TWI468166B - 具有增強之免疫刺激活性之經磷酸鹽修飾之寡核苷酸類似物 - Google Patents
具有增強之免疫刺激活性之經磷酸鹽修飾之寡核苷酸類似物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI468166B TWI468166B TW97118312A TW97118312A TWI468166B TW I468166 B TWI468166 B TW I468166B TW 97118312 A TW97118312 A TW 97118312A TW 97118312 A TW97118312 A TW 97118312A TW I468166 B TWI468166 B TW I468166B
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Description
本發明係關於具有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵之寡核苷酸。
細菌DNA具有活化B細胞及自然殺手細胞之免疫刺激效應,但脊椎動物DNA並非如此(Tokunaga,T.等人,1988.Jpn.J.Cancer Res.
79:682-686;Tokunaga,T.等人,1984,JNCI
72:955-962;Messina,J.P.等人,1991,J.Immunol.
147:1759-1764;以及Krieg,1998,In:Applied Oligonucleotide Technology,C.A.Stein及A.M.Krieg,(編),John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,New York,NY,第431-448頁中之綜述)。現應瞭解,細菌DNA之此等免疫刺激效應係存在未甲基化CpG二核苷酸、尤其鹼基鄰近序列(base contexts)(CpG基元)之結果,該等CpG二核苷酸在細菌DNA中很常見,但在脊椎動物DNA中則經甲基化且係低表現的(Krieg等人,1995 Nature 374:546-549;Krieg,1999 Biochim.Biophys.Acta 93321:1-10)。細菌DNA之免疫刺激效應可用含有此等CpG基元之合成寡脫氧核苷酸(ODN)來模擬。該等CpG ODN對人類及鼠類白血球具有高度刺激效應,從而誘導:B細胞增殖;細胞因子及免疫球蛋白分泌;自然殺手(NK)細胞溶解活性及IFN-γ分泌;及表現協同刺激分子且分泌細胞因子、尤其對推動Th1樣T細胞反應之發展很重要之Th1樣細胞因子的樹突狀細胞(DC)及其他抗原呈現細胞之活化。天
然磷酸二酯主鏈CpG ODN之此等免疫刺激效應具高度CpG特異性,此係因為若CpG基元經甲基化、變為GpC或者以別的方式消除或改變,則該等效應顯著減少(Krieg等人,1995 Nature 374:546-549;Hartmann等人,1999 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 96:9305-10)。
在早期研究中,認為免疫刺激CpG基元遵循式嘌呤-嘌呤-CpG-嘧啶-嘧啶(Krieg等人,1995 Nature 374:546-549;Pisetsky,1996 J.Immunol.156:421-423;Hacker等人,1998 EMBO J.17:6230-6240;Lipford等人,1998 Trends in Microbiol.6:496-500)。然而,現在很清楚的是,小鼠淋巴細胞對不遵循此"式"之磷酸二酯CpG基元響應良好(Yi等人,1998 J.Immunol.160:5898-5906)且人類B細胞及樹突狀細胞之情況亦相同(Hartmann等人,1999 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 96:9305-10;Liang,1996 J.Clin.Invest.98:1119-1129)。
已對免疫刺激寡核苷酸之磷酸二酯主鏈作出多種修飾。對磷之修飾包括中性以及帶正電及帶負電種類,諸如硫代磷酸酯(PS)種類。僅由半軟ODN取代之PS寡核苷酸顯示良好免疫刺激活性,其中CpG處之核苷酸間鍵為磷酸二酯(PO)鍵。一般假定磷原子處之取代基必須具有類似電荷及尺寸以獲得可比活性。
本發明係關於一種寡核苷酸,其包含一或多個激發增強之免疫刺激能力的修飾。詳言之,本發明係基於以下發
現:具有至少一個對應於式I(下文)之嘧啶-嘌呤(Py-Pu)基元的寡核苷酸可高度有效地介導免疫反應。此等寡核苷酸可治療性及預防性地用於誘導免疫反應及用於治療諸如癌症及病毒感染之疾病及病症。
在一態樣中,本發明係一種組合物,其包含具有至少一個根據式I之經修飾嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸的免疫刺激寡核苷酸:
其中R為氫(H)、C1
-C4
烷基、甲氧基乙基、特戊醯基氧基甲基、特戊醯基氧基苄基或S-特戊醯基硫乙基或其生理學耐受性鹽;X、Y及Z為氧(O)或硫(S);R1
及R2
為H或C1
-C4
烷基;Py為具有嘧啶鹼基之核苷或核苷類似物,Pu為具有嘌呤鹼基之核苷或核苷類似物。
在一些實施例中,該免疫刺激寡核苷酸進一步包含第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有硫代磷酸酯鍵。在另一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸進一步至少包含第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有磷酸二酯鍵。在又一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸進一步至少包含第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有硫代磷酸酯鍵,且進一步
至少包含第三嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該第三嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有磷酸二酯鍵。
在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸之至少一個核苷酸具有選自基本上由2'-氟-2'-脫氧核糖、2'-胺基-2'脫氧核糖、2'-O-烷基-核糖或3'-O-烷基-核糖組成之群的經修飾糖殘基。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸含有至少一個選自由2'-5'、5'-5'、3'-3'、2'-2'或2'-3'鍵組成之群的核苷酸間鍵。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸為B類、C類、P類、T類或E類寡核苷酸。
在一些實施例中,該組合物進一步包含抗細菌劑、抗癌劑、抗病毒劑、哮喘或過敏藥物或自體免疫疾病藥物。在另一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸為TLR9配位體。在另一實施例中,嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸中之一或多者為C-G二核苷酸。在一實施例中,第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸為C-G二核苷酸。在另一實施例中,第一嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸為C-G二核苷酸。在又一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸包括至少兩個C-G二核苷酸。在又一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸包括至少三個C-G二核苷酸。在一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸包括至少一個硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵。在另一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸包括至少一個磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸係與抗原一起調配。
本發明之另一態樣提供一種刺激個體之免疫反應之方法,其包含向個體投與可有效刺激免疫反應之量的包含具
有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵之免疫刺激寡核苷酸(其中寡核苷酸主鏈為嵌合主鏈)及醫藥載劑之組合物。在一實施例中,該個體患有細菌感染且該組合物係以可有效治療該細菌感染之量投與。在另一實施例中,個體患有過敏症且組合物係以可有效治療該過敏症之量投與。在又一實施例中,組合物係以可有效治療哮喘之量投與。在又一實施例中,個體患有自體免疫疾病且組合物係以可有效治療該自體免疫疾病之量投與。
在一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸為本文所述之免疫刺激寡核苷酸中之任一者或多者。在特定實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸不為反義寡核苷酸、核糖酶或適體。在一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸係與抗原一起調配。
本發明之另一態樣提供一種治療個體之癌症之方法,其包含向需要該治療之個體投與可有效治療該癌症之量的包含本文所述之免疫刺激寡核苷酸中之任一者或多者及醫藥載劑的組合物。在一實施例中,寡核苷酸係藉由選自由口服、經鼻、經舌下、經靜脈內、經皮下、經黏膜、經呼吸、直接注射及經皮膚組成之群之途徑來傳遞。在另一實施例中,向個體施以治療方案。在一實施例中,該治療方案為手術治療。在另一實施例中,治療方案為放射治療。在又一實施例中,治療方案為藥物治療。在又一實施例中,調配寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸與靶向分子有關。
本發明之另一態樣提供一種治療個體之感染之方法,其
包含向需要該治療之個體投與可有效治療該感染之量的包含本文所述之免疫刺激寡核苷酸中之任一者或多者及醫藥載劑的組合物。在一實施例中,寡核苷酸係藉由選自由口服、經鼻、經舌下、經靜脈內、經皮下、經黏膜、經呼吸、直接注射及經皮膚組成之群之途徑來傳遞。在一實施例中,該感染性疾病為細菌感染。在另一實施例中,該感染為病毒感染。在又一實施例中,感染為寄生蟲感染。在另一實施例中,感染為真菌感染。
在一實施例中,寡核苷酸為A類寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸為B類免疫刺激寡核苷酸。在又一實施例中,寡核苷酸為C類免疫刺激寡核苷酸。在又一實施例中,寡核苷酸為P類免疫刺激寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸為T類免疫刺激寡核苷酸。在又一實施例中,寡核苷酸為E類免疫刺激寡核苷酸。在一實施例中,寡核苷酸為DNA/RNA雜合體,且該寡核苷酸包含具有磷酸二酯鍵之CG二核苷酸。
本發明之另一態樣提供一種治療個體之哮喘之方法,其包含向需要該治療之個體投與可有效治療哮喘之量的包含具有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵之免疫刺激寡核苷酸(其中寡核苷酸主鏈為嵌合主鏈)及醫藥載劑之組合物。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸為B類、C類、P類、T類或E類寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸為DNA/RNA雜合體,且CG二核苷酸處之核苷酸間鍵為磷酸二酯鍵。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸係藉由選自由口服、
經鼻、經舌下、經靜脈內、經皮下、經黏膜、經呼吸、直接注射及經皮膚組成之群之途徑來傳遞。
本發明之另一態樣提供一種治療個體之過敏症之方法,其包含向需要該治療之個體投與可有效治療過敏症之量的包含具有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵之免疫刺激寡核苷酸(其中寡核苷酸主鏈為嵌合主鏈)及醫藥載劑之組合物。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸為B類、C類、P類、T類或E類寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸為DNA/RNA雜合體,且CG二核苷酸處之核苷酸間鍵為磷酸二酯鍵。在另一實施例中,寡核苷酸係藉由選自由口服、經鼻、經舌下、經靜脈內、經皮下、經黏膜、經呼吸、直接注射及經皮膚組成之群之途徑來傳遞。
本發明之另一態樣為一種包含具有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵之免疫刺激寡核苷酸的組合物,其中寡核苷酸主鏈為嵌合主鏈且該寡核苷酸連接於至少一種治療劑。在一實施例中,該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸且該第二寡核苷酸連接於該免疫刺激寡核苷酸以形成分枝結構。在另一實施例中,該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸且該第二寡核苷酸連接於該免疫刺激寡核苷酸以形成3'-3'鍵。在又一實施例中,該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸且該第二寡核苷酸與該免疫刺激寡核苷酸形成樹枝狀聚合物(dendrimers)。在又一實施例中,該治療劑為抗病毒劑。在另一實施例中,治療劑為抗癌劑。在一實施例中,寡核苷酸與治療劑之間的鍵為共價鍵。在一實施例中,寡核苷酸與治療劑之間的鍵為非共價
鍵。在一實施例中,該組合物包含抗原。
亦提供本發明之寡核苷酸用於刺激免疫反應之用途作為本發明之一態樣。
亦提供一種製造用於刺激免疫反應之本發明之寡核苷酸的藥物之方法。
本發明之限制性中之每一者可涵蓋本發明之各種實施例。因此,預期涉及任一要素或要素之組合的本發明之限制性中之每一者可包括在本發明之各態樣中。本發明在其應用方面不限於以下描述中所陳述或圖式中所說明之構造細節及組份配置。本發明能夠具有其他實施例且能夠以各種方式實施或執行。又,本文所使用之措辭及命名係出於描述之目的,而不應認為具有限制性。本文中"包括"、"包含"或"具有"、"含有"、"涉及"及其變體之使用意欲涵蓋其後所列之項及其等同項以及其他項。
各圖僅為說明性的,而並非為本文所揭示之本發明之可實施性所需。
本發明係部分基於一種展示增強之免疫刺激能力之穩定寡核苷酸的發現。對寡核苷酸主鏈之修飾(諸如硫代磷酸酯修飾)常常產生穩定性增加之寡核苷酸。在一些情況下,主鏈修飾可能導致刺激TLR9活性之能力降低,因而損失掉不穩定寡核苷酸之一些效力。發明者發現具有主鏈之特異性修飾之免疫刺激寡核苷酸不僅穩定性增加,而且刺激干擾素-α(IFN-α)產生及誘導TLR9活化之能力增強。
因此,此等分子之效力增強。
本發明大體而言係關於含有某些主鏈修飾之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,以及相關免疫刺激寡核苷酸及組合物。本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸適用於需要用於刺激或加強免疫反應之組合物或方法的任何配置或應用。本發明之寡核苷酸在包括佐劑、疫苗及用於治療各種病狀之其他藥物的醫藥組合物之製備中具有特定用途,該等病狀包括癌症、感染性疾病、過敏症及哮喘、發炎性及自體免疫性疾病。因此在某些態樣中,本發明係關於包括本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸的免疫刺激組合物,以及其使用方法。亦如下文所揭示,本發明之寡核苷酸在用於活化免疫細胞、給個體接種疫苗、治療患有免疫系統缺乏症、感染、癌症、過敏性病狀或發炎性或自體免疫性疾病或處於患該等疾病之危險中之個體的方法中具有特定用途。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸包含由式I描述之嘧啶-嘌呤(Py-Pu)二核苷酸:
其中R為氫(H)、C1
-C4
烷基、甲氧基乙基、特戊醯基氧基甲基、特戊醯基氧基苄基或S-特戊醯基硫乙基或其生理學耐受性鹽;X、Y及Z為氧(O)或硫(S);R1
及R2
為H或C1
-C4
烷其;Py為具有嘧啶鹼基之核苷或核苷類似物且Pu為具有
嘌呤鹼基之核苷或核苷類似物。
就本發明而言,術語"免疫刺激寡核苷酸",或等同言之,"免疫刺激核酸"係指具有至少一個本發明之Py-Pu免疫刺激二核苷酸且能夠活化免疫細胞的任何核酸。在本發明之一些實施例中,該嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸可為CpG二核苷酸。在該種狀況下,至少CpG二核苷酸之C通常(但並非必定)未甲基化。包含嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸之免疫刺激核酸被描述於許多已頒發之專利及公開專利申請案中,包括美國專利第6,194,388號;第6,207,646號;第6,218,371號;第6,239,116號;第6,339,068號;第6,406,705號;及第6,429,199號。在本發明之一些態樣中,希望免疫刺激寡核苷酸具有一個以上Py-Pu免疫刺激二核苷酸。
含有至少一個Py-Pu二核苷酸之免疫刺激寡核苷酸為含有對應於式I之嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸序列且可活化免疫系統的核酸分子。含有至少一個Py-Pu二核苷酸之免疫刺激核酸之非限制性實例為含有未甲基化胞嘧啶-鳥嘌呤二核苷酸序列(亦即,未甲基化5'胞嘧啶核苷,接著3'鳥苷且藉由膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵連接)之核酸。在本發明之一些態樣中,Py-Pu二核苷酸為C-G二核苷酸。"C-G"二核苷酸係被描述為根據式5'-Py-Pu-3'之二核苷酸,其中Py為C或經修飾C且Pu為G或經修飾G。本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸可能含有多個C-G二核苷酸。該等C-G二核苷酸中之一或多者可能具有膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵。
在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸充當TLR9配位體。如本文所使用,術語"TLR9配位體"係指能夠誘導TLR9信號轉導增加之任何藥劑(亦即,TLR9之促效劑)。TLR9配位體特定地包括(但不限於)免疫刺激CpG核酸分子。
在本發明之一些態樣中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸含有膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵。在一些實施例中,該等鍵僅存在於至少一個內部Py-Pu二核苷酸中。在其他實施例中,該等鍵存在於多個Py-Pu二核苷酸中或存在於並非全部的Py-Pu二核苷酸中。就本發明而言,亦可能的為膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵存在於Py-Pu免疫刺激二核苷酸以外之處。膦醯基乙酸酯及膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵係由式I及下式所描述:
其中R、R1
、R2
、Y及Z係如上述所定義,且Nu為任何核苷酸。
免疫刺激寡核苷酸可能於Py-Pu二核苷酸處具有除膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵外之其他主鏈修飾。穩定核苷酸間鍵為與磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵相比對活體內降解(例如,經由外切或內切核酸酶)具有相對抗性之核苷酸間鍵。除膦醯基乙酸酯及膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵外,寡核苷酸可能含有其他穩定核苷酸間鍵,包括(但不限於)硫代磷酸酯鍵、二硫代磷酸酯鍵、甲基膦酸酯鍵及甲基硫代磷酸酯鍵。其他穩定核苷酸間鍵包括(但不限於):肽鍵、烷基鍵及脫磷酸(dephospho)鍵。類似其他穩定鍵之膦醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵對核酸酶消化之敏感性降低且其活化RNAse H之能力增強。因此,舉例而言,磷酸二酯(而非膦醯基乙酸酯)寡核苷酸對核酸酶消化敏感,而磷酸二酯及膦醯基乙酸酯寡核苷酸兩者皆可活化RNAse H。在一些實施例中,Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸包括至少一個磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵。
免疫刺激寡核苷酸可能於較佳內部位置處包括除膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵外之抗降解性5'及3'末端。該等抗降解性末端可能涉及導致對外切核酸酶消化之抗性相對於相應未經修飾之末端增加的任何合適之修飾。舉例而言,該等5'及3'末端可藉由包括主鏈之至少一個磷酸酯修飾而穩定。在一實施例中,各末端處之主鏈之至少一個磷酸酯修飾獨立地為硫代磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸
酯、膦醯基乙酸酯、膦醯基乙酸酯樣、甲基膦酸酯或甲基硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵。在另一實施例中,抗降解性末端於3'末端處包括一或多個藉由肽或醯胺鍵連接之核苷酸單元。
術語"核酸"及"寡核苷酸"亦涵蓋具有諸如在鹼基及/或糖處之取代或修飾的核酸或寡核苷酸。舉例而言,其包括具有主鏈糖之核酸,該等糖共價連接於除2'位置處之羥基及除5'位置處之磷酸酯基或羥基外的低分子量有機基團。因此,經修飾之核酸可包括2'-O-烷基化脫氧核糖基團。另外,經修飾之核酸可包括諸如阿拉伯糖或2'-氟阿拉伯糖而非脫氧核糖之糖。因此,核酸可在主鏈組成上為異質的,進而含有連接在一起之聚合物單元之任何可能組合,諸如肽-核酸(其具有帶有核酸鹼基之胺基酸主鏈)。就本發明而言,寡核苷酸不為反義寡核苷酸、核糖酶或適體。
核酸亦包括經取代之嘌呤及嘧啶,諸如C-5丙炔嘧啶及7-脫氮-7-經取代嘌呤修飾之鹼基(Wagner RW等人,(1996)Nat Biotechnol
14:840-4)。嘌呤及嘧啶包括(但不限於)腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鳥嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、5-甲基胞嘧啶、5-羥基胞嘧啶、5-氟胞嘧啶、2-胺基嘌呤、2-胺基-6-氯嘌呤、2,6-二胺基嘌呤、次黃嘌呤以及其他天然及非天然產生之核鹼基、經取代及未經取代之芳族部分。其他該等修飾為熟習此項技術者所熟知。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸可包括其他ODN類之基元及特性,諸如A類、B類、C類、T類、P類及E類,只要其包
括根據式I之經修飾嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸即可。"B類"ODN可有效活化B細胞,但在誘導IFN-α及NK細胞活化方面相對較弱。B類CpG核酸通常為完全穩定的且在某些較佳鹼基鄰近序列內包括未甲基化CpG二核苷酸。參見例如美國專利第6,194,388號;第6,207,646號;第6,214,806號;第6,218,371號;第6,239,116號;及第6,339,068號。另一類可有效誘導IFN-α及NK細胞活化,但在刺激B細胞方面相對較弱;此類被稱為A類。"A類"CpG核酸通常具有於5'及3'末端處之穩定聚-G序列及至少6個核苷酸之含有回文磷酸二酯CpG二核苷酸之序列。參見例如公開專利申請案PCT/US00/26527(WO 01/22990)。另一類CpG核酸可活化B細胞及NK細胞且誘導IFN-α;此類被稱為"C類"。如最初所表徵通常為完全穩定之C類CpG核酸包括B類類型序列及富含GC之回文結構(palindrome)或近似回文結構。此類已被描述於2001年8月17日申請之美國臨時專利申請案60/313,273、2002年8月19日申請之US10/224,523及US中,該等文獻之全部內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。此等組合基元核酸具有在某種程度上介於跟傳統B類CpG ODN(該等傳統B類CpG ODN為B細胞活化及樹突狀細胞(DC)活化之強誘導物)相關之彼等效應與跟一類近來已被描述之免疫刺激核酸(B類CpG ODN,其為IFN-α及自然殺手(NK)細胞活化之強誘導物,但為B細胞及DC活化之相對較弱的誘導物)相關之彼等效應之間的免疫刺激效應。Krieg AM等人,(1995)Nature
374:546-9;Ballas ZK等人,(1996)J Immunol
157:1840-5;Yamamoto S等人,(1992)J Immunol
148:4072-6。雖然先前技術B類CpG ODN常常具有硫代磷酸酯主鏈且先前技術A類CpG ODN具有混合或嵌合主鏈,但C類組合基元免疫刺激核酸可具有穩定(例如)硫代磷酸酯、嵌合或磷酸二酯主鏈,且在一些情況下其具有半軟主鏈。膦酸酯或膦酸酯樣修飾可併入此等類型之分子之每一者中。
"T類"寡核苷酸誘導比B類或C類寡核苷酸低之IFN-α(如在本發明之ODN中,當未經修飾時)及IFN相關細胞因子及趨化因子的分泌水平,同時保留誘導類似於B類寡核苷酸之IL-10水平的能力。參見例如美國專利申請案第11/099,683號。另一類,亦即P類寡核苷酸在一些情況下具有可誘導比C類高得多之IFN-α分泌水平的能力。"P類"寡核苷酸具有活體外及/或活體內自發地自體組裝為串聯體(concatamer)之能力。在不受任何特定理論所束縛之情況下,對於使此等分子起作用之方法而言,一種潛在假設為與先前所述種類之CpG寡核苷酸相比,此特性賦予P類寡核苷酸使某些免疫細胞內之TLR9更為高度交聯之能力,從而誘導不同模式之免疫活化。參見例如美國專利申請案第11/706,561號。"E類"寡核苷酸為A、B、C、T或P類寡核苷酸之亞類,其進一步包含序列R3
Py-Pu R4
,其中R3
及R4
各為親脂性經取代核苷酸類似物,其中Py為嘧啶核苷酸且其中Pu為嘌呤或無鹼基殘基。較佳親脂性核苷酸類似物為(例如)5-氯-尿嘧啶、5-溴-尿嘧啶、5-碘-尿嘧啶、5-乙基-
尿嘧啶、5-丙基-尿嘧啶、2,4-二氟-甲苯及3-硝基吡咯。
經修飾之主鏈,諸如具有膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵及其他鍵之彼等者可使用自動化技術,利用胺基磷酸酯或H-膦酸酯化學來合成。合成係例如描述於國際專利申請案WO 02/32912中。具有磷醯基乙酸酯及膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵之寡核苷酸的合成係例如描述於美國專利第6,693,187號中,該文獻之內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。芳基膦酸酯及烷基膦酸酯可例如根據美國專利第4,469,863號中所述來製造;且烷基磷酸三酯(其中帶電氧部分如美國專利第5,023,243號及歐洲專利第092,574號中所述經烷基化)可藉由自動固相合成,使用市售試劑來製備。已描述用於進行其他DNA主鏈修飾及取代之方法(Uhlmann,E.等人,(1990)Chem Rev
90:544;Goodchild,J.(1990)Bioconjugate Chem
1:165)。用於製備嵌合寡核苷酸之方法亦為已知。舉例而言,頒予Uhlmann等人之專利已描述該等技術。
寡核苷酸可為DNA或RNA。在一實施例中,本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸為包含核糖及脫氧核糖之混合主鏈的DNA/RNA雜合分子。DNA/RNA雜合寡核苷酸常常在各種T細胞依賴性應用中展現增加之活性,且用此等寡核苷酸來刺激常常導致免疫反應相關分子(諸如細胞因子)之不同概況之誘導。在一實施例中,此等DNA/RNA雜合寡核苷酸為單股寡核苷酸。在另一實施例中,所有或部分寡核苷酸為雙股寡核苷酸。
在一實施例中,本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸係呈具有一
級及二級結構之共價閉合、啞鈴狀分子的形式。在一實施例中,該等環狀寡核糖核苷酸包括兩個藉由插入雙股區段連接之單股環。在一實施例中,至少一個單股環包括本發明之免疫刺激DNA基元。本發明之其他共價閉合、啞鈴狀分子包括嵌合DNA/RNA分子,其中例如雙股區段至少部分為DNA(例如,同質二聚dsDNA或異質二聚DNA:RNA)且至少一個單股環包括本發明之免疫刺激DNA基元。或者,嵌合分子之雙股區段為DNA。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸亦可包括其他修飾。此等包括非離子DNA類似物,諸如烷基磷酸酯及芳基磷酸酯(其中帶電膦酸酯氧由烷基或芳基置換)、磷酸二酯及烷基磷酸三酯(其中帶電氧部分經烷基化)。亦顯示於任一或兩個末端處含有諸如四乙二醇或六乙二醇之二醇的核酸大體上抗核酸酶降解。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸與天然RNA及DNA相比可包含各種化學修飾及取代,此涉及磷酸二酯核苷酸間橋、β-D-核糖單元及/或天然核苷酸鹼基(腺嘌呤、鳥嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)。化學修飾之實例為熟習此項技術者所已知且例如描述於Uhlmann,E.等人,(1990)Chem Rev
90:543;"Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs"Synthesis and Properties & Synthesis and Analytical Techniques,S.Agrawal,編,Humana Press,Totowa,USA 1993;Crooke,S.T.等人,(1996)Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
36:107-129;及Hunziker,J.等人,(1995)Mod Synth Methods
7:331-417中。根據本發明
之寡核苷酸可具有一或多個修飾,其中與由天然DNA或RNA構成之相同序列之寡核苷酸相比,各修飾位於特定磷酸二酯核苷酸間橋處及/或位於特定β-D-核糖單元處及/或位於特定天然核苷酸鹼基位置處。
舉例而言,本發明係關於一種寡核苷酸,其可包含一或多個修飾且其中各修飾獨立地選自下列各者:a)由經修飾之核苷酸間橋置換位於核苷酸之3'及/或5'末端處之磷酸二酯核苷酸間橋;b)由脫磷酸橋置換位於核苷酸之3'及/或5'末端處之磷酸二酯橋;c)由另一單元置換磷酸糖主鏈之磷酸糖單元;d)由經修飾之糖單元置換β-D-核糖單元;及e)由經修飾之核苷酸鹼基置換天然核苷酸鹼基。
寡核苷酸之化學修飾之更詳細實例係如下。
位於核苷酸之3'及/或5'末端處之磷酸二酯核苷酸間橋可由經修飾之核苷酸間橋置換,其中該經修飾之核苷酸間橋例如係選自硫代磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸酯、NR1
R2
-胺基磷酸酯、硼烷磷酸酯、α-羥基苄基膦酸酯、磷酸-(C1
-C21
)-O-烷基酯、磷酸-[(C6
-C12
)芳基-(C1
-C21
)-O-烷基]酯、(C1
-C8
)烷基膦酸酯及/或(C6
-C12
)芳基膦酸酯橋、(C7
-C12
)-α-羥基甲基-芳基(例如,WO 95/01363中所揭示),其中(C6
-C12
)芳基、(C6
-C20
)芳基及(C6
-C14
)芳基視情況經鹵素、烷基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基取代,且其中R1
及R2
互相獨立地為氫、(C1
-C18
)-烷基、(C6
-C20
)-芳基、(C6
-C14
)-芳基-(C1
-C8
)-烷
基,較佳為氫、(C1
-C8
)-烷基,較佳為(C1
-C4
)-烷基及/或甲氧基乙基,或R1
及R2
連同攜帶其之氮原子形成可另外含有另一來自O、S及N之群之雜原子的5-6員雜環。
由脫磷酸橋(脫磷酸橋例如描述於Uhlmann E及Peyman A之"Methods in Molecular Biology,"第20卷,"Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs,"S.Agrawal,編,Humana Press,Totowa 1993,第16章,第355頁及以下各頁中)置換位於核苷酸之3'及/或5'末端處之磷酸二酯橋,其中脫磷酸橋例如係選自脫磷酸橋甲縮醛、3'-硫基甲縮醛、甲基羥基胺、肟、亞甲基二甲基-伸肼基、二亞甲基碸及/或矽烷基。
來自磷酸糖主鏈(亦即,磷酸糖主鏈係由磷酸糖單元構成)之磷酸糖單元(亦即,β-D-核糖及磷酸二酯核苷酸間橋共同形成磷酸糖單元)可由另一單元置換,其中另一單元例如適合於形成"嗎啉基-衍生物"寡聚物(例如Stirchak EP等人,(1989)Nucleic Acids Res
17:6129-41中所述),亦即例如,由嗎啉基-衍生物單元置換;或形成聚醯胺核酸("PNA";例如Nielsen PE等人,(1994)Bioconjug Chem
5:3-7中所述),亦即例如,由PNA主鏈單元置換,例如由2-胺基乙基甘胺酸置換。
β-D-核糖單元或β-D-2'-脫氧核糖單元可由經修飾之糖單元置換,其中該經修飾之糖單元例如係選自α-D-2'-脫氧核糖、α-L-2'-脫氧核糖、β-L-2'-脫氧核糖、β-L-核糖、2'-F-2'-脫氧核糖、2'-F-2'-脫氧-阿拉伯糖、2'-O-(C1
-C6
)烷基-核
糖(較佳2'-O-(C1
-C6
)烷基-核糖為2'-O-甲基核糖)、2'-O-(C2
-C6
)烯基-核糖、2'-[O-(C1
-C6
)烷基-O-(C1
-C6
)烷基]-核糖、2'-NH2
-2'-脫氧核糖、β-D-木-呋喃醣、α-阿拉伯呋喃醣、2,4-二脫氧-β-D-赤-己-哌喃醣以及碳環(例如Froehler,J.(1992)Am Chem Soc
114:8320中所述)及/或開鏈糖類似物(例如Vandendriessche等人,(1993)Tetrahedron
49:7223中所述)及/或雙環糖類似物(例如Tarkov,M.等人,(1993)Helv Chim Acta
76:481中所述)。
在一些實施例中,糖為2'-O-甲基核糖、2'-脫氧核糖、2'-氟-2'-脫氧核糖、2'-胺基-2'脫氧核糖、2'-O-烷基-核糖或3'-O-烷基-核糖及/或2'-O-4'-C-伸烷基核糖,諸如2'-O-4'-C-亞甲基核糖(亦稱為LNA)。
核酸亦包括經取代之嘌呤及嘧啶,諸如C-5丙炔嘧啶及7-脫氮-7-經取代嘌呤修飾之鹼基(Wagner,R.W.等人,(1996)Nat Biotechnol
14:840-4)。嘌呤及嘧啶包括(但不限於)腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鳥嘌呤及胸腺嘧啶,以及其他天然及非天然產生之核鹼基、經取代及未經取代之芳族部分。
經修飾之鹼基為在化學上不同於通常見於DNA及RNA中之天然產生之鹼基(諸如T、C、G、A及U)但與此等天然產生之鹼基共有基本化學結構的任何鹼基。經修飾之核苷酸鹼基可例如選自次黃嘌呤、尿嘧啶、二氫尿嘧啶、假尿嘧啶、2-硫尿嘧啶、4-硫尿嘧啶、5-胺基尿嘧啶、5-(C1
-C6
)-烷基尿嘧啶、5-(C2
-C6
)-烯基尿嘧啶、5-(C2
-C6
)-炔基尿嘧啶、5-(羥基甲基)尿嘧啶、5-氯尿嘧啶、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-溴
尿嘧啶、5-碘-尿嘧啶、2,4-二氟-甲苯及3-硝基吡咯、5-羥基胞嘧啶、5-(C1
-C6
)-烷基胞嘧啶、5-(C2
-C6
)-烯基胞嘧啶、5-(C2
-C6
)-炔基胞嘧啶、5-氯胞嘧啶、5-氟胞嘧啶、5-溴胞嘧啶、N2
-二甲基鳥嘌呤、2,4-二胺基-嘌呤、8-氮雜嘌呤、經取代之7-脫氮嘌呤(較佳為7-脫氮-7-經取代嘌呤及/或7-脫氮-8-經取代嘌呤)、5-羥基甲基胞嘧啶、N4-烷基胞嘧啶(例如,N4-乙基胞嘧啶)、5-羥基脫氧胞嘧啶核苷、5-羥基甲基脫氧胞嘧啶核苷、N4-烷基脫氧胞嘧啶核苷(例如,N4-乙基脫氧胞嘧啶核苷)、6-硫基脫氧鳥苷,及硝基吡咯之脫氧核糖核苷酸、C5-丙炔基嘧啶,及二胺基嘌呤(例如,2,6-二胺基嘌呤)、肌苷、5-甲基胞嘧啶、2-胺基嘌呤、2-胺基-6-氯嘌呤、次黃嘌呤或天然核苷酸鹼基之其他修飾。此列舉意欲為例示性的,而不應解釋為具限制性。
在本文中"Py"係用於指嘧啶且在一些實施例中係指含有胞嘧啶或經修飾之胞嘧啶的核苷酸。如本文所使用之經修飾胞嘧啶為胞嘧啶之天然存在或非天然存在之嘧啶鹼基類似物,其可置換此鹼基而不削弱寡核苷酸之免疫刺激活性。經修飾之胞嘧啶包括(但不限於)5-經取代之胞嘧啶(例如,5-甲基-胞嘧啶、5-氟-胞嘧啶、5-氯-胞嘧啶、5-溴-胞嘧啶、5-碘-胞嘧啶、5-經基-胞嘧啶、5-羥基甲基-胞嘧啶、5-二氟甲基-胞嘧啶及未經取代或經取代之5-炔基-胞嘧啶)、6-經取代之胞嘧啶、N4-經取代之胞嘧啶(例如,N4-乙基-胞嘧啶)、5-氮雜-胞嘧啶、2-巰基-胞嘧啶、異胞嘧啶、假異胞嘧啶、具有稠環系統之胞嘧啶類似物(例
如,N,N'-伸丙基胞嘧啶或啡噁嗪)以及尿嘧啶及其衍生物(例如,5-氟-尿嘧啶、5-溴-尿嘧啶、5-溴乙烯基-尿嘧啶、4-硫基-尿嘧啶、5-羥基-尿嘧啶、5-丙炔基-尿嘧啶)。一些較佳胞嘧啶包括5-甲基-胞嘧啶、5-氟-胞嘧啶、5-羥基-胞嘧啶、5-羥基甲基-胞嘧啶及N4-乙基-胞嘧啶。在本發明之另一實施例中,胞嘧啶鹼基經通用鹼基(例如,3-硝基吡咯、P-鹼基)、芳族環系統(例如,氟苯或二氟苯)或氫原子(dSpacer)取代。
在本文中"Pu"係用於指嘌呤或經修飾之嘌呤。在一些實施例中,Pu為鳥嘌呤或經修飾之鳥嘌呤鹼基。如本文中所使用之經修飾之鳥嘌呤為鳥嘌呤之天然存在或非天然存在之嘌呤鹼基類似物,其可置換此鹼基而不削弱寡核苷酸之免疫刺激活性。經修飾之鳥嘌呤包括(但不限於)7-脫氮鳥嘌呤、7-脫氮-7-經取代之鳥嘌呤(諸如7-脫氮-7-(C2
-C6
)炔基鳥嘌呤)、7-脫氮-8-經取代之鳥嘌呤、次黃嘌呤、N2
-經取代之鳥嘌呤(例如,N2
-甲基-鳥嘌呤)、5-胺基-3-甲基-3H,6H-噻唑幷[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮、2,6-二胺基嘌呤、2-胺基嘌呤、嘌呤、吲哚、腺嘌呤、經取代之腺嘌呤(例如,N6-甲基-腺嘌呤、8-羥基腺嘌呤)、8-經取代之鳥嘌呤(例如,8-羥基鳥嘌呤及8-溴鳥嘌呤)及6-硫基鳥嘌呤。在本發明之另一實施例中,鳥嘌呤鹼基經通用鹼基(例如,4-甲基-吲哚、5-硝基-吲哚及K-鹼基)、芳族環系統(例如,苯并咪唑或二氯-苯并咪唑、1-甲基-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-甲酸醯胺)或氫原子(dSpacer)取代。
本發明亦涵蓋具有稀有核苷酸間鍵(包括5'-5'、2'-2'、2'-3'及2'-5'核苷酸間鍵)之寡核苷酸。在本發明之一些態樣中,有利地為寡核苷酸具有一或多個可接近之5'末端。有可能產生具有兩個如此之5'末端之經修飾寡核苷酸。此可例如藉由經由3'-3'鍵連接兩個寡核苷酸以產生具有一或兩個可接近之5'末端之寡核苷酸來達成。3'-3'鍵可為磷酸二酯鍵、硫代磷酸酯鍵、膦醯基乙酸酯鍵或任何其他經修飾之核苷酸間橋。用於達成該等鍵聯之方法在此項技術中係已知的。舉例而言,該等鍵聯已被描述於Seliger,H.等人,Oligonucleotide analogs with terminal 3'-3'-and 5'-5'-internucleotidic linkages as antisense inhibitors of viral gene expression,Nucleotides & Nucleotides(1991),10(1-3),469-77及Jiang等人,Pseudo-cyclic oligonucleotides:in vitro and in vivo properties,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry(1999),7(12),2727-2735中。
在一實施例中,該等稀有鍵不包括在免疫刺激DNA基元中,即使該等鍵中之一或多者可存在於聚合物中之別處亦然。對於具有游離末端之聚合物而言,包括一個3'-3'核苷酸間鍵可產生具有兩個游離5'末端之聚合物。相反,對於具有游離末端之聚合物而言,包括一個5'-5'核苷酸間鍵可產生具有兩個游離3'末端之聚合物。
另外,3'-3'、5'-5'、2'-2'、2'-3'及2'-5'連接之核酸(其中鍵不為磷酸二酯鍵、硫代磷酸酯鍵、膦醯基乙酸酯鍵或其他經修飾之橋)可使用另一間隔基(spacer)諸如三乙二醇或
四乙二醇磷酸酯部分來製備(Durand,M.等人,Triple-helix formation by an oligonucleotide containing one(dA)12 and two(dT)12 sequences bridged by two hexaethylene glycol chains,Biochemistry(1992),31(38),9197-204,美國專利第5658738號,及美國專利第5668265號)。或者,非核苷酸連接子可使用標準亞磷醯胺(phosphoramidite)化學衍生自乙二醇、丙二醇,或衍生自無鹼基脫氧核糖(dSpacer)單元(Fontanel,Marie Laurence等人,Sterical recognition by T4 polynucleotide kinase of non-nucleosidic moieties 5'-attached to oligonucleotides;Nucleic Acids Research(1994),22(11),2022-7)。非核苷酸連接子可併入一次或多次,或互相組合,而容許欲連接之兩個ODNs之3'端之間任何需要之距離。
寡核苷酸可含有雙倍體(doubler)或三倍體(trebler)單元(Glen Research,Sterling,VA),尤其具有3'-3'鍵之經修飾之寡脫氧核糖核苷酸類似物。在一個實施例中,雙倍體單元可基於1,3-雙-[5-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基氧基)戊基醯胺基]丙基-2-[(2-氰基乙基)-(N,N-二異丙基)]-亞磷醯胺。在一個實施例中,三倍體單元可基於參-2,2,2-[3-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基氧基)丙氧基甲基]乙基-[(2-氰基乙基)-(N,N-二異丙基)]-亞磷醯胺之合併。經修飾之寡核糖核苷酸類似物藉由多個雙倍體、三倍體或其他多倍體單元分枝產生本發明之另一實施例之樹枝狀聚合物。與非分枝形式之類似物相比,分枝之經修飾之寡核糖核苷酸類似物可導致具有
不同免疫效應之特別針對免疫刺激RNA及DNA之組合的受體(諸如TLR3、TLR7、TLR8及TLR9)交聯。另外,分枝或多聚類似物之合成可使DNA穩定而不降解,且可能使微弱或部分有效DNA序列發揮治療有用程度之免疫活性。經修飾之寡脫氧核糖核苷酸類似物亦可含有由肽修飾劑或寡核苷酸修飾劑(Glen Research)產生之連接子單元。此外,經修飾之寡脫氧核糖核苷酸類似物可含有一或多個藉由肽(醯胺)鍵連接於該聚合物之天然或非天然胺基酸殘基。
3'-5'、5'-5'、3'-3'、2'-2'、2'-3'及2'-5'核苷酸間鍵可為直接或間接鍵。就此而論,直接鍵係指如本文所揭示之磷酸酯或經修飾之磷酸酯鍵,而無插入連接子部分。插入連接子部分為不同於如本文所揭示之磷酸酯或經修飾磷酸酯鍵的有機部分,其可包括(例如)聚乙二醇、三乙二醇、六乙二醇、dSpacer(亦即,無鹼基脫氧核苷酸)、雙倍體單元或三倍體單元。
該等鍵較佳係由C、H、N、O、S、B、P及鹵素構成,其含有3至300個原子。具有3個原子之實例為使例如一個核苷酸之3'-羥基連接於第二寡核苷酸之3'-羥基的縮醛鍵(ODN1-3'-O-CH2
-O-3'-ODN2)。具有約300個原子之實例為PEG-40(聚乙二醇40)。較佳鍵為磷酸二酯鍵、硫代磷酸酯鍵、甲基膦酸酯鍵、胺基磷酸酯鍵、硼烷膦酸酯鍵、醯胺鍵、醚鍵、硫醚鍵、縮醛鍵、硫縮醛鍵、脲鍵、硫脲鍵、磺醯胺鍵、希夫鹼(Schiff' Base)鍵及二硫鍵。亦可能使用Solulink BioConjugation系統,亦即(www.trilinkbiotech.com)。
若寡核苷酸係兩個或兩個以上序列部分構成,則此等部分可相同或不同。因此,在具有3'3'鍵之寡核苷酸中,該等序列可為相同5'-ODN1-3'3'-ODN1-5'或不同5'-ODN1-3'3'-ODN2-5'。此外,各種寡核苷酸部分之化學修飾以及連接其之連接子可能不同。因為短寡核苷酸之攝取似乎不及長寡核苷酸有效,所以連接兩個或兩個以上短序列導致免疫刺激改良。短寡核苷酸之長度較佳為2-20個核苷酸,更佳為3-16個核苷酸,但最佳為5-10個核苷酸。較佳為所連接之寡核苷酸具有兩個或兩個以上未連接之5'末端。
寡核苷酸部分序列亦可藉由非核苷酸連接子連接。如本文所使用之"非核苷酸連接子"係指不為核苷酸或其聚合物(亦即,聚核苷酸)(其中核苷酸包括嘌呤或嘧啶核鹼基及磷酸糖)之任何連接子元素,尤其無鹼基連接子(dSpacer)、三乙二醇單元或六乙二醇單元。更佳連接子為烷基胺基連接子,諸如C3、C6、C12胺基連接子,以及烷基硫醇連接子,諸如C3或C6硫醇連接子。寡核苷酸亦可藉由可進一步經烷基或經取代烷基取代之芳族殘基連接。
為有助於攝取至細胞中,在一些實施例中免疫刺激寡核苷酸之長度在3至100個鹼基之範圍內。在一些實施例中,寡核苷酸之長度為7-100個鹼基。通常,若存在足夠的免疫刺激基元,則大於6個核苷酸(甚至許多kb長)之任何尺寸的核酸能夠誘導本發明之免疫反應。然而,本發明之經修飾寡核苷酸的改良免疫刺激能力提供長度短得多之免疫刺激分子。在一些實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸之長度為3-
6個鹼基。寡核苷酸可長於100個核苷酸。舉例而言,在一些情況下其可為120個、150個、200個或甚至更長。
其他穩定寡核苷酸包括:非離子DNA類似物,諸如烷基磷酸酯及芳基磷酸酯(其中帶電膦酸酯氧由烷基或芳基置換)、磷酸二酯及烷基磷酸三酯(其中帶電氧部分經烷基化)。亦顯示於任一或兩個末端處含有諸如四乙二醇或六乙二醇之二醇的核酸大體上抗核酸酶降解。
本發明之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸適用於刺激需要該治療之個體的免疫反應。需要該治療之個體為患有自體免疫疾病或發炎性病狀或處於患該疾病之危險中之個體、患有癌症或處於患該疾病之危險中之個體、經受化學療法或放射治療之癌症個體、染上病毒、細菌或寄生蟲感染或處於染上該感染之危險中之個體、患有哮喘之個體、患有過敏症或過敏性鼻炎之個體、患有動脈粥樣硬化或處於患該疾病之危險中之個體或經受組織或器官移植之個體。
處於患上癌症之危險中之個體為患上癌症之可能性高的個體。此等個體包括(例如)具有遺傳異常(已證明其之存在與患上癌症之較高可能性具有相關性關係)之個體,及暴露於引起癌症之物質(諸如煙草、石棉或其他化學毒素)的個體,或先前已接受過癌症治療且表面上得到緩解之個體。當用對處於患癌症的危險中之個體之癌症類型具特異性的抗原及Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸治療處於患上癌症之危險中的個體時,該個體能夠在癌細胞顯現時將其殺死。若腫瘤開始在個體體內形成,則個體將顯現針對腫瘤抗原
之特異性免疫反應。患有癌症之個體為具有可偵測之癌細胞的個體。該癌症可為惡性或非惡性癌症。如本文所使用之"癌症"係指干擾身體器官及系統之正常功能的不受控制之細胞生長。自原始位置遷移且種植於重要器官中之癌症可能會最終導致個體因受影響器官之功能退化而死亡。諸如白血病之造血癌症能夠壓制個體體內之正常造血區室,進而導致造血衰竭(呈貧血、血小板減少症及嗜中性球減少症之形式),最終導致命亡。可單獨用Py-Pu寡核苷酸或與抗原或其他治療劑組合來治療個體。
轉移為不同於原發腫瘤位置之癌細胞區域,其係由癌細胞自原發腫瘤散布至身體之其他部分而引起。在診斷原發腫瘤塊時,可針對轉移之存在來監測個體。除監測特定症狀以外,轉移最常係經由單獨使用或組合使用磁共振成像(MRI)掃描、電腦斷層(CT)掃描、血液及血小板計數、肝功能研究、胸部X射線及骨掃描來偵測。
癌症包括(但不限於)基底細胞癌、膽道癌;膀胱癌;骨癌;腦癌及中樞神經系統(CNS)癌症;乳腺癌;子宮頸癌;絨膜癌;結腸癌及直腸癌;結締組織癌;消化系統癌症;子宮內膜癌;食道癌;眼癌;頭頸部癌;上皮內贅瘤;腎癌;喉癌;白血病;肝癌;肺癌(例如,小細胞及非小細胞肺癌);淋巴瘤,包括霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma)及非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma);黑色素瘤;骨髓瘤;神經母細胞瘤;口腔癌(例如,唇、舌、嘴及咽部癌);卵巢癌;胰腺癌;前列腺癌;視網膜
胚細胞瘤;橫紋肌肉瘤;直腸癌;呼吸系統癌症;肉瘤;皮膚癌;胃癌;睾丸癌;甲狀腺癌;子宮癌;泌尿系統癌症,以及其他癌瘤、腺癌及肉瘤。
患有感染之個體為已暴露於感染性病原體且體內具有短期或長期可偵測含量之病原體的個體。Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可在有或無抗原之情況下用於產生能夠減少感染性病原體之含量或消除感染性病原體的抗原特異性全身性或黏膜免疫反應。如本文所使用,感染性疾病為由體內存在外來微生物而引起之疾病。開發有效疫苗策略及治療來保護身體黏膜表面尤為重要,其中該等表面為病原進入之主要部位。處於患有感染之危險中之個體為可能預期接觸到微生物之個體。該等個體之非限制性實例為醫務工作者或到世界上微生物感染之發生率高之地方旅行的彼等者。
患有過敏症之個體為具有響應於過敏原之過敏性反應之個體。過敏症係指對物質(過敏原)之後天性過敏。過敏性病狀包括(但不限於)濕疹、過敏性鼻炎或鼻傷風、枯草熱、結膜炎、支氣管哮喘、風疹(蕁麻疹)及食物過敏以及其他異位性病狀。
過敏一般係由針對無害過敏原產生IgE抗體而引起。藉由全身性或經黏膜投與CpG免疫刺激寡核苷酸誘導之細胞因子主要為稱為Th1之種類(實例為IL-12、IP-10、IFN-α及IFN-γ)且此等細胞因子誘導體液及細胞免疫反應兩者。與產生IL-4及IL-5細胞因子相關之其他主要類型之免疫反應係稱為Th2免疫反應。一般而言,似乎過敏性疾病係由Th2
型免疫反應介導。基於CpG免疫刺激寡核苷酸使個體之免疫反應自主要Th2(其與IgE抗體及過敏之產生有關)變為平衡Th2/Th1反應(其針對過敏性反應具保護性)的能力,可向個體投與可有效誘導免疫反應之劑量的CpG免疫刺激寡核苷酸來治療或預防哮喘及過敏。
因此,Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸在治療諸如哮喘之過敏性及非過敏性病狀方面具有顯著的治療效用。Th2細胞因子,尤其IL-4及IL-5在哮喘個體之氣管中增加。此等細胞因子促進哮喘發炎性反應之重要態樣,包括IgE同位素轉換、嗜伊紅血球趨化性及活化以及肥大細胞生長。Th1細胞因子,尤其IFN-γ及IL-12可抑制Th2純系之形成及Th2細胞因子之產生。哮喘係指特徵為氣管發炎、變窄及氣管對吸入物質之反應性增加的呼吸系統病症。哮喘常常與異位性或過敏性症狀相關,不過並非只與其相關。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸可適用於治療涉及先天性免疫反應或Th1樣免疫反應之病狀,包括炎症、異位性皮炎、急性及慢性同種異體移植排斥反應、移植物抗宿主疾病(GvHD)、某些自體免疫疾病及敗血症。鑒於可根據本發明達成之TLR信號轉導之選擇性抑制,本發明可用於治療該等病狀。
自體免疫疾病一般可歸類為抗體介導型、T細胞介導型或抗體介導型與T細胞介導型之組合。成信本發明之接頭(adaptor)ODN及TLR配位體組合適用於治療各種類型之自體免疫性疾病,包含抗體介導或T細胞介導之免疫性疾
病,包括胰島素依賴性(I型)糖尿病、類風濕性關節炎、多發性硬化症、全身性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)及發炎性腸病(亦即,克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)及潰瘍性結腸炎)。此等自體免疫疾病之動物模型係可利用的且其適用於評估本發明之組合對此等疾病之功效。其他自體免疫疾病包括(但不限於)斑禿、後天性血友病、強直性脊椎炎、抗磷脂症候群、自體免疫肝炎、自體免疫溶血性貧血、貝希氏症候群(Behcet's syndrome)、心肌病、乳麋瀉皮炎(celiac sprue dermatitis)、慢性疲勞免疫缺陷症候群(CFIDS)、慢性發炎性脫髓鞘多發性神經病、徹奇-斯全司症候群(Churg-Strauss syndrome)、瘢痕性類天疱瘡、CREST症候群、冷凝集素疾病、盤狀狼瘡、原發性混合型冷球蛋白血症、肌肉纖維疼痛、纖維肌炎、古立安-白端症候群(Guillain-Barrsyndrome)、特發性肺纖維化、特發性血小板減少性紫癜、IgA腎病、幼年型關節炎、扁平苔癬、重症肌無力、結節性多動脈炎、多軟骨炎、多腺性症候群、皮肌炎、原發性無γ球蛋白血症、原發性膽汁性肝硬化症、牛皮癬、雷諾現象(Raynaud's phenomena)、賴特症候群(Reiter's syndrome)、類肉瘤病、僵人症候群(stiff-man syndrome)、高安氏關節炎(Takayasu arthritis)、顳動脈炎/巨細胞性動脈炎、葡萄膜炎、血管炎及白癜風。
在若干自體免疫疾病中,常常觀察到自體抗原之抗體。舉例而言,對於全身性紅斑狼瘡而言,已描述自體抗體為單股及雙股DNA或RNA。Vallin,H.等人,(1999)J Immunol
163:6306-13;Hoet,R.M.等人,(1999)J Immunol
163:3304-12;ven Venrooij(1990)J Clin Invest
86:2154-60。經常發現見於自體免疫患者之血清中之自體抗體的含量與疾病嚴重性有關。例如在人類SLE中出現之自體抗體之型式表明,諸如含有RNA或DNA之複合物之完整大分子顆粒自身可具免疫原性且因此可出現抗核酸抗體。Lotz,M.等人,(1992)Mol Biol Rep
16:127;Mohan C等人,(1993)J Exp Med
177:1367-81。該自例如存在於自體免疫患者之血清中之細胞凋亡細胞或含有DNA或RNA之微生物釋放的DNA或RNA可引起促成自體免疫疾病之炎症。Fatenejad,S.(1994)J Immunol
152:5523-31;Malmegrim,K.C.等人,(2002)Isr Med Assoc J
4:706-12;Newkirk,M.M.等人,(2001)Arthritis Res
3:253-8。實際上,含有CpG之序列可自誘導受IFN-α分泌控制之有效免疫反應的SLE血清中鑑別出,其中認為該IFN-α分泌促進自體免疫疾病發展。Magnusson,M.等人,(2001)Scand J Immunol
54:543-50;Rnnblom,L.等人,(2001)J Exp Med
194:F59-63。另外,可鑑別出抗RNA抗體之抗原決定基且其係由富含G,U之序列構成。Tsai,D.E.等人,(1992)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
89:8864-8:Tsai,D.E.等人,(1993)J Immunol
150:1137-45。富含G,U之序列似乎為TLR7及TLR8之天然配位體,且因此可介導原則上可促成自體免疫疾病或促進自體免疫疾病發展之免疫刺激反應。PCT/US03/10406。假定由作為自體抗體之標靶之血清CpG DNA或富含G,U之
RNA介導的免疫刺激具重要性,本發明提供一種用於治療患有自體免疫疾病或處於患該疾病之危險中的個體之與CpG DNA或RNA介導之免疫刺激相關之病狀的方法。
個體應意謂人類或脊椎動物,包括(但不限於)狗、貓、馬、母牛、豬、綿羊、山羊、火雞、雞、靈長類動物(例如,猴子)及魚(水產業物種)(例如,鮭魚)。該個體較佳為哺乳動物且更佳為人類。因此,本發明亦可用於治療非人類個體之癌症及腫瘤、感染及過敏/哮喘。癌症係伴侶動物(亦即,貓及狗)死亡之主要病因之一。
如本文所使用,術語治療在關於諸如感染性疾病、癌症、過敏症或哮喘之病症使用時係指增加個體對患上疾病(例如,受病原體感染)之抗性或換言之減小個體會患上疾病(例如,變成受病原體感染)之可能性的預防性治療以及在個體已患上疾病後為抵抗疾病(例如,減少或消除感染)或防止疾病惡化而進行的治療。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可作為治療方案之部分單獨投與或與其他療法或藥物一起投與。如本文所使用,"治療方案"係指包括(但不限於)手術、放射治療、投與治療藥物之程序。作為治療方案之部分投與之治療藥物可與靶向分子一起調配或與之締合。如本文所使用之"靶向分子"係指將使免疫刺激寡核苷酸靶向細胞上或細胞內之特定位點的任何分子,諸如抗原。在一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸與該靶向分子結合。在另一實施例中,靶向分子係與未結合之免疫刺激寡核苷酸一起投與。在一些情況下,靶向分
子及免疫刺激寡核苷酸可包封於諸如脂質體之傳遞媒劑中。在其他情況下,靶向分子連接於傳遞媒劑之外面。
在Py-Pu寡核苷酸與抗原一起投與之情況下,可使個體暴露於該抗原。如本文所使用,術語"暴露於"係指使個體與抗原接觸之主動步驟或在活體內使個體被動暴露於抗原。用於使個體主動暴露於抗原之方法在此項技術中係熟知的。一般而言,藉由諸如靜脈內、肌肉內、口服、經皮、經黏膜、鼻內、氣管內或皮下投藥之任何方式直接向個體投與抗原。可全身地或局部地投與該抗原。用於投與抗原及Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸之方法在下文更詳細地加以描述。若抗原變得可暴露於體內之免疫細胞,則使個體被動地暴露於抗原。可例如藉由外來病原體進入體內或藉由於表面上表現外來抗原之腫瘤細胞的發展來使個體被動地暴露於抗原。
使個體被動地暴露於抗原之方法可尤其視投與Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸之時序而定。舉例而言,在處於患上癌症或感染性疾病或過敏性或哮喘反應之危險中之個體中,當彼危險最大時,亦即在過敏季節期間或在暴露於引起癌症之物質後,可定期向該個體投與Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸。另外,可在旅行者到使其處於暴露於感染物之危險中的外地旅行之前向其投與Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸。同樣,當個體暴露於抗原及若如此時,可向處於暴露於生物戰之危險中之士兵或百姓投與Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸以誘導對該抗原之全身性或黏膜免疫反應。
抗原為能夠引起免疫反應之分子。抗原包括(但不限於)細胞、細胞提取物、蛋白質、多肽、肽、多醣、多醣結合物、多醣及其他分子之肽及非肽模擬物、小分子、脂質、糖脂、碳水化合物、病毒及病毒提取物以及多細胞生物(諸如寄生蟲及過敏原)。術語抗原廣泛地包括由宿主免疫系統識別為外來物的任何類型之分子。抗原包括(但不限於)癌抗原、微生物抗原及過敏原。
如本文所使用之癌抗原為與腫瘤或癌細胞表面相關且當在MHC分子之情況下表現於抗原呈現細胞之表面上時能夠引起免疫反應的化合物,諸如肽或蛋白質。癌抗原可藉由製備癌細胞之粗提取物(例如Cohen等人,1994,Cancer Research
,54:1055中所述),藉由部分純化抗原,藉由重組技術,或藉由已知抗原之重新合成而自癌細胞製備。癌抗原包括(但不限於)重組表現之抗原、整個腫瘤或癌瘤之免疫原性部分或整個腫瘤或癌瘤。該等抗原可用重組方法或藉由此項技術中已知之任何其他方式來分離或製備。
如本文所使用之微生物抗原為微生物之抗原且包括(但不限於)病毒、細菌、寄生蟲及真菌。該等抗原包括完整微生物,以及其天然分離物及片段或衍生物,以及與天然微生物抗原相同或類似且誘導對彼微生物具特異性之免疫反應之合成化合物。若化合物誘導對天然微生物抗原之免疫反應(體液及/或細胞),則其類似於天然微生物抗原。該等抗原經常在此項技術中使用且為一般熟習此項技術者所熟知。
病毒為一般含有核酸核心及蛋白質殼,但不為獨立活有機體之較小感染物。病毒亦可呈現缺乏蛋白質之感染性核酸之形式。病毒不能在缺乏活細胞(病毒可在其內部進行複製)之情況下存活。病毒藉由內吞作用或直接注射DNA(噬菌體)而進入特異性活細胞中且繁殖,從而引起疾病。接著繁殖之病毒可被釋放且感染其他細胞。一些病毒為含有DNA之病毒且其他為含有RNA之病毒。DNA病毒包括Pox、Herpes、Adeno、Papova、Parvo及Hepadna。RNA病毒包括Picorna、Calici、Astro、Toga、Flavi、Corona、Paramyxo、Orthomyxo、Bunya、Arena、Rhabdo、Filo、Borna、Reo及Retro。在一些態樣中,本發明亦意欲治療疾病進展涉及朊病毒之疾病,諸如動物之牛海綿狀腦病(亦即,瘋牛病、BSE)或綿羊癢病感染,或人類之庫賈氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)。
病毒包括(但不限於)腸病毒(包括(但不限於)小核醣核酸病毒科(picornaviridae
)病毒,諸如脊髓灰質炎病毒(polio virus)、科沙奇病毒(Coxsackie virus)、埃可病毒(echo virus))、輪狀病毒、腺病毒及肝炎病毒,諸如A、B、C、D及E型肝炎病毒。已見於人類中之病毒之特定實例包括(但不限於):逆轉錄病毒科(Retroviridae
)(例如,人類免疫缺陷性病毒,諸如HIV-1,亦稱為HTLV-III、LAV或HTLV-III/LAV或HIV-III;及其他分離物,諸如HIV-LP);小核醣核酸病毒科(例如,脊髓灰質炎病毒、A型肝炎病毒;腸病毒、人類科沙奇病毒、鼻病毒、埃可病毒);杯狀病毒科
(Calciviridae
)(例如,引起腸胃炎之菌株);披膜病毒科(Togaviridae
)(例如,馬腦炎病毒、風疹病毒);黃病毒科(Flaviviridae
)(例如,登革熱病毒、腦炎病毒、黃熱病毒);冠狀病毒科(Coronaviridae
)(例如,冠狀病毒);彈狀病毒科(Rhabdoviridae
)(例如,水泡性口炎病毒、狂犬病病毒);絲狀病毒科(Filoviridae
)(例如,依波拉病毒(ebola virus));副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae
)(例如,副流感病毒、腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒、呼吸道融合性病毒);正黏病毒科(Orthomyxoviridae
)(例如,流感病毒);布尼亞病毒科(Bunyaviridae
)(例如,漢灘病毒(Hantaan virus)、布尼亞病毒(bunya virus)、靜脈病毒(phlebovirus)及內羅病毒(Nairo virus));沙粒病毒科(Arenaviridae
)(出血熱病毒);呼腸孤病毒科(Reoviridae
)(例如,呼腸孤病毒、環狀病毒及輪狀病毒);雙核糖核酸病毒科(Birnaviridae
);肝病毒科(Hepadnaviridae
)(B型肝炎病毒);細小病毒科(Parvoviridae
)(細小病毒);乳多空病毒科(Papovaviridae
)(乳頭狀瘤病毒、多形瘤病毒);腺病毒科(Adenoviridae
)(大多數為腺病毒);疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae
)(單純疱疹病毒(HSV)1及2、水痘帶狀疱疹病毒、細胞巨大病毒(CMV));痘病毒科(Poxviridae
)(天花病毒、牛痘病毒、痘病毒);虹彩病毒科(Iridoviridae
)(例如,非洲豬瘟病毒);及其他病毒:急性喉氣管支氣管炎病毒、α病毒(Alphavirus)、卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)相關疱疹病毒、新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus)、尼帕病毒(Nipah virus)、諾沃克
病毒(Norwalk virus)、乳頭狀瘤病毒、副流感病毒、禽流感病毒、SARs病毒、西尼羅病毒(West Nile virus)。
革蘭氏陰性(gram negative)及革蘭氏陽性(gram positive)細菌皆為脊椎動物之感染物。該等革蘭氏陽性細菌包括(但不限於)巴斯德桿菌屬(Pasteurella
)種、葡萄球菌屬(Staphylococci
)種及鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus
)種。革蘭氏陰性細菌包括(但不限於)大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli
)、假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas
)種及沙門氏菌屬(Salmonella
)種。感染性細菌之特定實例包括(但不限於)幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pyloris
)、伯氏疏螺旋菌(Borelia burgdorferi
)、嗜肺性退伍軍人桿菌(Legionella pneumophilia
)、分枝桿菌屬(Mycobacteria sps
)(例如,結核分枝桿菌(M.tuberculosis
)、鳥分枝桿菌(M.avium
)、胞內分枝桿菌(M.intracellulare
)、堪薩斯分枝桿菌(M.kansaii
)、戈登分枝桿菌(M.gordonae
))、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus
)、淋病雙球菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae
)、腦膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria meningitidis
)、單核球增多性李氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes
)、釀膿鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes
)(A群鏈球菌(Group A Streptococcus))、無乳鏈球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae
)(B群鏈球菌(Group B Streptococcus))、鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus
)(草綠色鏈球菌群(viridans group))、糞鏈球菌(Streptococcus faecalis
)、牛鏈球菌(Streptococcus bovis
)、鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus
)(厭氧性種類)、肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae
)、病原性空腸彎麴菌屬
(Campylobacter sp.
)、腸球菌屬(Enterococcus sp.
)、流感嗜血桿菌(Haemophilus influenzae
)、炭疽桿菌(Bacillus antracis
)、白喉桿菌(corynebacterium diphtheriae
)、棒狀桿菌屬(corynebacterium sp.
)、紅斑丹毒絲菌(Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
)、產氣莢膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringers
)、破傷風梭菌(Clostridium tetani
)、產氣腸桿菌(Enterobacter aerogenes
)、肺炎克氏桿菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae
)、多殺巴斯德桿菌(Pasturella multocida
)、擬桿菌屬(Bacteroides sp.
)、具核梭桿菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum
)、念珠狀鏈桿菌(Streptobacillus moniliformis
)、梅毒密螺旋體(Treponema pallidium
)、細弱密螺旋體(Treponema pertenue
)、鉤端螺旋體屬(Leptospira
)、立克次氏體(Rickettsia
)及以色列氏放線菌(Actinomyces israelli
)。
真菌之實例包括新型隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans
)、莢膜組織胞漿菌(Histoplasma capsulatum
)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioides immitis
)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis
)、砂眼披衣菌(Chlamydia trachomatis
)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans
)。
其他感染性有機體(亦即,原生生物)包括瘧原蟲屬(Plasmodium spp.
)(諸如惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum
)、三日瘧原蟲(Plasmodium malariae
)、卵形瘧原蟲(Plasmodium ovale
)及間日瘧原蟲(Plasmodium vivax
))及剛地弓形蟲(Toxoplasma gondii
)。血源性及/或組織寄生蟲包括瘧原蟲屬、田鼠巴貝蟲(Babesia microti
)、分離巴貝蟲(Babesia divergens
)、熱帶利什曼原蟲(Leishmania tropica
)、利什曼原蟲屬(Leishmania spp.
)、巴西利什曼原蟲(Leishmania braziliensis
)、杜氏利什曼原蟲(Leishmania donovani
)、岡比亞錐蟲(Trypanosoma gambiense
)及羅得西亞錐蟲(Trypanosoma rhodesiense
)(非洲昏睡病(African sleeping sickness))、克式錐蟲(Trypanosoma cruzi
)(恰加斯病(Chagas' disease))及剛地弓形蟲。
其他醫學上相關之微生物已廣泛地描述於文獻中,例如參見C.G.A.Thomas,Medical Microbiology
,Bailliere Tindall,Great Britain 1983,其全部內容以引用的方式併入本文中。
過敏原係指可誘導易感性個體之過敏性或哮喘反應的物質(抗原)。過敏原之列數目眾多且可包括花粉、昆蟲毒液、動物皮屑塵、真菌孢子及藥物(例如,青黴素(penicillin))。天然動植物過敏原之實例包括(但不限於)對下列屬具特異性之蛋白質:犬科(Canine
)(家犬(Canis familiaris
));塵蟎屬(Dermatophagoides
)(例如,粉塵蟎(Dermatophagoides farinae
);貓屬(Felis
)(家貓(Felis domesticus
));豚草屬(Ambrosia
)(豚草(Ambrosia artemiisfolia
));黑麥草屬(Lolium
)(例如,黑麥草(Lolium perenne
)或多花黑麥草(Lolium multiflorum
));柳杉屬(Cryptomeria
)(日本柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica
));交鏈孢屬(Alternaria
)(細交鏈孢菌(Alternaria alternata
));榿木屬(Alder
),赤楊屬(Alnus
)(普通赤楊(Alnus gultinoasa
));樺
木屬(Betula
)(白樺(Betula verrucosa
));櫟屬(Quercus
)(白櫟(Quercus alba
));木犀欖屬(Olea
)(橄欖樹(Olea europa
));艾屬(Artemisia
)(艾草(Artemisia vulgaris
));車前屬(Plantago
)(例如,長葉車前(Plantago lanceolata
));牆草屬(Parietaria
)(例如,藥用牆草(Parietaria officinalis
)或猶大牆草(Parietaria judaica
));小蠊屬(Blattella
)(例如,德國小蠊(Blattella germanica
));蜜蜂屬(Apis
)(例如,多花蜜蜂(Apis multiflorum
));柏木屬(Cupressus
)(例如,絲柏(Cupressus sempervirens
)、綠幹柏(Cupressus arizonica
)及大果柏木(Cupressus macrocarpa
));刺柏屬(Juniperus
)(例如,沙皮刺柏(Juniperus sabinoides
)、鉛筆柏(Juniperus virginiana
)、歐洲刺柏(Juniperus communis
)及美國雪松(Juniperus ashei
));側柏屬(Thuya
)(例如,側柏(Thuya orientalis
));扁柏屬(Chamaecyparis
)(例如,日本扁柏(Chamaecyparis obtusa
));大蠊屬(Periplaneta
)(例如,美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana
));冰草屬(Agropyron
)(例如,匍匐冰草(Agropyron repens
));黑麥屬(Secale
)(例如,黑麥(Secale cereale
));小麥屬(Triticum
)(例如,普通小麥(Triticum aestivum
));鴨茅屬(Dactylis
)(例如,鴨茅(Dactylis glomerata
));羊茅屬(Festuca
)(例如,草地羊茅(Festuca elatior
));早熟禾屬(Poa
)(例如,草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis
)或加拿大早熟禾(Poa compressa
));燕麥屬(Avena
)(例如,燕麥(Avena sativa
));絨毛草屬(Holcus
)(例如,絨毛草(Holcus lanatus
));黃花茅屬(Anthoxanthum
)(例如,香黃花茅(Anthoxanthum odoratum
));燕麥草屬(Arrhenatherum
)(例如,花葉燕麥草(Arrhenatherum elatius
));小糠草屬(Agrostis
)(例如,小糠草(Agrostis alba
));梯牧草屬(Phleum
)(例如,貓尾草(Phleum pratense
));虉草屬(Phalaris
)(例如,絲帶草(Phalaris arundinacea
));雀稗屬(Paspalum
)(例如,百喜草(Paspalum notatum
));高粱屬(Sorghum
)(例如,假高粱(Sorghum halepensis
));及雀麥屬(Bromus
)(例如,無芒雀麥(Bromus inermis
))。
本發明之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可單獨投與或與諸如佐劑之其他治療劑組合投與以增強免疫反應。免疫刺激寡核苷酸及其他治療劑可同時或依序投與或作為治療方案之部分投與。當同時投與其他治療劑時,其可以同一調配物或獨立調配物形式投與,但同時加以投與。當使其他治療劑與免疫刺激寡核苷酸之投與短暫分開時,其他治療劑彼此間且與免疫刺激寡核苷酸依序投與。此等化合物之投與之間的時間分隔可為約數分鐘或其可能更長。其他治療劑包括(但不限於)佐劑、細胞因子、抗體、抗原、藥物等。在一些情況下,Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸連接於治療劑或藥物可為有利的。此鍵可為共價或非共價鍵。共價鍵為藥劑與寡核苷酸經由共價鍵連接之鍵。寡核苷酸與抗原之間的共價鍵可為任何合適類型之共價鍵,其限制條件為當免疫刺激寡核苷酸與抗原如此連接時保留各個組份之可量測之功能活性。共價鍵可為直接或間接鍵,例如經由連接子
部分。共價連接之免疫刺激寡核苷酸與抗原可在細胞內加以處理以便自一者釋放另一者。以此方式,任一組份至細胞之傳遞可比若以獨立製劑或獨立組份形式投與時之傳遞增強。
非共價鍵為不存在共價鍵之鍵,諸如經由氫鍵合締合或締合於傳遞媒劑(諸如微粒)內。
本發明之寡核苷酸可與抗微生物劑一起投與至個體。如本文所使用,抗微生物劑係指能夠殺死或抑制感染性微生物之天然存在或合成的化合物。根據本發明適用之抗微生物劑之類型將視個體所感染或使個體處於成為受感染者之危險中之微生物的類型而定。抗微生物劑包括(但不限於)抗細菌劑、抗病毒劑、抗真菌劑及抗寄生蟲劑。諸如"抗感染劑"、"抗細菌劑"、"抗病毒劑"、"抗真菌劑"、"抗寄生蟲劑"及"殺寄生蟲藥"之片語具有一般熟習此項技術者公認之意義且被定義在標準醫書中。簡言之,抗細菌劑殺死或抑制細菌,且包括抗生素以及具有類似功能之其他合成或天然化合物。抗生素為作為次級代謝產物由細胞(諸如微生物)產生之低分子量分子。一般而言,抗生素干擾一或多種對微生物具特異性且不存在於宿主細胞中之細菌功能或結構。抗病毒劑可自天然來源分離或合成得之且適用於殺死或抑制病毒。抗真菌劑用於治療表面真菌感染以及機會性及原發性全身性真菌感染。抗寄生蟲劑殺死或抑制寄生蟲。
適用於人類投藥之抗寄生蟲劑(亦稱為殺寄生物藥)之實
例包括(但不限於)阿苯達唑(albendazole)、兩性黴素B(amphotericin B)、苄硝唑(benznidazole)、硫氯酚(bithionol)、鹽酸氯喹(chloroquine HCl)、磷酸氯喹(chloroquine phosphate)、氯林可黴素(clindamycin)、去氫依米丁(dehydroemetine)、乙胺嗪(diethylcarbamazine)、二氯尼特糠酸酯(diloxanide furoate)、依氟鳥胺酸(eflornithine)、呋喃唑酮(furazolidaone)、糖皮質激素(glucocorticoids)、鹵泛群(halofantrine)、雙碘喹啉(iodoquinol)、伊維菌素(ivermectin)、甲苯達唑(mebendazole)、甲氟喹(mefloquine)、葡甲胺銻酸鹽(meglumine antimoniate)、美拉胂醇(melarsoprol)、美曲磷酯(metrifonate)、甲硝噠唑(metronidazole)、氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)、硝呋替莫(nifurtimox)、奧沙尼喹(oxamniquine)、巴龍黴素(paromomycin)、噴他脒羥乙磺酸鹽(pentamidine isethionate)、哌嗪、吡喹酮(praziquantel)、磷酸伯氨喹(primaquine phosphate)、氯胍(proguanil)、雙羥萘酸喹嘧啶(pyrantel pamoate)、乙胺嘧啶(pyrimethanmine)-磺醯胺、乙胺嘧啶-磺胺多辛(sulfadoxine)、鹽酸米帕林(quinacrine HCl)、硫酸奎寧(quinine sulfate)、葡糖酸奎尼定(quinidine gluconate)、螺旋黴素(spiramycin)、葡萄糖酸銻鈉(stibogluconate sodium/sodium antimony gluconate)、蘇拉明(suramin)、四環素(tetracycline)、多西環素(doxycycline)、噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole)、替硝唑(tinidazole)、酞司普林-磺胺甲噁唑(trimethroprim-
sulfamethoxazole)及錐蟲胂胺(tryparsamide),其中一些單獨使用或與其他者組合使用。
抗細菌劑殺死細菌或抑制細菌之生長或功能。一大類抗細菌劑為抗生素。可有效殺死或抑制各種細菌之抗生素被稱為廣譜抗生素。其他類型之抗生素主要可有效對抗格蘭氏陽性或革蘭氏陰性種類之細菌。此等類型之抗生素被稱為窄譜抗生素。可有效對抗單一有機體或疾病而非對抗其他類型之細菌之其他抗生素被稱為限譜(limited spectrum)抗生素。抗細菌劑有時係基於其主要作用方式而分類。一般而言,抗細菌劑為細胞壁合成抑制劑、細胞膜抑制劑、蛋白質合成抑制劑、核酸合成或功能性抑制劑及競爭性抑制劑。
抗病毒劑為可防止病毒感染細胞或病毒在細胞內之複製的化合物。抗病毒藥物比抗細菌藥物少得多,此係因為病毒複製之過程與宿主細胞內之DNA複製非常密切相關,以至於非特異性抗病毒劑對宿主而言常常會具毒性。病毒感染之過程中存在可為抗病毒劑所阻斷或抑制之若干階段。此等階段包括病毒附著於宿主細胞(免疫球蛋白或結合肽)、病毒脫殼(例如,三環癸胺(amantadine))、病毒mRNA之合成或轉譯(例如,干擾素)、病毒RNA或DNA之複製(例如,核苷酸類似物)、新病毒蛋白之成熟(例如,蛋白酶抑制劑)及病毒之出芽及釋放。
核苷酸類似物為類似於核苷酸,但具有不完全或異常脫氧核糖或核糖基團之合成化合物。一旦核苷酸類似物處於
細胞中後,其被磷酸化,從而產生與正常核苷酸競爭併入病毒DNA或RNA中之三磷酸酯形式。一旦三磷酸酯形式之核苷酸類似物併入生長中之核酸鏈中後,其引起與病毒聚合酶不可逆之締合且由此導致鏈終止。核苷酸類似物包括(但不限於)阿昔洛韋(acyclovir)(用於治療單純疱疹病毒及水痘-帶狀疱疹病毒)、更昔洛韋(gancyclovir)(適用於治療細胞巨大病毒)、碘苷(idoxuridine)、病毒唑(ribavirin)(適用於治療呼吸道融合性病毒)、雙脫氧肌苷、雙脫氧胞嘧啶核苷、齊多夫定(zidovudine)(疊氮胸苷(azidothymidine))、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)及雷斯喹莫特(resimiquimod)。
干擾素為由受病毒感染之細胞以及免疫細胞分泌的細胞因子。干擾素藉由與相鄰於受感染細胞之細胞上之特異性受體結合而起作用,從而引起保護細胞使之不受病毒感染之細胞變化。α-干擾素及β-干擾素亦誘導I類及II類MHC分子於受感染細胞之表面上之表現,從而導致抗原呈現增加以用於宿主免疫細胞識別。α-干擾素及β-干擾素可以重組形式得到且已用於治療慢性B型及C型肝炎感染。在對於抗病毒療法有效之劑量下,干擾素具有嚴重副作用,諸如發燒、不適感及重量減輕。
適用於本發明之抗病毒劑包括(但不限於)免疫球蛋白、三環癸胺、干擾素、核苷酸類似物及蛋白酶抑制劑。抗病毒劑之特定實例包括(但不限於)酯孟南(Acemannan);阿昔洛韋(Acyelovir);阿昔洛韋鈉(Acyclovir Sodium);阿丹弗(Adcfovir);阿洛夫定(Alovudine);阿韋舒托(Alvircept
Sudotox);鹽酸三環癸胺(Amantadine Hydrochloride);阿拉諾丁(Aranotin);阿立酮(Arildone);甲磺酸阿替韋啶(Atevirdine Mesylate);阿夫立定(Avridine);西多福韋(Cidofovir);西潘茶鹼(Cipamfylline);鹽酸阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine Hydrochloride);甲磺酸地拉韋啶(Delavirdine Mesylate);地昔洛韋(Desciclovir);去羥肌苷(Didanosine);二噁沙利(Disoxaril);依度尿苷(Edoxudine);恩韋拉登(Enviradene);恩韋肟(Enviroxime);泛昔洛韋(Famciclovir);鹽酸法莫汀(Famotine Hydrochloride);非西他濱(Fiacitabine);非阿尿苷(Fialuridine);磷利酯(Fosarilate);膦甲酸鈉(Foscarnet Sodium);膦乙醇鈉(Fosfonet Sodium);更昔洛韋(Ganciclovir);更昔洛韋鈉(Ganciclovir Sodium);碘苷(Idoxuridine);乙氧二羥丁酮(Kethoxal);拉米夫定(Lamivudine);洛布卡韋(Lobucavir);鹽酸美莫汀(Memotine Hydrochloride);美替沙腙(Methisazone);奈韋拉平(Nevirapine);噴昔洛韋(Penciclovir);吡羅達韋(Pirodavir);病毒唑(Ribavirin);鹽酸金剛乙胺(Rimantadine Hydrochloride);甲磺酸沙喹那韋(Saquinavir Mesylate);鹽酸索金剛胺(Somantadine Hydrochloride);索立夫定(Sorivudine);維司托隆(Statolon);司他夫定(Stavudine);鹽酸替洛隆(Tilorone Hydrochloride);曲氟尿苷(Trifluridine);鹽酸伐昔洛韋(Valacyclovir Hydrochloride);阿糖腺苷(Vidarabine);磷酸阿糖腺苷(Vidarabine Phosphate);阿糖腺苷磷酸鈉(Vidarabine Sodium Phosphate);韋羅肟
(Viroxime);紮西他濱(Zalcitabine);齊多夫定(Zidovudine);及淨韋肟(Zinviroxime)。
抗真菌劑適用於治療及預防感染性真菌。抗真菌劑有時根據其作用機制加以分類。一些抗真菌劑藉由抑制葡萄糖合成酶而起細胞壁抑制劑之作用。此等藥劑包括(但不限於)巴司金(basiungin)/ECB。其他抗真菌劑藉由使膜完整性不穩定而起作用。此等藥劑包括(但不限於)咪唑類,諸如克黴唑(clotrimazole)、瑟他康唑(sertaconzole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、咪康唑(miconazole)及伏立康唑(voriconacole),以及FK 463、兩性黴素B、BAY 38-9502、MK 991、帕地黴素(pradimicin)、UK 292、布替萘芬(butenafine)及特比萘芬(terbinafine)。其他抗真菌劑藉由分解幾丁質(例如,幾丁質酶)或免疫抑制(501乳膏)而起作用。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可與哮喘藥物一起投與。哮喘藥物包括(但不限於)PDE-4抑制劑、支氣管擴張劑/β-2促效劑、K+通道開放劑、VLA-4拮抗劑、神經激肽拮抗劑、凝血烷A2(TXA2)合成抑制劑、黃嘌呤、花生四烯酸拮抗劑、5脂肪加氧酶抑制劑、TXA2受體拮抗劑、TXA2拮抗劑、5-lipox活化蛋白抑制劑及蛋白酶抑制劑。
支氣管擴張劑/β2
促效劑為一類引起支氣管擴張或平滑肌鬆弛之化合物。支氣管擴張劑/β2
促效劑包括(但不限於)沙美特羅(salmeterol)、沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、舒喘寧(albuterol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、D2522/福莫特羅
(formoterol)、非諾特羅(fenoterol)、比托特羅(bitolterol)、吡布特羅(pirbuterol)、甲基黃嘌呤及奧西那林(orciprenaline)。長效β2
促效劑及支氣管擴張劑為除消炎療法外之用於長期預防症狀之化合物。長效β2
促效劑包括(但不限於)沙美特羅及舒喘寧。此等化合物通常與皮質類固醇組合使用且通常不在無任何炎症療法之情況下使用。其與諸如心跳過速、骨骼肌顫動、低鉀血症及在過度劑量下QTc間隔延長之副作用相關。
包括例如茶鹼之甲基黃嘌呤已用於長期控制及預防症狀。此等化合物導致支氣管擴張,此係由於抑制磷酸二酯酶且可能拮抗腺苷而引起。劑量相關之急性毒性為此等類型之化合物之特定問題。因此,必須定期監測血清濃度以便解釋由代謝清除率之個體差異引起之毒性及狹窄治療範圍。副作用包括心跳過速、快速性心律失常、噁心及嘔吐、中樞神經系統刺激、頭痛、疾病發作、吐血、高血糖症及低鉀血症。短效β2
促效劑包括(但不限於)舒喘寧、比托特羅、吡布特羅及特布他林。與投與短效β2
促效劑相關之一些不利作用包括心跳過速、骨骼肌顫動、低鉀血症、乳酸增加、頭痛及高血糖症。
色甘酸鈉(Chromolyn sodium)及奈多羅米(nedocromil)係用作主要預防由鍛煉引起之哮喘症狀或由過敏原引起之過敏性症狀的長期控制藥物。咸信此等化合物藉由干擾氯化物通道功能而阻斷對過敏原之早期及晚期反應。其亦使肥大細胞膜穩定且抑制inosineophils及上皮細胞活化及釋放
介體。通常需要四至六週之投藥時間以達成最大益處。
抗膽鹼能藥通常用於緩解急性支氣管痙攣。咸信此等化合物藉由競爭性抑制蕈毒鹼膽鹼能受體而起作用。抗膽鹼能藥包括(但不限於)異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)。此等化合物僅逆轉膽鹼能介導性支氣管痙攣,而不改變對抗原之任何反應。副作用包括嘴及呼吸分泌之變乾、一些個體之喘鳴增加及若噴於眼睛中則視力模糊。
本發明之免疫刺激寡核苷酸亦可與抗過敏療法一起投與。用於治療或預防過敏之習知方法涉及使用過敏藥物或脫敏療法。用於治療或預防過敏之一些發展中的療法包括使用中和抗IgE抗體。阻斷過敏性反應之化學介體之效應的抗組織胺及其他藥物幫助調節過敏性症狀之嚴重性,但不預防過敏性反應且對隨後之過敏性反應無作用。藉由給與小劑量之過敏原,通常藉由注射於皮膚下來執行脫敏療法,以誘導針對過敏原之IgG型反應。咸信IgG抗體之存在有助於中和由誘導IgE抗體引起之介體的產生。最初,用極低劑量之過敏原治療個體以避免誘導嚴重反應且慢慢增加劑量。此類型之療法有危險,此係因為實際上投與個體會引起過敏性反應之化合物且可能會導致嚴重過敏性反應。
過敏藥物包括(但不限於)抗組織胺、皮質類固醇及前列腺素誘導物。抗組織胺為抵抗由肥大細胞或嗜鹼細胞釋放之組織胺之化合物。此等化合物在此項技術中係熟知的且常用於治療過敏。抗組織胺包括(但不限於)阿伐斯汀
(acrivastine)、阿司咪唑(astemizole)、阿紮他定(azatadine)、氮卓斯汀(azelastine)、貝托斯汀(betatastine)、溴苯那敏(brompheniramine)、布克力嗪(buclizine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、西替利嗪類似物、氯芬尼拉明(chlorpheniramine)、氯馬斯汀(clemastine)、CS 560、賽庚啶(cyproheptadine)、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、右氯苯那敏(dexchlorpheniramine)、依巴斯汀(ebastine)、依匹斯汀(epinastine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、HSR 609、羥嗪(hydroxyzine)、左卡巴斯汀(levocabastine)、氯雷他定(loratidine)、甲基東莨菪鹼(methscopolamine)、咪唑斯汀(mizolastine)、諾司咪唑(norastemizole)、苯茚胺(phenindamine)、異丙嗪(promethazine)、吡拉明(pyrilamine)、特非那定(terfenadine)及曲尼司特(tranilast)。
皮質類固醇包括(但不限於)甲潑尼龍(methylprednisolone)、潑尼龍(prednisolone)、潑尼松(prednisone)、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、氟替卡松丙酸酯(fluticasone propionate)及曲安西龍(triamcinolone)。儘管地塞米松為具有消炎作用之皮質類固醇,但其並不經常用於治療吸入形式之過敏或哮喘,此係因為其高度被吸收且其在有效劑量下具有長期抑制性副作用。然而,地塞米松可根據本發明用於治療過敏或哮喘,此係因為當與本發明之組合物組合投與時,其可以低劑量投與以減少副作用。與皮質類固醇使用相關之一些副作用包括咳嗽、發音困
難、鵝口瘡(念珠菌病)且在較高劑量下為全身性效應,諸如腎上腺抑制、葡萄糖不耐受、骨質疏鬆症、骨無菌性壞死、形成白內障、生長抑制、高血壓、肌肉無力、皮膚變薄及皮肉易瘀清。Barnes及Peterson(1993)Am Rev Respir Dis
148:S1-S26;及Kamada AK等人,(1996)Am J Respir Crit Care Med
153:1739-48。
本發明之免疫刺激組合物亦可與抗癌療法一起投與。抗癌療法包括癌症藥物、放射治療及手術程序。如本文所使用,"癌症藥物"係指出於治療癌症之目的向個體投與之藥劑。如本文所使用,"治療癌症"包括預防癌症之發展、減少癌症之症狀及/或抑制已形成之癌症之生長。在其他態樣中,出於減低患癌症之風險之目的向處於患癌症之危險中的個體投與癌症藥物。本文描述用於治療癌症之各種類型之藥物。出於此說明書之目的,將癌症藥物分類為化學治療劑、免疫治療劑、癌症疫苗、激素療法及生物反應修飾劑。
另外,本發明之方法意欲包含使用一種以上癌症藥物以及Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸。舉例而言,適當時,Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可與化學治療劑及免疫治療劑一起投與。或者,癌症藥物可包含免疫治療劑及癌症疫苗,或化學治療劑及癌症疫苗,或化學治療劑、免疫治療劑及癌症疫苗,其係出於治療一個患有癌症或處於患癌症之危險中的個體之目的而向該個體共同投與。
化學治療劑可選自由下列各者組成之群:甲胺喋呤
(methotrexate)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、阿黴素(adriamycin)、順鉑(cisplatin)、不含糖之氯乙基亞硝基脲、5-氟尿嘧啶、絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)、博萊黴素(bleomycin)、羥道諾紅黴素(doxorubicin)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、紫杉酚(taxol)、福吉林(fragyline)、甲葡胺GLA(Meglamine GLA)、戊柔比星(valrubicin)、卡莫司汀(carmustaine)及聚苯丙生(poliferposan)、MMI270、BAY 12-9566、RAS法呢基轉移酶抑制劑、法呢基轉移酶抑制劑、MMP、MTA/LY231514、LY264618/洛美曲索(Lometexol)、格拉莫克(Glamolec)、CI-994、TNP-470、癌康定(Hycamtin)/拓朴替康(Topotecan)、PKC412、伐司撲達(Valspodar)/PSC833、諾凡特龍(Novantrone)/米曲特龍(Mitroxantrone)、美他特(Metaret)/蘇拉明(Suramin)、巴馬司他(Batimastat)、E7070、BCH-4556、CS-682、9-AC、AG3340、AG3433、因塞爾(Incel)/VX-710、VX-853、ZD0101、ISI641、ODN 698、TA 2516/瑪米司他(Marmistat)、BB2516/瑪米司他、CDP 845、D2163、PD183805、DX8951f、Lemonal DP 2202、FK 317、匹西巴尼(Picibanil)/OK-432、AD 32/戊柔比星、美他特龍(Metastron)/鍶衍生物、泰道(Temodal)/替莫唑胺(Temozolomide)、依伐克(Evacet)/脂質體羥道諾紅黴素(liposomal doxorubicin)、耶萬他仙(Yewtaxan)/太平洋紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)、紫杉酚/太平洋紫杉醇、希羅得(Xeload)/卡培他濱(Capecitabine)、氟鐵龍(Furtulon)/脫氧氟尿苷、賽
羅帕(cyclopax)/口服太平洋紫杉醇、口服紫杉烷類、SPU-077/順鉑、HMR 1275/黃酮吡醇(Flavopiridol)、CP-358(774)/EGFR、CP-609(754)/RAS致癌基因抑制劑、BMS-182751/口服鉑、UFT(喃氟啶(Tegafur)/尿嘧啶)、爾吉咪唑(Ergamisol)/左旋咪唑(Levamisole)、依尼盧雷西(Eniluracil)/776C85/5FU增強劑、開普拓(Campto)/左旋咪唑、開普拓沙(Camptosar)/伊立替康(Irinotecan)、土莫德(Tumodex)/雷利曲德(Ralitrexed)、樂司他丁(Leustatin)/克拉屈濱(Cladribine)、帕克斯(Paxex)/太平洋紫杉醇、都可喜(Doxil)/脂質體羥道諾紅黴素、楷萊(Caelyx)/脂質體羥道諾紅黴素、芙達龍(Fludara)/氟達拉濱(Fludarabine)、表阿黴素(Pharmarubicin)/表柔比星(Epirubicin)、得普賽(DepoCyt)、ZD 1839、LU 79553/雙-萘二甲醯亞胺、LU 103793/多拉斯他丁(Dolastain)、楷萊/脂質體羥道諾紅黴素、健擇(Gemzar)/吉西他濱(Gemcitabine)、ZD 0473/阿諾美德(Anormed)、YM 116、碘粒子(Iodine seed)、CDK4及CDK2抑制劑、PARP抑制劑、D4809/德西氟薩米得(Dexifosamide)、依非斯(Ifes)/美斯納(Mesnex)/異環磷醯胺(Ifosamide)、威猛(Vumon)/替尼泊苷(Teniposide)、鉑爾定(Paraplatin)/卡鉑(Carboplatin)、順氯氨鉑(Plantinol)/順鉑、凡畢士(Vepeside)/依託泊苷(Etoposide)、ZD 9331、紫杉德(Taxotere)/多烯紫杉醇(Docetaxel)、阿糖鳥苷(guanine arabinoside)之前藥、紫杉烷(Taxane)類似物、亞硝基脲、烷基化劑(諸如美法侖(melphelan)及環磷醯胺
(cyclophosphamide))、胺魯米特(Aminoglutethimide)、天冬醯胺酶、白消安(Busulfan)、卡鉑、苯丁酸氮芥(Chlorombucil)、鹽酸阿糖胞苷、放線菌素D(Dactinomycin)、鹽酸道諾黴素(Daunorubicin HCl)、雌莫司汀磷酸鈉(Estramustine phosphate sodium)、依託泊苷(VP16-213)、氟尿苷(Floxuridine)、氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、氟他胺(Flutamide)、羥基脲(Hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide)、異環磷醯胺、干擾素α-2a、α-2b、亮丙立德乙酸鹽(Leuprolide acetate)(LHRH釋放因子類似物)、洛莫司汀(Lomustine)(CCNU)、鹽酸氮芥(Mechlorethamine,nitrogen mustard)、巰嘌呤(Mercaptopurine)、美司鈉(Mesna)、米托坦(Mitotane)(o.p'-DDD)、鹽酸米托蒽醯(Mitoxantrone HCl)、奧曲肽(Octreotide)、普卡黴素(Plicamycin)、鹽酸丙卡巴肼(Procarbazine HCl)、鏈佐星(Streptozocin)、檸檬酸它莫西芬(Tamoxifen citrate)、硫鳥嘌呤(Thioguanine)、塞替派(Thiotepa)、硫酸長春鹼(Vinblastine sulfate)、安吖啶(Amsacrine)(m-AMSA)、阿紮胞苷(Azacitidine)、紅血球生成素(Erthropoietin)、六甲三聚氰胺(Hexamethylmelamine,HMM)、介白素2、米托胍腙(Mitoguazone)(甲基-GAG;甲基乙二醛雙-脒基腙;MGBG)、噴司他丁(Pentostatin)(2'脫氧助間型黴素(deoxycoformycin))、司莫司汀(Semustine)(甲基-CCNU)、替尼泊苷(VM-26)及長春地辛硫酸鹽(Vindesine sulfate),但其並不受限於此。
免疫治療劑可選自由下列各者組成之群:3622W94、4B5、ANA Ab、抗FLK-2、抗VEGF、ATRAGEN、AVASTIN(貝伐單抗(bevacizumab);Genentech)、BABS、BEC2、BEXXAR(托西莫單抗(tositumomab);GlaxoSmithKline)、C225、CAMPATH(阿來組單抗(alemtuzumab);Genzyme Corp.)、CEACIDE、CMA 676、EMD-72000、ERBITUX(西妥昔單抗(cetuximab);ImClone Systems,Inc.)、Gliomab-H、GNI-250、HERCEPTIN(曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab);Genentech)、IDEC-Y2B8、ImmuRAIT-CEA、ior c5、ior egf.r3、ior t6、LDP-03、利姆普西(LymphoCide)、MDX-11、MDX-22、MDX-210、MDX-220、MDX-260、MDX-447、MELIMMUNE-1、MELIMMUNE-2、莫那伐(Monopharm)-C、NovoMAb-G2、安可臨(Oncolym)、OV103、歐伐瑞(Ovarex)、帕諾瑞(Panorex)、普雷他格(Pretarget)、奎曲美(Quadramet)、利比他辛(Ributaxin)、RITUXAN(利妥昔單抗(rituximab);Genentech)、SMART 1D10 Ab、SMART ABL 364 Ab、SMART M195、TNT及ZENAPAX(達利珠單抗(daclizumab);Roche),但其並不受限於此。
癌症疫苗可選自由下列組成之群:EGF、抗獨特型癌症疫苗、Gp75抗原、GMK黑色素瘤疫苗、MGV神經節醣苷結合物疫苗、Her2/neu、歐伐瑞、M-Vax、O-Vax、L-Vax、STn-KHL舍雷托普(theratope)、BLP25(MUC-1)、脂質體獨特型疫苗、美拉辛(Melacine)、肽抗原疫苗、毒素/
抗原疫苗、MVA基疫苗、PACIS、BCG疫苗、TA-HPV、TA-CIN、DISC-病毒及ImmuCyst/TheraCys,但其並不限於此。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸與諸如單株抗體之免疫治療劑一起使用能夠經由多種機制增加長期存活率,該等機制包括ADCC之明顯增強(如上文所討論)、自然殺手(NK)細胞之活化及IFNα含量之增加。核酸與單株抗體組合使用時,可用以降低達成生物學結果所需抗體之劑量。
如本文所用,術語癌抗原及腫瘤抗原可互換使用,用於指由癌細胞差異表現且可加以利用以靶向癌細胞之抗原。癌抗原為可潛在地明顯刺激腫瘤特異性免疫反應之抗原。一些此等抗原係由正常細胞所編碼,儘管不一定由正常細胞所表現。此等抗原可表徵為通常在正常細胞中沉默(亦即不表現)者、僅於分化之某些階段表現者、及暫時表現者(諸如胚胎及胎兒抗原)。其他癌抗原係由突變細胞基因編碼,諸如致癌基因(例如活化之ras致癌基因)、抑制基因(例如突變p53)、由內部缺失或染色體易位產生之融合蛋白。其他癌抗原可由病毒基因編碼,諸如RNA及DNA腫瘤病毒上攜帶者。
本發明之組合物亦可與非核酸佐劑一起投與。非核酸佐劑為除本文所述之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸外之任何可刺激體液及/或細胞免疫反應的分子或化合物。非核酸佐劑包括例如產生儲存效應(depo effect)之佐劑、免疫刺激佐劑、及產生儲存效應且刺激免疫系統之佐劑。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸亦適用作黏膜佐劑。先前已發現,全身及黏膜免疫性皆藉由Py-Pu核酸之黏膜傳遞而誘導。因此,寡核苷酸可與其他黏膜佐劑組合投與。
免疫反應亦可藉由細胞因子(Bueler & Mulligan,1996;Chow等人,1997;Geissler等人,1997;Iwasaki等人,1997;Kim等人,1997)或B-7協同刺激分子(Iwasaki等人,1997;Tsuji等人,1997)與Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸之共投藥或共線表現而誘導或加強。術語細胞因子係用作不同群組之可溶性蛋白質及肽之總稱,該等蛋白質及肽於奈莫耳至皮莫耳濃度下充當體液調節劑且於正常或病理學條件下調節個別細胞及組織之功能活性。此等蛋白質亦直接介導細胞之間的相互作用且調節在胞外環境中進行之加工。細胞因子之實例包括(但不限於)IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-10、IL-12、IL-15、IL-18、顆粒球-巨噬細胞群落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、顆粒球群落刺激因子(G-CSF)、干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)、IFN-α、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)、TGF-β、FLT-3配位體及CD40配位體。細胞因子在T細胞反應定向中起作用。輔助(CD4+)T細胞經由產生作用於其他免疫系統細胞(包括其他T細胞)之可溶性因子來協調哺乳動物之免疫反應。大多數成熟CD4+ T輔助細胞表現兩個細胞因子概況中之一者:Th1或Th2。在一些實施例中,細胞因子較佳為Th1細胞因子。
寡核苷酸亦適用於使免疫反應自Th2免疫反應重新定向至Th1免疫反應。此導致產生相對平衡之Th1/Th2環境。免
疫反應自Th2重新定向至Th1免疫反應可藉由量測響應於核酸而產生之細胞因子之含量(例如,藉由誘導單核細胞細胞及其他細胞產生Th1細胞因子,包括IL-12、IFN-α及GM-CSF)來評估。免疫反應自Th2至Th1反應之重新定向或重新平衡尤其適用於治療或預防哮喘。舉例而言,可有效治療哮喘之量可為如下量:適用於使與哮喘相關之Th2類型之免疫反應重新定向至Th1類型之反應或平衡之Th1/Th2環境。Th2細胞因子,尤其IL-4及IL-5在哮喘個體之氣管中增加。本發明之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸引起Th1細胞因子之增加,此有助於使免疫系統重新平衡,從而預防或降低與主要為Th2免疫反應相關之不利效應。
本發明之寡核苷酸亦可適用於治療氣管重塑。氣管重塑由氣管中之平滑肌細胞增殖及/或黏膜下層增厚引起,且最終使得氣管變窄,從而導致氣流受限制。本發明之寡核苷酸可防止進一步重塑且甚至可能減少由重塑過程引起之組織增長(buildup)。
寡核苷酸亦適用於改善樹突狀細胞之存活、分化、活化及成熟。Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸具有促進樹突狀細胞之細胞存活、分化、活化及成熟之獨特能力。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸可直接投與個體或可與核酸傳遞複合物一起投與。核酸傳遞複合物應意謂與靶向工具(例如,導致與靶細胞較高親和力之結合之分子)結合(例如,與其離子結合或共價結合;或囊封於其中)之核酸分子。核酸傳遞複合物之實例包括與固醇(例如,膽固醇)、
脂質(例如,陽離子性脂質、病毒顆粒或脂質體)或靶細胞特異性結合劑(例如,由靶細胞特異性受體識別之配位體)結合之核酸。較佳複合物可在活體內足夠地穩定以防止在由靶細胞內在化之前明顯解偶。然而,複合物可於適當條件下在細胞內分解,以至於寡核苷酸以功能形式被釋放。
已描述用於將抗原及寡核苷酸傳遞至表面之傳遞媒劑或傳遞裝置。Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸及/或抗原及/或其他治療劑可單獨投與(例如,於生理食鹽水或緩衝劑中)或使用此項技術中已知之任何傳遞媒劑投與。在一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包括本發明之上述態樣中之任一者的組合物,以及選自下列者之傳遞媒劑:陽離子性脂質、脂質體、活細菌載體(例如,沙門氏菌屬(Salmonella
)、大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli
)、卡介菌(Bacillus calmatte-guerin
)、志賀桿菌屬(Shigella
)、乳桿菌屬(Lacrobacillus
))、活病毒載體(例如,牛痘、腺病毒、單純疱疹)、蝸牛狀物(cochleate)、病毒顆粒、免疫刺激複合物(ISCOM)、微粒、微球體、奈米球、單層微脂粒(LUV)、多層微脂粒、水包油乳液、油包水乳液、乳膠體(emulsome)、聚陽離子肽、微球體、核酸疫苗、聚合物、聚合物環、蛋白體、氟化鈉或轉殖基因植物,及(視情況)醫藥學上可接受之載劑。在根據本發明之此態樣之一實施例中,該醫藥組合物包括抗原。在根據本發明之此態樣之另一實施例中,該醫藥組合物包括抗感染藥物、抗癌症藥物、抗哮喘藥物、抗過敏藥物或抗炎症藥物或其他藥物。
在一實施例中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸與陽離子性脂質一起投與且該陽離子性脂質為DOTAP(甲基硫酸N-[1-(2,3-二油醯基氧基)丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基銨)。具有類似特性(包括運輸至核內體區室)之其他藥劑可替代DOTAP或除DOTAP外而加以使用。其他脂質調配物包括(例如)EFFECTENETM
(具有特定DNA縮合增強劑之非脂質體脂質)及SUPERFECTTM
(新穎起作用之樹枝狀聚合物技術)。脂質體可購自Gibco BRL,例如LIPOFECTINTM
及LIPOFECTACETM
,其係由諸如氯化N-[1-(2,3-二油醯基氧基)-丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基銨(DOTMA)及溴化二甲基二-十八烷基銨(DDAB)之陽離子性脂質形成。用於製造脂質體之方法在此項技術中係熟知的且已被描述於許多公開案中。脂質體亦已由Gregoriadis G(1985)Trends Biotechnol
3:235-241所綜述。
可藉由使脂質體與諸如單株抗體、糖、糖脂或蛋白質之特異性配位體偶合而使脂質體靶向特定組織。可適用於使脂質體靶向免疫細胞之配位體包括(但不限於):與免疫細胞特異性受體相互作用之完整分子或分子片段,以及與免疫細胞之細胞表面標記相互作用之分子(諸如抗體)。該等配位體可容易地藉由熟習此項技術者熟知之結合檢定來鑑別。在其他實施例中,可藉由使脂質體與早先論述之免疫治療抗體中之一者偶合來使脂質體靶向癌症。另外,該載體可與核靶向肽偶合,此將使載體導向宿主細胞之核。
在一實施例中,媒劑為適合於植入或投與至哺乳動物受體之生物相容性微粒或植入物。根據此方法適用之例示性
生物可蝕性植入物被描述在標題為"Polymeric Gene Delivery System"之公開國際申請案WO 95/24929中。WO 95/24929描述一種生物相容性、較佳生物可降解性聚合基質,其含有處於適當啟動子控制下之外源性基因。該聚合基質可用於達成治療劑在個體體內之持續釋放。
聚合基質較佳呈微粒之形式,諸如微球體(其中核酸及/或其他治療劑分散於整個固體聚合基質中)或微膠囊(其中核酸及/或其他治療劑儲存於聚合外殼之核心中)。用於容納治療劑之聚合基質之其他形式包括膜、包衣、凝膠、植入物及血管支架。選擇聚合基質裝置之尺寸及組成以導致引入基質之組織中之有利釋放動力學。根據待使用之傳遞方法(通常為注入組織中或藉由氣溶膠將懸浮液投與至鼻及/或肺部區域),進一步對聚合基質之尺寸進行選擇。較佳地,當使用氣溶膠途徑時,使聚合基質及核酸及/或其他治療劑包圍於界面活性劑媒劑中。可對聚合基質組成進行選擇以具有有利降解速率,而且使其由生物黏附性材料形成,以便當將基質投與至已受傷之鼻及/或肺表面時進一步增加轉移之有效性。亦可選擇不發生降解,而是藉由經延長時間擴散來釋放的基質組成。在一些較佳實施例中,經由植入物將核酸投與至個體,同時短暫投與其他治療劑。適合於傳遞(諸如口服或黏膜傳遞)之生物相容性微球體被揭示於Chickering等人,(1996)Biotech Bioeng
52:96-101及Mathiowitz,E.等人,(1997)Nature
386:410-414及PCT專利申請案WO 97/03702中。
非生物可降解及生物可降解聚合基質皆可用於將核酸及/或其他治療劑傳遞至個體。生物可降解基質為較佳。該等聚合物可為天然或合成聚合物。基於所要釋放所歷經之時間來選擇聚合物,該時間通常為約數小時至一年或更長。通常,歷經範圍在數小時與三個月至十二個月之間的時間之釋放最合乎需要,尤其對於核酸藥劑而言。聚合物視情況呈可占達其於水中之重量之約90%的水凝膠形式,且此外,其視情況與多價離子或其他聚合物交聯。
備受關注之生物黏附性聚合物包括由H.S.Sawhney、C.P.Pathak及J.A.Hubell之Macromolecules
,(1993)26:581-587描述之生物可蝕性水凝膠,該文獻之教示內容併入本文中。此等聚合物包括聚玻糖醛酸、酪蛋白、明膠、明膠蛋白、聚酸酐、聚丙烯酸、海藻酸鹽、聚葡萄胺糖、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸異丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸己酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸異癸酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸苯酯)、聚(丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(丙烯酸異丙酯)、聚(丙烯酸酸異丁酯)及聚(丙烯酸十八烷酯)。
術語Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸之有效量係指實現所要生物效應所必需或足以實現所要生物效應之量。舉例而言,與抗原一起投與以誘導黏膜免疫性之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸之有效量係在暴露於抗原後響應於抗原引起IgA發展所必需之量,而誘導全身性免疫性所需之量係在暴露於抗原後響應於抗原引起IgG發展所必需之量。結合本文提供
之教示,藉由在各種活性化合物與諸如效力、相對生物可用性、患者體重、不利副作用之嚴重性及較佳投藥方式之加權係數之間進行選擇,可設計不會引起實質毒性且又可完全有效地治療特定個體之有效預防性或治療性治療方案。任何特定應用之有效量可視諸如所治療之疾病或病狀、所投與之特定Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸、個體體型或疾病或病狀之嚴重性的因素而不同。一般熟習此項技術者可根據經驗確定特定Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸及/或抗原及/或其他治療劑之有效量而無需不當實驗。
用於黏膜或局部傳遞之本文所述之化合物的個體劑量通常在每次投藥約0.1 μg至10 mg之範圍內,其視應用而定可以每日、每週或每月及其間任何其他時間量來給與。更通常,黏膜或局部劑量在每次投藥約10 μg至5 mg之範圍內,且最通常為約100 μg至1 mg,其中2-4次投藥間隔數天或數週。更通常,就每日或每週投藥而言,免疫刺激劑劑量在每次投藥1 μg至10 mg之範圍內,且最通常為10 μg至1 mg。出於誘導抗原特異性免疫反應之目的而非經腸傳遞的本文所述之化合物的個體劑量(其中將化合物與抗原而非另一治療劑一起傳遞)通常比疫苗佐劑或免疫刺激劑應用之有效黏膜劑量高5至10,000倍,且更通常高10至1,000倍,且最通常高20至100倍。出於誘導先天性免疫反應或為增加ADCC或為誘導抗原特異性免疫反應之目的而非經腸傳遞的本文所述之化合物的劑量(在將Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸與其他治療劑組合投與或於專用傳遞媒劑中投
與時)通常在每次投藥約0.1 μg至10 mg之範圍內,其視應用而定可以每日、每週或每月及其間任何其他時間量來給與。更通常,用於此等目的之非經腸劑量在每次投藥約10 μg至5 mg之範圍內,且最通常為約100 μg至1 mg,其中2-4次投藥間隔數天或數週。然而,在一些實施例中,用於此等目的之非經腸劑量可在比上述典型劑量高5至10,000倍之範圍內使用。
對於本文所述之任何化合物而言,治療有效量最初可根據動物模型確定。治療有效劑量亦可根據關於已於人類中進行測試(已開始人類臨床試驗)之Py-Pu寡核苷酸及已知展現類似藥理學活性之化合物(諸如用於疫苗接種目的之其他佐劑,例如LT及其他抗原)的人類資料來確定。非經腸投藥可能需要較高劑量。所用劑量可基於所投與之化合物之相對生物可用性及效力來調整。基於上述方法及此項技術中熟知之其他方法調整劑量以達成最大功效完全在一般熟習技術者之能力範圍內。
可對Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸進行調配。本發明之調配物係以醫藥學上可接受之溶液形式投與,該等溶液通常可含有醫藥學上可接受之濃度之鹽、緩衝劑、防腐劑、相容性載劑、佐劑及視情況之其他治療劑成份。
對於用於治療而言,可藉由將寡核苷酸傳遞至所要表面之任何方式(例如,經黏膜、全身)將有效量之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸投與至個體。投與本發明之醫藥組合物可藉由熟習技術者已知之任何方式來完成。投藥途徑包括(但不
限於)口服、非經腸、肌肉內、靜脈內、經皮下、經黏膜、經鼻內、經舌下、氣管內、吸入、經眼部、經陰道、經皮膚、經直腸途徑及直接注射途徑。
對於口服投藥而言,化合物(亦即,Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸、抗原及其他治療劑)可容易地藉由將活性化合物與此項技術中熟知之醫藥學上可接受之載劑組合來調配。該等載劑使得本發明之化合物能夠被調配為錠劑、藥丸、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、液體、凝膠、糖漿、漿料、懸浮液及其類似物,以便於為所治療之個體口服攝取。用於口服用途之醫藥製劑可以固體賦形劑形式獲得,視情況研磨所得混合物,且需要時在添加合適之助劑後加工顆粒之混合物,以獲得錠劑或糖衣藥丸核心。合適之賦形劑尤其為填充劑,諸如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇;纖維素製劑,諸如玉米澱粉、小麥澱粉、米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、明膠、黃蓍膠、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基-纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉及/或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)。需要時,可添加崩解劑,諸如交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、瓊脂或海藻酸或其鹽,諸如海藻酸鈉。視情況,口服調配物亦可調配於生理食鹽水或緩衝劑(亦即,EDTA)中以中和內部酸性條件,或可在無任何載劑之情況下投與。
亦明確涵蓋上述寡核苷酸之口服劑型。寡核苷酸可經化學修飾以便使口服傳遞有效進行。通常,所涵蓋之化學修飾為將至少一個部分連接於寡核苷酸自身,其中該部分允許(a)抑制蛋白水解;及(b)自胃或腸攝取至血流中。亦希
望寡核苷酸之總穩定性增加及在身體內之循環時間增加。該等部分之實例包括:聚乙二醇、乙二醇與丙二醇之共聚物、羧甲基纖維素、葡聚糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮及聚脯胺酸。Abuchowski及Davis,1981,"Soluble Polymer-Enzyme Adducts"In:Enzymes as Drugs
,Hocenberg and Roberts,編,Wiley-Interscience,New York,NY,第367-383頁;Newmark等人,1982,J.Appl.Biochem.4:185-189。可使用之其他聚合物為聚-1,3-二氧戊環及聚-1,3,6-tioxocane。如上文所指出,對於醫藥用途而言,聚乙二醇部分為較佳。
對於寡核苷酸而言,釋放位置可為胃、小腸(十二指腸、空腸或回腸)或大腸。熟習此項技術者使得可利用之調配物將不溶解於胃中,而使物質釋放於十二指腸或腸之別處。較佳地,該釋放將藉由保護寡核苷酸或藉由在胃環境以外(諸如在腸中)釋放生物學活性物質來避免胃環境之有害作用。
為確保充分的抗胃液性,包衣對於至少pH 5.0而言不可透過為必需的。用作腸溶衣之較為常見的惰性成份之實例為偏苯三酸乙酸纖維素(CAT)、鄰苯二甲酸羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMCP)、HPMCP 50、HPMCP 55、聚鄰苯二甲酸乙酸乙烯酯(PVAP)、Eudragit L30D、Aquateric、鄰苯二甲酸乙酸纖維素(CAP)、Eudragit L、Eudragit S及蟲膠。此等包衣可以混合膜之形式使用。
包衣或包衣混合物亦可用於錠劑上,此不欲針對胃提供
保護作用。此可包括糖衣或使得錠劑較易吞咽之包衣。膠囊可由硬殼(諸如明膠)組成以傳遞無水治療劑(亦即粉末);對於液體形式而言,可使用軟明膠殼。扁囊劑之殼材料可為厚澱粉或其他可食用之紙。對於藥丸、口含劑、模製錠劑或研製錠劑而言,可使用潮濕塊化技術。
治療劑可作為精細多微粒、以約1 mm粒度之顆粒或小球之形式包括在調配物中。用於膠囊投藥之物質之調配物亦可呈粉末、稍微壓縮之栓塞或甚至呈錠劑。治療劑可藉由壓縮來製備。
著色劑及調味劑均可包括在內。舉例而言,可對寡核苷酸進行調配(諸如藉由脂質體或微球體囊封)且接著進一步使其含於含有著色劑及調味劑之可食用產品(諸如冷藏飲料)中。
吾人可用惰性物質稀釋治療劑或增加治療劑之體積。此等稀釋劑可包括碳水化合物,尤其甘露糖醇、a-乳糖、無水乳糖、纖維素、蔗糖、經修飾之葡聚糖及澱粉。某些無機鹽亦可用作填充劑,包括三磷酸鈣、碳酸鎂及氯化鈉。一些市售稀釋劑為Fast-Flo、Emdex、STA-Rx 1500、Emcompress及Avicell。
崩解劑可包括在成為固體劑型之治療劑之調配物中。用作崩解劑之物質包括(但不限於)澱粉,包括基於澱粉之商業崩解劑,Explotab。羥基乙酸澱粉鈉、安伯來特(Amberlite)、羧甲基纖維素鈉、超直鏈澱粉(ultramylopectin)、海藻酸鈉、明膠、橙皮、酸羧甲基纖
維素、天然海綿及皂土均可使用。另一種形式之崩解劑為不可溶陽離子性交換樹脂。粉狀膠可用作崩解劑及黏合劑且此等者可包括諸如瓊脂、刺梧桐膠(Karaya)或黃蓍膠之粉狀膠。海藻酸及其鈉鹽亦適用作崩解劑。
黏合劑可用於將治療劑固定在一起以形成硬錠劑且包括來自天然產物之物質,諸如阿拉伯膠、黃蓍膠、澱粉及明膠。其他黏合劑包括甲基纖維素(MC)、乙基纖維素(EC)及羧甲基纖維素(CMC)。聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)及羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)皆可於醇性溶液中用於使治療劑粒化。
抗摩擦劑可包括在治療劑之調配物中以防止在調配過程期間的黏著。潤滑劑可用作治療劑與模壁之間的層,且此等物質可包括(但不限於):硬脂酸,包括其鎂鹽及鈣鹽;聚四氟乙烯(PTFE);液體石蠟;植物油;及蠟。亦可使用可溶性潤滑劑,諸如月桂基硫酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鎂、各種分子量之聚乙二醇、碳蠟4000及6000。
可添加能改善藥物在調配期間之流動特性且有助於在壓縮期間之重排的助流劑。該等助流劑可包括澱粉、滑石粉、熱解矽石及水合矽鋁酸鹽。
為有助於治療劑溶解於水性環境中,可添加界面活性劑作為濕潤劑。界面活性劑可包括陰離子性清潔劑,諸如月桂基硫酸鈉、磺基丁二酸鈉二辛酯及磺酸鈉二辛酯。可使用陽離子性清潔劑且其可包括氯化苯甲烴銨或苄索氯銨。可包括在調配物中作為界面活性劑之可能的非離子性清潔劑之列為聚桂醇(lauromacrogol)400、聚烴氧40硬脂酸酯、
聚氧乙烯氫化蓖麻油10、50及60、單硬脂酸甘油酯、聚山梨酸酯40、60、65及80、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甲基纖維素及羧甲基纖維素。此等界面活性劑可單獨地或以不同比率之混合物存在於寡核苷酸之調配物中。
可經口使用之醫藥製劑包括由明膠製成之壓入式(push-fit)膠囊,以及由明膠及增塑劑(諸如丙三醇或山梨糖醇)製成之軟密封膠囊。該等壓入式膠囊可含有活性成份與諸如乳糖之填充劑、諸如澱粉之黏合劑及/或諸如滑石粉或硬脂酸鎂之潤滑劑及(視情況)穩定劑之混雜物。在軟膠囊中,活性化合物可溶解或懸浮於合適之液體中,諸如脂肪油類、液體石蠟或液體聚乙二醇。另外,可添加穩定劑。亦可使用經調配用於口服投藥之微球體。該等微球體已在此項技術中明確定義。所有用於口服投藥之調配物應為適合於該投藥之劑量。
對於頰投藥而言,組合物可呈現以習知方式調配之錠劑或口含劑之形式。
對於藉由吸入投藥而言,根據本發明使用之化合物可方便地以來自加壓包裝或噴霧器之氣溶膠噴霧呈現形式,借助於合適之推進劑(例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其他合適之氣體)來傳遞。在加壓氣溶膠之情況下,劑量單位可藉由提供閥門來傳遞計量之量而確定。用於吸入器或吹入器之膠囊及濾筒(例如明膠)可經調配而含有化合物與合適之粉末狀基質(諸如乳糖或澱粉)之粉末狀混合物。
本文亦涵蓋寡核苷酸之肺部傳遞。寡核苷酸在吸入時傳遞至哺乳動物之肺且橫穿肺上皮內襯進入至血流中。吸入分子之其他報導包括Adjei等人,1990,Pharmaceutical Research,7:565-569;Adjei等人,1990,International Journal of Pharmaceutics,63:135-144(亮丙立德乙酸鹽);Braquet等人,1989,Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology,13(增刊5):143-146(內皮素(endothelin)-1);Hubbard等人,1989,Annals of Internal Medicine,第III
卷,第206-212頁(a1-抗胰蛋白酶);Smith等人,1989,J.Clin.Invest.84:1145-1146(a-1-蛋白酶);Oswein等人,1990,"Aerosolization of Proteins,"Proceedings of Symposium on Respiratory Drug Delivery II,Keystone,Colorado,March(重組人類生長激素);Debs等人,1988,J.Immunol.140:3482-3488(干擾素-g及腫瘤壞死因子α)及Platz等人,美國專利第5,284,656號(顆粒球群落刺激因子)。用於肺部傳遞藥物以達成全身性效應的方法及組合物係描述於1995年9月19日頒布之Wong等人之美國專利第5,451,569號中。
在本發明之實施中涵蓋使用經設計用於治療性產品之肺傳遞的各種機械裝置,包括(但不限於)噴霧器、定劑量吸入器及粉末吸入器,所有該等均為熟習此項技術者所熟悉。
適合於實施本發明之市售裝置之一些特定實例為由Mallinckrodt,Inc.,St.Louis,Missouri製造之Ultravent噴霧器;由Marquest Medical Products,Englewood,Colorado製
造之Acorn II噴霧器;由Glaxo Inc.,Research Triangle Park,North Carolina製造之Ventolin定劑量吸入器;及由Fisons Corp.,Bedford,Massachusetts製造之Spinhaler粉末吸入器。
所有該等裝置需要使用適合於分配寡核苷酸之調配物。通常,各調配物對於所用裝置之類型而言為特定的且可涉及使用除適用於療法之常用稀釋劑、佐劑及/或載劑外的適當推進劑物質。亦涵蓋使用脂質體、微膠囊或微球體、包合錯合物或其他類型之載劑。經化學修飾之寡核苷酸亦可製備於不同調配物中,此視化學修飾之類型或所用裝置之類型而定。
適合於與噴霧器(噴射式或超音波式)一起使用之調配物通常將包含以每毫升溶液約0.1至25 mg生物學活性寡核苷酸之濃度溶解於水中之寡核苷酸。調配物亦可包括緩衝劑及單糖(例如,用於寡核苷酸穩定化及調節滲透壓)。噴霧器調配物亦可含有界面活性劑,以減少或防止由溶液在形成氣溶膠時之霧化引起之寡核苷酸的表面誘導聚集。
適於與定劑量吸入器裝置一起使用之調配物通常將包含含有借助於界面活性劑而懸浮於推進劑中之寡核苷酸的細粉狀粉末。該推進劑可為用於此目的之任何習知物質,諸如氯氟碳化物、氫氯氟碳化物、氫氟碳化合物或烴,包括三氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙醇及1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或其組合。合適之界面活性劑包括脫水山梨糖醇三油酸酯及大豆卵磷脂。油酸亦可適用作界面活性劑。
適於自粉末吸入器裝置分配之調配物將包含含有寡核苷酸之細粉狀乾粉且亦可包括膨化劑,諸如乳糖、山梨糖醇、蔗糖或甘露糖醇,其之量為有助於粉末自裝置分散的量,例如50重量%至90重量%之調配物。寡核苷酸最有利地應以平均粒度小於10 mm(或微米)、最佳為0.5至5 mm之微粒形式製備,以便可最有效地傳遞至遠端肺。
亦涵蓋本發明之醫藥組合物之鼻傳遞。鼻傳遞允許在將治療性產品投與至鼻後使本發明之醫藥組合物直接傳至血流,而無需使產品沈積於肺中。用於鼻傳遞之調配物包括具有葡聚糖或環葡聚糖(cyclodextran)之彼等者。
對於鼻投藥而言,適用裝置為連接定劑量噴霧器之小的硬質瓶子。在一實施例中,藉由將本發明之醫藥組合物溶液吸入確定體積之腔室中來傳遞該定劑量,該腔室具有經定尺寸而可藉由在壓縮腔室中之液體時形成噴霧來使氣溶膠調配物霧化之孔。壓縮腔室以投與本發明之醫藥組合物。在一特定實施例中,腔室為活塞配置。該等裝置為市售的。
或者,使用具有經尺寸化而可藉由在壓擠時形成噴霧來使氣溶膠調配物霧化之孔或開口的塑膠壓擠瓶。該開口通常見於瓶子之頂部,且該頂部通常成錐形以部分配合鼻孔以有效投與氣溶膠調配物。較佳地,鼻用吸入器將提供計量之量之氣溶膠調配物,以投與所量測劑量之藥物。
當需要全身傳遞化合物時,可對其進行調配以便藉由注射來非經腸投藥,例如藉由快速注射或連續輸注。用於注
射之調配物可以添加防腐劑之單位劑型提供,例如於安瓿中或於多劑量容器中。組合物可呈現諸如於油性或水性媒劑中之懸浮液、溶液或乳液的形式,且可含有調配劑,諸如懸浮劑、穩定劑及/或分散劑。
用於非經腸投藥之醫藥調配物包括呈水溶性形式之活性化合物之水溶液。另外,活性化合物之懸浮液可以適當的油性注射懸浮液形式製備。合適之親脂性溶劑或媒劑包括脂肪油類,諸如芝麻油,或合成脂肪酸酯,諸如油酸乙酯或三甘油酯,或脂質體。水性注射懸浮液可含有增加懸浮液之黏度之物質,諸如羧甲基纖維素鈉、山梨糖醇或葡聚糖。視情況,懸浮液亦可含有合適之穩定劑或增加化合物之溶解度之藥劑以允許製備高度濃縮的溶液。
或者,活性化合物可呈粉末形式以在使用之前用合適之媒劑(例如無菌無熱原質水)復水。
化合物亦可調配於直腸或陰道組合物中,諸如栓劑或保留灌腸劑,例如含有習知栓劑基質,諸如可可脂或其他甘油酯。
除先前所述之調配物外,化合物亦可被調配為儲槽式製劑。該等長效調配物可用合適之聚合或疏水性物質(例如,於可接受之油中之乳液)或離子交換樹脂調配,或調配為微溶性衍生物,例如微溶性鹽。
醫藥組合物亦可包含合適之固體或膠體相載劑或賦形劑。該等載劑或賦形劑之實例包括(但不限於)碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣、各種糖、澱粉、纖維素衍生物、明膠及諸如聚乙二
醇之聚合物。
合適之液體或固體醫藥製劑形式為(例如)用於吸入之水性溶液或生理食鹽水溶液形式、微囊封形式、螺封(encochleated)形式、塗於微觀金粒子上之形式、含於脂質體中之形式、霧化形式、氣溶膠形式、用於植入皮膚中之小球形式或於待刮入皮膚中之尖銳物體上之乾燥形式。醫藥組合物亦包括顆粒、散劑、錠劑、包衣錠劑、(微)膠囊、栓劑、糖漿、乳液、懸浮液、乳膏、滴劑或延長釋放活性化合物之製劑,在其製備中如上文所述,通常使用賦形劑及添加劑及/或助劑,諸如崩解劑、黏合劑、塗覆劑、膨脹劑、潤滑劑、調味劑、甜味劑或增溶劑。醫藥組合物適合用於各種藥物傳遞系統。對於藥物傳遞方法之簡評而言,參見Langer,Science
249:1527-1533,1990,其以引用的方式併入本文中。
Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸及(視情況)其他治療劑及/或抗原可以本來形式(純形式)投與或以醫藥學上可接受之鹽的形式投與。當用於藥品時,該等鹽應為醫藥學上可接受的,但非醫藥學上可接受之鹽可方便地用於製備其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。該等鹽包括(但不限於)由下列酸製備之彼等者:鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、順丁烯二酸、乙酸、水楊酸、對甲苯磺酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、甲烷磺酸、甲酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、萘-2-磺酸及苯磺酸。又,該等鹽可被製備為鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽,諸如羧酸族群之鈉鹽、鉀鹽或鈣鹽。
合適之緩衝劑包括:乙酸及鹽(1-2% w/v);檸檬酸及鹽(1-3% w/v);硼酸及鹽(0.5-2.5% w/v);及磷酸及鹽(0.8-2% w/v)。合適之防腐劑包括氯化苯甲烴銨(0.003-0.03% w/v);氯丁醇(0.3-0.9% w/v);對羥基苯甲酸酯(0.01-0.25% w/v)及硫柳汞(0.004-0.02% w/v)。
本發明之醫藥組合物含有視情況包括於醫藥學上可接受之載劑中的有效量之Py-Pu免疫刺激寡核苷酸及視情況之抗原及/或其他治療劑。術語醫藥學上可接受之載劑意謂一或多種適合於投與人類或其他脊椎動物之相容性固體或液體填充劑、稀釋劑或囊封物質。術語載劑指示天然或合成之有機或無機成份,將活性成份與其組合以有助於應用。醫藥組合物之組份亦能夠與本發明之化合物混合,且以不產生會實質上削弱所要醫藥功效之相互作用的方式互相混合。
本發明進一步藉由下列實例來進行說明,但決不應將該等實例理解為對本發明之進一步限制。整個本申請案中所引用之所有參考資料(包括參考文獻、頒布之專利、公開之專利申請案及同在申請中之專利申請案)的全部內容均以引用的方式明確地併入本文中。
寡脫氧核苷酸(ODN)及試劑
按照快速去保護亞磷醯胺化學方案合成所有ODN且藉由Coley Pharmaceutical GmbH控制其同一性及純度,並藉由
鱟(Limulus)檢定(Biowhittaker,Verviers,Belgium)所量測,其具有偵測不到之內毒素含量(<0.1 EU/ml)。使ODN懸浮於無菌、無內毒素之Tris-EDTA(Sigma,Deisenhofen,Germany)中,且於無菌條件下加以儲存及處理以防止微生物及內毒素污染。使用無內毒素之Tris-EDTA進行所有稀釋。
TLR9檢定
藉由電穿孔用表現人類TLR9及6xNF-B-螢光素酶報導質體之載體來轉染HEK 293細胞。於37℃下將穩定轉染物(3×104
個細胞/孔)與指定量之ODN一起於濕潤恆溫箱中培養16 h。各資料點一式三份。使細胞溶解且檢定其螢光素酶基因活性(使用來自Perkin-Elmer,Zaventem,Belgium之BriteLite套組)。根據未添加ODN之培養基之報導基因活性來計算刺激指數。
細胞純化
來自健康人類供體之周邊血液白血球層製劑係由杜塞爾多夫大學(the University of Dsseldorf)(德國)之血庫獲得且藉由經由Ficoll-Hypaque(Sigma)離心來純化PBMC。於37℃下在濕潤恆溫箱中將細胞培養於補充有5%(v/v)熱滅活人類AB血清(BioWhittaker)或10%(v/v)熱滅活FCS、2 mM L-麩胺醯胺、100 U/ml青黴素及100 μg/ml鏈黴素(所有均來自Sigma)之RPMI 1640培養基中。
細胞因子偵測
使PBMC以5×106
個細胞/毫升之濃度再懸浮且添加至96
孔圓底板中(250 μl/孔)。將PBMC與各種濃度之ODN、ORN或核苷一起培養且在指定時間點後收集培養上清液(SN)。若不立即使用,則將SN儲存於-20℃下直至有需要為止。對於抑制性實驗而言,用指定TLR配位體濃度刺激細胞且添加核苷或ORN。在一些實驗中,在開始細胞培養後1 h添加第二經修飾之ORN。使用利用市售抗體(PBL,New Brunswick,NJ,USA)開發之用於IFN-α之自製(in-house)ELISA評估SN中細胞因子之量。
已知含有未甲基化CpG基元之寡核苷酸能夠經由Toll樣受體9(TLR9)路徑刺激免疫反應。僅由半軟ODN取代之硫代磷酸酯(PS)寡核苷酸(ODN)顯示強免疫刺激活性,其中CpG處之核苷酸間鍵為磷酸二酯(PO)鍵。一般假定磷原子處之取代基必須具有類似電荷及尺寸以獲得可比活性。為更充分地研究此關係,將經人類TLR9轉染之HEK 293細胞與於CpG基元處包含PO(SEQ ID NO:7)、PS(SEQ ID NO:6)、P-Me(SEQ ID NO:12)及膦醯基乙酸酯(PA)(SEQ ID NO:8)主鏈修飾之ODN一起培養。SEQ ID NO:3為具有已知活性之B類ODN。藉由螢光素酶檢定,使用6xNF-B-螢光素酶報導質體量測TLR9活性。然而,PS與P-Me(膦酸甲酯)之比較顯示電荷對於TLR9活性之活化可能不起主要作用(圖1)。另外,磷原子處之取代基之尺寸自PO擴大至PS顯著地減少了TLR9活性之活化。因此,令人極其驚訝的
是,PA鍵(大於PO及P-Me)之引入導致申請者至今為止對於磷酸酯修飾所觀察到之最佳的TLR9活性(圖1)。表1展示所測試之ODN序列之概況。
為研究人類細胞中之PA修飾之效應,將人類PBMC自全血分離且與具有一致序列但PA修飾位點不同之B類ODN一起培養。ODN為未經修飾的(SEQ ID NO:33),於第一CpG基元處經修飾(SEQ ID NO:8),於第二CpG基元處經修飾(SEQ ID NO:9),或於第一及第二CpG基元處經修飾(SEQ ID NO:10)。在培養24小時後,藉由ELISA檢定量測IFN-α濃度。所有三種具有PA修飾之ODN誘導比未經修飾之ODN多的IFN-α。具有兩個PA修飾之SEQ ID NO:10與經單獨修飾之ODN相比似乎誘導稍多的IFN-α(圖2)。表2展示所測試之ODN序列之概況。
執行螢光素酶檢定以直接比較CpG基元中之各種主鏈修飾對TLR9活化之影響。在TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中測試於一個CpG基元處具有PS(SEQ ID NO:13)、PO(SEQ ID NO:14)或PA(SEQ ID NO:15)主鏈修飾、具有一致序列之ODN活化TLR9的能力。如圖3a中所示,具有PA修飾之ODN為比具有PS修飾之ODN強的TLR9促效劑,不過並非完全與具有PO修飾之ODN同樣強。
對為完全PS主鏈(SEQ ID NO:16)、於第一CpG基元處具有PA修飾(SEQ ID NO:17)或於第一及第二CpG基元處具有PA修飾(SEQ ID NO:18)之ODN執行類似螢光素酶檢定。如圖3b中所示,具有PA修飾之兩種ODN導致超過由PS ODN引起之TLR9活化增加的TLR9活化增加。於兩個CpG基元處具有修飾之ODN顯示最大程度之TLR9活化。
執行相同檢定以比較由完全硫代磷酸酯B類ODN(SEQ ID
NO:5)、於第一(大多數為5')CpG基元處具有一個PA修飾之半軟B類ODN(SEQ ID NO:9)、於第二CpG基元處具有一個PA修飾之ODN(SEQ ID NO:10)及兩個CpG基元皆經PA核苷酸間鍵修飾之ODN(SEQ ID NO:11)誘導的TLR9活性。如圖3c中所示,與SEQ ID NO:5相比,所有三種經PA修飾之ODN的刺激導致TLR9活化增加。表3概括所測試之ODN。
測試經膦醯基乙酸酯修飾之半軟C類ODN活化TLR9之能力。將具有一致序列但於CpG基元處具有不同主鏈修飾之TLR9轉染HEK 293與經修飾之C類ODN一起培養且藉由螢光素酶檢定量測所得TLR9活性。比較於不同位置處具有PA修飾之ODN(參見表4)。圖4顯示最強活性係來自於第一
(5')及第二CpG基元處具有PA或PO之ODN。
為進一步研究PA修飾對ODN活化TLR9之能力之影響,於B類及C類ODN之CpG基元處進行其他修飾且在TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中測試其刺激TLR9之能力。將B類ODN SEQ ID NO:1於第一CpG基元(SEQ ID NO:23)、第二CpG基元(SEQ ID NO:24)、第三基元(SEQ ID NO:25)或第四基元(SEQ ID NO:26)處以PA修飾。如圖5a中所示,第一CpG處之PA修飾使TLR9依賴性信號強度之效力及功效增加,且第二及第三CpG之PA修飾使效力增加。第四CpG處之PA修飾降低效力及功效。
接著測試具有一個以上經PA修飾之CpG基元的SEQ ID NO:1衍生物,其中第一及第二(SEQ ID NO:27)、第二及第四(SEQ ID NO:28)或第一、第二及第四(SEQ ID NO:29)CpG經修飾。如圖5b中所示,第一及第二CpG處之PA修飾使TLR9活化之效力及功效增加,而第二及第四或
第一、第二及第四處之PA修飾對效力及功效具有極小的影響。
亦測試於不同位置處具有PA修飾之C類ODN SEQ ID NO:33衍生物活化TLR9之能力。於第一CpG基元(SEQ ID NO:30)、第二CpG基元(SEQ ID NO:31)或第一及第二CpG基元(SEQ ID NO:32)處進行PA修飾。如圖5c中所示,第一或第一及第二CpG處之PA修飾使TLR9活化之效力及功效增加,而單獨第二CpG處之PA修飾並不影響效力及功效。表5展示所測試之ODN之概況。總之,此等資料表明至少於第一CpG基元處具有修飾之ODN導致最有效之TLR9活化。
應認為,上文所寫之說明書足以使熟習此項技術者能夠實施本發明。本發明並不受限於所提供之實例的範疇,此係因為該等實例意欲作為本發明之一態樣之單一說明且其他功能等同性實施例屬於本發明之範疇內。根據上文描述,除本文所述及所示之彼等者外的本發明之多種修改對於熟習此項技術者而言將變得顯而易見且屬於隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內。本發明之優點及目的並非必定為本發明之每一實施例所涵蓋。
圖1:人類TLR9。圖1為展示具有一致序列及磷酸二酯(PO)(SEQ ID NO:7,紅線)、硫代磷酸酯(PS)(SEQ ID NO:3,紅色虛線)、甲基膦酸酯(P-Me)(SEQ ID NO:12,黑線)或膦醯基乙酸酯(PA)(SEQ ID NO:8,黑色虛線)主鏈修飾之B類寡核苷酸(ODN)之比較的圖。該圖顯示,與其他主鏈修飾相比,具有PA修飾之ODN在TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中於較低ODN濃度下在較大程度上誘導人類TLR9活性,此如藉由螢光素酶檢定所量測。y軸為刺激指數且x軸為ODN濃度(μM)之對數。
圖2:人類PBMC中之IFN-α。圖2為展示在用PA ODN刺激後人類PBMC中之干擾素α(IFN-α)誘導的圖。將在CpG基元中具有一個(SEQ ID NO:9-10)或兩個(SEQ ID NO:11)PA修飾之半軟ODN之IFN-α產生與相同序列(SEQ ID NO:2)之半軟ODN比較,此如藉由ELISA檢定所量測。y軸為IFN-α
濃度(pg/ml)且x軸為寡核苷酸濃度(μM)。
圖3為展示在用B類ODN刺激後TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中之TLR9刺激作用的三個圖,此如藉由螢光素酶檢定所量測。圖3a:M283,hTLR9。圖3a展示在主鏈中具有包含PS(SEQ ID NO:13)、PO(SEQ ID NO:14)或PA(SEQ ID NO:15)修飾之單一CpG基元的相同序列之ODN之TLR9刺激作用的比較。圖3b:M283,hTLR9。圖3b展示包含兩個CpG基元之相同序列之三個ODN的比較,其中該等CpG基元中之各者包含PS或PA主鏈。將在CpG基元中具有一個(SEQ ID NO:17)或兩個(SEQ ID NO:18)PA修飾之ODN與相同序列(SEQ ID NO:16)之PS寡核苷酸的刺激作用比較。圖3c:M179,hTLR9。圖3c展示包含多個CpG基元之具有相同序列之ODN的TLR9刺激作用。將在CpG基元中具有一個(SEQ ID NO:9-10)或兩個(SEQ ID NO:11)PA修飾之半軟ODN與相同序列(SEQ ID NO:5)之PS寡核苷酸的刺激作用比較。y軸為相對刺激指數且x軸為ODN濃度(μM)之對數。
圖4:M305,hTLR9。圖4為展示在用具有一致序列但於CpG基元處具有不同主鏈修飾之半軟C類ODN刺激後TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中之TLR9刺激作用的圖,此如藉由螢光素酶檢定所量測(SEQ ID NO:19-22,參見表4)。y軸為刺激指數且x軸為ODN濃度(μM)之對數。
圖5為展示在用包含多個CpG基元之ODN刺激後TLR9轉染HEK 293細胞中之TLR9刺激作用的三個圖。圖5a:人類TLR9。圖5a比較四個B類ODN(SEQ ID NO:23-26,參見表
5)刺激TLR9之能力,其中在四個CpG基元中PA修飾呈不同組合形式。亦測試完全PS B類ODN(SEQ ID NO:1)及C類ODN(SEQ ID NO:4)。圖5b:人類TLR9。圖5b比較三個B類ODN(SEQ ID NO 27-29,參見表5)刺激TLR9之能力,其中在三個CpG基元中PA修飾呈不同組合形式。亦測試完全PS B類ODN(SEQ ID NO:1)及C類ODN(SEQ ID NO:4)。圖5c:人類TLR9。圖5c展示三個C類ODN刺激TLR9之能力的比較,其中PA修飾在兩個CpG基元中之任一者(SEQ ID NO:30-31)或兩個(SEQ ID NO:32)CpG基元中。亦測試相同序列之完全PS C類ODN(SEQ ID NO:33)。y軸為相對刺激指數且x軸為ODN濃度(μM)之對數。
<110> 德商庫利藥品公司<120> 具有增強之免疫刺激活性之經磷酸鹽修飾之寡核苷酸類似物<130> PC 31820 <140> 097118312 <141> 2008-05-16 <150> 60/930,764 <151> 2007-05-18 <160> 33 <170> Patentln version 3.4 <210> 1 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 1<210> 2 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_featufe <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(9) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (10)..(11) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(14) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (15)..(17) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3)
<223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (9)..(10) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (11)..(12) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (14)..(15) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 2<210> 3 <211> 24 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(13) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (14)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (22)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(14) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220>
<221> misc_feature <222> (21)..(22) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 3<210> 4 <211> 24 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5); <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(12) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(18) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (19)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_fcature <222> (18)..(19) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 4<210> 5 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PS <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(17) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 5<210> 6 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PS <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 6<210> 7 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PO <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(4) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (4)..(5) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 7<210> 8 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(4) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (4)..(5) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 8<210> 9 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列
<220> <223> B類PA 1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(9) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (10)..(11) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(14) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (15)..(17) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (9)..(10) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (11)..(12) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (14)..(15) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 9<210> 10 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA 2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵
<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(9) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (10)..(11) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(14) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (15)..(17) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (9)..(10) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (11)..(12) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (14)..(15) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 10<210> 11 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA 1&2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5)
<223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(9) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (10)..(11) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(14) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (15)..(17) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (9)..(10) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (11)..(12) <223> 磷酸二體核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (14)..(15) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 11<210> 12 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類P-Me <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(4) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (4)..(5) <223> 甲基膦酸酯核苷酸鍵<400> 12<210> 13 <211> 20 <2212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PS <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 13<210> 14 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PO <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 14<210> 15 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 15<210> 16
<211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PS <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 16<210> 17 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 17<210> 18 <211> 20 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類PA x 2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(20) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵
<400> 18<210> 19 <211> 25 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(12) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(18) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (19)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (18)..(19) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (25)..(25) <223> n為丁酸酯<400> 19<210> 20 <211> 25 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220>
<221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(12) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(18) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (19)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (18)..(19) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (25)..(25) <223> n為丁酸酯<400> 20<210> 21 <211> 25 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(12) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(18) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間變<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (19)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵
<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feaiure <222> (18)..(19) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (25)..(25) <223> n為丁酸酯<400> 21<210> 22 <211> 25 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(11) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(18) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (19)..(24) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (11)..(12) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature
<222> (18)..(19) <223> 磷酸二酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (25)..(25) <223> n為丁酸酯<400> 22<210> 23 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 23<210> 24 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 24<210> 25 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220>
<221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(12) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (13)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (12)..(13) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 25<210> 26 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(16) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (17)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (16)..(17) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 26<210> 27 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature
<222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 27<210> 28 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(16) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (17)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (16)..(17) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 28<210> 29 <211> 21 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> B類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(16) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (17)..(21) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3)
<223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (16)..(17) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<400> 29<210> 30 <211> 22 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(22) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (22)..(22) <223> n為3'-O-甲基-G<400> 30<210> 31 <211> 22 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(22) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (22)..(22) <223> n為3'-O-甲基-G
<400> 31<210> 32 <211> 22 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(2) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3)..(5) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6)..(22) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2)..(3); <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (5)..(6) <223> 磷醯基乙酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (22)..(22) <223> n為3'-O-甲基-G<400> 32<210> 33 <211> 22 <212> DNA <213> 人造序列<220> <223> C類<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1)..(22) <223> 硫代磷酸酯核苷酸間鍵<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (22)..(22) <223> n為3'-O-甲基-G<400> 33
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (16)
- 一種免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其具有至少一個未甲基化之根據式I之經磷酸鹽修飾之CpG二核苷酸,
其中:R為氫(H)、C1 -C4 烷基、甲氧基乙基、特戊醯基氧基甲基、特戊醯基氧基苄基或S-特戊醯基硫乙基或其生理學耐受性鹽;X為氧(O)或硫(S);Py為未甲基化之胞嘧啶,Pu為未甲基化之鳥嘌呤;且Y及Z係獨立為氧(O)或硫(S),及R1 及R2 獨立為H或C1 -C4 烷基,且因此一起形成膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵;另其中該寡核苷酸長度為7至100個核苷酸且包括嵌合主鏈,其中該膦醯基乙酸酯(phosphonoacetate)或膦醯基乙酸酯樣核苷酸間鍵限制於該至少一個CpG二核苷酸;且其中免疫刺激寡核苷酸為TLR9配位體。 - 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其進一步包含至少一種第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該第二嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有硫代磷酸酯鍵、磷酸二酯鍵或硫代磷酸酯鍵,且進一步包含至少一種第三嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸,其中該 第三嘧啶-嘌呤二核苷酸具有磷酸二酯鍵。
- 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中該免疫刺激寡核苷酸之至少一個核苷酸具有一個選自基本上由下列組成之群的經修飾之糖殘基:2'-氟-2'-脫氧核糖、2'-胺基-2'脫氧核糖、2'-O-烷基-核糖、2'-O-甲基-核糖、2'-胺基-2'-脫氧核糖、2'-O-4'-C-伸烷基核糖或3'-O-烷基-核糖。
- 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中該免疫刺激寡核苷酸含有至少一個選自由2'-5'、5'-5'、3'-3'、2'-2'或2'-3'鍵組成之群的核苷酸間鍵。
- 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其進一步包含抗原、抗細菌劑、抗癌劑、抗病毒劑、哮喘或過敏藥物或自體免疫疾病藥物。
- 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中該寡核苷酸長度為17至24個核苷酸。
- 如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中該膦醯基乙酸酯位於該序列5'端起之第一、第二或第三個CpG二核苷酸。
- 一種包含如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸及醫藥載劑之組合物的用途,其係用於製造用以刺激個體免疫反應之藥物。
- 一種包含如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸及醫藥載劑之組合物的用途,其係用於製造用以治療需要該治療之個體之癌症的藥物。
- 一種包含如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸及醫藥載劑之 組合物的用途,其係用於製造用以治療需要該治療之個體之感染的藥物。
- 一種包含如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸及醫藥載劑之組合物的用途,其係用於製造用以治療需要該治療之個體之哮喘的藥物。
- 一種包含如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸及醫藥載劑之組合物的用途,其係用於製造用以治療需要該治療之個體之過敏症的藥物。
- 一種組合物,其包含:具有至少一個膦醯基乙酸酯或膦醯基乙酸酯樣鍵之如請求項1之免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其連接於至少一種治療劑。
- 如請求項13之組合物,其中該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸,且該第二寡核苷酸連接於該免疫刺激寡核苷酸以形成一個分枝結構。
- 如請求項13之組合物,其中該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸,且該第二寡核苷酸連接於該免疫刺激寡核苷酸以形成一個3'-3'鍵。
- 如請求項13之組合物,其中該治療劑為第二寡核苷酸,且該第二寡核苷酸及該免疫刺激寡核苷酸形成樹枝狀聚合物(dendrimers)。
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| CN101948835A (zh) * | 2002-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | 科勒制药集团股份有限公司 | Cpg寡核苷酸在治疗丙型肝炎病毒感染中的应用 |
| AU2013369261B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2018-08-09 | Cobiores Nv | Minimally toxic prodrugs |
| ES2725948T3 (es) | 2014-06-04 | 2019-09-30 | Exicure Inc | Suministro multivalente de inmunomoduladores mediante ácidos nucleicos esféricos liposomales para aplicaciones profilácticas o terapéuticas |
| CA2968531A1 (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Northwestern University | The sequence-specific cellular uptake of spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates |
| WO2018039629A2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Northwestern University | Micellar spherical nucleic acids from thermoresponsive, traceless templates |
| CA3058966A1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | Tollnine, Inc. | Immunomodulating polynucleotides, antibody conjugates thereof, and methods of their use |
| US12460208B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2025-11-04 | Parr Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Immunomodulatory polynucleotides and uses thereof |
| CN108728444A (zh) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 长春华普生物技术股份有限公司 | 免疫调节性多核苷酸及其应用 |
| WO2018209270A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Northwestern University | Adoptive cell therapy using spherical nucleic acids (snas) |
| CN115427458A (zh) | 2020-02-28 | 2022-12-02 | 塔拉克治疗公司 | 转谷氨酰胺酶介导的缀合 |
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2008
- 2008-05-15 CA CA2687535A patent/CA2687535C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-15 EP EP08750947.7A patent/EP2170353B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-15 ES ES08750947.7T patent/ES2544484T3/es active Active
- 2008-05-15 US US12/600,368 patent/US9200287B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-15 PL PL08750947T patent/PL2170353T3/pl unknown
- 2008-05-15 WO PCT/IB2008/001206 patent/WO2008142513A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-15 SI SI200831473T patent/SI2170353T1/sl unknown
- 2008-05-15 HU HUE08750947A patent/HUE025645T2/hu unknown
- 2008-05-15 HR HRP20150769TT patent/HRP20150769T1/hr unknown
- 2008-05-15 PT PT87509477T patent/PT2170353E/pt unknown
- 2008-05-15 DK DK08750947.7T patent/DK2170353T3/en active
- 2008-05-16 TW TW97118312A patent/TWI468166B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-16 AR ARP080102107A patent/AR066625A1/es unknown
- 2008-05-16 JP JP2008129789A patent/JP5755827B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
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| US20050266422A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2005-12-01 | Sirna Therapeutics, Inc. | Fluoroalkoxy, nucleosides, nucleotides, and polynucleotides |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUE025645T2 (hu) | 2016-04-28 |
| US9200287B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
| WO2008142513A3 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
| CA2687535C (en) | 2017-08-22 |
| PT2170353E (pt) | 2015-09-16 |
| AR066625A1 (es) | 2009-09-02 |
| DK2170353T3 (en) | 2015-07-27 |
| JP5755827B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
| PL2170353T3 (pl) | 2015-10-30 |
| JP2009028031A (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
| TW200900073A (en) | 2009-01-01 |
| US20100261779A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| ES2544484T3 (es) | 2015-08-31 |
| HRP20150769T1 (hr) | 2015-08-28 |
| EP2170353B1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| EP2170353A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| CY1116538T1 (el) | 2017-03-15 |
| CA2687535A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
| SI2170353T1 (sl) | 2015-09-30 |
| WO2008142513A2 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
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