TWI478103B - 使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法 - Google Patents
使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明是有關於一種影像處理方法,特別是指一種磁振造影的處理方法。
擴散磁振造影(diffusion MRI)是一種非侵入性的造影方法,可用來評估某位置神經纖維走向,進而呈現人類腦部的白質結構。藉由擴散張量模型(diffusion tensor model),得以依據擴散磁振造影重建出擴散張量造影(diffusion tensor imaging,以下稱DTI)。具體來說,DTI以一對稱的三維張量矩陣表現擴散強度,成像時是將磁場梯度施加在六個特定的方向,作六個擴散加權像,再作一個不加擴散梯度的加權像,藉此得到該張量矩陣。DTI已經被用於研究神經纖維走向與各種擴散特性的量化測量。
然而DTI是假設每一個體素(voxel)只有一個神經纖維,因此實際上產生如下限制:解析交叉纖維時會產生困難,以及導致錯估交叉纖維區域的異向性指標(anisotropy index)的部分體積效應(partial volume effect)。
交叉纖維的限制可藉著使用方向分佈函數(orientation distribution function,ODF)描述(characterize)擴散分佈或纖維數量來解決。擴散影像能夠用一單殼擴散取樣計劃(single-shell diffusion sampling scheme)來獲得,又稱高角解析度擴散造影(high angular resolution diffusion imaging,HARDI)擷取(acquisition);或使用網格取樣計劃(grid
sampling scheme),又稱擴散頻譜造影(diffusion spectrum imaging,以下稱DSI)擷取。不需要模型的重建方法,包括q球造影(q-ball imaging,QBI)與DSI,兩者皆是使用以機率為基礎的方法來建構擴散分佈並計算擴散方向分佈函數(diffusion ODF)。
以DSI舉例來說,取得DSI資料之後,可以反推神經纖維結構。然而重建個體的神經纖維結構還不夠。有關腦部的研究或分析,往往需要將受測個體資料對位到一標準腦,也就是模板(template),進而比較差異性;或者將兩個群體各自對應到模板,進而進行統計分析。
在對位技術發展方面,使用線性或是非線性的方法將個體的腦部三維影像轉換到一模板空間(template space)的技術發展已久。然而單純的三維轉換只考慮實體空間,並未將擴散資訊連帶轉換,轉換後資訊的完整性及可靠性仍有改善空間。
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種完整轉換影像空間資訊及擴散資訊的使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法(Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping,LDDMM)的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法。
於是,本發明使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,包含以下步驟:
(A)接收一原始擴散頻譜造影(diffusion DSI),I 1
,及一模板(template)影像,I 0
。
(B)依據一能量方程式逐一地計算該原始擴散頻譜造影中一個點(x,q)的能量E,其中,x代表影像空間的三維座標,q代表Q空間的三維座標。能量方程式可以例如由下式表現:
其中,vt
表示時間t時的速度場。ga,b
(x)表示時間t=b時位置為x的點於時間t=a時的位置,因此g1,0
可視為WI0
於t=1時的變形映射函數。σ則為E1
與E2
間的權重參數。W(q)則為一預設的權重參數,計算能量時乘上W(q)的原因在於,擴散程度越強,水分子在單位時間內走得越遠,影像強度越弱,因此本發明給定用權重參數以對強度做補償。
(C)利用(B)之結果進一步求出E對影像空間速度的一階及二階導數,以及E對Q空間速度的一階及二階導數。
本發明是假設變形轉換的過程是平順的,像液體的流動,因此將影像形變過程按時間切割成數等分,影像形變的每個時間點都有速度場;換句話說,指速度為時間的函數。
以上列式子來說,E對影像空間速度的一階導數為:
E對Q空間速度的一階導數為:
其中,K為一平滑運算符,其作用為促使速度場足夠平
滑。。
E對影像空間速度的近似二階導數為:
E對Q空間速度的近似二階導數為:
(D)利用步驟(C)之結果計算該原始擴散頻譜造影變形至該模板影像的影像空間的速度以及Q空間的速度。
本發明其中一實施例是結合一階與二階導數,利用迭代Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)演算法加快計算速度,公式如下:
其中K-1
是K的反向運算符。大約迭代n=5次可收斂。
(E)接下來將步驟(D)之結果對時間積分計算出該原始擴散頻譜造影的點(x,q)映射到該模板影像的變形量。本步驟所述變性量遵循以下公式。
且其中,變形量g=
(g x ,g q
),且gx
是x的函數,gq
是x與q的函數;其中,速度值v=(v x ,v q )
,且vx
是x的函數,vq
是x與q的函數。
(F)依據該原始擴散頻譜造影的每個點(x,q)的變形量推算出轉換後影像。本發明之功效在於,本發明發展之形變程式善加利用了DSI資訊的特性進行運算處理,同時考
慮影像空間及Q空間的變形,因此原始擴散頻譜造影對位到模板時,影像本身以及內含的擴散資訊等細節都能夠完整轉換,本發明之轉換結果能大幅提高後續比對應用之準確性。
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效,在以下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚的呈現。
參閱圖1,本發明使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,由一電腦讀取儲存於紀錄媒體的程式碼後執行,該方法包含以下步驟:
步驟S11-接收一如圖2所示原始擴散頻譜造影(diffusion DSI)及一如圖3所示的模板(template)影像。每一DSI影像組往往包含數百張影像,因此此二圖為將此數百張影像轉化為一般化非等向性指標(generalized fractional anisotropy,GFA)後的影像。
步驟S12-依據下列[式一]之能量方程式逐一地計算該原始擴散頻譜造影中一個點(x,q)的能量E,其中,x代表影像空間的三維座標,q代表Q空間的三維座標。也就是說,在本實施例的運算是採用六維資料進行對位轉換。本實施例能量方程式可以例如由下式表現:。
其中,vt
表示時間t時的速度場。ga,b
(x)表示時間t=b時位置為x的點於時間t=a時的位置,因此g1,0
可視為WI0
於t=1時的變形映射函數。σ則為E1
與E2
間的權重參數。W(q)是一預設的權重參數,計算能量時乘上W(q)的原因在於,擴散程度越強,水分子在單位時間內走得越遠,影像強度越弱,因此本發明給定用權重參數以對強度做補償。
步驟S13-利用步驟S12之結果進一步求出E對影像空間速度的一階及二階導數,以及E對Q空間速度的一階及二階導數。
本實施例應用Beg等人於2005年發表的高度形變微分同胚度量映射法(LDDMM),假設變形轉換的過程是平順的,像液體的流動,因此將影像形變過程按時間切割成數等分,影像形變的每個時間點都有速度場;換句話說,指速度為時間的函數。
本實施例計算E對影像空間速度的一階導數的公式如[式二]:
計算E對Q空間速度的一階導數的公式如[式三]:
其中,K為一平滑運算符,其作用為促使速度場足夠平滑。。
計算E對影像空間速度的近似二階導數的公式如[式四]:
計算E對Q空間速度的近似二階導數的公式如[式五]
:
步驟S14-利用步驟S13之結果對每一時間點計算影像空間的速度以及Q空間的速度。
本實施例是結合一階與二階導數,利用迭代Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)演算法加快計算速度,公式如下:
其中K-1
是K的反向運算符。大約迭代n=5次可收斂,得t時間的影像空間的速度及q空間的速度。
步驟S15-接下來將步驟S14之結果對時間積分計算出該原始擴散頻譜造影的點(x,q)映射到該模板影像的變形量。本步驟所述變性量遵循以下公式。
其中,變形量gt
=(gt,x
,gt,q
),且gt,x
是x的函數,gt,q
是x與q的函數;其中,速度值vt
=(vt,x
,vt,q
),且vt,x
是x的函數,vt,q
是x與q的函數。
步驟S16-最後,依據該原始擴散頻譜造影的每個點(x,q)的變形量推算出轉換後影像,該影像如圖4所示。
歸納上述,本發明發展之演算方法,不僅只利用影像空間的三維資訊,還充分利用DSI資訊中的三維擴散資訊
,總共六維;因此原始擴散頻譜造影對位到模板時,影像
空間及Q空間的擴散資訊等細節都能夠完整轉換,本發明之轉換結果能大幅提高後續比對應用之準確性,故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
S11~S16‧‧‧步驟
圖1是一流程圖,說明本發明使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法的較佳實施例的執行步驟;圖2是一原始擴散頻譜造影的示例;圖3是一模板影像的示例;及圖4是一圖2影像經本實施例之方法轉換得到的影像。
S11~S16‧‧‧步驟
Claims (5)
- 一種使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,包含以下步驟:(A)接收一原始擴散頻譜造影及一模板影像;(B)依據一能量方程式逐一地計算該原始擴散頻譜造影中一個點(x,q)的能量E,其中,x代表影像空間的三維座標,q代表Q空間的三維座標;(C)利用(B)之結果進一步求出每一時間點E對影像空間速度的一階及二階導數,以及E對Q空間速度的一階及二階導數;(D)利用步驟(C)之結果計算每一時間點的影像空間的速度以及Q空間的速度;(E)將步驟(D)之結果對時間積分計算出該原始擴散頻譜造影的點(x,q)映射到該模板影像的變形量;及(F)依據該原始擴散頻譜造影的每個點(x,q)的變形量推算出轉換後影像。
- 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,其中,該步驟(E)所述變性量遵循以下公式
- 依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,其中,定義變形量g= (g x ,g q ),且gx 是x的函數,gq 是x與q的函數;定義速度值v=(v x ,v q ) ,且vx 是x的函數,vq 是x與q的函 數。
- 依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,其中,該步驟(E)是利用迭代Levenberg-Marquardt演算法計算速度。
- 依據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之使用高度形變微分同胚度量映射法的擴散頻譜造影轉換方法,其中,該步驟(B)所述能量方程式為
其中,W(q)是一預設的權重參數。
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