)下輸送及安裝入該反應器中。
根據本發明之方法所製備之成形體之較佳使用領域係在固定床中氫化具有羰基之有機化合物。然而,其他實施例,例如與觸媒材料以向上及向下運動之流體化反應同樣可行。該氫化可以氣相或液相進行。較佳以液相進行,例如以滴流或液相之模式。當以滴流模式進行時,包括待氫化之羰基化合物之液體反應物可在氫氣壓力下通過位於該反應器中之觸媒床滴流,其在觸媒上形成薄液體薄膜。相反地,當以液相模式進行時,氫氣係經引入充滿液體反應混合物之反應器中,在此過程中氫氣以上升的氣體氣泡通過觸媒床。
在一實施例中,待氫化之溶液係以直孔型泵壓通過該觸媒床。在根據本發明方法之另一實施例中,在通過該反應器之後,一部份產物係隨著產物蒸汽連續地排出及視需要通過如上所定義之第二反應器。產物之其他部份係與包括羰基化合物之新鮮反應物一起裝回至反應器中。此程序在下文中係稱為循環模式。
當選擇噴淋模式作為根據本發明之方法之實施例時,則在此較佳為循環模式。此外較佳使用主要反應器及後反應器以循環模式進行。
根據本發明之方法係適用於將羰基化合物,例如醛及酮、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酐或內酯氫化成相應的醇,較佳為脂族及環脂族飽和及不飽和羰基化合物。在芳族羰基化合物之情況下,非所欲之副產物可藉由氫化芳族環而形成。該羰基化合物可具有其他的官能團,諸如羥基或胺基。不飽和羰基化合物一般係經氫化成相應的飽和醇。術語「羰基化合物」如本發明之上下文中所用包括具有C=O基團之所有化合物,其包括羧酸及其衍生物。應瞭解亦可使兩種或兩種以上的羰基化合物之混合物一起氫化。待氫化之個別羰基化合物亦可包括一個以上的羰基。
較佳使用根據本發明之方法以用於氫化脂族醛、羥基醛、酮、酸、酯、酸酐、內酯及糖。
較佳的脂族醛係分支鏈或非分支鏈、飽和及/或不飽和脂族C2
-C30
醛,其係(例如)藉由來自具有內或末端雙鍵之直鏈或分支鏈烯烴之側氧基合成而獲得。亦可氫化亦包括30個以上的羰基之寡聚化合物。
脂族醛之實例包括:甲醛、丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、戊醛、2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛(異戊醛)、2,2-二甲基丙醛(第三戊醛)、己醛、2-甲基戊醛、3-甲基戊醛、4-甲基戊醛、2-乙基丁醛、2,2-二甲基丁醛、3,3-二甲基丁醛、辛醛、癸醛、戊二醛。
除所提及之短鏈醛外,長鏈脂族醛亦尤其適宜,因為其可(例如)藉由自線性α-烯烴之側氧基合成獲得。
特別佳為烯醛化(enalization)產物,例如2-乙基己烯醛、2-甲基戊烯醛、2,4-二乙基辛烯醛或2,4-二甲基庚烯醛。
較佳的羥基醛係(例如)藉由脂族或環脂族醛及酮與其本身或甲醛之醛醇反應而獲得之C3
-C12
羥基醛。實例係3-羥基丙醛、二羥甲基乙醛、三羥甲基乙醛(季戊四醛)、3-羥基丁醛(乙醇醛)、3-羥基-2-乙基己醛(丁醇醛)、3-羥基-2-甲基戊醛(丙醇醛)、2-羥甲基丙醛、2,2-二羥甲基丙醛、3-羥基-2-甲基丁醛、3-羥基戊醛、2-羥甲基丁醛、2,2-二羥甲基丁醛(DMB)、羥基第三戊醛。特別佳係羥基第三戊醛(HPA)及二羥甲基丁醛(DMB)。
較佳的酮為丙酮、丁酮、2-戊酮、3-戊酮、2-己酮、3-己酮、環己酮、異佛爾酮、甲基異丁基酮、亞異丙基丙酮、苯乙酮、苯丙酮、二苯甲酮、亞苄基丙酮、二亞苄基丙酮、亞苄基苯乙酮、2,3-丁二酮、2,4-戊二酮、2,5-己二酮及甲基乙烯基酮。
亦可轉化羧酸及其衍生物,較佳為彼等具有1至20個碳原子者。應特別提及以下:羧酸,例如甲酸、醋酸、丙酸、丁酸、異丁酸、正戊酸、三甲基醋酸(「第三戊酸」)、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、油酸、反油酸、亞油酸、亞麻酸、環己烷羧酸、苯甲酸、苯基醋酸、鄰甲基苯甲酸、間甲基苯甲酸、對甲基苯甲酸、鄰氯苯甲酸、對氯苯甲酸、鄰硝基苯甲酸、對硝基苯甲酸、水楊酸、對羥基苯甲酸、鄰胺基苯甲酸、對胺基苯甲酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸;羧酸酯,例如以上所提及之羧酸之C1
-C12
-烷基酯,尤其係甲酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸二烷基酯、間苯二甲酸二烷基酯、對苯二甲酸二烷基酯、己二酸二烷基酯、馬來酸二烷基酯,例如此等酸之二甲基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、丁內酯、己內酯及聚羧酸酯,例如聚丙烯酸酯及聚甲基丙烯酸酯及其共聚物及聚酯,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、對苯二甲酸酯及其他工業塑料,在此情況下之氫解物,即特別實施酯轉化至相應的酸及醇;脂肪;羧酸酐,例如以上所提及羧酸之酸酐,尤其係乙酸酐、丙酸酐、苯甲酸酐及馬來酸酐;羧醯胺,例如甲醯胺、乙醯胺、丙醯胺、硬脂醯胺、對苯二甲醯胺。
亦可轉化羥基羧酸,例如乳酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸或檸檬酸或胺基酸,例如甘胺酸、丙胺酸、脯胺酸及精胺酸,及肽。
待氫化之特別佳的有機化合物係飽和或不飽和羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酐、醛或內酯或其二者或更多者之混合物。
因此,本發明亦係關於一種如上所述之方法,其中該有機化合物係羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酐、醛或內酯。
此等化合物之實例包括馬來酸、馬來酸酐、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、己二酸、6-羥基己酸、2-環十二烷基丙酸、前述酸之酯,例如甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基酯。其他實例係羥基第三戊醛(HPA)、二羥甲基丁醛(DMB)、γ-丁內酯及己內酯。
在一相當特別佳的實施例中,本發明係關於一種上述之方法,其中該有機化合物係己二酸或己二酸酯或其混合物。
待氫化之羰基化合物可單獨或以與氫化反應之產物之混合物裝入氫化反應器中,在此情況下此可以未經稀釋之形式或使用另外的溶劑進行。適宜的另外的溶劑特定言之係水、醇,諸如甲醇、乙醇及在反應條件下所形成之醇。較佳的溶劑係水、THF及NMP;特別佳為水。
以噴淋及液相模式二者之氫化,各較佳以循環模式實施,一般係在50至350℃範圍內,較佳在70至300℃的範圍內,更佳在100至270℃的範圍內之溫度下及在3至350 bar的範圍內,較佳在5至330 bar的範圍內,更佳在10至300 bar的範圍內之壓力下實施。
在一相當特別佳的實施例中,本發明之觸媒係用於製備己二醇及/或己內酯之方法中,如DE 196 07 954、DE 196 07 955、DE 196 47 348及DE 196 47 349中所述。
根據本發明之方法係使用本發明之觸媒達成高轉化率及選擇性。同時,本發明之觸媒具有高化學及機械穩定性。
本發明亦係關於一種藉由上述方法所獲得之經承載氫化觸媒。
本發明又關於一種根據本發明所獲得之經承載氫化觸媒用於氫化具有羰基之有機化合物之用途。該有機化合物較佳係羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酐、醛或內酯。
同樣,本發明係關於一種在經氫化觸媒上氫化具有羰基之有機化合物之方法,其中使用根據以上所述而獲得之經承載氫化觸媒。
較佳在固定床反應器中,在約200 bar氫氣壓力及約200℃的溫度下進行該方法。通常,以不大於0.1至0.6 kg/(l*h)之時空速度之觸媒可達成大於99.5%的轉化率。使用本發明觸媒在某些情況下可以高達1.8 kg/(l*h)的三倍之時空速度使用該觸媒,且未觀察到轉化率降低(小於99.5%)。此並不負面影響成形體之選擇性或機械穩定性。
本發明係藉由實例而詳細地闡述。
在該等實例中,根據WO 2007/006719,實例1之Cu/Al2
O3
/La2
O3
觸媒係以1.5×1.5 mm或3×3 mm尺寸的錠狀物之形式使用。所選之實例反應係己二酸二甲酯氫化成1,6-己二醇。此外,亦檢視二羥甲基丁醛(DMB)氫化成三羥甲基丙烷。
固態觸媒之機械穩定性係經由側向抗碎強度而測定。該側向抗碎強度係經來自Zwick Rll(Ulm)之Z 2.5/T 919儀器測定。
該製備相當於來自WO 2007/006719 A1之實例1。製錠係藉由添加3重量%的石墨及15重量%的銅薄片進行,以獲得1.5×1.5 mm錠狀物。
藉此所製備之觸媒包括56重量%的Cu元素、11.3重量%的Al元素及3.2重量%的La元素。呈氧化及未使用狀態之側向抗碎強度平均為67 N。
將比較例之685 g觸媒錠狀物在室溫下用1000 ml 0.5 M NaOH處理48 h。隨後將經卸下之觸媒錠狀物經蒸餾水沖洗至中性及在120℃下乾燥16小時。藉此所製備之觸媒包括53重量%的Cu元素、10.3重量%的Al元素及3.1重量%的La元素。呈氧化及未使用狀態之側向抗碎強度平均為69 N。
將根據比較例(相同的方法,無預壓縮及製錠)之1500 g觸媒粉末於具有6000 ml 2.0 M NaOH之懸浮液中在50℃下攪拌126小時。將熱懸浮液未經稀釋地過濾及用冷蒸餾水沖洗至中性。將濾餅在120℃下乾燥16小時。將乾燥的濾餅通過0.8 mm篩網及用3%石墨及15%銅薄片壓製成1.5×15 mm錠狀物。將錠狀物在350℃下後煅燒2小時。藉此所製備之觸媒包括59重量%的Cu元素、6.9重量%的Al元素及3.6重量%的La元素。呈氧化及未使用狀態之側向抗碎強度平均為46 N。
所有觸媒係以熟悉此項技術者所熟知之程序在1 bar及180℃的溫度下經N2
/H2
混合物還原。
將根據比較例所製備之200 ml觸媒以活化形式裝入夾套經油加熱之管式反應器(直徑14 mm)中。在200℃、氫氣壓力200 bar及200 l(STP)/h的氫氣供應下,將己二酸二甲酯以不同的進料速率連續地量送。將反應器以單通道操作。可在高至0.6 g/(ml*h)的WHSV範圍內以酯轉化率>99.5%及1,6-己二醇選擇性>99.7%操作該反應器。
將根據實例1所製備之160 ml觸媒以活化形式引入夾套經油加熱之管式反應器(直徑14 mm)中。在200℃、氫氣壓力200 bar及200 l(STP)/h的氫氣供應下,將己二酸二甲酯以不同的進料速率連續地量送。將反應器以單通道操作。可在高至1.8 g/(ml*h)的WHSV範圍內以酯轉化率>99.7%及1,6-己二醇選擇性>99.5%操作該反應器。
將根據實例2所製備之200 ml觸媒以活化形式引入夾套經油加熱之管式反應器(直徑14 mm)中。在200℃、氫氣壓力200 bar及200 l(STP)/h的氫氣供應下,將己二酸二甲酯以不同的進料速率連續地量送。將反應器以單通道操作。可在高至1.5 g/(ml*h)的WHSV範圍內以酯轉化率>99.8%及1,6-己二醇選擇性>99.8%操作該反應器。
將根據比較例所製備之150 ml觸媒活化及引入經油加熱之夾套管式反應器中。在100℃及氫氣壓力90 bar下,將70%水性DMB溶液以不同的進料速率連續地量送。將反應器以6:1的循環對進料比率進行操作。可在高達0.2 ml/(ml*h)的LHSV範圍內以醛轉化率>99.6%及TMP選擇性>96%操作該系統。
將根據實例1所製備之150 ml觸媒活化及引入經油加熱之夾套管式反應器中。在100℃及氫氣壓力90 bar下,將70%水性DMB溶液以不同的進料速率連續地量送。將反應器以6:1的循環對進料比率進行操作。可在高達0.5 ml/(ml*h)的LHSV範圍內以酯轉化率>99.9%及TMP選擇性>95%操作該系統。
Claims (11)
- 一種製備具有增強氫化活性之經承載氫化觸媒之方法,其包括在含Al2 O3 之承載材料上之氫化金屬及氫化金屬之氧化物,該經煅燒之經承載氫化觸媒係在其最終成形之前或之後且在其使用於氫化之前經具有pH>10之鹼溶液及在20至120℃的範圍內之溫度下處理10至150小時。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該鹼溶液包括鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物或其混合物。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中該鹼溶液包括氫氧化鈉。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該處理係以水性鹼溶液進行。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該氫化金屬係選自化學元素週期表之第8至11族。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該氫化金屬係選自Cu、Fe、Ni、Rh、Ru、Pd、Pt或其混合物。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該氫化金屬包括銅。
- 一種經承載氫化觸媒,其係藉由如請求項1至3中任一項之方法所獲得。
- 如請求項8之經承載氫化觸媒,其係用於氫化具有羰基之有機化合物。
- 如請求項9之經承載氫化觸媒,其中該有機化合物係羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酐、醛或內酯。
- 一種在氫化觸媒上氫化具有羰基之有機化合物之方法,其包括使用藉由如請求項1至3中任一項之方法所獲得之經承載氫化觸媒。
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| CN111215079B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用镍基多相催化剂用于醛类加氢制醇类反应的方法 |
| CN110639513A (zh) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-03 | 大连理工大学 | 一种己二酸直接加氢制1,6-己二醇催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
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| CN111715238B (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-08-05 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种加氢催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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