TWI445537B - 治療子宮類纖維瘤之方法 - Google Patents
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- TWI445537B TWI445537B TW098103314A TW98103314A TWI445537B TW I445537 B TWI445537 B TW I445537B TW 098103314 A TW098103314 A TW 098103314A TW 98103314 A TW98103314 A TW 98103314A TW I445537 B TWI445537 B TW I445537B
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Description
本發明係關於治療子宮類纖維瘤(亦稱為平滑肌瘤)或自其衍生之腫瘤之方法。
平滑肌瘤係常見的骨盆類纖維瘤,在年齡超過30歲之婦女中有高達20%出現該等腫瘤。在育齡婦女中,平滑肌瘤是手術操作之最常見適應症之一。研究表明高達77%的婦女在絕經期具有微體或巨體子宮類纖維瘤(Cramer等人,1990)。平滑肌瘤之直徑可為1mm至20cm。
平滑肌瘤係具有豐富胞外膠原基質之子宮肌膜細胞之單株性激素應答腫瘤。組織學外觀類似於由壓縮子宮肌膜之假包膜包圍之正常子宮肌膜,但可能存在纖維化及鈣化區域(據認為此代表變性)。在絕經前婦女中,平滑肌瘤幾乎都是良性的,但其可能難以與平滑肌肉瘤(在絕經後婦女中最常見之腫瘤)區別開。
儘管該等腫瘤可能無症狀,但其(尤其在較大時)通常具有臨床表現,例如子宮過量出血、慢性骨盆痛或壓迫、或痛經。流產及不育亦與類纖維瘤有關(Somigliana等人,2007)。然而,似乎是類纖維瘤之位置而非其大小與該等後兩種臨床問題有關。平滑肌瘤之治療取決於腫瘤之症狀、位置及大小、及婦女之年齡。對於無症狀婦女,推薦採用保守治療,而對於具有過量出血之婦女,則推薦採用手術治療來治療其月經過多。由於高濃度雌二醇會引起腫
瘤生長,故其他方法包括姑息直至絕經,此時性腺類固醇濃度下降。在其他研究中,藉由GnRH激動劑誘發之具有低雌二醇及孕酮濃度之《藥物絕經》導致腫瘤迅速萎縮。然而,由於用GnRH激動劑進行藥物治療會引起熱潮紅及骨質疏鬆症(後者在投予超過6個月後出現),故推薦其使用時間最長只能6個月。選擇性孕酮受體調節劑米非司酮(mifepristone)亦可以劑量依賴性方式減小類纖維瘤大小(Murphy 1995,Zeng 1998)。
由於不存在安全且有效之長期藥物療法用於平滑肌瘤治療,故藉由子宮切除或子宮肌瘤切除來實施手術摘除仍係具有症狀婦女之首選療法且1997年在美國有300,000人進行子宮切除並有20,000人進行子宮肌瘤切除(Farquhar 2002)。1997年在美國,住院患者用於該等操作之年費用超過20億美元(AHRQ報告2001)。因此,此病況對公共健康及健康護理費用之影響非常顯著。
美國婦產科醫師學會(The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)(ACOG)已界定子宮切除對於不願意維持生育力之婦女而言係平滑肌瘤之適宜療法的症狀(ACOG Practice Bulletin 1994)。此等包括過量出血、骨盆不適或尿頻或子宮增大到大於12週妊娠時之大小因而對患者造成困擾。端視腹腔鏡檢查者之技術及類纖維瘤是否在黏膜下層且宮腔鏡是否可接近,可使用腹腔鏡或宮腔鏡子宮肌瘤切除作為剖腹手術或子宮切除之替代(ACOG Practice Bulletin 2000)。破壞子宮內膜之子宮內膜切除靶向子宮內
膜出血來源且其在出血來源為原發性症狀時可能有效。具有有限隨訪之諸多小型研究表明子宮動脈栓塞術可減少子宮血流量,且可減小平滑肌瘤及子宮之大小。然而,該操作可能較為疼痛並引起感染及出血,導致需要進行手術。因為會損害子宮及卵巢血液供給,故對於希望保持生育力之絕經前婦女而言,不推薦該操作。人們尚未對該操作之後之妊娠結果進行很好地研究。
臨床醫師樂意(例如)在絕經前或在手術前採用新穎藥物治療來減少類纖維瘤症狀。
本發明提供治療子宮類纖維瘤或自其衍生之腫瘤之方法,該方法包含向有需要之患者投予有效量之烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
在較佳實施例中,以包含烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物之錠劑投藥予患者。
令人感到十分驚奇的是,本發明者已指出低劑量(例如5-15mg,較佳10mg之日劑量)的烏普司他乙酸酯最為有效。
因此,吾人建議投予5-15mg,較佳10mg日劑量的烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
可在約2至約4個月期間向患者投予一口服劑量之烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物,該時間段可一年重複一次。
烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物對於減少或阻止患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者出血或減小子宮類纖維瘤之大小特別有
效。
在治療子宮類纖維瘤或自其衍生之腫瘤的同時,烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可用作避孕藥。
在具體實施例中,患者患有轉移平滑肌瘤(亦稱為轉移性或轉移平滑肌瘤病)。
本發明標的係治療轉移平滑肌瘤病之方法,該方法包含向有需要之患者投予有效量之17α-乙醯氧基-11β-[4-N,N-二甲胺基-苯基)-19-降孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮(烏普司他乙酸酯)或其代謝產物。
烏普司他乙酸酯(以前稱為CDB-2914)係17α-乙醯氧基-11β-[4-N,N-二甲胺基-苯基)-19-降孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮,以式I表示:
其係具有抗孕激素及抗糖皮質激素活性之習知類固醇(更具體而言為19-去甲基孕酮)。該化合物及其製備方法闡述於美國專利第4,954號、第490,5號、第073,548號及第5,929,262號、及國際專利申請案WO2004/065405及WO2004/078709中。該化合物之特性進一步闡述於Blithe
等人,2003文獻中。
CDB-2914之代謝產物包括彼等闡述於Attardi等人,2004文獻中者,例如單去甲基CDB-2914(CDB-3877);二去甲基CDB-2914(CDB-3963);17α-羥基CDB-2914(CDB-3236);CDB-2914之芳香A-環衍生物(CDB-4183)。
現在建議使用烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物來治療子宮類纖維瘤,更具體而言來減少或阻止患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者出血、減小子宮類纖維瘤之大小及/或減小子宮體積。
更具體而言,本發明者已指出在隨機的以安慰劑作為對照之雙盲平行試驗中,於3個月後烏普司他乙酸酯顯著減小類纖維瘤體積並阻止出血。
烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可緩解子宮類纖維瘤之症狀,包括出血、骨盆痛、壓迫。
烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可用於預防或治療患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者之貧血。
其亦可用於預防或治療平滑肌肉瘤及用於預防子宮類纖維瘤向其他器官擴散。
此外,本發明者亦已指出烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可在3個月後有效對抗轉移平滑肌瘤病中出現的骨盆及肺損傷。
更通常而言,本發明係關於治療衍生自平滑肌瘤之腫瘤之方法,該等腫瘤包括良性或癌性腫瘤,例如平滑肌肉瘤、平滑肌瘤病或轉移平滑肌瘤病。實際上在所有情況下,轉移平滑肌瘤病均來源於先前的子宮肌瘤。腫瘤似乎是經由血源播散而轉移至肺或其他子宮外組織。然而,腫瘤之起源仍有爭議。
烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可藉由任何習用途徑(包
括經口、含服、非經腸、經皮、陰道、子宮、直腸等)來投予。
關於藥物遞送之現行方法之綜述參見Langer,Science 249:1527-1533(1990),其以引用方式併入本文中。製備可投予化合物之方法為彼等熟習此項者所習知或明瞭且更詳細地闡述於(例如)Remington醫藥學,第17版,Mack出版公司,Easton,Pa.(1985)中,其以引用方式併入本文中,且下文稱為"Remington"。
就固體組合物而言,可使用習用無毒固體載劑,其包括(例如)醫藥級的甘露醇、乳糖、澱粉、硬脂酸鎂、糖精鈉、滑石粉、纖維素、葡萄糖、蔗糖、碳酸鎂及諸如此類。就經口投予而言,藉由納入任何通常所用賦形劑(例如彼等前文所列載劑)來形成醫藥上可接受之無毒組合物。
口服固體劑型較佳為壓縮錠劑或膠囊。壓縮錠劑可含有上文所述之任何賦形劑,其係可增大烏普司他乙酸酯之體積以能夠製備具有實用大小之壓縮錠劑的稀釋劑。亦有必要使用黏合劑,其為將黏合性質賦予粉狀材料之試劑。使用澱粉、明膠、糖(例如乳糖或右旋糖)、及天然及合成膠。在錠劑中有必要使用崩解劑來促進錠劑破碎。崩解劑包括澱粉、黏土、纖維素、藻膠、膠及交聯聚合物。最後,將稱作潤滑劑及滑動劑之少量材料納入錠劑中以防止錠劑材料在製造過程中表面黏附、及提高粉末材料在製造過程中的流動特徵。膠狀二氧化矽最常用作滑動劑,且諸
如滑石粉或硬脂酸類等化合物最常用作潤滑劑。壓縮錠劑之產生及製造程序已為彼等熟習此項技術者所習知(參見Remington)。
膠囊係較佳使用硬或軟明膠殼作為烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物與惰性成份之混合物之容器的固體劑型。硬明膠及軟彈性膠囊之產生及製造程序已為業內習知(參見Remington)。
亦可使用含服形式或裝置,例如彼等闡述於美國專利申請案第20050208129號中者,其以引用方式併入本文中。美國專利申請案第20050208129號闡述含有至少一種活性成份之延遲釋放型生物黏附黏膜治療系統(在活性成份溶出測試中經8小時釋放70%以上)及其製備方法。該生物黏附治療系統包含一定量天然蛋白質(其佔活性成份之至少50重量%及該錠劑之至少20重量%)、10%-20%親水聚合物及壓縮賦形劑,且包含4%-10%可增強活性成份之局部利用性的鹼金屬烷基硫酸鹽及0.1%-1%糖一水化物。
對於非經腸投予而言,利用該等化合物及無菌媒劑(較佳為水)來製備液體單位劑型。端視所用媒劑及濃度,烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物可懸浮或溶解於媒劑中。在製備溶液時,可將化合物溶解於注射用水中並經過濾滅菌,之後填充至適宜小瓶或安瓿中並密封。有利地,可將諸如局部麻醉劑、防腐劑及緩衝劑等佐劑溶解於媒劑中。為增強穩定性,可在填充至小瓶中之後將組合物凍結並真空除水。隨後將無水凍乾粉末密封於小瓶中並提供含有注射用
水之附屬小瓶以在使用之前重構液體。以基本相同的方式製備非經腸懸浮液,只是化合物係懸浮而非溶解於媒劑中,且藉由過濾不能達成滅菌。該化合物可在懸浮於無菌媒劑中之前藉由暴露於環氧乙烷中加以滅菌。有利地,將表面活性劑或潤濕劑納入組合物中以促進烏普司他乙酸酯均勻分佈。
另外,可應用栓劑來遞送烏普司他乙酸酯。可藉由業內已知方法將活性化合物納入任何已知栓劑基質中。此等基質之實例包括可可油、聚乙二醇(碳蠟)、聚乙烯去水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯、及此等與可改變溶點或溶出速率之其他相容材料之混合物。該等栓劑之重量可為約1-2.5gm。
包含滲透促進劑及封閉襯層之經皮遞送系統可用來遞送烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。滲透促進劑實例包括二甲亞碸、二甲基乙醯胺及二甲基甲醯胺。
亦可使用包含聚合裝置之系統,該裝置在體內緩慢釋放或緩慢蝕解及釋放以提供烏普司他乙酸酯之持續供給。適宜遞送系統包括皮下裝置或植入物,例如彼等通常用來遞送諾孕烯酮(norgestrienone)或黃體素R2323及其他藥物者。
在計算用於個體之劑量時,應考慮個體重量及投予方式。以下導則提供烏普司他乙酸酯之臨床有效量。
假定平均重量為120磅或53公斤,則烏普司他乙酸酯之日單位劑量較佳在5-15mg/天之間。令人感到十分驚奇的是,與20mg口服劑量相比,使用10mg口服劑量時類纖維
瘤體積之減小更為顯著。因此,10mg/天之口服劑量最佳。亦應考慮較低劑量,例如1mg-10mg/天、較佳5-10mg/天。經口途徑較佳。與經口途徑相比,亦可適用使用血濃度之其他投予途徑來提供臨床成功。
較佳地,烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物之量可有效緩解子宮平滑肌瘤症狀,而在臨床上無顯著抗糖皮質激素活性。
在具體實施例中,可在約2至約4個月時間段期間向患者投予一定口服劑量之烏普司他乙酸酯。
在較佳實施例中,本發明提供治療婦女平滑肌瘤或自其衍生之腫瘤的方法,其包含以微粒化形式經口投予5-15mg之日劑量的烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
在平滑肌瘤腫瘤響應完全後,可經一段較長時期(例如超過12個月)投予約5mg維持劑量。
因而,本發明方法另外包含投予一定日劑量之烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物之治療時期,其中投予之該劑量小於初始治療日劑量的一半。
在具體實施例中,治療時期可每年或每兩年重複1次。
患者可為任何女性,但亦可為非人類雌性哺乳動物。
可在任何需要時間向患者投予烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。然而,可能尤令人感興趣的是在進行子宮手術或非-或最小創傷性移除或破壞類纖維瘤之前投予烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
實際上,用烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物進行治療可阻止所有出血並致使患者閉經,此可在手術前促進患者止血並改善其身體狀況。此外,其適用於非-或最小創傷性移除或破壞類纖維瘤,而不適用於諸如子宮肌瘤切除、子宮切除等創傷性手術。隨後可藉助腹腔鏡或較佳經陰道實施手術干預及子宮動脈栓塞術。超音或熱處理亦足以破除殘餘類纖維瘤。ExAblate®裝置可用於該方面。該裝置為婦女提供非創傷性保留子宮之替代治療方案。其結合兩種系統-磁共振成像(MRI)機(顯示患者解剖、映射欲治療之類纖維瘤組織體積並監測加熱後之子宮組織溫度)及聚焦超音波束(使用高頻高能音波來加熱並破除類纖維瘤組織)。
提供以下實例僅作為舉例說明而非加以限制。彼等熟習此項技術者可容易地認識到,可改變或修改多種非關鍵參數以獲得基本上相同的結果。
年齡在33-50歲具有症狀性類纖維瘤及正常月經週期之健康婦女視為入選對象。
納入標準包括正常週期及避孕藥使用,且症狀性類纖維瘤藉由ACOG實施公告(ACOG practice bulletin)1994來界定:- 子宮過量出血,其藉由以下之一來判斷:伴隨血崩或
血塊或重複週期持續超過8天之大出血;或由急性或慢性失血所致之貧血;- 或由平滑肌瘤引起之骨盆不適、急性或嚴重或慢性下腹部或腰部壓迫、或具有非由尿路感染所致之尿頻膀胱壓迫。
淘汰標準包括妊娠、血紅蛋白<10g/dL、當前進行激素治療、子宮迅速擴大及FSH>20IU/mL。在開始研究藥物治療前及在手術前2週內獲得MR圖像以記錄類纖維瘤之數量、位置及體積。若婦女停止排卵,則服用口服劑量為10mg或20mg之烏普司他乙酸酯,或placebo(PLC:微晶纖維素)達3個週期或90天。比較類纖維瘤總體積之百分比變化。若需要,可使用威爾科克森(Wilcoxon)秩和檢驗及t-檢驗。
22位婦女滿足納入標準且18位婦女(72%為黑人,28%為白人)完成研究。接受PL之6人具有與烏普司他乙酸酯組類似之平均年齡及BMI。
藉由MR成像所測定類纖維瘤體積總變化之全部數據係得自18名完成者。在3個月研究間期期間,彼等接受PLC者之類纖維瘤總體積增加6%;彼等接受10mg及20mg者顯示類纖維瘤體積分別減小36%及21%(參見圖1)。當將此兩個CDB-2914組組合與PLC進行比較時,在3個月治療後,類纖維瘤總體積存在顯著減小(PLC:6%;CDB-2914:-29%;p=0.01)。
實施額外分析以評價與治療有關之月經功能差異。接受PLC之婦女在整個研究間期均每月具有一次月經。相反,出現於接受10mg之個體中之月經出血僅存在單一發作;接受20mg之婦女無任何出血(參見圖2)。在與PLC進行比較時,CDB-2914可引起月經顯著減少(p<0.001),並伴有劑量-依賴型效應證據。
手術時一名患者患有無異型複雜性子宮內膜增生。
與安慰劑相比,90天後,每天10mg或20mg烏普司他乙酸酯使類纖維瘤大小分別顯著減小36%及21%,且引發閉經。
具有症狀性類纖維瘤之絕經前婦女經90天以盲法隨機分配方式接受烏普司他乙酸酯(10或20mg;n=12)或安慰劑(PL)(n=6),之後進行子宮切除。該等婦女未接受其他激素治療。手術時收集類纖維瘤組織及鄰近子宮肌膜並在RNAlater(用於RNA分離)中對其實施處理。亦對類纖維瘤組織實施石蠟包埋處理(用於免疫組織化學(IHC)及TUNEL分析)。將總RNA用於具有U133 Plus 2.0人類晶片之Affymetrix微陣列。藉由RT-PCR分析證實所關注基因之分化轉錄。將TUNEL分析及針對Ki67及磷酸化組蛋白3(phospho H3)之IHC應用於經石蠟包埋之組織切片,且記錄染色呈陽性之細胞的百分比以評價細胞凋亡及增殖。使
用雙尾student t-檢驗對RT-PCR結果及增殖分析進行分析;使用Kruskal-Wallis檢驗來評價TUNEL分析結果;將P<0.05視為顯著。
結果:
與PL相比,暴露於ulipristal acetate之類纖維瘤之細胞凋亡量增加而其增殖量減少。基於2倍變化截止值及P<0.02之基因組分析鑒定出在烏普司他乙酸酯與PL間表現不同的314個基因。因在增殖或細胞凋亡中所起的潛在作用及在啟動子中存在孕酮應答元件而選出8個所關注基因。RT-PCR證實群集素(Clu)、Fas細胞凋亡抑制分子2(FAIM2)、諾裏(Norrie)病蛋白(NDP)、無翅型MMTV整合部位家族成員5A(Wnt5A)、B-細胞白血病/淋巴瘤2(Bcl2)、含有不育-α基元及白胺酸拉鏈之激酶AZK(ZAK)、蛋白脂質蛋白1(PLP1)之差異表現(參見下表)。
結論:
烏普司他乙酸酯治療引起類纖維瘤萎縮,同時伴隨細胞凋亡增加及增殖減少及可能為該等發現之原因之轉錄變化。
依照特許方案,在腹部手術後用烏普司他乙酸酯(10-20mg日口服劑量)治療具有已知良性轉移平滑肌瘤狀態(證實為多發性節結)之婦女。治療導致右側胸腔積液消退、肝結節減少及兩種子宮類纖維瘤一定程度的減少。更重要的是,在3個月治療後,其肺功能試驗自預期的50%提高至預期的103%。其感覺良好。
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圖1係顯示在投予烏普司他乙酸酯(CDB-2914)3個月後類纖維瘤體積與治療有關之變化。PLC=安慰劑;T1=10mg CDB-2914;T2=20mg CDB-2914;p=0.01,T1或T2對PLC。
圖2係顯示不同週期及治療組(即經口投與安慰劑、10mg或20mg烏普司他乙酸酯(CDB-2914))之平均出血的天數。
Claims (13)
- 一種17α-乙醯氧基-11β-[4-N,N-二甲胺基-苯基)-19-降孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮(烏普司他乙酸酯)或其選自由CDB-3877、CDB-3963、CDB-3236及CDB-4183組成之群之代謝產物之用途,其係製備用於減少或阻止患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者出血之藥劑。
- 一種17α-乙醯氧基-11β-[4-N,N-二甲胺基-苯基)-19-降孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮(烏普司他乙酸酯)或其選自由CDB-3877、CDB-3963、CDB-3236及CDB-4183組成之群之代謝產物之用途,其係製備用於預防或治療患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者貧血之藥劑。
- 一種17α-乙醯氧基-11β-[4-N,N-二甲胺基-苯基)-19-降孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮(烏普司他乙酸酯)或其選自由CDB-3877、CDB-3963、CDB-3236及CDB-4183組成之群之代謝產物之用途,其係製備用於治療轉移平滑肌瘤之藥劑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑係烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物之口服劑型。
- 如請求項4之用途,其中該藥劑係醫藥錠劑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑包含5至15mg日劑量的烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
- 如請求項5之用途,其中該藥劑包含10mg日劑量的烏普司他乙酸酯或其代謝產物。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑包含烏普司 他乙酸酯。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑適用於在約2至約4個月期間投予。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該藥劑適用於一年重複一次投予。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑適用於在進行子宮手術前向患者投予。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該藥劑另外用作避孕藥。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該藥劑係進一步用於預防或治療患有子宮類纖維瘤之患者貧血之藥劑。
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| PT2148681E (pt) * | 2007-04-20 | 2016-06-17 | Preglem Sa | Moduladores seletivos da progesterona no tratamento da hemorragia uterina |
| US8299050B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2012-10-30 | Laboratoire Hra-Pharma | Method for treating uterine fibroids |
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