99年11月^曰修正替換頁 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種煙探測器，尤其是一種散射光 式煙探測器，以檢測被煙散射的投射光其所產生之散 射光。 【先前技術】 習知之散射光式煙探測器，通常是在探測器内設 有可供外部之煙流入之煙處理室，將該煙處理室作為 煙的檢測空間。以受光元件接收散射光，該散射光就 是來自發光元件之光受煙散射而變成的散射光，藉此 用以檢測火災。 如此，在探測器之煙處理室内設置煙檢測空間之 理由，係為了不受外光之影響，而可以高度精確地檢 測出照射光在煙上所產生之微弱散射光。此外，煙檢 測空間内存在昆蟲等雜質時，可能會因這些雜質的散 射光而產生誤判，藉由煙處理室即可防止此等雜質進 入煙檢測空間内。如此，設置煙處理室並將此處作為 煙檢測空間，係先前之散射光式煙探測器必要之技術 (例如可參照日本專利文獻：特開平6-109631號公 報，以及日本專利文獻：特開平7-12724號公報）。 但是，習知之散射光式煙探測器之構造，有一個 問題就是必須具有煙處理室。 習知之煙探測器為了容易讓煙流入煙處理室，所 以在煙處理室之部分具有鼓出之形態，而在天花板面 上係以鼓出狀態設置，造成嚴重損壞室内設計。 此外，由於外部之煙流入煙處理室時，會要通過 位於其周圍之護蓋、煙流入口、防昆蟲網及遮光用之 99年11月4曰修正替換頁 曲折通道，導致煙流入特性 的時間延誤之問題。 不足’而可能造成檢測煙 會產生= 查煙處理室，這個部分則 檢測空間用之煙處理宮-，要在探測态内形成煙 造成之問題至而可消除習知之煙處理室所 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，本發明之目的在提 處理室之散射光式煙探測H k供種〜要有煙 人：上述問題而達成㈣’本發明之構造分 二向你二ϋ體，發光元件係位於該探測器本體内， ii煙产=測器本體外側之煙檢測空間發射光，发 -散射光，至之光之 ，收之該散射光之受光量；及;於 值，以判斷有無;ί;ί應之錢光量與其微分 此外’申請專利範圍第2項 ， 以=:，;，部’於該受;量超1以 值以下時，判斷ϊϊϊϊί微分值為特定之誤判臨界 此外，申請專利範圍第3項之構造，如申請專利 99年11月上，曰修正替換頁 第2項之所述，該火災判斷部在該受光量超過特定之 火災臨界值，且受光量之微分值超過特定之誤判臨界 值時，進一步判定自該微分值超過特定之誤判臨界值 時起，經過一定時間後，該受光量是否超過特定之障 礙臨界值，於該受光量已超過該障礙臨界值時，判斷 為發生妨礙火災檢測之障礙。 此外，申請專利範圍第4項之構造，如申請專利 第1項所述，該火災判斷部，於受光量超過特定之第 一火災臨界值之時間，持續特定之第一設定時間以 上；且該受光量超過比第一火災臨界值大之特定之第 二火災臨界值之時間，持續比該第一設定時間長之特 定之第二設定時間以上時，判斷為發生火災。 此外，申請專利範圍第5項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第1項所述，該發光元件包含複數個發光元件。 此外，申請專利範圍第6項之構造，如申請專利 第5項之本發明，發光元件包含：第一發光元件，其 係發射第一波長之光；及第二發光元件，其係發射比 第一波長短之第二波長之光；該第一發光元件之光軸 與受光元件之光軸相交而構成第一散射角，第二發光 元件之光軸與受光元件之光轴相交構成第二散射角， 其中第二散射角大於第一散射角。 此外，申請專利範圍第7項之構造，如申請專利 第6項所述，該第一波長之中心波長為800nm以上， 該第二波長之中心波長為500nm以下，該第一散射角 為20°〜50°之範圍，該第二散射角為100°〜150°之範 圍。 此外，申請專利範圍第8項之構造，如申請專利 第5項所述，該發光元件包含：第一發光元件與第二 99年11月曰修正替換頁 發光元件；自第一發光元件發射之光係通過第一發光 元件之光軸及受光元件之光軸所構成之第一散射面， 且第一發光元件係對第一散射面發射垂直偏光面之 光；自第二發光元件發射之光係通過第二發光元件之 光軸及受光元件之光軸所構成之第二散射面，且第二 發光元件係對第二散射面發射水平偏光面之光；第一 發光元件之光軸與受光元件之光軸相交構成第一散射 角，而第二發光元件之光軸與受光元件之光軸相交構 成第二散射角，其中第二散射角大於第一散射角。 此外，申請專利範圍第9項之構造，如申請專利 第8項所述，第一散射角為80°以下，第二散射角為 100°以上。 此外，申請專利範圍第10項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第5項所述，包含數個發光元件之各個光軸與受 光元件之光軸形成大致非同一平面的立體角配置。 此外，申請專利範圍第11項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第5項中任一項所述，該發光元件包含：第一發 光元件與第二發光元件，以及火災判斷部，該火災判 斷部係藉由比較受光元件之受光量以判斷有無發生火 災，其係比較受光元件對於以第一發光元件發射之 光，被煙散射而產生之散射光之受光量，以及受光元 件對於以第二發光元件發射之光，被煙散射而產生之 散射光之受光量，以識別煙之種類，並依據相對應煙 之種類之判斷基準，來判斷有無發生火災。 此外，申請專利範圍第12項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第1項所述，煙檢測空間中，發光元件之光軸與 受光元件之光軸之相交點，該相交點設在自該探測器 本體離開約5mm以上。 1338870 此外，申請專利範圍第 範圍第1項所述，探測器本體外表U:以利 以防止昆蟲的材料所構成者，或 避劑於探測器本體外表面之至少—部貝叱蟲逃 此外，申請專利範圍第14項之構 範圍第丨項所述’受光元件之視野角為5度：：專利 此外，申請專利範圍第15項之槿 範圍第1項所述，發光元件係發“冓直之平。專利 此外，申請專利範圍第16項之構造， 範圍第i項所述’進一步包含對數放大器， 自受光元件所輸出之受光訊號。 ’、 —此外，申請專利範圍第17項之構造，如申請專 範圍第1項所述，進一步包含發光控制部，其係控 發光訊號，使發光元件間歇地驅動發光；以及包含放 大電路，其係與控制發光訊號同步，放大自受光元 所輸出之受光訊號。 卜此外，申請專利範圍第18項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第17項所述，進一步包含發光控制部，其係控制 一發光訊號，使發光元件間歇地驅動發光，其中發光 元件發射可視光波長帶域之光，且發光控制部係以1 毫秒以内之發光脈衝寬度，進行間歇之驅動發光。 卜此外’申請專利範圍第19項之構造，如申請專利 範圍第18項所述’發光控制部控制間歇地驅動發光， 其間歇之驅動發光時之合計發光時間在1毫秒以内。 由於本發明係向探測器本體外側之煙檢測空間進 行發光，並接收來自該煙檢測空間之光，因此可在探 測器本體外側設定煙檢測點來進行煙探測。因而可省 9 99年11月d日修正替換頁 略煙處理室，所以不需要形成習知之煙處理室突出之 形態，而可將該突出部分作成扁平之薄型形狀。因而 在天花板面上設置散射光式煙探測器時，可使煙檢測 空間側之探測器本體外側與天花板面大致平齊，不致 突出到天花板面外，而可平坦設置。此外，由於可將 天花板全面平坦地設計、施工，因此可大幅提高室内 設計之品質。此外，由於係將外面之開放空間作為煙 檢測空間來檢測煙之散射光，因此，沒有習知之煙處 理室妨礙煙流入之構造的問題，所以不會產生延誤檢 測火災之煙。再者，由於煙檢測空間係外部之開放空 間，相對於開放煙檢測空間之本體外側係朝下露出， 因此不致附著塵埃，可消除塵埃引起誤判之問題，亦 不需要清理，因此可降低使用成本。 此外，由於本發明係依據受光量與其微分值來進 行火災判斷，可避免煙檢測空間中存在昆蟲等雜質時 之錯誤動作，亦可消除煙處理室作為煙檢測空間之問 題。 此外，本發明係在受光量超過特定之火災臨界 值，且受光量之微分值為特定之誤判臨界值以下時， 判斷為火災。此因火災引起煙濃度之增加，要比昆蟲 等雜質引起受光量之變化，在時間上較為緩慢，因此， 即使受光量達到火災程度，並不立即判斷為火災，而 係判斷其微分值，將異常臨界值以下作為判斷火災的 條件。藉此，可進一步確實避免煙檢測空間中存在昆 蟲等雜質時之錯誤動作。 此外，本發明係於微分值超過特定之誤判臨界值 開始，經過一定時間後，於受光量超過特定之障礙臨 界值時，判斷為雜質引起之障礙。此因昆蟲等雜質引 起受光訊號之變化，可分類成暫時性者與持續性者， 99年11月日修正替換頁 昆蟲飛來等造成暫時性之受光訊號之異常變化，在微 分值超過異常臨界值後，經過一定時間後即消除，因 此一定時間後，受光訊號為障礙臨界值以下時，即可 判斷為非障礙。反之，蜘蛛的巢及網等在煙檢測空間 内移動及接觸情況下，即使經過一定時間，受光訊號 持續在超過障礙臨界值之異常位準，而成為探測器無 法正常感測煙之故障狀態，因此，藉由將該狀態判斷 為障礙來通知，可進行探測器之保養檢查。 此外，本發明係在受光量超過第一火災臨界值之 時間，持續第一設定時間以上，且受光量超過第二火 災臨界值之時間，持續第二設定時間以上時，判斷為 發生火災。在含有煙處理室之習知之散射光式煙探測 器中，火災之煙濃度變化，與火災以外（如香菸及烹 調）之煙濃度變化相類似的時候，要將兩者煙濃度變 化加以區別會有困難。反之，無煙處理室之本發明之 散射光式煙探測器中，具有可將火災之煙與火災以外 之煙區分其中的不同檢測結果之特徵，以區別這兩種 煙，而防止誤判。 此外，本發明包含數個發光元件，可進行依據數 個受光量之综合性判斷，可進一步正確地進行火災判 定。 此外，本發明就兩個發光元件以不同的散射角對 受光元件發光，依煙不同的種類產生散射特性的差 異，同時藉由兩個發光元件所發射之光的波長不同， 產生因波長引起之散射特性之差異，藉由該散射角之 差異與波長差異之相乘效果，因煙的種類而在散射光 之光強度上出現顯著差異，提高識別煙的準確度。即 使煙檢測空間在外部，仍不受外光之影響，而可確實 檢測火災之煙，再者，防止烹調之熱氣及香菸之煙造 99年11月曰修正替換頁 成之誤報。再者，即使是火災造成之煙，仍可確實識 別黑煙火災與白煙火災之燃燒物的種類。 此外，本發明藉由偏光面對於兩個發光元件發射 光之各散射面不同，產生因偏光方向所引起之散射特 性之差異，同時就兩個發光元件，由於受光元件之散 射角不同，依煙種類作出散射之差異特性，藉由偏光 方向之差異與散射角之差異之相乘效果，因煙的種類 不同會在散射光之光強度上出現顯著差異，以提高煙 的識別準確度。即使煙檢測空間在外部，仍不受外光 之影響，而可確實檢測火災之煙。再者，確實防止烹 調之熱氣及香菸之煙等造成之非火災報。此外，即使 是火災時之煙，仍可識別黑煙火災與白煙火災，確實 識別燃燒物之種類。 此外，由於本發明係立體角配置數個發光元件， 因此可將煙檢測點設定於探測器本體外側之外側空 間，煙檢測點係位在發光元件之光轴與受光元件之光 軸的交叉點，用以檢測煙之散射光。 此外，本發明係藉由比較：對於第一發光元件之 散射光之受光量，與對於第二發光元件之散射光之受 光量，如取兩者比值再與臨界值相比較，以識別煙之 種類，並藉由煙種類之相對應判斷基準，進行火災判 斷，以及依據數個受光量進行綜合性判斷，可進行更 正確之火災檢測。 此外，由於本發明係將發光元件之光軸與受光元 件之光軸之交點，與探測器本體相距5mm以上，因 此，即使在探測器本體之外面附著塵埃，或有昆蟲在 上面爬行，仍可不受影響。 此外，本發明藉由以昆蟲逃避材料等，構成探測 1338870 99年11月二》曰修正替換頁 器本體外表面之至少一部分，昆蟲難以靠近外表面， 而可預先防止誤判。 此外，本發明藉由將受光元件之視角限制在5度 以内，將煙檢測空間中之散射光檢測用之區域大小限 制在必要之最小限度，可防止外光之影響。 此外，本發明藉由發光元件發射準直之平行光， 將煙檢測空間中之散射光檢測用之區域大小限制在必 要之最小限度，可防止外光之影響。 此外，本發明係以對數放大器放大光感測訊號。 藉此，外光直接入射於受光元件時，即使通常之線性 放大器之輸出飽和，而失去放大功能時，仍可使光感 測放大輸出不飽和，而可穩定地進行火災感測。 此外，由於本發明係利用控制發光訊號間歇地驅 動發光元件發光，並使發光訊號同步，放大受光訊號。 因此，藉由控制與發光訊號同步受光，排除檢測對象 為照明光等之誤判，而可確實防止外光造成之誤判。 此外，本發明藉由將發光脈衝設在1毫秒以内， 而限制在人之視覺感應度上之發光時間以内，可避免 肉眼看出探測器中之發光部的忽亮忽滅。 此外，本發明藉由將間歇之驅動發光時，其間歇 的發光時間設在1毫秒以内，而限制在人之視覺感應 度上之發光時間以内，可避免肉眼看出探測器中之發 光部的忽亮忽滅。 【實施方式】 首先，說明第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測器。 圖1係第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之剖面圖。 圖1顯示之散射光式煙探測器1其構造大致包含：探 13 1338870 99年11月幺、日修正替換頁 測器本體2、端子盤3、處理室底座4、發光元件5、 受光元件ό及透明護蓋9。 元兀件 其中，在探測器本體2内設有端子盤3，在該端 子，3之内侧設有電路基板8。在該電路基板8之下 方設有處理室底座4,在該處理室底座4上設有可發 光之發光元件5及可感測光之受光元件6。 /處理至底座4之下設有本體外侧7，其外觀實質 上係平坦的’其中該本體外側7上設置有透明護蓋9。 此外，本體外侧7具有：發光開口 5b及受光開口 6b， 自發，元件5發射之光可從發光開口 5b射出至散射光 式煙探測器1之外部；被射出而被煙散射之光可從受 光開口 6b導入受光元件6。在本體外側7更下方之外 部開放空間設有構成煙檢測點的交點p，也就是發光 元件5之光轴與受光元件6之光軸交會之光軸交點p。 如此，第一種實施例之散射光煙探測器丨之一個特徵 為：煙檢測點係設在散射光式煙探測器1之外部，由 於不需要在散射光式煙探測器1内部形成煙檢測空 間，因此可省略習知所需的煙處理室。 〇圖2A顯示在天花板面10上設置散射光式煙探測 器1之楝測器底座11 ’並在該探測器底座11上設置圖 1所示之散射光式煙探測器1。如該圖2A所示，由於 散射光式煙探測器1中省略設在習知之散射光式煙探 測器中之煙處理室，因此沒有煙處理室所造成突出之 部分，可減少整個散射光式煙探測器丨之厚度，可避 免自天花板面10向下方過於突出地設置散射光式煙 探測器1 (使散射光式煙探測器1幾乎不會突出於天 花板面10)。 圖2B顯示將探測器底座11設在天花板面丨〇内， 在探測器底座11中埋設如圖1所顯之散射光式煙探測 14 1338870 99年11月二}曰修正替換頁 器1。如該圖2B所示，可將散射光式煙探測器1之下 平面（圖1之本體外側7及透明護蓋9)與天花板面 10大致同平面地設置，此時完全沒有煙處理室造成之 突出，而可實現全面平坦之天花板構造。特別是由於 不需要煙處理室，而減少整個散射光式煙探測器1之 厚度，因此埋入天花板内之部分比習知之裝置小，即 使在狹窄之天花板空間内仍可配置散射光式煙探測器 圖3係配置圖1之發光元件5及受光元件6之處 理室底座4之斜視圖。如圖3所示，於處理室底座4 之煙檢測側之本體外側7上形成有發光開口 5b及受光 開口 6b，在發光開口 5b之内部設有發光元件5，在受 光開口 6b之内部設有受光元件6 (此等發光元件5與 受光元件6並未顯示於圖3中）。 圖4係依據圖3之處理室底座4之整個煙檢測部 之剖面圖（另以假想線顯示透明護蓋9 )。圖4中，處 理室底座4之上為平坦之本體外側7,在該本體外側7 上設有發光開口 5b及受光開口 6b，並且設置有保護 用之透明護蓋9。另外，第一種實施例中，係以煙檢 測點P位在平坦的本體外側7之外，不過在本實施例 中，該本體外側7依需要亦可設成稍微彎曲或是適當 的凹凸形狀。 在處理室底座4之内部設有發光元件5與受光元 件6，發光元件5之發光光軸5a與受光元件6之受光 光軸6a相交於本體外側7外面的煙檢測點P。此時， 自本體外側7至位在外部空間之光軸交點之煙檢測點 P之高度為h，雖可任意設定高度h，不過較佳者係設 定在附著物不致影響煙檢測之高度，即使於散射光式 煙探測器1外部有造成煙檢測障礙之干擾因素，如本 15 99年11月Θ日修正替換頁 L μ τ月π日修正替換頁 體夕側上附著塵埃及昆蟲等等，亦不致影塑、@ ^ 測。較不易發生昆蟲影響之最大高/= 中，设置散射光式煙探測器丨之 h=5mm以上之高度。 兄广罕又佳者為 此外，處理室底座4可用不易著 Γί明ΐ;在本體外側7上浸潰或 止嶋造成之誤判。另外，防以ί Ρ具yr=〜’例如可使用二乙基甲笨酿;ί 路方係同第―種實施例之散射光式煙探測器1之電 且右卜%夕圖5中，散射光式煙探測器1之構造包含： 奚報電：Η發光元件5及受光元件6之煙檢測部4a、 4 L 使用CPU處理之訊號處理部化、吃愔 # P、發光控制部18及放大電路19。 錢 係由發光控制部18驅動發光元件5以淮 ; ί二由發光元件5所發射之光在散射光2 散射時，受;之Ϊ檢測點Ρ及其周邊被煙反射而產生 6之J中件6會接收到該散射光。該受光元佚 放大電路(對數放大器）19放大3 之輪=ί理而放/電路19可輸出受光41 值礙臨界值™，因此^ 訊號處理；、! 3或有無干擾障礙。滿足特定條件%有 安收态迗出火災訊號。 竹弋之訊 99年11月上}日修正替換頁 此時，在訊號處理部16中設置之火災判斷部16a 係以程式控制火災判斷之功能。該火災判斷部16a依 據受光元件6之受光訊號與其微分值來判斷火災。亦 即，火災判斷部16a接收到受光元件6之受光訊號A 超過特定之火災臨界值TH1，且受光訊號A之微分值 B為特定之誤判臨界值TH2以下時，即判斷為火災。 另外，火災判斷部16a於受光元件6之受光訊號 A超過特定之火災臨界值TH1，且受光訊號A之微分 值超過特定之誤判臨界值TH2時，自微分值B超過特 定之誤判臨界值TH2時起，經過一定時間T後，判斷 受光訊號A是否超過特定之障礙臨界值TH3，在障礙 臨界值TH3以下時，判斷為暫時性之障礙，繼續進行 監視，超過障礙臨界值TH3時，則判斷為係雜質造成 的障礙。 圖6係圖5之發光控制部18之發光驅動時間圖。 如圖6所示，發光脈衝(A)係表示圖1之發光元件5發 射之光，受光訊號（B)表示由圖1之受光元件6接收之 光，同步受光訊號(C)表示由圖5之放大電路19取得 之受光訊號。亦即，發光控制部18如發光脈衝(A)所 示，係以每周期T1反覆脈衝輸出脈衝寬度T2之方式， 以驅動發光元件5，並控制發光元件5的發光。放大 電路19對應於其與發光控制部18之同步控制，而取 得受光訊號(B)與控制發光元件5的發光同步之同步受 光訊號（C)。 此時，發光周期T1如為Tl = lsec，發光之脈衝寬 度T2如為T2=50 # sec。如此，藉由控制發光與對應 之同步受光，扣除來自外部之煙檢測空間之煙散射光 以外之光入射所產生之受光訊號，可確實僅接收煙之 散射光。 I 99年11月X》曰修正替換頁 此外，由於發光元件5之發光波長在可視光域， 為了使人看不出間歇地發光，而將發光時間限制在 lmsec以内。亦即，為了可以肉眼辨識來自發光元件 之光’需要超過lmsec之持續發光時間，因此，為了 =要讓人們看到發光元件之發光，而將發光時間限制 在lmsec以内。 圖6之發光脈衝(a)的時間，只須3次之發光脈衝 時間之合計（脈衝寬度T2x3次）為lmsec以内即可。 如上述之例子，T2=5〇V sec時，3次發光脈衝之合計 時間則為150 # sec，由於在lmsec以内，因此看不出 發光。 ^ 圖7係藉由硬體實現圖5之火災判斷部16a之功 忐之電路圖。如圖7所示，以硬體構成之火災判斷部 16a係如圖示連接有比較器2〇、基準電壓源21、微分 電路23、比較器25、基準電壓源24、比較器3〇、基 準電壓源31、單穩定多諳振盪器26及AND閘27 2^ 29等所構成。 ’ ’ 比較器20輸入由放大電路19放大受光元件6之 受光訊號A，與藉由基準電壓源21設定之特定火災臨 界值TH1比較，當受光訊號A之位準超過火災臨界值 TH1時，產生高位準輸出（High輸出）。比較器2〇之 高位準輸出於AND閘27之一方輸入。 ° 比較器30輸入由放大電路19放大受光元件6之 受光訊號A，與藉由基準電壓源31設定之障礙臨界值 TH3比較，當受光訊號a之位準超過障礙臨界值^H3 時，產生高位準輸出。比較器30之高位準輸出於AND 閘28之一方輸入。 此外’受光訊號A被微分電路23微分後，得到微 1338870 99年1]月曰修正替換頁 分值B，經由二極體D1輸入比較器25。比較器25比 較基準電壓源24之特定異常臨界值TH2與微分值B， 當微分值B超過異常臨界值TH2時，產生高位準輸 出。另外，由於二極體D1可自微分電路23獲得具有 正極性與負極性之微分訊號，因此可僅取出其中之正 極性之微分值。 比較器25之高位準輸出係輸入到單穩定多譜·振 盪器26。單穩定多諧振盪器26藉由接收高位準輸出 而被驅動，在一定時間T中，自Q產生高位準輸出。 單穩定多諧振盪器26之Q輸出反向輸入於AND閘27 之另一方。 因此，藉由比較器25之比較，當微分值B超過異 常臨界值TH2時，單穩定多諧振盪器26在T1時間中 產生高位準輸出，AND閘27可阻止因比較器20而為 高位準之火災檢測訊號。此外，由於比較器25中，微 分值B在異常臨界值TH2以下時，單穩定多諧振盪器 26之Q輸出在低位準（Low位準），因此AND閘27 成為通路狀態，此時，比較器20之火災檢測係以高位 準輸出。 AND閘27之輸出係輸入於AND閘29之一方。 AND閘29之另一方係以AND閘28之輸出為其反向 輸入。AND閘28之輸入係比較器30之輸出與單穩定 多諧振盪器26之反向輸出。因而，AND閘28檢測比 較器30對於障礙檢測之輸出，在持續輸出高位準的狀 態下，比較器25輸出高位準，單穩定多諧振盪器26 在T時間中斷開動作時係以反向輸出，成為通路狀 態，此時比較器30之輸出就從AND閘28輸出，使其 顯示為障礙訊號。 此外，AND閘28輸出為高位準輸出之障礙訊號 19 1338870 99年11月》多日修正替換頁 .時，藉由AND閘29之反向輸出而成為斷路狀態，此 時，比較器30之高位準輸出被AND閘29阻斷，阻止 輸出火災訊號，而是輸出障礙訊號。 圖8係顯示圖7接收到火災煙時之火災判斷部16a 之動作時間圖。 接收火災之煙時，受光元件6之受光訊號A，如 圖8之(A)所示，其隨著時間增加而逐漸增加，在時間 tl時，超過火災臨界值TH1。此時，比較器20之輸出 為高位準，由於AND閘27, 29為通路狀態，因此如圖 8之（C)所示，火災訊號為高位準，而使圖5之發報電 路15動作，送出火災訊號至訊號接收器側。 此時，由於煙濃度之上升比較緩慢，因此微分電 路23之受光訊號A之微分值B係較小之微分值，不 會超過異常臨界值TH2。 圖9係在圖1之散射光式煙探測器1中，因昆蟲 飛過本體外側7下側之外部開放空間之煙檢測點P部 分，而暫時性地使散射光增加之時間圖。當暫時性地 產生散射光時，如圖9之(A)所示，受光訊號A急遽增 加後，又恢復成正常位準，於超過火災臨界值TH1時， 如圖9之（C)所示，比較器20之輸出為高位準。 另外，此時對於受光訊號A之微分電路23之微分 值B，成為因受光訊號A之上昇而在正方向上大幅變 化後，如圖9(B)所示，因受光訊號B之下降而在負方 向上大幅變化之訊號。而後，在正方向上大幅變化時， 超過異常臨界值TH2，此時如圖9之（D)所示，比較器 25產生高位準輸出。因而如圖9之(E)所示，單穩定多 諧振盪器26之Q輸出為高位準。 因而，即使比較器20之輸出為高位準，單穩定多 20 99年11月Θ日修正替換頁 諧振盪器26之Q輸出為高位準，可藉由AND閘27 阻止輸出火災訊號。因而，即使昆蟲等暫時穿過外部 開放空間之煙檢測點P，亦不致引起輸出火災訊號之 錯誤動作。 另外，單穩定多諧振盪器26之設定時間T，以可 充分涵蓋雜質穿過時間之方式來設定煙檢測點即可。 雜質穿過該外部之煙檢測點之情況，除昆蟲之外，例 如還考慮到人的指尖及物品穿過等之情況。 圖10係圖1之外部空間之煙檢測點P附近之本體 外側7上有蛛網等雜質停止不動時之時間圖。此種雜 質固定附著之情況，如圖10之（A)所示，受光訊號A 超過火災臨界值TH1而大幅上昇，於超過障礙臨界值 TH3後持續該狀態。 如圖10之（B)所示，自微分電路23輸出之微分值 B在正方向上大幅變化，而暫時超過異常臨界值TH2。 因而，異常檢測用之比較器25亦對應於微分值之暫時 性增加而產生高位準輸出，使單穩定多譜振盪器26動 作，如圖10之(E)所示，單穩定多諧振盪器26於一定 時間T中產生高位準輸出。 因而，藉由單穩定多諧振盪器26之Q輸出，AND 閘27成為斷路狀態，單穩定多諧振盪器26之動作中， 沒有自AND閘27之高位準輸出。單穩定多諧振盪器 26經過一定時間後斷開，Q輸出成為低位準時，解除 AND閘27之斷路，而產生高位準輸出，不過，同時 由於向單穩定多諧振盪器26之反向輸出高位準輸入 AND閘28，而成為通路狀態，藉由受光訊號A超過 障礙臨界值TH3，而接收來自比較器30之高位準輸 出，AND閘28輸出為高位準，此時輸出障礙訊號（故 障訊號）。 同時，由於 成為斷路狀態， 仍然形成斷^， |卯年π月日修正替換頁 AND閘28之高位準輸出，AND閘29 即使自AND閘27取得高位準輸出， 而阻止輸出火災訊號。 FI s Ϊ ^ AND閘28之高位準輸出，障礙訊號給屮$ 報電路15，藉由與火議時不― 二讯號接收器，在收訊端進行顯示探測器故障 顯示’作業人員即檢查制器之煙檢測側之本 2H7’藉由除去附著之雜質等’即可消除故障。 發報電路15對訊號接收器送出障礙訊號，如可採 取僅一定時間脈衝性流過發報電流之訊號形式。 此時，此種火災訊號及障礙訊號之輸出控制，除 圖7之佈線邏輯之外，亦可藉由軟體邏輯來達成。圖 u顯示藉由程式控制來執行設在圖5之訊號處理部16 之火^判斷部16a之處理流程圖。另外，藉由與圖u 之火災判斷處理不同之程式，可反覆進行自放大電路 D輸出之受光訊號A之隨機，及隨機之受光訊號值之 微分處理之微分值運算。 在圖11之火災判定處理中，首先於步驟SA1中， 檢查受光值A是否為特定之火災臨界值TH1以上，超 過火災臨界值TH1時，進入步驟SA2，並檢查微分值 B是否為特定之異常臨界值TH2以上。微分值B為異 常臨界值TH2以下時，進入步驟SA3 ’判斷為火災， 而產生火災之判定輸出。 在步驟SA2中，微分值B超過異常臨界值TH2 時’進入步驟SA4，啟動具有設定時間T之計時器。 計時器啟動後，於步驟SA5中檢查設定時間T，直到 經過設定時間，進入步驟SA6，此時檢查受光值A是 否超過障礙臨界值TH3。 22 1338870 99年11月曰修正替換買 受光值A為障礙臨界值TH3以下時，與圖9所示 時同樣地，由於係暫時地增加散射光’因此’此時不 進行火災判斷之輸出。反之，受光值A超過障礙臨界 值TH3時，其如圖10所示，係持續地獲得異常受光 訊號之狀態，因此在步驟SA7中判斷障礙，並產生其 判定輸出。 此外，在第一種實施例中，如圖5所示，由於以 對數放大器之放大電路19放大來自受光元件6之受光 輸出，因此可進一步正確判斷火災。亦即，以一般線 性型放大器放大受光輸出時，在干擾光強的環境下， 可能放大輸出飽和，而有造成火災漏報之危險性。由 於第一種實施例係使用對數放大器來放大受光輸出， 因此即使較強之干擾光入射於受光部，仍可防止放大 器輸出飽和而無法檢測出煙之散射光之情形。此外， 藉由對數放大器，在干擾光環境下檢測煙散射光時， 雖然煙之放大輸出之變化幅度變小，但是，由於第一 種實施例中’藉由取微分值來改善S/N比，而可進 行判斷火災。 如此，第一種實施例省略煙處理室，可將散射光 式煙探測器構成突出部少之平坦狀，不致自天花板面 突出，而可全面平坦地設置。 與動問 災誤之 火錯生 行之發 進時而 來質間 值雜空 分等測 微蟲檢 其昆煙 與在為 量存作 光中間 受間空 據空放 依測開 由檢將 藉煙除 ，免消 外避可 此可亦 ， 5 ο 斷作題 ， 此外’即使受光量達到火災程度，並不立即判斷 為火火’而係藉由判定其微分值，在異常臨界值以下 的條件才判斷為火災，可進一步確實避免煙檢測空間 中存在昆蟲等雜質時之錯誤動作。 23 1338870 99年11月^日修正替換頁 此外，微分值超過異常臨界值之狀態，即使經過 一定時間仍未消除時，判斷為障礙通知，可進行探測 器之保養檢查。 此外，由於將煙檢測點設在距離探測器本體5mm 以上，因此，即使在探測器本體之外面附著塵埃或有 昆蟲爬行，仍可避免受影響。 此外，藉由以昆蟲逃避材料等構成探測器本體之 本體外側之至少一部分，使昆蟲不易靠近外表面，而 可預防誤判。 此外，藉由將受光元件之視野角設在5度以内， 並將煙檢測空間之散射光檢測用之區域大小形成必要 之最小限度，可防止外光之影響。 此外，藉由以對數放大器來放大受光訊號，可避 免受光放大輸出飽和，而可穩定地進行火災檢測。 此外，由於係使用控制發光訊號來間歇地發光驅 動發光元件，並與控制發光訊號同步放大受光訊號， 因此，自檢測對象排除誤判因素之照明光等，而可確 實防止因外光造成之誤判。 此外，藉由將發光脈衝寬度設在1毫秒以内，抑 制在人之視覺感應度上不感應帶之發光時間，可避免 肉眼看出探測器之發光之忽亮忽滅。 此外，藉由將間歇之發光驅動時之合計發光時間 設在1毫秒以内，而抑制在人之視覺感應度上不感應 帶之發光時間，可避免肉眼看出探測器中之發光的一 亮一滅。 其次，再來說明第二種實施例之散射光式煙探測 器。第二種實施例基本上與第一種實施例相同，不過， 24 1338870November, 1999, 曰Revised replacement page IX, invention description: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a smoke detector, in particular to a scattered light smoke detector for detecting scattered light scattered by smoke. Generated scattered light. [Prior Art] A conventional scattered light type smoke detector is generally provided with a smoke processing chamber in which a foreign smoke is introduced into the detector, and the smoke processing chamber is used as a detection space for smoke. The light-receiving element receives the scattered light, which is the scattered light which is caused by the light from the light-emitting element being scattered by the smoke, thereby detecting the fire. Thus, the reason for providing the smoke detecting space in the smoke processing chamber of the detector is to detect the weak scattered light generated by the illuminating light on the smoke in a highly accurate manner in order not to be affected by the external light. In addition, when there are impurities such as insects in the smoke detection space, misidentification may occur due to the scattered light of these impurities, and the smoke treatment chamber can prevent such impurities from entering the smoke detection space. In this way, the smoke treatment chamber is provided and used as the smoke detection space, which is a technique necessary for the prior art of the scattered light type smoke detector (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 6-109 031, and Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei No. Hei. Bulletin No. 7-12724). However, the construction of the conventional scattered light type smoke detector has a problem that it is necessary to have a smoke treatment chamber. In order to facilitate the flow of smoke into the smoke treatment chamber, the conventional smoke detector has a bulging form in a portion of the smoke treatment chamber and a bulging state on the ceiling surface, causing serious damage to the interior design. In addition, since the external smoke flows into the smoke treatment chamber, it is necessary to correct the replacement page tortuous passage through the cover, the smoke inlet, the insect-proof net and the shading around it, which results in the inflow characteristic of the smoke. The problem of time delays. Insufficient 'may cause the detection of smoke will be generated = check the smoke treatment room, this part will detect the space used for the treatment of smoke - to create problems in the detection state of the smoke to eliminate the conventional smoke treatment room [invention content In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a scattered light smoke detection H k for the treatment room to be smouldering: to achieve the above problems: (4) 'The structure of the present invention is divided into two dioxin, light-emitting element system Located in the body of the detector, the smoke detection space outside the body of the detector emits light, emits-scattered light, and the light receives the amount of light received by the scattered light; and the value is used to determine whether or not there is; ί; ί ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ The structure of the third item of the patent scope, as described in the second application of the patent application in November, 1999, the fire determination unit exceeds the specific fire threshold value, and the differential value of the received light amount exceeds Specific false positive threshold Further determining whether the received light amount exceeds a certain obstacle threshold value after a certain period of time has elapsed from the time when the differential value exceeds a specific misjudgment threshold value, and when the light receiving amount has exceeded the obstacle threshold value, it is determined that an obstacle fire detection occurs. The obstacle. Further, in the structure of the fourth aspect of the patent application, as described in claim 1, the fire determining unit continues for a predetermined first set time or longer when the received light amount exceeds a specific first fire threshold; When the amount of received light exceeds the specific second fire threshold value that is greater than the first fire threshold value, and continues for a second or more predetermined time longer than the first set time, it is determined that a fire has occurred. Further, in the configuration of the fifth aspect of the patent application, as described in the first aspect of the patent application, the light-emitting element includes a plurality of light-emitting elements. Further, in the configuration of the sixth aspect of the patent application, as in the invention of claim 5, the light-emitting element comprises: a first light-emitting element that emits light of a first wavelength; and a second light-emitting element that emits light ratio a light of a second wavelength having a short wavelength; an optical axis of the first light-emitting element intersecting with an optical axis of the light-receiving element to form a first scattering angle, and an optical axis of the second light-emitting element intersects with an optical axis of the light-receiving element to form a second scattering An angle, wherein the second scattering angle is greater than the first scattering angle. In addition, in the structure of the seventh aspect of the patent application, as described in claim 6, the center wavelength of the first wavelength is 800 nm or more, the center wavelength of the second wavelength is 500 nm or less, and the first scattering angle is 20°. In the range of 〜50°, the second scattering angle is in the range of 100° to 150°. In addition, the structure of claim 8 is as described in claim 5, wherein the light-emitting element comprises: a first light-emitting element and a second replacement light-emitting element in November 1999; and the light-emitting element is emitted from the first light-emitting element. The light system passes through the first scattering surface formed by the optical axis of the first light emitting element and the optical axis of the light receiving element, and the first light emitting element emits light of the vertical polarizing surface to the first scattering surface; the light emitted from the second light emitting element And a second scattering surface formed by the optical axis of the second light emitting element and the optical axis of the light receiving element, and the second light emitting element emits light of the horizontal polarizing surface to the second scattering surface; the optical axis and the light receiving of the first light emitting element The intersection of the optical axes of the elements constitutes a first scattering angle, and the optical axis of the second illuminating element intersects the optical axis of the light receiving element to form a second scattering angle, wherein the second scattering angle is greater than the first scattering angle. Further, in the configuration of claim 9, the first scattering angle is 80 or less and the second scattering angle is 100 or more as described in the eighth application. Further, the structure of claim 10, as set forth in claim 5, includes a solid angle arrangement in which the respective optical axes of the plurality of light-emitting elements and the optical axis of the light-receiving element form substantially non-identical planes. In addition, the light-emitting element includes: a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element, and a fire determination unit, the fire determination unit, as described in any one of the claims. By comparing the amount of light received by the light-receiving element to determine whether or not a fire has occurred, the light-receiving element compares the amount of light received by the light-receiving element with respect to the light emitted by the first light-emitting element, and the light-receiving element is the second light-emitting element. The amount of light received by the emitted light, which is scattered by the smoke, identifies the type of the smoke, and determines whether or not a fire has occurred based on the judgment criteria of the type of the corresponding smoke. In addition, in the structure of claim 12, as described in claim 1, the intersection point of the optical axis of the light-emitting element and the optical axis of the light-receiving element in the smoke detecting space, the intersection point is set in the detector The body leaves about 5 mm or more. 1338870 In addition, in the scope of claim 1 of the scope of the patent application, the external surface of the detector U: in order to prevent the insect material, or to avoid at least the outer surface of the outer surface of the detector body, The range of the scope of the application for the scope of the patent application is as follows: 'The angle of view of the light-receiving element is 5 degrees:: Patent, in addition to the scope of item 15 of the scope of patent application, the light-emitting element is issued Patent. In addition, the structure of claim 16 of the scope of the patent application, the scope of the item i, further includes a logarithmic amplifier, a light-receiving signal output from the light-receiving element. ', - In addition, the construction of the scope of claim 17 is as According to the first aspect of the application, the method further includes an illumination control unit that controls the illumination signal to cause the illumination element to intermittently drive the illumination; and an amplification circuit that synchronizes with the control illumination signal to amplify the received light output from the optical element. In addition, the structure of claim 18, as described in item 17 of the patent application, further includes a lighting control unit, which controls one The optical signal causes the illuminating element to intermittently drive the illuminating, wherein the illuminating element emits light of a visible light wavelength band, and the illuminating control unit performs intermittent driving illuminating with an illuminating pulse width within 1 millisecond. The structure of item 19, as described in claim 18, the 'light-emitting control unit controls the intermittent driving of the light, and the total light-emitting time of the intermittent driving light is within 1 millisecond. Since the present invention is the smoke to the outside of the detector body The detection space emits light and receives light from the smoke detection space, so that smoke detection points can be set outside the detector body for smoke detection. Therefore, the replacement page can be saved on November 11th, 1999. It is not necessary to form a shape in which the conventional smoke treatment chamber is protruded, and the protruding portion can be formed into a flat and thin shape. Therefore, when a scattered light type smoke detector is disposed on the ceiling surface, the outside of the detector body on the side of the smoke detecting space can be The ceiling is generally flush and does not protrude out of the ceiling, but can be flat. In addition, since the ceiling can be fully Since the surface is designed and constructed flat, the quality of the interior design can be greatly improved. In addition, since the open space outside is used as the smoke detection space to detect the scattered light of the smoke, there is no conventional smoke treatment chamber that hinders the structure of the smoke inflow. The problem is that there is no delay in detecting the smoke of the fire. Furthermore, since the outside of the smoke detection space is open to the outside of the body of the open smoke detection space, the dust is not attached, and the dust can be eliminated. In addition, since the present invention is based on the amount of light received and its differential value for fire determination, it is possible to avoid erroneous actions when there are impurities such as insects in the smoke detecting space, and to eliminate smoke treatment. The present invention is a problem of the smoke detecting space. In addition, the present invention determines that the fire is determined when the received light amount exceeds a specific fire critical value and the differential value of the received light amount is equal to or less than a specific false positive threshold. This increase in smoke concentration due to fire causes a change in the amount of light received by impurities such as insects, which is slower in time. Therefore, even if the amount of received light reaches a fire level, it is not immediately judged as a fire, but the differential value is judged. The abnormal threshold value is used as a condition for judging a fire. Thereby, it is possible to further surely avoid erroneous actions when there are impurities such as insects in the smoke detecting space. Further, the present invention is based on the fact that the differential value exceeds a specific erroneous threshold value, and after a certain period of time, when the amount of received light exceeds a specific obstacle threshold value, it is judged to be an obstacle caused by impurities. This is caused by impurities such as insects, which can be classified into temporary and persistent. In November 1999, the replacement page insects were modified to cause temporary abnormal changes in the optical signal, and the differential value exceeded the abnormal threshold. After the value has elapsed, it is eliminated after a certain period of time. Therefore, when the received signal is below the threshold value of the obstacle after a certain period of time, it can be judged as non-obstacle. On the other hand, when the spider's nest and the net move and touch in the smoke detection space, even after a certain period of time, the received light signal continues to exceed the abnormal level of the obstacle threshold, and the detector cannot normally sense the fault state of the smoke. Therefore, by judging the state as an obstacle, the maintenance inspection of the probe can be performed. Further, the present invention determines that a fire has occurred when the amount of received light exceeds the first fire threshold for a period of time longer than the first set time and the amount of received light exceeds the second fire threshold for a second set time or longer. In a conventional scattered light smoke detector containing a smoke treatment chamber, when the smoke concentration of the fire changes, similar to the change in the smoke concentration outside the fire (such as cigarettes and cooking), it is necessary to distinguish the changes in the smoke concentration between the two. Difficulties. On the other hand, the scattered light type smoke detector of the present invention in the smokeless processing chamber has characteristics of distinguishing between the smoke of the fire and the smoke other than the fire, so as to distinguish the two types of smoke and prevent misjudgment. Further, the present invention includes a plurality of light-emitting elements, and can perform comprehensive judgment based on a plurality of received light amounts, and can further accurately perform fire determination. In addition, the present invention emits light to the light-receiving element at different scattering angles for the two light-emitting elements, and produces a difference in scattering characteristics depending on the type of smoke, and at the same time, the wavelength of the light emitted by the two light-emitting elements is different, resulting in a wavelength. The difference in scattering characteristics, by the effect of the difference between the scattering angle and the wavelength difference, causes a significant difference in the intensity of the scattered light due to the type of smoke, thereby improving the accuracy of the identification smoke. Even if the smoke detection space is outside, it is still unaffected by external light, and the smoke of the fire can be surely detected. Moreover, the heat of cooking and the smoke of cigarettes are prevented from being corrected by the replacement page. Moreover, even the smoke caused by the fire can surely identify the type of burning matter of the black smoke fire and the white smoke fire. In addition, the present invention produces a difference in scattering characteristics caused by the polarization direction by the polarizing surface for different scattering surfaces of the two light-emitting elements, and at the same time, the two light-emitting elements have different scattering angles due to the light-receiving elements. The difference characteristics of the type of scattering, by the difference between the difference in the polarization direction and the difference in the scattering angle, there will be significant differences in the intensity of the scattered light due to the type of smoke, so as to improve the accuracy of the recognition of the smoke. Even if the smoke detection space is outside, it is not affected by the external light, and the smoke of the fire can be surely detected. In addition, it does prevent non-fire reports caused by cooking heat and cigarette smoke. In addition, even in the case of fire, black smoke fires and white smoke fires can be identified, and the type of burning matter is indeed identified. In addition, since the present invention configures a plurality of light-emitting elements at a solid angle, the smoke detection point can be set to an outer space outside the detector body, and the smoke detection point is located at the intersection of the optical axis of the light-emitting element and the optical axis of the light-receiving element. For detecting scattered light of smoke. In addition, the present invention compares the amount of received light of the scattered light of the first illuminating element with the amount of received light of the scattered light for the second illuminating element, such as taking the ratio of the two and comparing it with the critical value to identify the smoke. According to the type, the fire judgment can be made based on the corresponding judgment criteria of the smoke type, and the comprehensive judgment can be made based on the number of received light, so that a more accurate fire detection can be performed. In addition, since the present invention separates the optical axis of the light-emitting element from the optical axis of the light-receiving element by more than 5 mm from the probe body, even if dust adheres to the outside of the probe body, or insects crawl on it, Affected. Further, the present invention constitutes the detection of at least a part of the outer surface of the page body by the insect escaping material or the like, and the insect is difficult to approach the outer surface, and the misjudgment can be prevented in advance. Further, in the present invention, by limiting the viewing angle of the light receiving element to within 5 degrees, the size of the area for detecting scattered light in the smoke detecting space is limited to the minimum necessary, and the influence of external light can be prevented. Further, the present invention limits the size of the area for detecting scattered light in the smoke detecting space to a minimum necessary by the collimated parallel light emitted from the light-emitting element, thereby preventing the influence of external light. Furthermore, the present invention amplifies the light sensing signal with a logarithmic amplifier. Thereby, when the external light is directly incident on the light receiving element, even if the output of the normal linear amplifier is saturated and the amplification function is lost, the light sensing amplification output can be made unsaturated, and the fire sensing can be stably performed. In addition, the present invention utilizes the control of the illuminating signal to intermittently drive the illuminating element to emit light, and synchronizes the illuminating signal to amplify the received light signal. Therefore, by controlling the light received in synchronization with the illuminating signal, it is possible to eliminate the misjudgment of the illumination object or the like, and it is possible to surely prevent the misjudgment caused by the external light. In addition, the present invention limits the illuminating time of the person to within 1 millisecond, and is limited to the illuminating time of the human visual sensitivity, thereby avoiding the naked eye from ignoring the illuminating portion of the detector. In addition, in the present invention, when the intermittent driving is performed, the intermittent lighting time is set within 1 millisecond, and is limited to the luminous time of the human visual sensitivity, thereby avoiding visually observing the light emitting portion in the detector. Flashing and ignoring. [Embodiment] First, a scattered light type smoke detector of the first embodiment will be described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a scattered light type smoke detector of the first embodiment. The structure of the scatter-type smoke detector 1 shown in Fig. 1 generally comprises: Detecting 13 1338870, November, 1999, tamper-replacement pager body 2, terminal block 3, process chamber base 4, light-emitting element 5, light-receiving element ό And a transparent cover 9. In the probe body 2, a terminal block 3 is provided, and a circuit board 8 is provided inside the terminal 3. A processing chamber base 4 is provided below the circuit board 8, and a light-emitting light-emitting element 5 and a light-receiving light-receiving element 6 are provided on the processing chamber base 4. The treatment is disposed below the base 4 with a body outer side 7 which is substantially flat in appearance, wherein a transparent cover 9 is provided on the outer side 7 of the body. In addition, the outer side 7 of the body has a light-emitting opening 5b and a light-receiving opening 6b. The light emitted from the element 5 can be emitted from the light-emitting opening 5b to the outside of the scattered-light detector 1; the light emitted by the smoke can be received from the light. The opening 6b is introduced into the light receiving element 6. The outer open space of the outer side of the main body 7 is provided with an intersection p which constitutes a smoke detecting point, that is, an optical axis intersection point p at which the optical axis of the light-emitting element 5 and the optical axis of the light-receiving element 6 intersect. Thus, a feature of the scattered light detector 丨 of the first embodiment is that the smoke detecting point is disposed outside the scattered light type smoke detector 1 because smoke detection is not required inside the scattered light type smoke detector 1 Space, so the conventional smoke processing chamber can be omitted. 2A shows that the detector base 11' of the scattered light type smoke detector 1 is disposed on the ceiling surface 10, and the scattered light type smoke detector 1 shown in Fig. 1 is disposed on the detector base 11. As shown in FIG. 2A, since the smoke processing chamber provided in the conventional scattered light type smoke detector is omitted from the scattered light type smoke detector 1, there is no protruding portion caused by the smoke processing chamber, and the entire scattered light type can be reduced. The thickness of the smoke detector can prevent the scattered light type smoke detector 1 from being protruded from the ceiling surface 10 to the lower side (so that the scattered light type smoke detector 1 hardly protrudes from the ceiling surface 10). Fig. 2B shows the detector base 11 being placed in the ceiling fascia, and the scatter-type smoke detector shown in Fig. 1 is embedded in the detector base 11 14 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 As shown in FIG. 2B, the lower plane of the diffused light smoke detector 1 (the outer side 7 of the body of FIG. 1 and the transparent cover 9) can be disposed substantially flush with the ceiling surface 10, and there is no smoke treatment chamber at all. It stands out, and it can realize a comprehensive flat ceiling construction. In particular, since the thickness of the entire scattered light smoke detector 1 is reduced because the need for a smoke treatment chamber is not required, the portion buried in the ceiling is smaller than that of the conventional device, and the scattered light smoke detection can be configured even in a narrow ceiling space. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the light-emitting element 5 of FIG. 1 and the processing chamber base 4 of the light-receiving element 6. As shown in FIG. 3, a light-emitting opening 5b and a light-receiving opening 6b are formed on the body outer side 7 of the smoke detecting side of the processing chamber base 4, and a light-emitting element 5 is disposed inside the light-emitting opening 5b, and is disposed inside the light-receiving opening 6b. Light-receiving element 6 (the light-emitting elements 5 and the light-receiving element 6 are not shown in Fig. 3). Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the entire smoke detecting portion of the processing chamber base 4 according to Fig. 3 (the transparent cover 9 is additionally shown by an imaginary line). In Fig. 4, above the processing chamber base 4 is a flat body outer side 7, on the outer side 7 of which a light-emitting opening 5b and a light-receiving opening 6b are provided, and a protective transparent cover 9 is provided. In addition, in the first embodiment, the smoke detecting point P is located outside the flat body outer side 7, but in the embodiment, the outer side 7 of the body may be set to be slightly curved or a suitable concave and convex shape as needed. . The light-emitting element 5 and the light-receiving element 6 are provided inside the processing chamber base 4, and the light-emitting optical axis 5a of the light-emitting element 5 and the light-receiving optical axis 6a of the light-receiving element 6 intersect the smoke detecting point P outside the main body outer side 7. At this time, the height of the smoke detecting point P from the outer side of the main body 7 to the intersection of the optical axes of the external space is h, although the height h can be arbitrarily set, but it is preferably set so that the attached matter does not affect the height of the smoke detection, even if There are interference factors outside the scattered light smoke detector 1 that cause smoke detection obstacles, such as the correction of the replacement page on the next day of November, 1999, L μ τ, π, and the replacement of the dust on the eve of the page body, etc. Also not to film, @^ test. In the case of the maximum height/= that is less prone to insect damage, the height of the scattered light detector is set to h=5mm or more. In addition, the processing room base 4 is not easy to use, and the misjudgment caused by immersion or stagnation on the outer side 7 of the body. In addition, the anti-yield yr=~' can be used, for example, to use diethyl broth; the remedy is the same as the scatter light detector 1 of the first embodiment, and the right side is shown in FIG. The structure of the scattered light type smoke detector 1 includes: 奚 奚 Η 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 烟 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用Amplifying circuit 19. The money is driven by the light-emitting control unit 18 to drive the light-emitting element 5 to illuminate; when the light emitted by the light-emitting element 5 is scattered by the scattered light 2, the detection point Ρ and its periphery are reflected by the smoke to generate 6 J. The piece 6 will receive the scattered light. The light receiving element 放大 amplifying circuit (logarithmic amplifier) 19 amplifies the wheel of 3 and the circuit 19 can output the received light 41 value threshold TM, so ^ signal processing; , ! 3 or with or without interference. If a certain condition is met, there is a safe signal to get out of the fire. In the case of the bamboo raft, the fire correction unit 16a provided in the signal processing unit 16 is configured to control the fire determination function. The fire determining unit 16a determines the fire based on the received light signal of the light receiving element 6 and its differential value. In other words, when the fire receiving unit 16a receives the received light signal A of the light receiving element 6 and exceeds the specific fire threshold TH1, and the differential value B of the received light signal A is equal to or less than the specific false positive threshold TH2, it is determined to be a fire. In addition, when the light receiving signal A of the light receiving element 6 exceeds the specific fire critical value TH1 and the differential value of the light receiving signal A exceeds the specific false positive threshold TH2, the fire determining unit 16a exceeds the specific false positive threshold TH2 when the differential value B exceeds the specific false positive threshold TH2. After a certain period of time T, it is judged whether the received signal A exceeds the specific obstacle threshold TH3, and when it is below the obstacle threshold TH3, it is judged to be a temporary obstacle, and the monitoring is continued. When the obstacle threshold TH3 is exceeded, it is judged as It is an obstacle caused by impurities. Fig. 6 is a timing chart of the light emission driving of the light emission control unit 18 of Fig. 5. As shown in FIG. 6, the illuminating pulse (A) represents the light emitted by the illuminating element 5 of FIG. 1, and the received signal (B) represents the light received by the light receiving element 6 of FIG. 1, and the synchronous received light signal (C) is represented by FIG. The light receiving signal obtained by the amplifying circuit 19 is obtained. In other words, the light-emission control unit 18 drives the light-emitting element 5 to control the light-emitting element 5 to emit light by repeating the pulse output pulse width T2 every cycle T1 as indicated by the light-emitting pulse (A). The amplifying circuit 19 corresponds to its synchronous control with the light-emission control unit 18, and obtains a synchronous light-receiving signal (C) in which the light-receiving signal (B) is synchronized with the light-emission of the control light-emitting element 5. At this time, the light-emitting period T1 is T1 = lsec, and the pulse width T2 of the light emission is T2 = 50 #sec. By controlling the light emission and the corresponding received light, the light-receiving signal generated by the incident light other than the smoke scattered light from the external smoke detecting space is subtracted, and only the scattered light of the smoke can be surely received. I. November, 1999, X. 曰 Correction replacement page In addition, since the light-emitting wavelength of the light-emitting element 5 is in the visible light field, the light-emitting time is limited to within lmsec in order to prevent the person from seeing intermittent light emission. That is, in order to allow the naked eye to recognize the light from the light-emitting element, it is necessary to exceed the continuous light-emitting time of the lmsec. Therefore, in order to let the person see the light-emitting element, the light-emitting time is limited to within the lmsec. The time of the illuminating pulse (a) of Fig. 6 is only three times of the total illuminating pulse time (pulse width T2x3 times). As in the above example, when T2 = 5 〇 V sec, the total time of the three illuminating pulses is 150 #sec, and since it is within lmsec, no illuminance is observed. Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the operation of the fire judging portion 16a of Fig. 5 by hardware. As shown in FIG. 7, the fire determining unit 16a having a hardware configuration is connected with a comparator 2A, a reference voltage source 21, a differentiating circuit 23, a comparator 25, a reference voltage source 24, a comparator 3A, and a reference. The voltage source 31, the monostable multi-turn oscillator 26, and the AND gate 27 2 29 are formed. The comparator 20 receives the received signal A of the light receiving element 6 amplified by the amplifying circuit 19, and compares with the specific fire threshold TH1 set by the reference voltage source 21, and generates when the level of the received signal A exceeds the fire threshold TH1. High level output (High output). Comparator 2's high level output is input to one of the AND gates 27. The comparator 30 inputs the received signal A of the light receiving element 6 amplified by the amplifying circuit 19, and compares with the obstacle threshold TH3 set by the reference voltage source 31. When the level of the received signal a exceeds the obstacle threshold ^H3, a high level is generated. Quasi-output. The high level output of comparator 30 is input to one of AND gates 28. Further, the optical signal A is differentiated by the differentiating circuit 23 to obtain a micro-scale 1338870, which is replaced by the comparator B, via the diode D1. The comparator 25 compares the specific abnormality threshold TH2 and the differential value B of the reference voltage source 24, and when the differential value B exceeds the abnormal threshold TH2, a high level output is generated. Further, since the diode D1 can obtain the differential signal having the positive polarity and the negative polarity from the differentiating circuit 23, only the differential value of the positive polarity therein can be taken out. The high level output of the comparator 25 is input to the single stable multispectral oscillator. The single stable multivibrator 26 is driven by receiving a high level output, and a high level output is generated from Q for a certain time T. The Q output of the one-stable multivibrator 26 is inverted input to the other of the AND gate 27. Therefore, by comparison of the comparator 25, when the differential value B exceeds the abnormal threshold TH2, the single-stable multivibrator 26 generates a high level output in the T1 time, and the AND gate 27 can prevent the comparator 20 from being at a high level. Fire detection signal. Further, since the differential value B of the comparator 25 is below the abnormal threshold TH2, the Q output of the one-stable multivibrator 26 is at the low level (Low level), so the AND gate 27 becomes the path state, and at this time, the comparison is made. The fire detection of the device 20 is output at a high level. The output of the AND gate 27 is input to one of the AND gates 29. The other side of the AND gate 29 is input in reverse with the output of the AND gate 28. The input of the AND gate 28 is the output of the comparator 30 and the inverted output of the one-stable multivibrator 26. Thus, the AND gate 28 detects the output of the comparator 30 for the obstacle detection, and in the state where the high level is continuously output, the comparator 25 outputs the high level, and the single-stable multivibrator 26 is reversed when the operation is turned off in the T time. The output becomes the path state, at which point the output of comparator 30 is output from AND gate 28, causing it to appear as an obstacle signal. In addition, the AND gate 28 outputs a high-level output barrier signal. 19 1338870 November 1999" multi-day correction replacement page. At this time, the reverse output of the AND gate 29 is turned off, and at this time, the high level output of the comparator 30 is blocked by the AND gate 29, and the output of the fire signal is blocked, and the disturbance signal is output. Fig. 8 is a timing chart showing the operation of the fire determining unit 16a when the fire smoke is received in Fig. 7. When the smoke of the fire is received, the light receiving signal A of the light receiving element 6 gradually increases as time increases as shown in Fig. 8(A), and exceeds the fire critical value TH1 at time t1. At this time, the output of the comparator 20 is at a high level, and since the AND gates 27 and 29 are in a path state, as shown in FIG. 8(C), the fire signal is at a high level, and the transmission circuit 15 of FIG. 5 is operated and sent out. Fire signal to signal receiver side. At this time, since the rise in the smoke concentration is relatively slow, the differential value B of the received signal A of the differential circuit 23 is a small differential value and does not exceed the abnormal threshold TH2. Fig. 9 is a timing chart in which the scattered light is temporarily increased by insects flying over the smoke detecting point P portion of the outer open space on the lower side of the outer side 7 of the body in the scattered light type smoke detector 1 of Fig. 1. When the scattered light is temporarily generated, as shown in FIG. 9(A), after the light-receiving signal A increases sharply, it returns to the normal level, and when the fire critical value TH1 is exceeded, as shown in FIG. 9(C). The output of the comparator 20 is at a high level. In addition, at this time, the differential value B of the differential circuit 23 of the received light signal A is greatly changed in the positive direction due to the rise of the received light signal A, and as shown in FIG. 9(B), the negative of the received light signal B is negative. A signal that changes dramatically in the direction. Then, when the value is largely changed in the positive direction, the abnormal threshold TH2 is exceeded, and as shown in Fig. 9(D), the comparator 25 produces a high level output. Therefore, as shown in (E) of Fig. 9, the Q output of the one-stable multivibrator 26 is at a high level. Therefore, even if the output of the comparator 20 is at a high level, the single-stable multi-turn correction of the Q-output of the pager 26 is a high level, and the output of the fire signal can be prevented by the AND gate 27. Therefore, even if an insect or the like temporarily passes through the smoke detecting point P of the external open space, it does not cause an erroneous action of outputting a fire signal. Further, the set time T of the one-stable multivibrator 26 can be set so as to sufficiently cover the impurity passage time. In the case where the foreign matter passes through the external smoke detecting point, in addition to the insect, for example, the fingertip of the person and the passage of the article are taken into consideration. Fig. 10 is a timing chart showing the fact that the outer side of the body near the smoke detecting point P in Fig. 1 has a spider web or the like stopped on the outer side 7. When the impurity is fixedly attached, as shown in Fig. 10(A), the received signal A greatly rises above the fire threshold TH1, and continues after the obstacle threshold TH3 is exceeded. As shown in (B) of Fig. 10, the differential value B output from the differentiating circuit 23 largely changes in the positive direction, and temporarily exceeds the abnormal threshold TH2. Therefore, the comparator 25 for abnormality detection also generates a high level output corresponding to the temporary increase of the differential value, causing the single stable multispectral oscillator 26 to operate, as shown in FIG. 10(E), the single stable multivibrator. 26 produces a high level output at a certain time T. Therefore, the AND gate 27 is turned off by the Q output of the one-stable multivibrator 26, and the high-level output of the AND gate 27 is not in the operation of the one-stable multivibrator 26. The single-stable multivibrator 26 is turned off after a certain period of time, and when the Q output becomes a low level, the open circuit of the AND gate 27 is released, and a high level output is generated, but at the same time, the high output is inverted to the single stable multivibrator 26. The input AND gate 28 is quasi-input and becomes the path state. The received signal A receives the high level output from the comparator 30 by the received signal A, and the AND gate 28 outputs the high level. At this time, the barrier signal (fault signal) is output. . At the same time, due to the open state, the break level is still formed, and the replacement gate of the AND gate 28 is corrected. The AND gate 29 prevents the output of the fire signal even if the high level output is obtained from the AND gate 27. FI s Ϊ ^ AND gate 28 is the high level of the output, the obstacle signal is given to the 报$ report circuit 15, and by the time of the fire, the "two-signal receiver" is displayed, and the display detector is displayed at the receiving end. The 2H7' of the smoke detecting side of the controller can eliminate the fault by removing the attached impurities or the like. The transmitting circuit 15 sends an obstacle signal to the signal receiver, for example, a signal form that the pulsed current flows only for a certain period of time. At this time, the output control of such fire signals and obstacle signals can be achieved by software logic in addition to the wiring logic of FIG. Fig. u is a flowchart showing the processing of the fire determining unit 16a provided in the signal processing unit 16 of Fig. 5 by program control. Further, by the program different from the fire judging process of Fig. u, the random value of the received signal A outputted from the amplifying circuit D and the differential value of the differentially received optical signal value differential processing can be repeatedly performed. In the fire determination processing of FIG. 11, first, in step SA1, it is checked whether or not the received light value A is equal to or greater than the specific fire threshold TH1, and when the fire threshold TH1 is exceeded, the process proceeds to step SA2, and it is checked whether the differential value B is a specific abnormality. The critical value is TH2 or more. When the differential value B is equal to or less than the abnormal threshold value TH2, the process proceeds to step SA3' where it is determined that the fire has occurred, and a determination output of the fire is generated. In step SA2, when the differential value B exceeds the abnormal threshold TH2, the routine proceeds to step SA4 to start the timer having the set time T. After the timer is started, the set time T is checked in step SA5 until the set time elapses, and the flow proceeds to step SA6, at which time it is checked whether the received light value A exceeds the obstacle threshold TH3. When the light-receiving value A is equal to or less than the obstacle threshold TH3, as shown in Fig. 9, the scattered light is temporarily increased. Therefore, the fire determination is not performed at this time. On the other hand, when the received light value A exceeds the obstacle critical value TH3, as shown in Fig. 10, the state of the abnormally received light signal is continuously obtained, so that the obstacle is judged in step SA7, and the determination output thereof is generated. Further, in the first embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5, since the light receiving output from the light receiving element 6 is amplified by the amplifying circuit 19 of the logarithmic amplifier, the fire can be further accurately judged. That is, when the general linear amplifier is used to amplify the received light output, in the environment of the disturbance light intensity, the output saturation may be amplified, and there is a risk of causing a fire to be reported. According to the first embodiment, the logarithmic amplifier is used to amplify the received light output, so that even if the strong disturbance light is incident on the light receiving portion, the output of the amplifier can be prevented from being saturated and the scattered light of the smoke cannot be detected. In addition, when the smoke scattered light is detected in an interference light environment by a logarithmic amplifier, although the amplitude of change of the amplified output of the smoke becomes small, since the differential value is improved by the differential value in the first embodiment, the S/N ratio is improved. And can judge the fire. Thus, in the first embodiment, the smoke processing chamber is omitted, and the scattered light smoke detector can be made to have a flat shape with few protrusions, and can be protruded from the ceiling surface without being completely flat. When the fire is wrong, the fire is wrong, and the interstitial value is measured. The worm is inspected and the smoke is in the middle of the light. In addition to smoking, it is possible to avoid this problem, 5 ο break the problem, and in addition, 'even if the amount of light reaches the fire level, it is not immediately judged to be a fire' and the differential value is determined below the abnormal threshold. The condition is judged to be a fire, and the erroneous action when there are impurities such as insects in the smoke detecting space can be further surely avoided. 23 1338870 November, 1999, the date of correction of the replacement page. In addition, if the differential value exceeds the abnormal threshold value, even if it has not been eliminated after a certain period of time, it is judged as an obstacle notification, and the maintenance inspection of the detector can be performed. In addition, since the smoke detecting point is set to be more than 5 mm from the detector body, even if dust or insects are attached to the outside of the probe body, it can be prevented from being affected. Further, by arranging at least a part of the outer side of the body of the probe body with the insect escaping material or the like, it is possible to prevent the insect from coming close to the outer surface, thereby preventing misjudgment. Further, by setting the viewing angle of the light-receiving element to within 5 degrees and minimizing the size of the area for detecting scattered light in the smoke detecting space, it is possible to prevent the influence of external light. In addition, by amplifying the received light signal with a logarithmic amplifier, it is possible to avoid saturation of the optical amplification output and to perform fire detection stably. Further, since the control light-emitting signal is used to intermittently emit light to drive the light-emitting element, and the light-receiving signal is amplified in synchronization with the control light-emitting signal, the self-detection object eliminates the illumination light of the misjudgment factor, and the misjudgment caused by the external light can be surely prevented. In addition, by setting the illuminating pulse width within 1 millisecond, the illuminating time of the non-inductive band in the human visual sense is suppressed, and the illuminating of the detector can be avoided by the naked eye. In addition, by setting the total illumination time when the intermittent illumination is driven within 1 millisecond, the illumination time of the non-inductance band is suppressed in the human visual sense, and the illumination of the detector can be avoided by the naked eye. . Next, the scattered light type smoke detector of the second embodiment will be described. The second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, however, 24 1338870
< . I 99年11月工）曰修正替換頁 在本體外側上發光元件之光轴與受光元件之光轴之部、 分係以特定角度夾角，與在本體外側上大致直線地配 置發光元件之光軸與受光元件之光軸之第一種實施例 不同。另外，第二種實施例之構造及方法，在特別說 明之部分，與第一種實施例相同，具有相同功能之構 成要素上註記與第一種實施例相同之名稱及/或相同 符號。 圖12係第二種實施例之散射光式煙探測器40(圖 上未顯示全體）之處理室底座41之斜視圖，該處理室 底座41之發光開口 42與受光開口 43配置成在本體外 侧7上以特定之角度夾角，在發光開口 42内部收納有 圖上未顯示之發光元件5，在受光開口 43内部收納有 圖上未顯示之受光元件6。 其次，詳細說明發光角度與受光角度之關係。另 外，本申請案係納入本件申請人於2002年1月11曰 先行提出之日本專利申請編號2002-4221之全部内 容，以下内容之一部分係揭示於該專利申請中者。 圖13A係以三維座標空間模式表示對應於設在圖 12之處理室底座41之發光部與受光部之設置位置之 光學性位置關係之圖。 圖13A中，以向量表示發光元件5之自發光點Ο 之發光光軸13，並以對於受光元件6之受光點Q之向 量，表示自位於外部開放空間之光軸交點P之散射光 入射之受光光軸14。此外，此等發光光軸13與受光 光軸14之夾角，將沿著發光光轴13之光因煙等散射， 形成沿著受光光軸14之光時之角度作為散射角0，散 射角（9之補角夾角6 ((9=180度一5)。 圖13A中，連結發光點Ο、光軸交點P及受光點 25 99年11月；日修正替換頁 Q之三角开j， I μ丁 “乃〜口政此甘換貝 假想^光風而係第二種實施例之散射光式煙檢測用之 平面（7乂平而、形成二角形〇pQ之面，係分別對χ> )及ΖΧ平面（垂直面）具有某個角度。< . I, November, 1999) 曰 Correction replacement page The optical axis of the light-emitting element on the outside of the main body and the optical axis of the light-receiving element are at an angle of a specific angle, and the light-emitting element is arranged substantially linearly on the outer side of the body. The optical axis is different from the first embodiment of the optical axis of the light receiving element. Further, the configuration and method of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the constituent elements having the same functions are denoted by the same names and/or the same symbols as those of the first embodiment. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the processing chamber base 41 of the scattered light type smoke detector 40 (not shown) of the second embodiment. The light-emitting opening 42 and the light-receiving opening 43 of the processing chamber base 41 are disposed outside the body. The light-emitting element 5 (not shown) is accommodated in the light-emitting opening 42 at an angle of a specific angle, and the light-receiving element 6 not shown in the figure is accommodated in the light-receiving opening 43. Next, the relationship between the light-emitting angle and the light-receiving angle will be described in detail. In addition, the present application is incorporated by reference in its entirety to the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire all Fig. 13A is a view showing an optical positional relationship corresponding to the installation position of the light-emitting portion and the light-receiving portion provided in the processing chamber base 41 of Fig. 12 in a three-dimensional coordinate space mode. In Fig. 13A, the light-emitting optical axis 13 of the self-luminous point Ο of the light-emitting element 5 is represented by a vector, and the vector of the light-receiving point Q of the light-receiving element 6 indicates the incident light from the intersection point P of the optical axis located in the external open space. Receiving the optical axis 14. Further, the angle between the light-emitting optical axis 13 and the light-receiving optical axis 14 is such that the light along the light-emitting optical axis 13 is scattered by smoke or the like, and the angle along the light-receiving optical axis 14 is formed as the scattering angle 0, and the scattering angle ( 9 complementary angle 6 ((9=180 degrees to 5). In Fig. 13A, the connected luminous point Ο, the optical axis intersection point P and the light receiving point 25 November 1999; the daily correction replacement page Q of the triangle opens j, I μ Ding "Nai ~ kouzheng this 换 换 ^ ^ 光 光 光 光 光 光 光 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 第二种 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射 散射The ΖΧ plane (vertical plane) has an angle.
轴上二i 了簡化說明，係配置成發光點0之對X 方向之投影點A，因此，發光光軸13之垂直 之料角Φ，此時成為X軸之角度。 與受ίΪ缸平面構成之水平面觀察發光光軸13 g光點0 時，如圖13B所示，投影點A對應於 軸點B對應於受光點Q。亦即，發光光 η'光車“4在水平方向係呈特定之失角《(水 干面上向上之失角α )。 因此’圖13Α、圖13Β中，若發光點。之座標為 丨，Cl，欠光點Q之座標為（a2, b2, C2)時，夾角^、 向角。及垂直方向之傾斜角Φ’係由以 下公式（1)〜(3)來表示。 [數1] COSS= ~_ aia2+^>A+c,c, νί +b\2 +c7 ^Ja22 +b22 +c22 公式（1) [數2] cosa= ~-aib\ +a2b^ \a|2 +by2 ^fa22 +b/ 公式（2) 26 1338870 99年1丨月日修正替換頁 [數3] tan φ = — αχ 公式（3) 如設定為垂直方向之傾斜角φ=3〇。，水 之夾^ = 120。時’ $角5 =97。。此外，將水平2向 上之夾角α设定巧，傾斜角φ設定為小=9.8。 時，夾角6=117°。 將具加以豎理叫 <，丨,卞讨水平面上之夾角α =120時之傾斜角φ=9·8°，30。，形成實際之夾角5 = 117% 97° ’不改變發光點〇與受光點Q之水平方向上 之位置時，若擴大垂直方向之傾斜角φ，反而獲得縮小 實際之夾角5之關係。當然，縮小垂直方向之傾斜备也 時，光軸交點0之高度降低，因此可更加薄型化。 依據圖13A、圖13B，自發光至受光之光軸之三 維關係，第二種實施例係將發光光軸13與受光光軸 14之夾角5形成約110°。對應於該夾角6 = ιι〇。之散 射角0則為0 = 180 ° 5 = 70 °。如此，形成夾角6 == 110° ( 0=70°)’係基於以下的理由；亦即，在散射 光式探測器之煙檢測部中有：（1)增加煙之散射光量， 及（2)減少煙種類之影響之兩個相反的要求。本發明人 係依據實驗與模擬求出散射角與對各種煙之散射光量 之關係（OPTIMIZATION OF SENSITIVITY CHARACTE RISTICS OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR TO VARIOUS SMOKES, Nagashima et al., Asia Oceania Fire Symposium，1998)。 27 1338870 99年11月；5日修正替換頁 圖14係顯示散射角：Θ ( =180° —（5 )與散射光 量之變化者，並將對於各種煙之散射角與散射光量之 關係，以習知之散射光式煙探測器之散射角=40°時， 濾紙之燻燒煙造成之散射光量為1時之相對比來顯 示。如圖所示，隨著散射角變大，散射光量變小，不 過，為了促進煙探測器之動作穩定，要確保習知之散 射光量之至少1/5之散射光量，並需要0 <90°。另 外，為了減少煙種類之影響，需要儘量增加對於圖15 所示之濾紙燻燒煙之煤油燃燒煙之輸出。對於煤油燃 燒煙之感應度，至少須為濾紙之感應度之1/7以上， 此時成為Θ >50°。其係EN規格及UL規格所定義之 各種火災試驗合格用之理想條件。滿足兩者之散射角 成為50° < 0 <90°。理想上最好0 = 70°。 如此，第二種實施例除與第一種實施例相同之效 果外，在將發光元件5之發光光軸13與受光元件6之 受光光軸14設定為夾角（5 =110°之狀態下，藉由以水 平面向上之夾角α及垂直面上之傾斜角φ之方式，埋入 發光元件5與受光元件6配置於處理室底座41内，即 使進行對煙粒子大小之感應度的影響小之最佳角度配 置，仍可抑制並減少光軸交點Ρ對煙之錯誤檢出量。 其次，說明第三種實施例之散射光式煙探測器。 該第三種實施例之散射光式煙探測器，大致上，其包 含兩個發光元件之部分，與僅設置一個發光元件之第 一種實施例及第二種實施例之散射光式煙探測器不 同。另外，第三種實施例之構造及方法，在特別說明 之部分中，與第二種實施例相同，在具有相同功能之 構成要素上註記與第二種實施例相同之名稱及/或相 同符號。 首先，就設置兩個發光元件之背景作說明。習知 28 1338870 99年11月》〉日修正替換頁 ⑽平11月沙it質佚只 之散射光式煙探測器，除火災引起之煙外，還會因烹 調之煙及浴室的熱氣等而發出非火災報。 ^ 為了防止此種火災以外之原因引起之非火災報， ，知的方法有：將兩種波長之光照射於煙檢測空間， 就煙之散射光’求出不同波長之光強度比，來判定煙 種類^方法；及照射對散射面垂直偏光面之光，與具 有水平偏光面之光，求出煙之散射光之各偏光成分之 光強度比’來判定煙種類之方法。 但是’使用此種習知之不同波長光及不同偏光面 ^光，來辨別煙種類之方法，對於識別火災之煙與火 災以外原因之烹調之煙及浴室熱氣等之準確度不足， 而進一步要求高度精確之煙識別。 —因，，第三種實施例除了廢除探測器内之煙處理 ί:小型薄型化之外，其目的之-在提高煙識 別之準確度，以確實防止非火災報。 ΙΑ ，說明第三種實施例之散射光煙探測器。圖 6係第三種實施例之散射光煙探 =煙 =/〇。之構造，大致上包含以^ 1:及Γ1。(圖16中未顯示)、受光元‘ 11及透明5蒦盍116。另外，除特別說明之部分， 體112、端子盤113、處理室底座114、第一 ί 受光元4111 *透明護蓋116，分^可 發光元件5、受光元件6及透明護 第一發光元件110可盘發光元件同構成， 成。 /、贽元兀件5具有實質相同的組 此時，在處理室底座114中收納有··數個發光之 29 1338870 I卯年11月曰修正替換頁 ，一發光元件109及第二發光元件】〗〇，以及受光之 焚光元件111。此外，在本體外側118形成有··自第一 發光元件109及第二發光元件ι1〇發射之光，射出至 散射光式煙探測器100外部用之兩個發光開口 ll〇b (圖16中僅顯示一個發光開口】〇9b);及將如此 射出而被煙散射之光導入受光元件ln用之受光開口 111b。在該本體外側118更下方之外部開放空間設有 煙檢測點P，其係第一發光元件1〇9及第二發光元件 110之光軸與受光元件111之光轴交點p。 將設置散射光式煙探測器1〇〇之探測器底座（未 顯示）設置於天花板面（未顯示），在該探測器底座上 設置圖16之散射光式煙探測器1〇〇時，與第一種實施 例之圖2A同樣地，沒有因設置煙處理室而突出之部 分’可在天花板面幾乎為隱藏式地設置散射光式煙探 測器100。 十外，將探測器底座設置於天花板面内，並在該 探測器底座上埋設散射光式煙探測器1〇〇時，亦與第 一種實施例之圖2B同樣地，散射光式煙探測器j⑼ ^下面（圖16之本體外側ι18及透明護蓋116)與天 花板面成為相同平面，而完全不突出，可實現全面平 坦之天花板構造。特別是埋入天花板内之部分比習知 者小，即使在狹窄之天花板空間内仍可配置散 煙探測器100。 m八 圖17係立體圖顯示第一發光元件1〇9、 元件110及受光元件U1用之處理室底座114之斜視 圖。圖π中，在處理室底座114之本體外侧118形 有第一發光開口 l〇9b、第二發光開口 11〇b及受 二個1 口内部震入圖16之第一發光元件 109、第一發先件110及受光元件m (此等各元件 I 99年11月丄）日修正替換頁 在圖17中並未顯示）。 圖18係使用圖17之處理室底座114’取立體角 配置之整個煙檢測部之剖面圖（通過第一發光開口 109b與受光開口 mb剖面之剖面圖。另外，以假枳線 表示透明護蓋116)。該圖18中，處理室底座U4 ^上 部成為平坦之本體外側118，形成有第一發光開口 109b、第二發光開口 110b及受光開口 Ulb，並設置有 保護用之透明護蓋116。 在處理室底座114之内部裝入有··第一發光元件 109、第二發光元件110(圖18中未顯示）及受光元 件111，第一發光元件109之光軸109a、第二發光元 件U 0之光軸11 〇a (圖i 8 _未顯示）及受光元件^ η 之光軸11 la相交在本體外側118外之開放煙檢測空間 之煙檢測點P上。 此時，自本體外側118至外部空間之光軸交點之 測點P之高度h，與第一種實施例同樣地，宜設 體外側7之附著物不致影響煙檢測之高度較 佳設定為h=5mm以上。 19係第三種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之電 圖19中，散射光式煙探測器1〇〇之構造包含： =電路102、使肖CPU之訊號處理部1〇3、記憶部 士 V, 一發光控制部105、第二發光控制部1〇6、放 it1:7上煙檢測部108。另外，除特別說明之部 笛一欢1發報電路102、訊號處理部103、記憶部104、 部1{)5、放大電路107及煙檢測部108 ^Ϊ6 施例（圖υ之發報電路15、訊號處理 i測部f iti7、發光控制部18、放大電路19及煙 可與i 二5實質相同的組成’第二發光控制部106 T與圖1之發光控制部18具有實質相同的組成。 1338870 99年丨1月y日修正替換頁 煙檢測部108之構造包含：第一發光元、 第一發光元件110及受光元件111。此等第一發光元件 109、第一發光元件11 〇及受光元件111係配置成此等 之光軸相交在設於探測器外部之開放空間之煙檢測點 P 上。 .· 圖20A顯示第一發光元件109及第二發光元件 110之發光光軸109a，110a與受光元件之受光光軸 111a之立體角配置。 此等發光光軸109a，110a及受光光軸ina相交之 煙檢測點P，位於圖17之處理室底座114之本體外側 118外側之開放煙檢測空間，反之，第一發光元件 109、第一發光元件11 〇及受光元件i丨丨係配置於處理 室底座114内。 圖20B顯示第一發光元件109之所在A點與受光 元件111之C點間之立體角配置。此時，以三角形ρ〇Α 代表第一發光元件109之A點之發光光軸109a及受光 元件111之C點之受光光轴iiia之所在的平面。第一 發光元件109之第一散射角0 !係三角形pCA之發光 光軸109a與受光光軸Ula之夾角。 圖20C顯示第一發光元件11 〇所在之b點與受光 元，ill之c點間之立體角配置。此時，發光光軸11〇a 與受光光轴111a位在於三角形ρ^Β之平面，發光光 軸ll〇a與受光光軸ma形成散射角θ2。 此時，為了便於說明因此以圖2〇a至圖2〇c之立 體配置之煙檢測部108之構造說明之。而如圖21所示 係假定第一發光元件109、第二發光元件11〇及受光 元件111之光軸位在相同平面來說明如下。 圖21中，第一發光元件109之發光光軸109a與 32 1338870 99年11月 日修正替換頁 受光元件111之受光光軸Ilia之交點P之第一散射角 θ 1 ’在本實施例中係設定為θ = 30。。此外，第一發 光元件109使用近紅外線LED，自第一發光元件109 發射之光’本實施例設定其中心波長λ 1 = 9〇〇nm(=0.9 /z m)。 對於此種第一發光元件109，在第三種實施例中 進一步設置第二發光元件110。第二發光元件u〇之發 光光軸110a與受光元件hi之交點p之第二散射角0 2’比第一發光元件1〇9與受光元件m之第一散射角 <91大（02〉01)。本實施例中，第二散射角θ 2 = 120。。 此外，第二發光元件110使用可視光LED，自第 二發光元件110發射光時，本實施例設定中心波長λ2 比第一發光元件109之波長λ 1短，在本實施例中， λ 2 = 500nm(=0.5 以 m)。 再者，第一發光元件1〇9及第二發光元件丨1〇較 4圭，使用發射準直平行光之雷射二極體等。此外，受 光兀1 111宜使用對煙檢測點p之視野角為5度以 下。形成此種視野角時，接收僅來自限定將煙檢測點 P為中心之煙檢測空間之光，減少煙之散射光以外之 =擾光入射^受光部之光量，可將外光之影響抑制在 最小限度。藉由此構造，散射光煙探測器可降低因照 =光及太陽之反射光等之干擾光造成錯誤動作。此 卜，由於可抑制干擾光受光量，因此可降低圖19之放 大電路107達到飽和位準之危險性。 -22係顯示受光視野角與視野面積之關係圖，橫 与、|31高度之天花板面上設置散射光煙探測 f來進仃監視時之該散射光煙探測器之視野角，縱轴 又不該散射光煙探測器之視野包含之地板之面積··（視 33 1338870 年11月之3日修正替換苜 野面積）。如圖22所示，視野角為5 約為2200cm2，視野角為20度時，視野面穑绐蛊 38〇〇〇cm2。如此，干擾光之受光量，如假定室内'之^ 明光等均一時，因該面積比而變大，隨著視野角增大’、，、 圖19之放大電路1〇7達到飽和位準之危險性係以8二」 函數急遽增加。 “ 一认 此外，從減少干擾光之影響之意義上，受光之視 野角宜較小，不過使用附透鏡光的二極體及 $為受光元件111日夺，視野角在5度以内係必要：條 件。此外，視野角較窄時，煙散射光之受光量 =，S/N比變差。基於此，受光之視野角宜在5度以 邦μ Ϊ i3係就散射角Θ顯示在圖16至圖21之煙檢測 中，將使綿燈芯燻燃時產生之燻燃煙（白色煙）The on-axis ii is simplified and is arranged as the projection point A of the illuminating point 0 in the X direction. Therefore, the vertical material angle Φ of the illuminating optical axis 13 becomes the angle of the X-axis at this time. When the light-emitting axis 13 g light spot 0 is observed with respect to the horizontal plane formed by the plane of the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 13B, the projection point A corresponds to the axis point B corresponding to the light-receiving point Q. That is, the illuminating light η 'light car "4 has a specific angle of loss in the horizontal direction" (the upward angle of loss α on the water dry surface). Therefore, in Fig. 13 Α and Fig. 13 ,, if the illuminating point is the 丨, Cl, when the coordinates of the under-light point Q are (a2, b2, C2), the angle ^, the angle of inclination, and the inclination angle Φ' of the vertical direction are expressed by the following formulas (1) to (3). COSS= ~_ aia2+^>A+c,c, νί +b\2 +c7 ^Ja22 +b22 +c22 Formula (1) [Number 2] cosa= ~-aib\ +a2b^ \a|2 +by2 ^fa22 +b/ Formula (2) 26 1338870 99 years 1 month correction replacement page [number 3] tan φ = — αχ Equation (3) If set to the vertical direction inclination angle φ=3〇., water clip ^ = 120. When '$ angle 5 = 97.. In addition, set the angle α of the horizontal 2 upwards, and set the inclination angle φ to be small = 9.8. When the angle is 6 = 117°, the angle is called <;, 丨, begging angle on the horizontal plane α = 120 when the inclination angle φ = 9 · 8 °, 30., the actual angle formed 5 = 117% 97 ° ' does not change the horizontal direction of the luminous point 受 and the receiving point Q When the position is above, if the inclination angle φ of the vertical direction is enlarged, the actual clip is reduced. Of course, when the inclination of the vertical direction is reduced, the height of the intersection of the optical axes is lowered, so that the thickness can be made thinner. According to Figs. 13A and 13B, the three-dimensional relationship between the self-illumination and the optical axis of the light receiving, the second type The embodiment forms an angle 5 between the illuminating optical axis 13 and the light receiving optical axis 14 by about 110. Corresponding to the included angle 6 = ιι 〇, the scattering angle 0 is 0 = 180 ° 5 = 70 °. Thus, the angle 6 is formed. == 110° (0=70°)' is based on the following reasons; that is, in the smoke detecting portion of the scattered light detector, there are: (1) increasing the amount of scattered light of the smoke, and (2) reducing the type of the smoke. The two opposite requirements of the influence. The inventors determined the relationship between the scattering angle and the amount of scattered light for various cigarettes based on experiments and simulations (OPTIMIZATION OF SENSITIVITY CHARACTE RISTICS OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR TO VARIOUS SMOKES, Nagashima et al., Asia Oceania Fire Symposium, 1998). 27 1338870 November 1999; 5th revised replacement page Figure 14 shows the scattering angle: Θ (=180° - (5) and the amount of scattered light, and the scattering angle for various smokes The relationship between the amount of scattered light When the scattering angle of the conventional scattered light type smoke detector is 40°, the relative ratio of the amount of scattered light caused by the smoked smoke of the filter paper is 1. As shown in the figure, as the scattering angle becomes larger, the amount of scattered light becomes smaller. However, in order to promote the stability of the operation of the smoke detector, it is necessary to ensure the amount of scattered light of at least 1/5 of the amount of conventional scattered light, and it is required to be 0 < 90°. . In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the type of smoke, it is necessary to increase the output of the kerosene combustion smoke for the filter paper smoked smoke shown in Fig. 15. For the induction of kerosene combustion smoke, it must be at least 1/7 of the sensitivity of the filter paper, and it becomes Θ > 50° at this time. It is an ideal condition for the various fire tests defined by the EN and UL specifications. The scattering angle satisfying both is 50° < 0 < 90°. Ideally, 0 = 70°. Thus, the second embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment, in which the light-emitting optical axis 13 of the light-emitting element 5 and the light-receiving optical axis 14 of the light-receiving element 6 are set at an angle (5 = 110°). The light-emitting element 5 and the light-receiving element 6 are disposed in the processing chamber base 41 so as to have a small influence on the size of the smoke particle by the angle α between the horizontal surface and the inclination angle φ on the vertical surface. The optimal angle configuration can still suppress and reduce the amount of false detection of the smoke at the intersection of the optical axis. Next, the scattered light smoke detector of the third embodiment will be described. The scattered light smoke detector of the third embodiment In general, it comprises a portion of two light-emitting elements, which is different from the first embodiment in which only one light-emitting element is provided and the light-scattering smoke detector of the second embodiment. In addition, the configuration of the third embodiment and In the part of the special description, as in the second embodiment, the same names and/or the same symbols as those of the second embodiment are noted on the constituent elements having the same function. First, two light-emitting elements are provided. The background is explained. Xizhi 28 1338870 November 1999 》 】 Day correction replacement page (10) Ping November sand it 佚 散射 scatter light smoke detector, in addition to fire caused by smoke, but also due to cooking smoke and A non-fire report is issued for the heat of the bathroom. ^ In order to prevent non-fire reports caused by causes other than such fires, the method of knowing is: illuminating the smoke detection light with two wavelengths of light, The light intensity ratio of different wavelengths is used to determine the type of smoke method; and the light of the vertical polarizing surface of the scattering surface is irradiated with the light having the horizontal polarizing surface, and the light intensity ratio of each polarized component of the scattered light of the smoke is determined. The method of determining the type of smoke. However, the method of using the different wavelengths of light and different polarized surfaces to identify the type of smoke is used to identify the smoke of the fire and the heat of cooking and the heat of the bathroom. Insufficient, and further requires highly accurate smoke identification. - Because, the third embodiment, in addition to abolishing the smoke treatment in the detector ί: small and thin, its purpose - to improve the accuracy of smoke identification To prevent the non-fire report. ΙΑ, the scattered light smoke detector of the third embodiment is illustrated. Fig. 6 is a structure of the third embodiment of the scattered light smoke detector = smoke = / 〇. 1: and Γ1 (not shown in Fig. 16), the light receiving unit '11, and the transparent light 蒦盍116. In addition, the body 112, the terminal block 113, the processing chamber base 114, and the first illuminating element 4111 are provided unless otherwise specified. * The transparent cover 116, the divided light-emitting element 5, the light-receiving element 6, and the transparent protective first light-emitting element 110 can be composed of the same as the disk-emitting element, and the / elementary element 5 has substantially the same group. In the chamber base 114, there are a plurality of light-emitting elements 29, 1338, 870, the first November, 曰 correction replacement page, a light-emitting element 109 and a second light-emitting element, and a light-receiving element 111. Further, light emitted from the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element ι1〇 is formed on the outer side 118 of the body, and is emitted to the two light-emitting openings 11〇b for external use of the scattered-light smoke detector 100 (FIG. 16). Only one light-emitting opening 〇9b) is displayed; and the light that is thus emitted and scattered by the smoke is introduced into the light-receiving opening 111b for the light-receiving element ln. The outer open space below the outer side 118 of the body is provided with a smoke detecting point P which is an intersection point p between the optical axis of the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the second light-emitting element 110 and the optical axis of the light-receiving element 111. A detector base (not shown) provided with a diffused light type smoke detector 1 is disposed on a ceiling surface (not shown), and when the scattered light type smoke detector of FIG. 16 is disposed on the detector base, 2A of the first embodiment, similarly, there is no portion that protrudes due to the provision of the soot processing chamber. The scattered light type smoke detector 100 can be disposed almost concealed on the ceiling surface. Tenth, when the detector base is placed in the ceiling surface, and the scattered light type smoke detector 1 is buried on the detector base, the scattered light smoke detection is also performed as in the case of FIG. 2B of the first embodiment. The j (9) ^ below (the outer side of the main body ι 18 and the transparent cover 116 of Fig. 16) and the ceiling surface are flush with each other, and are not protruded at all, so that a fully flat ceiling structure can be realized. In particular, the portion buried in the ceiling is smaller than the conventional one, and the smoke detector 100 can be disposed even in a narrow ceiling space. M8 Fig. 17 is a perspective view showing the first light-emitting element 1〇9, the element 110, and the processing chamber base 114 for the light-receiving element U1. In the figure π, a first light-emitting opening l〇9b, a second light-emitting opening 11〇b, and a first light-emitting element 109 in FIG. 16 are internally formed on the outer side 118 of the processing chamber base 114. The hair replacement member 110 and the light-receiving member m (these components are corrected for the date of November 1999) are not shown in Fig. 17). Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire smoke detecting portion in a solid angle arrangement using the processing chamber base 114' of Figure 17 (a cross-sectional view through the first light-emitting opening 109b and the light-receiving opening mb. Further, the transparent cover is indicated by a false twist line. 116). In Fig. 18, the upper portion of the processing chamber base U4 is a flat main body 118, and a first light-emitting opening 109b, a second light-emitting opening 110b, and a light-receiving opening Ulb are formed, and a protective transparent cover 116 is provided. The first light-emitting element 109, the second light-emitting element 110 (not shown in FIG. 18), and the light-receiving element 111 are incorporated in the processing chamber base 114, and the optical axis 109a and the second light-emitting element U of the first light-emitting element 109 are incorporated. The optical axis 11 〇 a (Fig. i 8 _ not shown) and the optical axis 11 la of the light receiving element η intersect at the smoke detecting point P of the open smoke detecting space outside the body outer side 118. At this time, the height h of the measuring point P from the outer side 118 of the main body to the intersection of the optical axes of the external space is the same as that of the first embodiment, and it is preferable that the height of the attached body 7 does not affect the height of the smoke detection. = 5mm or more. In the electric diagram 19 of the scattered light type smoke detector of the third embodiment, the structure of the scattered light type smoke detector 1 includes: = circuit 102, signal processing unit 1〇3 of the CPU, memory unit The V, the light emission control unit 105, the second light emission control unit 1〇6, and the IT1:7 smoke detection unit 108. In addition, except for the special description, the flute 1 report circuit 102, the signal processing unit 103, the memory unit 104, the unit 1 {) 5, the amplifier circuit 107, and the smoke detecting unit 108 are configured (the report circuit 15 of FIG. The signal processing i measuring unit f iti7, the light emission control unit 18, the amplifying circuit 19, and the composition that the smoke can be substantially the same as the i ii 5 have substantially the same composition as the light emission control unit 18 of Fig. 1. The structure of the corrected replacement page smoke detecting unit 108 of January january january includes: a first illuminating element, a first illuminating element 110, and a light receiving element 111. The first illuminating element 109, the first illuminating element 11, and the light receiving element The 111 series is arranged such that the optical axes intersect at the smoke detecting point P of the open space provided outside the detector. Fig. 20A shows the light emitting optical axes 109a, 110a of the first light emitting element 109 and the second light emitting element 110. The light-receiving optical axis 111a is disposed at a solid angle of the light-receiving optical axis 111a. The smoke detecting points P intersecting the light-emitting optical axes 109a, 110a and the light-receiving optical axis ina are located in the open smoke detecting space outside the body outer side 118 of the processing chamber base 114 of FIG. Conversely, the first illuminating element The member 109, the first light-emitting element 11 and the light-receiving element are disposed in the processing chamber base 114. Fig. 20B shows a solid angle arrangement between the point A of the first light-emitting element 109 and the point C of the light-receiving element 111. The triangle ρ 代表 represents the plane of the light-emitting optical axis 109a of the point A of the first light-emitting element 109 and the light-receiving optical axis iiia of the point C of the light-receiving element 111. The first scattering angle of the first light-emitting element 109 is 0! The angle between the light-emitting optical axis 109a of the triangle pCA and the light-receiving optical axis U1a is shown. Fig. 20C shows the solid angle arrangement between the point b of the first light-emitting element 11 and the light-receiving element, point c of the ill. At this time, the light-emitting optical axis 11 〇a and the light receiving optical axis 111a are located on the plane of the triangle ρ^Β, and the light emitting optical axis 〇a forms a scattering angle θ2 with the light receiving optical axis ma. At this time, for convenience of explanation, FIG. 2A to FIG. The configuration of the three-dimensionally arranged smoke detecting portion 108 will be described. As shown in Fig. 21, it is assumed that the optical axis positions of the first light-emitting element 109, the second light-emitting element 11A, and the light-receiving element 111 are on the same plane as follows. , the light-emitting optical axis 109a of the first light-emitting element 109 and 32 1338870 The first scattering angle θ 1 ' of the intersection P of the light receiving optical axis Ilia of the replacement page light receiving element 111 is set to θ = 30 in the present embodiment. In addition, the first light emitting element 109 uses near infrared rays. LED, light emitted from the first light-emitting element 109' This embodiment sets its center wavelength λ 1 = 9 〇〇 nm (= 0.9 / zm). For such a first light-emitting element 109, in the third embodiment The second light emitting element 110 is disposed. The second scattering angle 0 2' of the intersection p of the light-emitting optical axis 110a of the second light-emitting element u and the light-receiving element hi is larger than the first scattering angle <91 of the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the light-receiving element m (02> 01). In this embodiment, the second scattering angle θ 2 = 120. . In addition, the second light-emitting element 110 uses a visible light LED. When the light is emitted from the second light-emitting element 110, the center wavelength λ2 of the present embodiment is set shorter than the wavelength λ1 of the first light-emitting element 109. In the present embodiment, λ 2 = 500 nm (= 0.5 in m). Further, the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the second light-emitting element 丨1〇 are used, and a laser diode that emits collimated parallel light or the like is used. Further, the aperture 1 111 should preferably use a viewing angle of 5 degrees below the smoke detection point p. When such a viewing angle is formed, light from only the smoke detecting space centering on the smoke detecting point P is received, and the amount of light incident on the light receiving portion other than the scattered light of the smoke is reduced, and the influence of the external light can be suppressed. Minimal. With this configuration, the scattered light detector can reduce the malfunction caused by the interference light such as the light and the reflected light of the sun. Therefore, since the amount of light received by the disturbance light can be suppressed, the risk that the amplification circuit 107 of Fig. 19 reaches the saturation level can be reduced. The -22 series shows the relationship between the viewing angle of the light receiving field and the area of the field of view. The horizontal and the ceiling of the |31 height are provided with the scattered light detecting f to monitor the viewing angle of the scattered light detector when the monitoring is performed, and the vertical axis is not The area of the floor covered by the field of view of the scattered smoke detector is (replacement of the replacement of the wilderness area on November 3, 1333, 1987). As shown in Fig. 22, when the viewing angle is 5 is about 2200 cm 2 and the viewing angle is 20 degrees, the viewing angle is 38 〇〇〇 cm 2 . In this way, if the amount of light received by the disturbance light is assumed to be uniform due to the area ratio, the area ratio increases, and the amplification circuit 1〇7 of FIG. 19 reaches the saturation level. The danger is increased by the 8 second function. In addition, in the sense of reducing the influence of the interference light, the viewing angle of the received light should be small, but the diode with the lens light and the light-receiving element 111 are used, and the viewing angle is within 5 degrees: In addition, when the viewing angle is narrow, the amount of light absorbed by the smoke is reduced, and the S/N ratio is deteriorated. Based on this, the viewing angle of the received light should be 5 degrees, and the scattering angle Θ is shown in Fig. 16. In the smoke detection to Figure 21, the smoked smoke (white smoke) generated when the cotton wick is ignited
If自第一發光元件109及第二發光元件110 之先之政射效率I。橫軸表示散射角β (0=〇。〜18〇 )’縱軸表示對數座標之散射效率I。 來^第-發光元件1G9之發光為第—波長λ卜 光元件111側之散射效率為特性曲線2〇。 — 50〇nmi第二發光元件U〇之發光為第二波長λ2 =0〇nm時，受光元件⑴側之散射效率為特性曲線 之曲線2〇, 21 ’首先觀察自發光元件發射 一^^^^^^ 線散射效率低’來自第二波長入】 線：::ίί短之第二發光元件丨10之光之特性* 另外對於第-發光元件1()9及第二發光元件u〇 34 1338870 99年丨1月曰修正替換頁 之各散射效率之特性曲線20, 2ί之散射角匕， 兩方均顯示散射角Θ愈小，散射效率愈高，隨著散射 角之增加，散射效率降低，在12〇。處顯示最低值，不 過，隨著而後散射角之增加，散射效率上昇之特性。 該第三種實施例中，第一發光元件1〇9之散射角 θ 1設定為0 l=3(T ’因此，特性曲線2〇之pi點之散 射效率Α卜另外，就第二發光元件11〇之第二散射角 Θ2設定為120°，因而其特性曲線21之p2點之 效率A2。 ” 來自此種第一發光元件109及第二發光元件u〇 之散射角及波長不同之光之散射效率，其受光元件U1 之义光里為（受光1)=(發光量）χ(受光效率）， ^此可獲得與圖23之散射效率I成正比之受光訊號 〇 該第三種實施例中，求出自第一發光元件109與 uo之各光因相同煙變成之散射光及受 U獲得之受光量，比率為R。由於受光量之 f ，、散射效率成正比，因此係依R=A1/A2來求 j射效率Al，A2。而後藉由預定該比率R，並與臨 界值比較’來判斷煙之種類。 :目丨μ Ϊ 24係就散射角0顯示依據圖16至圖21之煙檢 二σ構，將燃燒煤油時產生之辦燒煙（ 象’來自第-發光元件丨09 ‘及;3光= 之光之散射效率I。 κ % 長a 第一發光元件109之發光為第一波 ϊ來=自第二，光ί散射效率1為特性曲線.另 5〇η來”了&先凡件U。之發光為第二波長入2 = nm時，光之散射效率[為特性曲線23。 35 1338870 99年11月日修正替換頁 依據圖24之圖示法，與圖23之綿燈芯之煙相類 似地，自第一波長；I l = 900nm之第一發光元件109發 射之光之散射效率之特性曲線22下降時，反之，自第 二發光元件110發射第二波長λ 2= 500nm之短波長光 之散射效率之特性曲線23顯示散亂效率值較大。 此外，圖24的散射效率對散射角（9之變化與圖 23相同，顯示特性曲線22, 23均係散射角0愈小則散 射效率愈高，散射角6»約120°時顯示最低值後，對於 散射角0之增加，散射效率上昇之特性。 就此種煤油之燃燒煙，就特性曲線22觀察第一發 光元件109之第一散射角（9 1=30°時，P3點之散射效 率為ΑΓ。此外，就第二發光元件110，由於第二散射 角0 2=120°，因此對應到特性曲線23之P4點之散射 效率A2’。 散射效率Al’，A2’與圖23相同，由於散射效率與 發光量乘以受光效率之受光量成正比，因此，此時亦 係使用散射效率ΑΓ, A2’，並依R=A1’/A2’求出自 第一發光元件109與第二發光元件110發射之光之受 光元件111之受光量之比R。 圖25係以圖23及圖24之綿燈芯之燻燒煙與煤油 之燃燒煙為例顯示之一覽表，第一發光元件109之受 光訊號量A1、第二發光元件110之受光訊號量A2及 各訊號量之比率R。另外，由於受光訊號量與散射效 率成正比，因此使用圖23及圖24之散射效率I之值。 從圖25之一覽表可知，燃燒綿燈芯時成為帶白色 之煙之燻燒煙，其來自第一發光元件109之光與來自 第二發光元件110之光之受光訊號量之比率R= 8.0。 反之，燃燒煤油時成為帶黑色之煙之燃燒煙，其 36 1338870 99年丨丨月日修正替換頁 來自第一發光元件109與第二發光元件11〇之光之受 光訊號量之比率為r==2.3。 因此，成為帶白色之煙之燻燒煙與成為帶黑色之 煙之燃燒煙，來自第一發光元件1〇9之光與來自第二 發光元件110之光之受光訊號量之比率間^生極大差 ^，例如比率R設定臨界值=6，作為判斷煙種類用之 臨界值，即可自發生火災時之煙識別是燻燒煙或燃 煙。 另外’水蒸氣及熱氣等中，由於粒子徑遠比煙粒 f大，因此圖23及圖24之散射角0小時之散射效率 遠比火災時之煙高，來自成為第一散射角01之第一 發光元件109之光之受光訊號量極大，來自第二發光 元件110之第二散射角0 2=120。之光之受光訊號量， 其比率R在10以上。 因而，就來自第一發光元件1〇9之光之受光訊號 量與來自第二發光元件11〇之光之受光訊號量之比率 R，設定臨界值=1〇，超過臨界值時，可判斷為水蒸氣 及熱氣等之非火災。 μ 這一點就香菸之煙亦同，對於比率R之臨界值為 10時，由於香菸之煙之比率R可獲得1〇以上之較大 值’因此同樣地可判斷為非火災。 圖26係包含圖16至圖21之煙檢測部之圖19之 電路方塊之火災感測處理流程圖，並藉由訊號處理部 103之CPU程式控制來實現。 火災感測處理時，通常僅發光驅動第一發光元件 109’而在來自第一發光元件1〇9之光之受光位準超過 严警之特定臨界值時’發光驅動第二發光元件11()， 從兩者光之受光訊號量之比率來判斷火災。 37 99年11月曰修正替換頁 閉、 丨 ，， 扣干II月y日修正替換貝 圖26中’首先步驟SB卜將 ^ ί ?1 T L· f〇9 ： 機保光元：弋件109之發光驅動，隨 求^八H方t記憶广104卜同時依據受光資料A1 出微分值B並記憶於記憶部丨04中。 例中ί時，圖19之第一發光控制部105與第一種實施 衝之；：於圖j5 ’同樣地’發光驅動時係以發光脈 伞式，反覆母周期T1脈衝輸出脈衝寬度τ2而發 發光元# ’，來進行控制發光，對應於 的動作，放大電路1〇7會有受光訊號，亦取得與 七光控制同步之同步受光訊號。 ' 發光周期ΊΊ如為Tl = lsec，控制發光之脈衝寬度 T2如為T2=500y sec。藉此控制發光與其相對應之同 f受光，除去來自外部煙檢測空間之煙散射光^外之 =入射產生之受光訊號，而可確實地僅接收煙之散射 此外，由於第一發光元件109之發光波長帶域在 可視光帶域，因此，為了使人看不出間歇發光之光， 而將發光時間限制在1 msec以内。亦即，肉眼可以辨 識來自發光元件之光，需要超過1 msec之持續發光時 間’因此’為了看不出來自發光元件之光，而將發先 時間限制在1 msec以内。 發光控制脈衝時，只須合計3次之發光脈衝時間 在lmsec以内即可，此時由於合計為i5〇/zsec，因二 看不出發光。此種控制發光與同步受光，在圖19之第 二發光控制部1〇6對第二發光元件110之發光控制 亦同。 38 99年11月日修正替換頁 再度參照圖26，在步驟SB4，檢查受光資料A1 是否超過判斷火災之預警之特定臨界值TH1，超過該 臨界值時，執行步驟SB5之障礙判定處理（將在以下 詳細說明），若判斷為有火災的可能，則在步驟SB6 脈衝性發光驅動第二發光元件110,藉此，在步驟SB7 隨機保持自第二發光元件111獲得之受光訊號作為受 光資料A2，而儲存記憶於記憶部104中。 其次，在步驟SB8，算出受光資料A1與A2之比 率R。繼續在步驟SB9，比較預定比率R與判斷非火 災用之臨界值=10。比率R比臨界值=10小時，判斷 為火災之煙，在步驟SB10，與判斷燃燒物種類之臨界 值=6比較。 此時，比率R為臨界值=6以上時，在步驟SB 11， 判斷為白煙火災（燻煙火災），在步驟SB12，增加一 個計數器值η，在步驟SB13，檢查計數器值η是否達 到 η=3 ° 由於計數器值η=2，因此回到步驟SB2，重複步 驟SB2〜SB12之處理，在步驟SB13，判斷計數器值是 否η=3，若為「是」則在步驟SB15判斷係火災，而送 出火災訊號，此時依需要並可同時傳送此係白煙火災 之資訊。 另外，在步驟SB 10,於比率R未達臨界值=6時， 進入步驟SB14，判斷為黑煙火災（燃燒火災），在步 驟SB15，進行火災判定，並送出火災訊號至訊號接收 器側，並依需要可同時傳送此係黑煙火災之資訊。此 外，在步驟SB9，於比率R為臨界值10以上時，來到 步驟SB16判定非火災，而回到步驟SB1，將計數器值 η設定為n= 1。 39 ⑴8870 卯年U月#曰修正替換頁 匕 ...... 口饮止首換貝 光，而散射施例係以受射 同，的光以及散射角不同之第__發光 = ^元”0發光所產生的散射光，進：求 <« i，，爿f5亥比率與特定臨界值比較來判斷，進行火 尤與非火災之判斷，並可進一步在判斷為 實判斷出係白煙火災或黑煙火災之燃燒^種類。·’確 在圖16至圖21之煙檢測部構造中，第一 ，第一發先兀件110的第二波長A2 = 5〇〇nm， 成為r不過第三種實施例中，將ί 二果在以下說明的數值範圍内，仍可 以卜ΐΐ且第二發光元件109之第一波長川系咖⑽ 上之波長時即可。第一發光元件109之第一 θ 1設定在Θ 1 = 20。〜50。之範圍即可。另外第二 ΐΓ^·1〇ί第f波長入2將中心波長設定* 500nm以 P ，第一散射角02設定在02=1 〇〇。〜15〇。之範 圍即可。 Μ更第一發光元件1〇9之第一波長λ1 及第一散射角0 1，與第二發光元件11〇之第二波長又 I與第二散射角Θ2,以圖23之綿燈芯之煙為實施例， 亦即燻燒煙（白色煙），設定各個光之受光量之比 比識別燃燒物種類之臨界值=6大，另外，以圖25之 煤油燃燒之燃燒煙（黑色煙）為實施例時， 光元件109與第二發光元件11〇發出之光，設定此二 者所發的光被煙散射之後的受光訊號量比率R 值=6小即可。 再者，如圖16所示，隨著將煙檢測點p設於本體 40 日修正替換真 外侧118之外，開放煙檢測空間可能的固有誤判，圖 19之訊號處理部1〇3仍可識別固有誤判而輸°出 訊 號0 外部之煙檢測點P之固有誤判，例如可假設為人 的手及民蟲等雜質直接穿過煙檢測點p時。因%^圖26 之處理’係在步驟SB5中設置障礙判定處理，其處理 内容則如圖27之流程圖。 ” 圑27之障礙判定處理，首先在步驟SCI，檢查受 光資料A1之微分值B是否超過特定之障礙臨值 TH2 ’未超過時’進入圖26之步驟SB6，執 災判 斷處理。 、 檢查受光資料A1之微分值β超過特定之障礙臨 界值ΤΗ2時，在步驟SC2啟動設定特定時間τ之計時 器，在步驟SC3監視時間為特定時間τ。經過吸^時 間τ後進入步驟SC4，檢查此時之受光資料是否 超過障礙臨界值TH3，超過時，在步驟SC5判斷為本 體外側118之煙檢測部分附著有蜘蛛巢等雜質，輸出 判定故障，在訊號接收器上顯示障礙，你千 體外側之確認清理等檢查措施。 $ U&T本 極、曾ί第—種實施例之圖8相類似地，因發生火災而 之增加趨於緩和’因而微分❹遠比誤判臨界 ra 1、，在發生火災時，反而不超過異常臨界值 此，在圖27之步驟SC1中判斷，時刻u時， 超過預警臨界值TH1，微分值B在誤判 J ’而進入圖26之步驟SB6，判斷為火災處^ 处 =以™3設定為遠高於火災判斷之預警臨界值 1338870 [J9年11月d日修正替換頁 開放昆二γρ質i時通過本體外側118之外部 讲产二之k時’受光資料ai暫時產生超 界值TH3之變化，隨之受光資料A1上昇超 受i資料ί 1正丁向^過誤判臨界值™2大幅變化，且因 貝枓A1下降，微分值β往負向大幅變化。 膝p，Ϊ，在受光資料A1超過障礙臨界值TH3時， 主已记憶之微分值B與誤判臨界值TH2作比較，超 判斷為可能發生障礙，繼續檢查後續之變化， ^微/刀值B超過障礙臨界值TH2時啟動計時器，一 等到經過設定時間T。 | 在T時間之後，再度檢查受光資料A1，此時由於 t礙臨界值TH3以下，因此判斷為暫時之障礙， 於障礙已消除，因此沒有輸出障礙判定。亦即，此 制止執行判斷為火災的處理。 τ 圖29係在外部開放空間之煙檢測點ρ附近之本 外側118,附著較大之昆蟲等雜質而固定存在時，受 光資料Α1產生超過障礙臨界值ΤΗ3之變化後，維持 其位準。隨之受光資料A1上昇，微分值Β往正向超 過誤判臨界值TH2而大幅變化。 因此’在受光資料A1超過障礙臨界值TH3時， 將已記憶之微分值B與誤判臨界值TH2相比較，超過 臨界值TH2時，判斷為可能發生障礙，繼續檢查後續 之變化，自微分值B超過障礙臨界值TH2時啟動計時 器’直到經過設定時間T。在T時間之後，再度檢查 受光資料A1 ’此時由於仍超過障礙臨界值th3，因此 判斷為持續性之障礙，而進行障礙判定輸出。 如此，藉由第三種實施例，除與第二種實施例實 質相同之效果外，還可依據數個受光量進行複合性判 42 1338870 _ 99年11月二j日修正替換頁 斷，而可更正確地進行火災判定。 此外，藉由因不同波長之散射特性，散射角之差 異與波長差異之相乘效果，可使不同煙種類之散射光 之光強度產生顯著差異，以提高識別煙之準確度。 此外，由於立體角配置數個發光元件，因此將發 光元件之光軸與受光元件之光軸之交點，將該交點設 成煙檢測點而位在探測器本體外側之外部空間，而可 檢測煙之散射光。 此外，藉由比較第一發光元件之散射光的受光量 與第二發光元件之散射光的受光量，例如藉由兩者之 比值而與臨界值相比較，可辨別出不同煙的種類，以 進行更正確之火炎檢測。 此外，藉由將受光元件之視野角設定在5度以 内，將煙檢測空間之散射光檢測用之區域大小限制在 必要之最小限度，可防止外光之影響。 此外，藉由發光元件發射準直之平行光，將煙檢 測空間之散射光檢測用之區域大小限制在必要之最小 限度，可防止外光之影響。 其次，再來說明第四種實施例。第四種實施例之 構造，基本上與第三種實施例相同，不過與第三種實 施例不同之處在於兩個發光元件之散射角與偏光方 向。另外，第四種實施例之構造及方法，在特別說明 之部分與第三種實施例相同，具有相同功能之構成要 素上註記與第三種實施例相同之名稱及/或相同符 號0 圖30係顯示第四種實施例之煙檢測部構造之示 意圖。在圖30中，朝著光軸交點之煙檢測點P配置有： 43 1338870 99年11月曰修正替換頁 第一發光元件125、第二發光元件129及受光元件 133，該煙檢測點Ρ係位於探測器之外部空間。 將通過第一發光元件125之光軸125a與受光元件 133之光軸133a之平面作為第一散射面127時，對第 一散射面127發射具有垂直偏光面的光128。 本實施例之第一發光元件125使用LED，因此， 在第一發光元件125之前面配置偏光過濾器126，可 發射具有垂直於第一散射面127之偏光128。該第一 發光元件125之光軸125a與受光元件133之光軸133a 構成第一散射角0 1，例如可設定為6» 1 = 70°。 另外，將通過第二發光元件129之光軸129a與受 光元件133之光軸133a之平面作為第二散射面131 時，第二發光元件129發射平行於第二散射面131之 偏光132。此外，第二發光元件129之光軸129a與受 光元件133之光軸133a構成第二散射角02，將02 設定為比第一散射角0 1大，例如可設定為0 2 = 120 °。 由於第二發光元件129亦使用LED，因此在第二 發光元件129之前配置偏光過濾器130，可發射具有 水平偏光面之光132。 如此，藉由垂直於第一散射面127之偏光面之光 128,及平行於第二散射面131之水平偏光面之光 132，P點的光因煙之散射而朝向受光元件133之散射 光，任何光均可作為平行於第二散射面131之水平偏 光面之光134，而可照射煙粒子。 該第四種實施例之煙檢測構造之立體圖，配置如 圖31所示，在與第三種實施例相同之處理室底座114 (圖上未顯示）上，以立體角配置有：第一發光元件 125、第二發光元件129及受光元件133之方式裝入處 44 1338870 _____ I 1 99年11月日修正替換頁 理室底座114，光軸交點之煙檢測點p設定於自本體 外側118約h=5mm高度之外部空間。 具體而言，如圖31所不，若第一發光元件125、 第二發光元件129及受光元件133之位置分別為A、 B、C時，假定連到煙檢測點P形成三角錐，將三角形 ABC作為底面，煙檢測點P作為頂點，而為立體角之 配置。 圖32A顯示第一發光元件125與光軸125a、第二 發光元件129與光轴129a、以及受光元件133與光轴 133a之立體角配置。 煙檢測點P位在該第一發光元件125之光轴 125a、第二發光元件129之光軸129a及受光元件133 之光軸133a之交點，就在圖16至圖18之處理室底座 114之本體外側118之煙檢測空間，而第一發光元件 125、第二發光元件129及受光元件133則配置於處理 室底座114中。 圖32B顯示第一發光元件125之A點與受光元件 133之C點間之立體角配置。此時，第一發光元件125 之A點之光軸125a與受光元件133之C點之光軸133a 所構成之面組成三角形PCA，光軸125a與光軸133a 間之夾角即為第一發光元件125之第一散射角0 1。 圖32C顯示第二發光元件129之B點與受光元件 133之C點之立體角配置。此時，光軸129a與133a 位在三角形PCB所構成之面，而第二發光元件129之 光軸129a與受光元件133之之光軸133a構成之散射 角即為0 2。 圖33之一覽表係依據圖30之煙檢測部構造所作 的實驗’在改變散射角與偏光角時，受光訊號量對不 45 1338870 I 99年11月y日修正替換頁 同來源煙之種類之實驗數據。圖33中，散射角0分別 為70°、90°及120°，各個散射角θ中還顯示偏光角小 為0° (水平偏光）及90° (垂直偏光）。 此時，在本第四種實施例中，藉由佶用與第三釋 實施例相同之電路方塊（圖19)，進行相'同之處'理^ 26,圖27)，來進行火災及障礙之判斷。此外，判斷 非火災之臨界值及判斷白煙火災或黑煙火災用之臨界 值’亦使用與第三種實施例相同者。 就散射角（9與偏光角φ，觀察對於圖33之濾紙、 煤油及香菸等各種燃燒煙之結果，獲自第一發光元件 125發射光時之受光訊號量與自第二發光 射光時之受光訊號量，可知結果如下。 午 首先，散射角Θ之變化關係，固定第一發光元件 125之垂直（90。）偏光以及第二發光元件129之水平 (ϋΐ光時’散射角愈小，受光訊號量愈大，散射 角雀大時’受光訊號量則降低。 j外，觀察散射角0相同時，例如同為7〇。時， =一ίΐ元件125之垂直（9〇。）偏光之受光訊號 第一發光疋件129之水平（〇。）偏光之受光訊號 發光= = 依R=A1/A2,其中A1係自第-125發光之受光訊號量八卜A2係自第二發 之受光訊號量A2,依據比率R來判士 係火火或非火災’以及火災時係白煙火災或黑煙火災。 第一η 2 了擴大比率r ’圖33之散射角θ，針對 ”〇 i225選擇受光訊號量變大的散射角θι 角光元件129選擇受光訊號量變小之散射 46 1338870 I 99年11月日修正替換頁 另外，在相同散射角之水平偏光與垂直偏光之光 ，，由於垂直偏光之光的受光訊號量大，水平偏光之 的受光訊號量小。因此，為了擴大比率R ,第一發 ^兀件。125為了增加受光訊號量，而選擇成為偏光角 φ -90之垂直偏光，第二發光元件129，則選擇受光 訊號量變小之偏光角φ2=〇。之水平偏光。 依據對於该圖33之散射角0及偏光角φ之測定結 J丄圖31之實施”中’設定⑴第一發光元件125為 直偏光（φ1=90 ) ’第一散射角0 1 = 7(Γ ; (2)第二 發=元件129為水平偏光（φ1=〇。），第二散射角 圖34係依據圖29之設定偏光方向與散射角 (1)(2) ’不同燃燒物種類對於來自第一發光元件125之 么的5光=幻與第二發光元件129之受光訊號量 八2，顯不其結果—覽表，並算出兩個訊號量之比率r。 1該圖3 4之-覽表可知’滤紙及煤油等所引起的 火=時，此”之比，R較小，分別為4 44及 常λ之燃燒、煙（香終）的比率r則非 ί ϋίί 判斷比率R ’可確實地識別出係火 ㈣ί ϊ 34之煤油燃燒之煙屬於黑煙火災， 入牛ϋΐ4 ^ SB10 +，藉由使用臨界值=6,進 入步驟SB14’即可識別係黑煙火炎（燃燒火災）。 R，在步驟-ο判斷為 47 1338870 替換頁 統計為3，以判斷火炎。 此時，在圖3〇之實施例中，传 125之第一散射角0 」 係以第一發光元件 為01 = 8〇。以下之：1;:。例’不過實用上設定 之失角02係以Θ 丨卜’第二發光元件Π9 2=1〇0。以上之即t12G為例’不過實用上之值為Θ 如此，藉由第四種實施例，除 =果之外’藉由因光之偏“方:❻J = 同’區分出依煙種：之件之散射角不 之識別準確度。心玖耵符性之差異，而可提高煙 射光ίί探實檢測點設定於散 器須將煙滞留於煙處理室；曰=致如習知之探測 =反映煙之特性。本實施例 第五種實施例之匕；=火之處理。另外， -種實施例相同；同明之部分與第 ”弟種實_相同之名稱及/或相同符號。 1所·?五&實=1中’散射光式煙探測器之構造如圖 第i:眘構造可構成如圖5所示。此時， =種實_中’火災檢測之臨界值設定有第一火 =值TH1與第二火災臨界值TH2之兩個，第一火炎 :紗^™1與第二火災臨界值TH2係以任意之方法預 存於記憶部17中。其中，第一火災臨界值TH1 硕=監視區域之煙濃度比平時（空氣潔淨時）高，雖 y成發生火災’不過尚未達到斷定為發生火災之 ，二此外，第二火災臨界值TH2顯示設定成比第一火 火臨界值TH1高之程度（第二火災臨界值TH2>第一 48 1338870 99年11月日修正替換頁 十災臨界值TH1)，監視區域之煙濃度比平時（空氣潔 淨時）高，而可斷定為發生火災。 此外，第五種實施例中，對於火災檢測程度超過 第一火災臨界值ΤΉ1時，設定經過時間之判斷基準， 為第一設定時間TA1 ;此外’對於火災檢測程度超過 第二火災臨界值TH2時，設定經過時間之判斷基準， 為第二設定時間TA2。第一設定時間ΤΑ 1與第二設定 時間TA2係以任意方法預先記憶於記憶部π中。 其次’以下說明第五種實施例之火災判定處理。 圖35係火災判定處理之流程圖。首先，在步驟sol， 檢查受光值A是否在第一火災臨界值TH1以上，超過 第一火災臨界值TH1時’進入步驟SD2，啟動第一設 定時間TA1之計時。啟動計時器後，在步驟sd3 ’檢 查第一設定時間ΤΑ 1之時間經過，並在此時於少鄉 SD4中，持續監視是否受光值a維持在第一火災臨界 值TH1以上。而後，在經過第一設定時間TA1前，受 光值A並沒有在第一火災臨界值TH1以上時，判斷為 因火災以外之原因而煙濃度暫時上昇，此時不進行火 災判斷之輸出。 另外’受光值A維持在第一火災臨界值TH1以上 之狀態，並經過第一設定時間TA1後，進入步驟sd5， 監視第二設定時間TA2之時間經過。並於此時，在步 驟SD6中，監視受光值A是否持續在第二火災臨界值 TH2以上。在經過第二設定時間TA2之前，受光值A 並非在第二火災臨界值TH2以上時，判斷為由於火災 以外之原因造成煙濃度暫時上昇，此時不特別進行火 災判斷之輸出。另外，經過第二設定時間TA2後，受 光值A仍然為第二火災臨界值TH2以上時，判斷為發 生火災，而在步驟SD7中進行火災判斷之輸出。 49 99年11月曰修正替換頁 其次，以下說明進行此種處理之背景與其效果 等。習知之散射光式煙探測器，由於係在煙處理室之 内部導入煙來進行火災檢測，因此需要煙流入煙處理 室之時間，此造成延誤火災檢測之原因；反之，一旦 煙進入煙處理室内，又需要時間讓煙自煙處理室流 出。此時，儘管煙處理室外部之煙濃度降低，而由於 煙處理室内部之煙濃度仍然保持高位準，容易形成導 致誤判。 在具有煙處理室之習知之散射光式煙探測器中， 火災發生時煙的濃度變化與火災以外（如香菸及烹調） 之煙濃度變化，彼此有類似的傾向。亦即，原本火災 之煙濃度有持續上昇之傾向；反之，香菸及烹調等之 煙的煙濃度係上下移動，特別是低濃度之煙濃度遠比 火災之煙為低。但是，此種傾向之差異在習知之散射 光式煙探測器中並不明顯。 圖36顯示習知之散射光式煙探測器對於香菸之 煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖；圖37顯示習知之散射 光式煙探測器對於火災之煙之受光位準與時間之關係 圖。此外，圖38顯示本發明第五種實施例之散射光式 煙探測器對於香菸之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖； 圖39顯示本發明第五種實施例之散射光式煙探測器 對於火災之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖。圖36至圖 39中，橫軸表示時間，縱軸表示受光位準。 首先，比較圖36對於香菸之煙之受光位準與圖 37對於火災之煙之受光位準，雖然香菸之煙顯示受光 位準稍大而上下移動，但是整體而言有類似之傾向。 此因，需要煙流入煙處理室之時間，及煙流出煙處理 室之時間，煙滯留於煙處理室内，而有受光位準被平 準化之傾向。因此，依據此種受光位準，要區別香於 年li月二）曰修正替換頁 之煙與火災之煙較困難。 39對另於V災=i8光= 上下移叙鈇 又光{準香於之煙顯示受光位準 異。大，並與火災之煙之受光位準產生顯著： 別火種實施例藉由如圖35之處理，即可區 時HH35:示之處理，於發生香菸之煙 時間ϋ又 準超過第一臨界值TH1時（圖38之 低於第經過第—設㈣間TA1之前，受光位準 為界;VH1(圖38之時間T2)，即不會判斷 (^ 外，即使受光位準超過第一臨界值Τ Η1If the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element 110 have the first policy efficiency I. The horizontal axis represents the scattering angle β (0=〇.~18〇) The vertical axis represents the scattering efficiency I of the logarithmic coordinates. The light emission of the first light-emitting element 1G9 is the first wavelength λ, and the scattering efficiency of the light element 111 side is a characteristic curve 2〇. — When the light emission of the second light-emitting element U〇 of 50〇nmi is the second wavelength λ2 =0〇nm, the scattering efficiency of the light-receiving element (1) side is a curve of the characteristic curve 2〇, 21 'first observe the self-luminous element emission ^^^ ^^^ The line scattering efficiency is low 'from the second wavelength in. 】 Line::: ίί The characteristic of the short second illuminating element 丨10* In addition to the first illuminating element 1()9 and the second illuminating element u〇34 1338870 In January, 1999, the characteristic curve 20, 2ί scattering angle 曰 of the scattering efficiency of the replacement page is corrected. Both sides show that the scattering angle is smaller, the scattering efficiency is higher, and the scattering efficiency decreases as the scattering angle increases. At 12 o'clock. The lowest value is shown, but the scattering efficiency increases as the backscatter angle increases. In the third embodiment, the scattering angle θ 1 of the first light-emitting element 1〇9 is set to 0 l=3 (T′, therefore, the scattering efficiency of the pi point of the characteristic curve 2〇), in addition, the second light-emitting element The second scattering angle Θ2 of 11〇 is set to 120°, and thus the efficiency of the p2 point of the characteristic curve 21 is A2.” The scattering angle and the wavelength of light from the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element u〇 are different. The scattering efficiency is determined by the light receiving element U1 (light receiving 1) = (luminous amount) χ (light receiving efficiency), and thus the received light signal which is proportional to the scattering efficiency I of FIG. 23 can be obtained. The ratio of the received light obtained by the same light from the first light-emitting element 109 and the uo to the received light and the amount of light received by the U is obtained, and the ratio is R. Since the amount of received light f is proportional to the scattering efficiency, it is determined by R= A1/A2 is used to find the efficiency of the laser, Al, A2. Then, the type of the smoke is determined by predetermining the ratio R and comparing it with the critical value. : 目 μ Ϊ 24 series, the scattering angle 0 is displayed according to FIG. 16 to FIG. 21 The smoke inspection of the two sigma structure, will be burned when burning kerosene (like 'from the first - illuminating element 丨 09 ' 3 light = scattering efficiency I. κ % length a The first light-emitting element 109 emits light as the first wave = from the second, and the light-scattering efficiency 1 is the characteristic curve. The other 5〇η" & The light scattering efficiency of the first wavelength U is 2 = nm, which is the characteristic curve 23. 35 1338870 The smoke phase of the wick is similarly emitted from the first wavelength; the characteristic curve 22 of the scattering efficiency of the light emitted by the first illuminating element 109 of I l = 900 nm is decreased, and conversely, the second wavelength λ 2 is emitted from the second illuminating element 110. The characteristic curve 23 of the scattering efficiency of short-wavelength light of 500 nm shows that the value of the scattering efficiency is large. In addition, the scattering efficiency of FIG. 24 versus the scattering angle (the change of 9 is the same as that of FIG. 23, and the characteristic curves 22, 23 are both scattering angles). The smaller the 0 is, the higher the scattering efficiency is. When the scattering angle is 6» about 120°, the lowest value is displayed, and the scattering efficiency is increased for the increase of the scattering angle 0. With respect to the burning smoke of the kerosene, the first illuminating is observed on the characteristic curve 22. The first scattering angle of element 109 (9 1 = 30°, the scattering efficiency at point P3 is ΑΓ Further, as for the second light-emitting element 110, since the second scattering angle 0 2 = 120°, it corresponds to the scattering efficiency A2' of the P4 point of the characteristic curve 23. The scattering efficiency Al', A2' is the same as that of Fig. 23, due to scattering The efficiency is proportional to the amount of light multiplied by the amount of light received by the light-receiving efficiency. Therefore, the scattering efficiency ΑΓ, A2′ is also used at this time, and the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element are obtained from R=A1′/A2′. The ratio R of the amount of received light of the light-receiving element 111 of the light emitted by 110. 25 is a list showing the smoke of the smoked smoke and the kerosene of the wick of FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, the received light amount A1 of the first light-emitting element 109, the received light quantity A2 of the second light-emitting element 110, and each The ratio of the amount of signal R. Further, since the amount of received light signals is proportional to the scattering efficiency, the values of the scattering efficiency I of Figs. 23 and 24 are used. As can be seen from the list of Fig. 25, when the wick is burned, it becomes a smoked smoke of white smoke, and the ratio of the light from the first light-emitting element 109 to the light-receiving amount of light from the second light-emitting element 110 is R = 8.0. On the other hand, when burning kerosene, it becomes a burning smoke with black smoke, and its ratio of the received light from the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element 11 is the ratio of the light-receiving signal of the light of the first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element 11 =2.3. Therefore, it becomes a smoked smoke of white smoke and a combustion smoke which becomes black smoke, and the ratio of the light quantity of the light from the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the light from the second light-emitting element 110 is extremely large. The difference ^, for example, the ratio R is set to a critical value = 6, and as a critical value for judging the type of smoke, the smoke identification at the time of the occurrence of the fire is smoked or burned. In addition, in the case of water vapor and hot gas, since the particle diameter is much larger than the smoke particle f, the scattering efficiency of the scattering angle of 0 hours in FIGS. 23 and 24 is much higher than that in the case of fire, and is the first scattering angle 01. The amount of light received by a light-emitting element 109 is extremely large, and the second scattering angle from the second light-emitting element 110 is 0 2 = 120. The amount of light received by the light has a ratio R of 10 or more. Therefore, the ratio R of the amount of received light from the light of the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the amount of received light of the light from the second light-emitting element 11〇 is set to a critical value=1〇, and when the critical value is exceeded, it can be determined as Non-fire such as water vapor and hot air. μ This is the same as the cigarette smoke. When the critical value of the ratio R is 10, the ratio R of the cigarette smoke can be obtained as a larger value of 1 〇 or more. Therefore, it can be judged as non-fire in the same manner. Fig. 26 is a flowchart showing the fire sensing processing of the circuit block of Fig. 19 including the smoke detecting portion of Figs. 16 to 21, and is realized by the CPU program control of the signal processing unit 103. In the fire sensing process, generally only the first light-emitting element 109' is driven to emit light, and when the light-receiving level of light from the first light-emitting element 1〇9 exceeds a certain critical value of the alarm, the second light-emitting element 11 is illuminated. The fire is judged from the ratio of the amount of light received by the two light sources. 37 November 1999 曰Revised replacement page closed, 丨,, 扣干II月Y日修正 Replacement Beto 26 'First step SB Bu ^ ^ ί ? 1 TL · f〇9 : Machine security light element: 109 109 The illuminating drive, with the help of the eight H square t memory wide 104, at the same time according to the light receiving data A1 out of the differential value B and memory in the memory unit 丨 04. In the example ί, the first illuminating control unit 105 of Fig. 19 is the same as the first one; and in the same manner as in Fig. j5', the illuminating driving is performed by the illuminating pulse type, and the mother period T1 is pulsed to output the pulse width τ2. The illuminating element #' is used to control the illuminating, and corresponding to the action, the amplifying circuit 1 〇 7 has a light receiving signal, and also obtains a synchronous light receiving signal synchronized with the seven light control. The illumination period is, for example, Tl = lsec, and the pulse width T2 of the control illumination is T2 = 500y sec. Thereby, the illuminating light is controlled to receive the light corresponding to the f, and the light-scattering light from the external smoke detecting space is removed, and the light-receiving signal generated by the incident is received, and the scattering of the smoke can be surely received. The illuminating wavelength band is in the visible light band, so that the illuminating time is limited to 1 msec in order to make it impossible for people to see the intermittent illuminating light. That is, the naked eye can recognize the light from the light-emitting element and requires a continuous light-emitting time of more than 1 msec. Therefore, in order to prevent light from the light-emitting element, the start-up time is limited to 1 msec. In the case of the light-emission control pulse, it is only necessary to total the light-emitting pulse time of three times within the lmsec. At this time, since the total is i5〇/zsec, the light is not seen. The control light emission and the synchronous light reception are the same as the light emission control of the second light-emitting element 110 in the second light-emitting control unit 1〇6 of Fig. 19 . 38. Correction replacement page of November, 1999. Referring again to FIG. 26, in step SB4, it is checked whether the light receiving data A1 exceeds the specific threshold TH1 for determining the warning of the fire. When the threshold value is exceeded, the obstacle determination processing of step SB5 is performed (will be As will be described in detail below, if it is determined that there is a possibility of fire, the second light-emitting element 110 is driven by pulse light emission in step SB6, whereby the light-receiving signal obtained from the second light-emitting element 111 is randomly held as the light-receiving data A2 in step SB7. The memory is stored in the memory unit 104. Next, at step SB8, the ratio R of the light receiving data A1 and A2 is calculated. Continuing at step SB9, the predetermined ratio R is compared with the critical value for determining non-fire disaster = 10. When the ratio R is greater than the critical value = 10 hours, it is judged to be a fire smoke, and in step SB10, it is compared with the critical value of the type of the combustion product = 6. At this time, when the ratio R is the critical value=6 or more, it is determined as a white smoke fire (smoke fire) in step SB11, a counter value η is added in step SB12, and in step SB13, it is checked whether the counter value η reaches η. =3 ° Since the counter value η = 2, the process returns to step SB2, and the processes of steps SB2 to SB12 are repeated. In step SB13, it is judged whether or not the counter value is η = 3, and if YES, the fire is judged at step SB15. A fire signal is sent, and the information on the white smoke fire can be transmitted at the same time as needed. Further, in step SB10, when the ratio R has not reached the critical value = 6, the routine proceeds to step SB14, where it is determined that the black smoke is fired (combustion fire), and in step SB15, the fire determination is made, and the fire signal is sent to the signal receiver side. Information on this black smoke fire can be transmitted at the same time as needed. Further, in step SB9, when the ratio R is equal to or greater than the critical value of 10, the process proceeds to step SB16 to determine that the non-fire has occurred, and returns to step SB1 to set the counter value η to n = 1. 39 (1)8870 The following year U month #曰Revision replacement page匕... The mouth is changed to the first light, and the scattering method is the same as the light, and the scattering angle is different. "0" scatters light generated by illuminating, seeking: <« i,, 爿f5 hai ratio is compared with a specific threshold value to judge, fire and non-fire judgment, and further judged to be white Combustion type of smoke fire or black smoke fire. · Indeed, in the structure of the smoke detecting portion of Figs. 16 to 21, first, the second wavelength A2 of the first hairpin 110 is 5 〇〇 nm, becoming r However, in the third embodiment, it is sufficient that the wavelength of the first wavelength of the second light-emitting element 109 can be diversified within the numerical range described below. The first θ 1 is set in the range of Θ 1 = 20. ~ 50. The second ΐΓ ^ · 1 〇 ί f wavelength into 2 sets the center wavelength * 500nm to P, the first scattering angle 02 is set at 02=1 〇〇.~15〇. The range is 。. The first wavelength λ1 of the first light-emitting element 1〇9 and the first scattering angle 0 1, and the second hair The second wavelength of the optical element 11 and the second scattering angle Θ2, with the smoke of the wick of FIG. 23 as an embodiment, that is, smoked smoke (white smoke), setting the ratio of the received light amount of each light to identify the combustion product The critical value of the type is 6 large. In addition, when the combustion smoke (black smoke) of the kerosene combustion of FIG. 25 is taken as an example, the light emitted by the optical element 109 and the second light-emitting element 11 sets the light emitted by the two. The value of the received light signal ratio R after the smoke is scattered is less than 6. Further, as shown in Fig. 16, the smoke detecting space is opened as the smoke detecting point p is set on the main body 40. The possible inherent misjudgment, the signal processing unit 1〇3 of FIG. 19 can still identify the inherent misjudgment and the inherent misjudgment of the smoke detection point P outside the signal 0, for example, it can be assumed that the human hand and the insects pass through the impurities directly. When the smoke detection point p is set, the process of the process of Fig. 26 is set in step SB5, and the processing content is as shown in the flowchart of Fig. 27. "The obstacle determination process of 圑27, first in step SCI, the light reception is checked. Whether the differential value B of the data A1 exceeds the specific obstacle value When TH2 'does not exceed', the process proceeds to step SB6 of Fig. 26 to perform the disaster determination process. When it is checked that the differential value β of the light receiving data A1 exceeds the specific obstacle critical value ΤΗ2, the timer for setting the specific time τ is started in step SC2, and the monitoring time is the specific time τ in step SC3. After the absorption time τ, the process proceeds to step SC4, and it is checked whether the light-receiving data at this time exceeds the obstacle threshold value TH3. If it is exceeded, it is determined in step SC5 that the smoke detecting portion of the body outer side 118 is attached with impurities such as a spider's nest, and the output is judged to be faulty. The obstacles are displayed on the signal receiver, and the inspection measures such as confirmation cleaning on the outside of the body are performed. $ U&T, the same as Figure 8 of the embodiment, similarly, the increase due to the occurrence of fire tends to ease 'so the differential ❹ is far worse than the false positive threshold ra 1, in the event of a fire, not more than The abnormal threshold value is determined in step SC1 of Fig. 27, when the time u is exceeded, the warning threshold value TH1 is exceeded, and the differential value B is erroneously judged to enter the step SB6 of Fig. 26, and it is judged that the fire is at the place where it is set to TM3. It is much higher than the fire alarm judgment threshold 1338870 [J9 November 11th correction replacement page open Kun II γρ quality i through the outside of the body outside 118 to speak the second k when the light receiving data ai temporarily generated the boundary value TH3 The change, as a result of the increase in the light data A1, is greatly affected by the i-data ί1, the positive value of the threshold value TM2, and the differential value β changes substantially negatively. Knee p, Ϊ, when the light receiving data A1 exceeds the obstacle threshold TH3, the differential value B of the main memory is compared with the false positive threshold TH2, and the super judgment is that an obstacle may occur, and the subsequent change is continued, ^ micro/knife value When B exceeds the obstacle threshold TH2, the timer is started, and the set time T is elapsed. After the T time, the light-receiving data A1 is checked again. At this time, since the threshold value TH3 is less than or equal to the threshold value, it is judged to be a temporary obstacle, and the obstacle is eliminated. Therefore, there is no output obstacle determination. That is, this suppression execution is judged as a fire. τ Fig. 29 shows the position on the outer side 118 near the smoke detection point ρ in the open space, when a large insect or the like is attached and fixed, and the received light data Α1 is changed beyond the threshold value ΤΗ3, and the level is maintained. As a result, the received light data A1 rises, and the differential value changes greatly in the positive direction beyond the false positive threshold TH2. Therefore, when the light receiving data A1 exceeds the obstacle threshold TH3, the stored differential value B is compared with the false positive threshold TH2. When the critical value TH2 is exceeded, it is determined that an obstacle may occur, and the subsequent change is continuously checked, and the differential value B is determined. When the obstacle threshold TH2 is exceeded, the timer is started until the set time T elapses. After the time T, the light-receiving data A1' is again checked because the obstacle threshold value th3 is still exceeded. Therefore, it is judged to be a persistent obstacle, and the obstacle determination output is performed. Thus, with the third embodiment, in addition to the substantially same effect as the second embodiment, it is also possible to perform a composite judgment based on a plurality of received light amounts, and the replacement page break is performed on November 2, 1999. Fire determination can be performed more correctly. In addition, by the scattering characteristics of different wavelengths, the difference between the scattering angle and the wavelength difference, the light intensity of the scattered light of different smoke types can be significantly different to improve the accuracy of the identification smoke. In addition, since a plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged at a solid angle, the intersection of the optical axis of the light-emitting element and the optical axis of the light-receiving element is set as a smoke detecting point and is located outside the detector body, and the smoke can be detected. Scattered light. Further, by comparing the amount of received light of the scattered light of the first light-emitting element with the amount of light received by the scattered light of the second light-emitting element, for example, by comparing the ratio of the two to a critical value, the type of different smoke can be discriminated Perform a more accurate fire test. Further, by setting the viewing angle of the light-receiving element to within 5 degrees, the size of the area for detecting scattered light in the smoke detecting space is limited to the minimum necessary, and the influence of external light can be prevented. Further, by emitting collimated parallel light by the light-emitting element, the size of the area for detecting scattered light in the smoke detecting space is limited to the minimum necessary, and the influence of external light can be prevented. Next, the fourth embodiment will be described again. The configuration of the fourth embodiment is basically the same as that of the third embodiment, but differs from the third embodiment in the scattering angle and the polarization direction of the two light-emitting elements. In addition, the configuration and method of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment in the specific description, and the components having the same function are marked with the same names and/or the same symbols as those of the third embodiment. A schematic view showing the configuration of the smoke detecting portion of the fourth embodiment. In Fig. 30, the smoke detecting point P toward the intersection of the optical axes is arranged: 43 1338870 November 1999 曰 Correction replacement page First light-emitting element 125, second light-emitting element 129, and light-receiving element 133, the smoke detecting point Located in the outer space of the detector. When the plane passing through the optical axis 125a of the first light-emitting element 125 and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133 is taken as the first scattering surface 127, the light 128 having the vertical polarizing surface is emitted to the first scattering surface 127. The first light-emitting element 125 of the present embodiment uses an LED. Therefore, a polarizing filter 126 is disposed in front of the first light-emitting element 125, and polarized light 128 having a perpendicular to the first scattering surface 127 can be emitted. The optical axis 125a of the first light-emitting element 125 and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133 constitute a first scattering angle 0 1, for example, 6» 1 = 70°. Further, when the plane passing through the optical axis 129a of the second light-emitting element 129 and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133 is taken as the second scattering surface 131, the second light-emitting element 129 emits the polarized light 132 parallel to the second scattering surface 131. Further, the optical axis 129a of the second light-emitting element 129 and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133 constitute a second scattering angle 02, and 02 is set to be larger than the first scattering angle 0 1 and can be set, for example, to 0 2 = 120 °. Since the second light-emitting element 129 also uses an LED, the polarizing filter 130 is disposed before the second light-emitting element 129 to emit light 132 having a horizontally polarized surface. Thus, by the light 128 perpendicular to the polarizing surface of the first scattering surface 127 and the light 132 parallel to the horizontal polarizing surface of the second scattering surface 131, the light of the P point is scattered toward the light receiving element 133 due to the scattering of the smoke. Any light can be used as the light 134 parallel to the horizontal polarizing surface of the second scattering surface 131 to illuminate the smoke particles. A perspective view of the smoke detecting structure of the fourth embodiment is arranged as shown in FIG. 31, and is disposed at a solid angle on the same processing chamber base 114 (not shown) as in the third embodiment: The element 125, the second light-emitting element 129, and the light-receiving element 133 are mounted at a location 44 1338870 _____ I 1 The replacement of the pager base 114 is corrected on November, 1999, and the smoke detection point p at the intersection of the optical axes is set from the outer side 118 of the body. h=5mm height of the external space. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 31, when the positions of the first light-emitting element 125, the second light-emitting element 129, and the light-receiving element 133 are A, B, and C, respectively, it is assumed that a triangle pyramid is formed at the smoke detection point P, and a triangle is formed. The ABC is the bottom surface, and the smoke detection point P is a vertex and is a solid angle. Fig. 32A shows a solid angle arrangement of the first light-emitting element 125 and the optical axis 125a, the second light-emitting element 129 and the optical axis 129a, and the light-receiving element 133 and the optical axis 133a. The smoke detecting point P is located at the intersection of the optical axis 125a of the first light-emitting element 125, the optical axis 129a of the second light-emitting element 129, and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133, as shown in the processing chamber base 114 of FIGS. 16 to 18. The smoke detecting space of the outer side 118 of the main body, and the first light emitting element 125, the second light emitting element 129, and the light receiving element 133 are disposed in the processing chamber base 114. Fig. 32B shows a solid angle arrangement between the point A of the first light-emitting element 125 and the point C of the light-receiving element 133. At this time, the plane formed by the optical axis 125a of the point A of the first light-emitting element 125 and the optical axis 133a of the point C of the light-receiving element 133 constitutes a triangle PCA, and the angle between the optical axis 125a and the optical axis 133a is the first light-emitting element. The first scattering angle of 125 is 0 1 . Fig. 32C shows a solid angle arrangement of point B of the second light-emitting element 129 and point C of the light-receiving element 133. At this time, the optical axes 129a and 133a are located on the surface of the triangular PCB, and the scattering angle of the optical axis 129a of the second light-emitting element 129 and the optical axis 133a of the light-receiving element 133 is 0 2 . The list in Fig. 33 is an experiment based on the structure of the smoke detecting portion of Fig. 30. When the scattering angle and the polarizing angle are changed, the amount of received light signal is not 45 1338870 I. data. In Fig. 33, the scattering angles 0 are 70, 90, and 120, respectively, and the scattering angles θ also show that the polarization angles are smaller than 0 (horizontal polarization) and 90 (vertical polarization). At this time, in the fourth embodiment, by using the same circuit block as that of the third embodiment (Fig. 19), the phase "correspondence" 26, Fig. 27) is performed to perform the fire and Judgment of obstacles. Further, the determination of the critical value of non-fire and the critical value for judging the white smoke fire or the black smoke fire are also the same as in the third embodiment. With respect to the scattering angle (9 and the polarization angle φ, as a result of observing various kinds of combustion smoke such as filter paper, kerosene, and cigarettes of Fig. 33, the amount of received light signals when the first light-emitting element 125 emits light and the received light when emitted from the second light-emitting light are obtained. The amount of the signal shows that the result is as follows. First, the change of the scattering angle , first fixes the vertical (90.) polarization of the first light-emitting element 125 and the level of the second light-emitting element 129 (the smaller the scattering angle is, the light-receiving signal The larger the amount, the smaller the amount of light received by the scattering angle is. When the observation of the scattering angle 0 is the same, for example, the same is 7 〇. When, the vertical (9 〇.) polarized light receiving signal of the component 125 The level of the first illuminating element 129 is 受 发光 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = A2, according to the ratio R to judge the fire or non-fire 'and the white smoke fire or black smoke fire in the fire. The first η 2 has the expansion ratio r 'the scattering angle θ of Figure 33, select the received signal for the 〇i225 A large scattering angle θι angular light element 129 Scattering with a smaller amount of optical signal 46 1338870 I November 2011 Correction replacement page In addition, horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light at the same scattering angle, due to the large amount of light received by the vertically polarized light, the horizontally polarized light is received. Therefore, in order to increase the ratio R, the first transmitting element 125 selects a vertical polarized light having a polarization angle φ -90 in order to increase the amount of received light signals, and the second light-emitting element 129 selects a smaller amount of received light signals. The polarization angle φ2 = 〇. The horizontal polarization. According to the measurement of the scattering angle 0 and the polarization angle φ of Fig. 33, the implementation of the graph "31" is set to (1) the first light-emitting element 125 is polarized light (φ1 = 90). 'The first scattering angle 0 1 = 7 (Γ; (2) the second shot = the element 129 is the horizontally polarized light (φ1 = 〇.), and the second scattering angle map 34 is based on the set polarization direction and the scattering angle of Fig. 29 (1) (2) 'The different types of combustion materials are 5 light=the magic light from the first light-emitting element 125 and the light-receiving signal quantity of the second light-emitting element 129 is 8.2, which is not the result, and the two signal quantities are calculated. The ratio r. 1 Figure 3 4 - The table shows that 'filter paper and When the oil is caused by oil, etc., the ratio of R is small, and the ratio of burning of 4 44 and constant λ, and the ratio of smoke (fragrance) r is not ί ϋ ίί, the ratio R R can reliably identify the system. Fire (4) ϊ ϊ 34 kerosene burning smoke belongs to black smoke fire, enter the calf 4 ^ SB10 +, by using the critical value = 6, enter step SB14' to identify the black smoke (burning fire). R, in the step - o judged 47 1338870, the replacement page counts to 3 to determine the fire. At this time, in the embodiment of Fig. 3, the first scattering angle 0 of the transmission 125 is 01 = 8 第一 with the first light-emitting element. The following: 1;:. For example, the practically set corner angle 02 is Θ ’ ’ 'second light-emitting element Π 9 2 = 1 〇 0. The above is t12G as an example 'however, the practical value is Θ. Thus, with the fourth embodiment, except for the fruit, 'by the light deviation "square: ❻ J = the same" distinguishes the type of smoke: The scattering angle of the piece does not identify the accuracy. The difference between the heart and the sign can improve the smoke emission. The detection point is set in the bubble and the smoke must be retained in the smoke treatment room; 曰 = as the conventional detection = reflection The characteristics of the smoke. The fifth embodiment of the present embodiment is 匕; = the treatment of fire. In addition, the same embodiment is the same; the same part and the same name and/or the same symbol. The structure of the 1st and 5th & real = 1 'scattered light type smoke detector is shown in Fig. 5. The structure can be constructed as shown in Fig. 5. At this time, the threshold value of the fire detection is set to two of the first fire=value TH1 and the second fire threshold TH2, and the first fire: the yarn ^TM1 and the second fire threshold TH2 are Any method is prestored in the memory unit 17. Among them, the first fire critical value TH1 s = the smoke concentration in the surveillance area is higher than usual (when the air is clean), although y is a fire 'but has not yet reached the fire, and second, the second fire threshold TH2 display setting The degree of smoke is higher than the first fire threshold TH1 (second fire threshold TH2> first 48 1338870, November 19, 1999 correction replacement page ten disaster threshold TH1), the smoke concentration in the surveillance area is more than usual (air cleansing) ) high, and can be determined to be a fire. In addition, in the fifth embodiment, when the fire detection degree exceeds the first fire threshold value ΤΉ1, the determination criterion of the elapsed time is set as the first set time TA1; and in addition, when the fire detection degree exceeds the second fire threshold TH2 , the judgment criterion of the elapsed time is set, and the second set time TA2 is set. The first set time ΤΑ 1 and the second set time TA2 are previously memorized in the memory unit π by an arbitrary method. Next, the fire determination process of the fifth embodiment will be described below. Fig. 35 is a flow chart showing the fire determination process. First, in step sol, it is checked whether or not the received light value A is above the first fire threshold TH1, and when the first fire threshold TH1 is exceeded, the process proceeds to step SD2, and the timing of the first set time TA1 is started. After the timer is started, the time of the first set time ΤΑ 1 is checked in step sd3 ', and at this time, in Shaoxiang SD4, whether or not the received light value a is maintained above the first fire critical value TH1 is continuously monitored. Then, when the received light value A is not equal to or greater than the first fire critical value TH1 before the first set time TA1 elapses, it is determined that the smoke concentration temporarily rises due to a cause other than a fire, and the output of the fire determination is not performed at this time. Further, the light-receiving value A is maintained in the state above the first fire threshold TH1, and after the first set time TA1 has elapsed, the process proceeds to step sd5, and the time period of the second set time TA2 is monitored. At this time, in step SD6, it is monitored whether or not the received light value A continues to be above the second fire threshold TH2. When the received light value A is not equal to or greater than the second fire cut-off value TH2 before the second set time TA2 elapses, it is determined that the smoke concentration temporarily rises due to a cause other than a fire, and the output of the fire determination is not particularly performed at this time. When the received light value A is still equal to or greater than the second fire cut-off value TH2 after the second set time TA2, it is determined that a fire has occurred, and the fire determination is output in step SD7. 49 November 1999 曰Revised replacement page Next, the following describes the background and effects of such processing. Conventional scattered light smoke detectors, which introduce smoke into the interior of the smoke treatment room for fire detection, require time for the smoke to flow into the smoke treatment chamber, which causes delays in fire detection; conversely, once the smoke enters the smoke treatment chamber It takes time for the smoke to flow out of the smoke treatment room. At this time, although the smoke concentration outside the smoke treatment chamber is lowered, since the smoke concentration inside the smoke treatment chamber is maintained at a high level, it is easy to cause a misjudgment. In a conventional scattered light type smoke detector having a smoke treatment chamber, the change in the concentration of smoke at the time of fire and the change in the concentration of smoke outside the fire (such as cigarettes and cooking) have a similar tendency to each other. That is, the concentration of smoke in the original fire has a tendency to continue to rise; on the contrary, the concentration of smoke in cigarettes and cooking is moving up and down, especially the concentration of smoke at a low concentration is much lower than that of a fire. However, this difference in propensity is not apparent in conventional scattered light smoke detectors. Fig. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the light receiving level of a conventional smoked smoke detector and the time of smoke of a cigarette; Fig. 37 is a graph showing the relationship between the light level of a smoke of a conventional smoke detector and time. Further, Fig. 38 is a view showing the relationship between the light receiving level of the smoke of the cigarette of the fifth embodiment of the present invention and the time of the cigarette; Fig. 39 is a view showing the scattered light type smoke detector of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. A diagram showing the relationship between the level of light received by a fire and time. In Figs. 36 to 39, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents light receiving level. First, comparing Fig. 36 with respect to the light receiving level of cigarette smoke and Fig. 37 for the light receiving level of the smoke of the fire, although the smoke of the cigarette shows that the light receiving level is slightly larger and moves up and down, there is a similar tendency as a whole. For this reason, the time required for the smoke to flow into the smoke treatment chamber and the time when the smoke flows out of the smoke treatment chamber, the smoke remains in the smoke treatment chamber, and the light receiving level tends to be leveled. Therefore, according to this light receiving level, it is difficult to distinguish between the smoke of the replacement page and the smoke of the fire. 39 pairs of other V disaster = i8 light = up and down shifting 鈇 光 { 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准 准Large, and the light level of the fire smoke is significant: The other fire embodiment can be treated by the process of Figure 35, HH35: the treatment, in the time of cigarette smoke, and exceed the first threshold When TH1 (Fig. 38 is lower than TA1 between the first and fourth (4), the received light level is bounded; VH1 (time T2 in Fig. 38), that is, it will not be judged (^, even if the received light level exceeds the first critical value) Τ Η1
Tl·^昧時Μ Τ3)’進步受綠準超過第二臨界值 乂、一圖38之時間Τ4)，於經過第二設定時間ΤΑ2 f ，受光位準低於第二臨界值ΤΗ2 (圖38之時間 描古蛀、不判斷為發生火災。也就是，即使受光位準 二:，，若其狀態並未持續一定時間以上時，即判斷 可防=之原因產生之煙’不進行火災通報’因此 另外’發生火災之煙時，於受光位準超過第一臨 界值ΤΗ 1 (圖39之時間T1 )，即使經過第一設定時間 TA1時，受光位準仍然超過第一臨界值TH1時（圖39 之時間T2)，進一步，受光位準超過第二臨界值TH2 (圖39之時間T3 )，該狀態即使經過第二設定時間 TA2仍然繼續時（圖39之時間T4 )，進行火災通報。 另外，第一臨界值TH1、第二臨界值TH2、第一 設定時間TA1及第二設定時間TA2之具體設定值不 拘，可依據實驗等結果來決定^例如可將第一設定時 間TA1設定為30sec ’將第二設定時間TA2設定為 60sec 〇 51 丄州870 99年11月』多曰修正替換頁 '^ ^ 口丨穸此首換貝 A如此，藉由第五種實施例，除可具有盥第一籍眘 同之效果外，還可直接反映火災之i與火H 外之煙之不同，以區別不同的煙，而防止誤判。人乂 仍可ϋί?ΐί 一〜五種實施例，不過依攄本發明 2 ΐΐ悉ί技藝者輕易地導出其他優點及修改實施 内六二t丄廣義之本發明並不限定於此處揭示之詳細 ::箄ϋ之ί施t匕亦即’在申請專利範圍及藉由 以本發明概念之思想及其範圍内，當 可將5ΐ例之特徵可相互適用。例如亦 臨臨=與ί二火災 發光元件之散:光式ί探用ΐί，種實施例之包含數個 此外，亦可在第一種實施例之本體外 ί雜出量不明顯之程度，設有以 凹凸遮蔽物等。第-種實施例中係 ΐ有ϊίΐΐ!本體外側7之方式設置透明護蓋9，不 言’ ’、β*發光開σ 5b及受光開口 6b配置透明護 鉬下。η二本體外侧7在天花板設置狀態下係 G透發光開口5b及受光開口牝上 叹置透明濩盍9之開放型0 125；^Π30之第四種實施例中’第-發光元件 件129係使用LED發光，並藉由组 130，來產生具有垂直偏光面之光 二光面之光132,不過，若將輸出偏光 二ί應用於第一發光元件125及第二發光元 件I29時，則不需要偏光過濾器126, 130。 此外，第四種實施例之第一發光元件125及第 52 1338870 99年11月二）日修正替換頁 發光元件129係具有相同波長，不過設置不同的波 長，亦可進一步提高煙之識別精確度。 或是，如圖16至圖21之兩個發光元件，其波長 與散射角均不同之煙檢測部構造，顯示第一發光元件 109及第二發光元件110之波長與散射角之關係圖， 然亦可對此兩個發光元件109，110加以設置兩個受光 元件。 此外，1個發光元件亦可藉由使用白熱燈泡及白 色LED等寬光譜之發光元件，在該發光元件上設置波 長切換用之過濾器，圖16之第一發光元件109及第二 發光元件110之配置位置射出光之方式，設定光程。 再者，圖30的煙檢測部構造，其兩個發光元件 125, 129具有不同之散射角與偏光方向，亦可針對具 有不同偏光面之兩個發光元件125, 129,分別設置不 同之受光元件。 此外，自兩個發光元件125，129發射光之偏光 面，可藉由圖30之偏光過濾器126, 130機械性旋轉， 以驅動熟知之液晶過濾器等，使偏光面128, 132產生 變化，可適切調整偏光面134之偏光方向，而獲得最 佳之檢測狀態。 如以上所述，本發明之散射光式煙探測器可有效 應用於感測煙並通報火災發生，特別是適用於減少散 射光式煙探測器自天花板面等設置面之突出量，建構 即使在外觀上亦優異之煙感測系統，及可區別各種不 同煙以正確地通報火災。 【圖式簡單說明】 53 1338870 99年11月曰修正替換頁 圖1係第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之剖面 圖。 圖2Α係顯示將第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測 器设置於天花板面之狀態圖^ 圖2Β係顯示將第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測 器埋設在天花板面之狀態圖。 圖3係處理室底座之斜視圖。 圖4係使用圖3之處理室底座之煙檢測部全體之 剖面圖。 圖5係第一種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之電路 方塊。 圖6係圖5之發光控制部進行發光驅動之時間圖。 圖7係藉由硬體實現設在圖5之訊號處理部之火 災判斷部之處理功能之電路方塊圖。 圖8係顯示因火災而接收煙時之圖7之火災判斷 部之動作之時間圖。 圖9係暫時性散射光增加時之時間圖。 圖10係在煙檢測點ρ附近之本體外侧雜質停留不 動時之時間圖。 圖11顯示藉由程式控制來執行設在圖5之訊號處 理部之火災判斷部之功能用之流程圖。 圖12係第二種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之處 理室底座之斜視圖。 圖13Α係以二維座標空間模式表示對應於設在圖 12之處理室底座之發光部與受光部之設置位置之光學 54 1338870 « * 99年11月>> 日修正替換頁 性位置關係之圖。 圖13B係自xy平面形成之水平面觀察發光光軸與 受光光軸之圖。 圖14係顯示散射角與各種煙之散射光量之關係 圖。 圖15係顯示散射角、對於濾紙燻燒煙之煤油燃燒 煙及綿燈芯燻燒煙之散射光量比率之關係圖。 圖16係第三種實施例之散射光煙探測器之剖面 圖。 圖17係處理室底座之斜視圖。 圖18係使用圖17之處理室底座之煙檢測部全體 之剖面圖。 圖19係第三種實施例之散射光式煙探測器之電 路方塊。 圖20A係就第一發光元件、第二發光元件及受光 元件，顯示其光軸之立體角配置之圖。 圖20B係取出第一發光元件之A點與受光元件之 C點間之立體角配置之圖。 圖20C係取出第二發光元件之B點與受光元件之 C點間之立體角配置之圖。 圖21係顯示假設第一發光元件、第二發光元件及 受光元件之光軸存在於同一平面時之配置關係圖。 圖22係顯示視野角與視野面積之關係圖。 圖23係就散射角（9顯示將燃燒綿燈芯時產生之 燻燒煙作為對象之散射效率I之圖示法。 55 1338870 99年11月Θ曰修正替換頁 圖24係就散射角（9顯示將燃燒煤油時產生之燃 燒煙作為對象之散射效率I之圖示法。 圖25係顯示對於綿燈芯之燻燒煙與煤油之燃燒 煙之受光訊號量與其比率之圖。 圖26係具有圖19之電路方塊之火災感測處理之 流程圖。 圖27係圖26之障礙判定處理之流程圖。 圖28係暫時性散射光增加時之時間圖。 圖29係在煙檢測點Ρ附近之本體外側雜質停留不 動時之時間圖。 圖30係模式顯示第四種實施例之煙檢測部構造 之說明圖。 圖31係顯示第四種實施例之煙檢測部構造之立 體配置之圖。 圖32Α係就第一發光元件、第二發光元件及受光 元件顯示其光軸之立體角配置之圖。 圖32Β係顯示取出第一發光元件之Α點與受光元 件之C點間之立體角配置之狀態圖。 圖32C係顯示取出第二發光元件之B點與受光元 件之C點間之立體角配置之狀態圖。 圖33係顯示圖30之煙檢測部構造中，改變散射 角與偏光角時之對於煙種類之受光訊號量之實驗性獲 得之結果圖。 圖34係顯示設定偏光方向與散射角時之對於燃 燒物種類之受光訊號量與其比率之圖。 56 1338870 , I I- 99年11月））日修正替換頁 圖35係第五種實施例之火災判定處理之流程圖。 圖36係顯示包含煙處理室之習知之散射光式煙 探測器對香菸之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖。 圖37係顯示包含煙處理室之習知之散射光式煙 探測器對火災之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖。 圖38係顯示第五種實施例之散射光式煙探測器 對香菸之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖。 圖39係顯示第五種實施例之散射光式煙探測器 對火災之煙之受光位準與時間之關係圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1散射光式煙探測器 17記憶部 2探測器本體 18發光控制部 3端子盤 19放大電路 4處理室底座 20比較器 4a煙檢測部 21基準電壓源 5發光元件 23微分電路 5b發光開口 24基準電壓源 6受光元件 25比較器 6b受光開口 26單穩定多諧振盪器 7本體外側 27 AND 閘 9透明護蓋 28 AND 閘 11探測器底座 29 AND 閘 15發報電路 30比較器 16訊號處理部 31基準電壓源 57 1338870 40散射光式煙探測器 41處理室底座 42發光開口 艾无開口 100散射光式煙探測器 102發報電路 103訊號處理部 104記憶部 105第一發光控制部 106第二發光控制部 107放大電路 108煙檢測部 109第一發光元件 10%發光開口 110第二發光元件 111受光元件 111b受光開口 112探測器本體 113端子盤 114處理室底座 116透明護蓋 125第一發光元件 126偏光過濾器 129第二發光元件 130偏光過濾器 99年11月二}日修正替換頁 133受光元件 136探測器底座 58Tl·^昧时Μ Τ3) 'Progress is subject to the second threshold value 乂, a time in Figure 38 Τ 4), after the second set time ΤΑ 2 f , the received light level is lower than the second critical value ΤΗ 2 (Figure 38 The time is described as ancient, and it is not judged to be a fire. That is, even if the light level is two:, if the state does not last for a certain period of time or more, it is judged that the smoke caused by the cause of the prevention is not fire notification. In addition, when the smoke of the fire occurs, the light receiving level exceeds the first critical value ΤΗ 1 (time T1 in Fig. 39), and even if the light receiving level exceeds the first critical value TH1 even after the first set time TA1 (Fig. 39) At time T2), further, the light receiving level exceeds the second threshold TH2 (time T3 in Fig. 39), and the state is notified of the fire even if the second set time TA2 continues (time T4 in Fig. 39). The specific setting values of the first threshold TH1, the second threshold TH2, the first set time TA1, and the second set time TA2 are not limited, and may be determined according to results such as experiments. For example, the first set time TA1 may be set to 30 sec. Second set time TA2 It is set to 60sec 〇51 丄州870 970 99 November 』Multiple correction replacement page '^ ^ 丨穸 丨穸 首 首 首 首 首 首 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A In addition, it can directly reflect the difference between the fire i and the fire outside the fire H to distinguish different cigarettes, and prevent misjudgment. The person can still ϋ ΐ ΐ 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一技 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 In the idea of the concept of the invention and its scope, the features of the five examples can be applied to each other. For example, the presence of the fire-emitting elements of the fire-emitting elements is also included in the embodiment of the invention. It is also possible to provide a concave-convex shield or the like to the extent that the amount of the externally-produced powder in the first embodiment is not obvious. In the first embodiment, the transparent cover 9 is provided in the manner of the outer side 7 of the main body. Do not say ' ', β * illuminating σ 5b and the light-receiving opening 6b are arranged under transparent molybdenum. η 2 The outer side 7 of the body is in the ceiling-mounted state, and the open-type 0 125 is formed by the transparent light-emitting opening 5b and the light-receiving opening 叹. In the fourth embodiment, the first-light-emitting element 129 uses an LED. Illuminating, and by the group 130, the light 132 having the light-polarized surface of the vertical polarizing surface is generated. However, if the output polarizing light is applied to the first light-emitting element 125 and the second light-emitting element I29, no polarized light filtering is required. Further, the first light-emitting element 125 of the fourth embodiment and the modified replacement page light-emitting element 129 of the second embodiment of the second embodiment have the same wavelength, but different wavelengths can be further improved. The accuracy of the identification of the smoke. Or, in the light-emitting elements of FIGS. 16 to 21, the structure of the smoke detecting portion having different wavelengths and scattering angles, showing the relationship between the wavelengths of the first light-emitting elements 109 and the second light-emitting elements 110 and the scattering angle, Two light-receiving elements can also be provided for the two light-emitting elements 109, 110. Further, a light-emitting element may be provided with a wide-spectrum light-emitting element such as a white heat bulb or a white LED, and a filter for wavelength switching may be provided on the light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element 109 and the second light-emitting element 110 of FIG. The arrangement position emits light and sets the optical path. Furthermore, in the smoke detecting portion of FIG. 30, the two light-emitting elements 125, 129 have different scattering angles and polarization directions, and different light-receiving elements may be respectively disposed for the two light-emitting elements 125, 129 having different polarizing surfaces. . In addition, the polarizing surface of the light emitted from the two light-emitting elements 125, 129 can be mechanically rotated by the polarizing filters 126, 130 of FIG. 30 to drive a well-known liquid crystal filter or the like to change the polarizing surfaces 128, 132. The polarization direction of the polarizing surface 134 can be appropriately adjusted to obtain an optimum detection state. As described above, the scattered light type smoke detector of the present invention can be effectively applied to sense smoke and notify the occurrence of fire, and is particularly suitable for reducing the amount of protrusion of the scattered light type smoke detector from the ceiling surface, etc., even if A smoke sensing system that is also superior in appearance and can distinguish between different types of smoke to properly notify the fire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 53 1338870 November 1999 曰Revision Replacement Page FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a scattered light smoke detector of the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which the scattered light type smoke detector of the first embodiment is placed on the ceiling surface. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which the scattered light type smoke detector of the first embodiment is buried on the ceiling surface. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the base of the processing chamber. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire smoke detecting portion of the processing chamber base of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a circuit block diagram of the scattered light type smoke detector of the first embodiment. Fig. 6 is a timing chart showing the light emission driving by the light emission control unit of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the processing function of the fire determining unit provided in the signal processing unit of Fig. 5 by hardware. Fig. 8 is a timing chart showing the operation of the fire judging unit of Fig. 7 when receiving smoke due to a fire. Fig. 9 is a timing chart when the temporal scattered light is increased. Fig. 10 is a timing chart when the foreign matter outside the body near the smoke detecting point ρ stays inactive. Fig. 11 is a flow chart showing the function of executing the fire determining unit provided in the signal processing unit of Fig. 5 by program control. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the base of the scatter-type smoke detector of the second embodiment. Figure 13 is a view showing the optical position of the light-emitting portion and the light-receiving portion of the processing chamber base shown in Figure 12 in a two-dimensional coordinate space mode. 1338870 « *99年月月>> Picture. Fig. 13B is a view showing a light-emitting optical axis and a light-receiving optical axis viewed from a horizontal plane formed by the xy plane. Fig. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the scattering angle and the amount of scattered light of various kinds of smoke. Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the scattering angle, the amount of scattered light of the kerosene-burning smoke of the filter paper, and the smoked smoke of the wick. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a scattered smoke detector of the third embodiment. Figure 17 is a perspective view of the base of the process chamber. Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire smoke detecting portion of the processing chamber base of Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a circuit block of the scattered light type smoke detector of the third embodiment. Fig. 20A is a view showing the arrangement of solid angles of the optical axes of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the light-receiving element. Fig. 20B is a view showing a solid angle arrangement between the point A of the first light-emitting element and the point C of the light-receiving element. Fig. 20C is a diagram showing the arrangement of the solid angle between the point B of the second light-emitting element and the point C of the light-receiving element. Fig. 21 is a view showing an arrangement relationship assuming that the optical axes of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the light-receiving element are present on the same plane. Fig. 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the viewing angle and the viewing area. Figure 23 is a graphical representation of the scattering angle (9 shows the scattering efficiency I of the smoked smoke generated when burning the wick). 55 1338870 November 1999 Θ曰Revision replacement page Figure 24 is the scattering angle (9 shows A schematic diagram of the scattering efficiency I of the combustion smoke generated when burning kerosene is shown in Fig. 25. Fig. 25 is a graph showing the amount of light received by the smoke of the smoked smoke and kerosene of the wick, and the ratio thereof. Fig. 27 is a flow chart of the obstacle determination processing of Fig. 26. Fig. 28 is a time chart when the temporary scattered light is increased. Fig. 29 is the outer side of the body near the smoke detecting point Ρ Fig. 30 is a view showing the structure of the smoke detecting portion of the fourth embodiment in Fig. 30. Fig. 31 is a view showing the configuration of the smoke detecting portion of the fourth embodiment. The first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the light-receiving element show a solid angle arrangement of the optical axis. Fig. 32 shows a state diagram of the solid angle arrangement between the defect point of the first light-emitting element and the C point of the light-receiving element. . Fig. 32C is a view showing a state in which the solid angle between the point B of the second light-emitting element and the point C of the light-receiving element is taken out. Fig. 33 is a view showing the structure of the smoke detecting portion of Fig. 30, when the scattering angle and the polarization angle are changed, Fig. 34 is a graph showing the results of the experimentally obtained optical signal quantity of the type. Fig. 34 is a graph showing the amount of received light signals and the ratio of the type of the burning substance when the polarization direction and the scattering angle are set. 56 1338870 , I I-99 November) Japanese Correction Replacement Page FIG. 35 is a flowchart of the fire determination process of the fifth embodiment. Fig. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the light receiving level of smoke of a cigarette and the time of a conventional scattered light type smoke detector including a smoking chamber. Fig. 37 is a graph showing the relationship between the light receiving level of smoke and the time of the smoke of a conventional smoked smoke detector including a smoking chamber. Figure 38 is a graph showing the relationship between the light receiving level of smoke of a cigarette and the time of the smoked smoke detector of the fifth embodiment. Fig. 39 is a graph showing the relationship between the light receiving level of the smoke of the fire and the time of the smoke detector of the fifth embodiment. [Description of main components] 1 scatter light detector 17 memory unit 2 detector body 18 illuminating control unit 3 terminal block 19 amplifying circuit 4 processing chamber base 20 comparator 4a smoke detecting portion 21 reference voltage source 5 illuminating element 23 differential Circuit 5b illumination opening 24 reference voltage source 6 light receiving element 25 comparator 6b light receiving opening 26 single stable multivibrator 7 body outer side 27 AND gate 9 transparent cover 28 AND gate 11 detector base 29 AND gate 15 reporting circuit 30 comparator 16 signal processing unit 31 reference voltage source 57 1338870 40 scattered light type smoke detector 41 processing chamber base 42 light emitting opening Ai no opening 100 scattered light type smoke detector 102 transmitting circuit 103 signal processing unit 104 memory unit 105 first light emitting control unit 106 second light emission control unit 107 amplifying circuit 108 smoke detecting unit 109 first light emitting element 10% light emitting opening 110 second light emitting element 111 light receiving element 111b light receiving opening 112 detector body 113 terminal disk 114 processing chamber base 116 transparent cover 125 A light-emitting element 126 polarizing filter 129, a second light-emitting element 130, a polarizing filter, a correction date on November 2, 1999, a replacement page 133 Light element 136 detector base 58