1333291 六、 [0001] [0002] [0003] [0004] 發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種燃料電池結構’尤指一種用於質子交 換膜燃料電池之導流板結構。 [先前技術] 燃料電池係一種電化學發電裝置，其將燃料及氧化劑轉 化為電能並產生反應產物。相對於驗性電池、鐘電池等 其他電池系統’燃料電池具有能量轉換效率高、對環境 污染小、適用廣、無噪音及連續工作等優點，廣泛應用 於軍事、國防及民用之電力、汽車、通信等多種領域。 · 燃料電池通常可分為鹼性燃料電池、固態氧化物燃料電 池、以及質子交換膜燃料電池等。其中，質子交換膜燃 料電池近年來發展迅速，世人矚目。通常，一個單獨的 質子交換膜燃料電池單元主要包括膜電極（Membrane Electrode Assembly，簡稱MEA)，導流板（F1〇w Field Plate，簡稱 FFP)以及集流板（Current c〇1_ lector Plate)等組成部分。 膜電極（MEA)亦稱膜電極組，係電池單元之核心部件，燃 料氣體（氫氣）及氧化劑（純氧或含氧氣之空氣）在此發生 電化學反應，釋放電子並產生水。膜電極一般係由—張 質子交換膜（Proton Exchange Membrane)、分別失在 質子交換臈之兩表面的兩片多孔性導電層（分別為陽極與 陰極）組成。質子交換膜係由質子傳導材料製成，習知技 術中有採用例如全氟磺酸型膜 '聚苯乙烯磺酸型膜、聚 三氟笨乙烯磺酸型膜 '酚醛樹脂磺酸型膜、碳氫化合物 094112058 表單蝙號A0101 第4頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 099年07月 嗅、高爾膜等作為質子交換膜。多孔性導電層一般係由 導電材料製成，例如碳紙（Carbon Paper)，其至少〆表 面具有多孔結構的襯底，並在該多孔結構的襯底上形成 有電催化層（Electrocatalyst Layer)。習知技術中’ 电催化層包含有電催化顆粒及質子傳導顆粒之混合物， 其中該電催化顆粒一般包含導電顆粒（典型為碳顆粒）及 催化劑顆粒（貴金屬，包括鉑、金、釕或其合金等）。 導流板（FFP)亦稱為流床板 '隔板，一般係由導電材料製 成，例如石墨、導電塑料、金屬等材料。在每個電池單 凡中’膜電極（MEA)係夾在兩塊導流板中間，在每個導流 板與膜電極相接觸之表面藉由i喔鑄、樣摩t或機械銑刻等 方法形成有一條或複數條導流槽·,.該導漆槽分別用於導 引燃料氣體、氧化劑或反應產物水。這些導流槽既*5]•用 作燃料與氧化劑進入陽極、陰極表面之通道，同時用作 帶走燃料電池運行時產生的水的通道。實際應用時，為 提高燃料電池總功率，複數，燃嵙電池單元可通過疊加方 式串聯構成電池組，此時一塊導流板之兩表面均可形成 有導流槽，分別用作一個膜電極之陽極導流面，以及另 一個膜電極之陰極導流面，這種雙面均有導流槽之導流 板又可稱為雙極板。 集流板-般係導電材料製成，在_個電池單元中通常採 用兩塊集流板分财在兩塊流道板未形成導㈣之另一 表面。由於導流板本身亦具有導電性，故，習知技術中 亦有省略集流板之設計’直接以導流板兼作集流板之用 表單編號Α0101 第5頁/共28頁 Ο993256109Ό 1333291 099年07月16日梭正替換頁 [_ U下對質子交換難料電池之反應機理作簡單描述。 _] f子交換膜燃料電池採用氫氣為燃料，氧氣或空氣為氧 化劑。在陽極區’氫氣在催化劑作用下發生催化化學反 應產生氫正離子（質子），並釋放出電子；質子通過質子 父換膜遷移至陰極區。在陰極區，氧氣在與遷移過來的 質子發生反應生成產物水。反應表達式如下： [0009] 陽極反應：H2(2H + + 2e [0010] 陰極反應：l/202 + 2H + + 2e(H20 剛《料電鱗行雜巾，馳⑽㈣紅導流板㈣ _ 均句分散氫氣絲氣之仙，使得氫氣及氧氣可均句分 散於膜電極’並分财絲劑仙下發生催化反 應。如上所述’為能使氣體分散均句，習知技術之導流 板與膜電極接觸之表面形成有至少一條導流槽。雖然導 流槽能夠增強氣體分散均勻性，但是，由於導流板上需 要有凸起之連續溝壁（側壁）圍築成導流槽，氣體僅能沿 導流槽流動分散，氣體卻不可到達這些凸起之溝壁頂冑 表面，仍_能使氣體完全_分散至膜電極整個表面 « [_習知技術之燃料電池還存在燃料請轉化效率問題：燃 料氣體轉化為電能之效率與理論目標值相差較大。轉化 效率很大程度上取決於氫氣及氧氣於膜電極兩表面之分 佈均勻性。習知技射，由於氫倾氧氣僅能沿導流槽 流動，只有那些大致與導_對齡狀金屬催化劑能 夠與風氣或氧氣接觸，從而發生#化反應。另外，由於 094112058 表單編號A0101 第6頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替換頁 催化劑顆粒粒徑非常小，一般為微米級或奈米級，使得 有些沿導流槽流動之氣體未能碰到相應之催化劑顆粒， 從而氣體未能來得及發生反應即流出燃料電池内部。 [0013] 習知技術還存在另一個問題：在膜電極與導流板之界面 導電性較差（電阻大）。為能夠將燃料電池反應產生之所 有電子導出至外電路（負載），必需將整個膜電極表面發 生反應產生之電子及時、連續傳導至集流板。惟，習知 技術中，由於導流槽係空隙，在此位置發生反應產生之 電子無法與導體相連，無法傳導至集流板。另外，導流 板本身（通常由金屬或石墨製成）亦具有一定電阻。 [0014] 因此，提供一種可提高氣體分散均.勻性、使氦體能夠最 大限度均勻分散於整個膜電極表面，並提為燃料氣體轉 化效率，提高導電性之導流板結構實為必要。 【發明内容】 [0015] 以下將通過若干實施例說明一種具有優良分散均勻性、 轉化效率提高、導電性能與導熱性能良好之燃料電池及 • 其導流板結構。 [0016] 為實現上述内容，提供一種燃料電池導流板結構，其包 括一導流板本體，其具有一導流床，該導流板係金屬材 質，該導流板之導流床之表面沉積有阻隔層；複數奈米 碳管生長於該導流床之阻隔層上，該等奈米碳管基本垂 直排列於該導流床表面。 [0017] 所述奈米碳管之間相距一定距離；該距離大約為100奈米 左右。 094112058 表單編號Α0101 第7頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替换ϊ [0018] 該等奈米碳管構成奈米碳管陣列，奈米碳管陣列之表面 進一步包含貴金屬催化劑顆粒，該貴金屬催化劑包括鉑 、釕、金及其合金。 [0019] 該導流板本體進一步設置有一隔板，該隔板將導流床分 隔為二部分，並留有一開口連通該分隔之二部分。 [0020] 以及，提供一種燃料電池，其包括：一膜電極組；二塊 導流板，該膜電極被夾於該二塊導流板之間；其中，每 塊導流板一側開設有一導流床，每塊導流板均係金屬材 質，每塊導流板之導流床之表面均沉積有阻隔層，每個 · 導流床之阻隔層上均生長有複數奈米碳管，該複數奈米 碳管基本垂直排列於該導流床表面。 [0021] 每塊導流板開設有輸入/輸出通道，用於輸入、輸出燃料 氣體或氧化劑。 [0022] 該燃料電池進一步具有密封結構，例如：該導流板開設 有密封凹槽，並安裝有與該密封凹槽相配之密封圈。 [0023] 相較於先前技術，本技術方案之優點在於：由於奈米碳 < 管之間距非常小，約100奈米左右，即1 00 0個氫原子排列 寬度左右，故，當氫氣於奈米碳管之間流動時，其係以 原子大小尺寸分散流動，如此有利於提高燃料氣體分散 均勻性；其次，以原子大小尺寸分散之氫氣容易與催化 劑顆粒接觸，從而提高轉化效率；第三，奈米碳管導電 性非常好，其電阻小於傳統金屬，並且奈米碳管均勻分 散於整個導流床内，使每根奈米碳管均能傳輸電子，從 而將反應產生的電子全面傳輸至集電板；第四，奈米碳 094112058 表單編號 Α0101 第 8 頁/共 28 頁 0993256109-0 099年07月16日核正替換頁 1333,291 管之徑向導熱性能極為優良，有利於將燃料電池反應產 生的熱量最大限度傳導至冷卻面，並被冷卻媒介帶走熱 量，保持燃料電池内部溫度不致過熱。 【實施方式】 [0024] 以下結合圖式以及具體實施方式詳細說明本發明技術方 案之内容。 [0025] 請參閱第一圖至第五圖，本發明第一實施例之導流板製 . 備方法包括以下步驟。 φ [0026] 首先，請參閱第一圖及第二圖，本發明第一實施例首先 提供一導流板110，其表面藉由壓鑄、沖壓或機械銑刻等 _________ 二-. _... . 合適方法形成凹進一定深度之導流床112。當然也可由其 他方式形成導流床112。該導流板110可由導電金屬製成 ，例如銅金屬；亦可由導電性非金屬製成，例如石墨。 導流床112之深度應根據後續形成之奈米碳管之高度而預 先設定，一般為數十微米至數毫米。導流板110之兩相對 側邊開設有入口 114及出口 11 5，該入口 114及出口 11 5均 • 與導流床112連通，用於通入、導出燃料氣體或氧化劑， 必要時出口 11 5亦可用作產物水導出通道。另外，由於燃 料電池運行時溫度較高，通常需採用冷卻手段進行降溫 。故，可選擇的，本實施例可以在導流板110之内部開設 冷卻通道（圖未示），用以通入冷卻水或其他冷卻媒介。 [0027] 如第三圖所示，於導流床112表面沈積一層用於生長奈米 碳管之催化劑層120，該催化劑層120可包括鐵、鈷、鎳 及該三種金屬任意組合之合金。催化劑層120之厚度可為 數奈米至數百奈米，沈積方法包括濺射法、蒸鍍法或其 094112058 表單編號 A0101 第 9 頁/共 28 頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日核正替换k 他合適之薄膜方法。應當指出，當導流板110為金屬材質 時，為防止金屬催化劑層與導流板110發生反應，影響催 化劑之活性，可以於沈積催化劑層12 0之前，先行沈積一 層矽薄膜層、二氧化矽薄膜層或其他阻隔層，用以阻止 催化劑層120與金屬底材發生反應，確保催化劑層120於 後續反應時之催化活性；當導流板110為非金屬，例如為 石墨時，可以不需形成上述阻隔層。 [0028] 如第四圖所示，採用化學氣相沈積法（CVD)藉由催化劑層 120之催化作用，於導流床112形成有催化劑層之表面生 g 長奈米碳管122。大量奈米碳管12 2構成奈米碳管陣列（圖 未標示）。目前，關於化學氣相沈積法生長奈米碳管之方 法已經較為成熟，業界已有很多習知技術，此處不再詳 細描述。採用化學氣相沈積法可以生長出大量奈米碳管 ，各奈米碳管基本垂直於基底、高度大致相同、相互平 行有序排列形成奈米碳管陣列。奈米碳管之高度與生長 所用時間有關，一般可達數百微米甚至達毫米級。本實 施例中，奈米碳管之高度與導流床112之深度相同或稍長 g ，這樣使得奈米碳管陣列表面與導流板表面平齊或稍微 凸出。 [0029] 如第五圖所示，為單獨一根奈米碳管之示意圖。奈米碳 管為圓柱狀之石墨層結構，其具有奈米級之細小直徑（外 徑R)，内徑R0可小於1奈米，大長徑比（即長度Η與外徑R 之比值H/R)，良好導電性，機械強度高，可彎折不易斷 裂，徑向導熱性能優良。奈米碳管包括單壁奈米碳管與 多壁奈米碳管。多壁奈米碳管係由多層同心圓柱組成之 094112058 表單編號Α0101 第10頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333.291 099年07月16日修正替換頁 結構，其外徑較大；一般採用化學氣相沈積法生長之奈 米碳管大多為多壁奈米碳管陣列，通常相鄰奈米碳管之 間距離約為100奈米左右。本技術領域習知技藝者應當了 解，藉由控制催化劑之顆粒度、分散狀況以及圖案化， 可實現奈米碳管之可控生長，亦可控制奈米碳管之直徑 大小以及相互距離，故，奈米碳管之間相互距離並不限 於以上實施方式。 [0030] 可選擇的，本發明第一實施例還可進一步於上述步驟形 成之奈米碳管陣列表面濺鍍一層貴金屬催化劑層（圖未標 示）。該貴金屬催化劑層包括觸媒金屬顆粒，例如鉑（Pt) 、金（Au)、釕（Ru)或其合金微粒。痛媒H顆粒之粒徑 最好為卜100奈米。 :: [0031] 請參閱第六圖，採用本發明第一實施例之導流板構成燃 料電池單元10之結構分解剖示圖。該燃料電池單元10主 要包括由膜電極20、二塊導流板110及110’構成，膜電 極20夾於導流板110及110’之間。其中，膜電極20包括 導電性多孔碳紙210、211及質子交換膜212，而且質子 交換膜212夾於二碳紙210及211之間。二塊導流板110及 110’結構相同，具有形成於催化劑層1 20(120’ ）表面 之奈米碳管122(1 22’），大量奈米碳管122( 122’）排 列形成奈米碳管陣列，奈米碳管陣列表面與導流板平齊 或稍微凸出。通常，每張碳紙210(211)與質子交換膜 21 2接觸之表面可含有催化劑顆粒（包括鉑、金、釕或其 合金等）；當奈米碳管陣列表面形成有催化劑層時，則碳 紙與質子交換膜相互接觸之表面可以不需含有催化劑顆 094112058 表單編號A0101 第11頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替换頁 料。 [0032] 應當指出，上述燃料電池單元還設有密封結構，用以將 燃料電池内部之相鄰二塊導流板隔離並密封。由於燃料 電池使用氫氣及氧氣產生電能，其内部密封性能非常重 要。如果密封不好而產生電池内部氣體泄漏，可能使得 氫氣與純氧氣混合發生爆炸；如果氣體向外部泄漏，則 可能使氫氣與氧氣向電池外部泄出，當積聚到一定濃度 亦可能發生爆炸。 [0033] 如第七圖所示，本實施方式可以採用以下密封結構：於 導流板110邊緣、圍繞導流床11 2外圍開設密封凹槽（圖未 標示），並配合以相應之密封圈116嵌入該密封凹槽。另 一塊導流板110’相應位置亦可開設密封凹槽或凸起，當 二塊導流板110及110’互相夾緊時，密封圈116被壓迫 從而將二塊導流板密封並隔離。 [0034] 除此之外，本實施例亦可採用’以下密封方式確保電池内 部密封性能，例如：BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell structure, and more particularly to a baffle structure for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. [Prior Art] A fuel cell is an electrochemical power generating device that converts fuel and oxidant into electric energy and generates a reaction product. Compared with other battery systems such as anatory batteries and clock batteries, fuel cells have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low environmental pollution, wide application, no noise, and continuous operation. They are widely used in military, defense, and civil power, automobiles, and Communication and other fields. · Fuel cells are generally classified into alkaline fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Among them, proton exchange membrane fuel cells have developed rapidly in recent years and have attracted worldwide attention. Generally, a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit mainly includes a membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly, MEA for short), a deflector (F1〇w Field Plate, abbreviated as FFP), and a current collector plate (Current c〇1_ lector Plate). component. The membrane electrode (MEA), also known as the membrane electrode assembly, is the core component of the battery unit. The fuel gas (hydrogen) and the oxidant (pure oxygen or oxygen-containing air) react electrochemically here to release electrons and produce water. The membrane electrode is generally composed of a proton exchange membrane (Proton Exchange Membrane) and two porous conductive layers (anode and cathode, respectively) which are lost on both surfaces of the proton exchange crucible. The proton exchange membrane is made of a proton conductive material, and a conventional technique includes, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane type 'polystyrene sulfonic acid type membrane, a polytrifluorophorase type sulfonic acid type membrane' phenolic resin sulfonic acid type membrane, Hydrocarbons 094112058 Form bat number A0101 Page 4 / Total 28 pages 0993256109-0 099 July olfactory, Gore film, etc. as proton exchange membrane. The porous conductive layer is generally made of a conductive material, such as carbon paper, which has at least a substrate having a porous structure, and an electrocatalyst layer is formed on the substrate of the porous structure. In the prior art, the electrocatalyst layer comprises a mixture of electrocatalytic particles and proton conductive particles, wherein the electrocatalytic particles generally comprise conductive particles (typically carbon particles) and catalyst particles (precious metals including platinum, gold, rhodium or alloys thereof). Wait). The deflector (FFP), also known as the flow bed plate, is generally made of a conductive material such as graphite, conductive plastic, metal, and the like. In each battery cell, the membrane electrode (MEA) is sandwiched between two baffles, and the surface of each baffle that is in contact with the membrane electrode is i-cast, sampled, or mechanically milled. The method is formed with one or a plurality of flow guiding grooves, which are respectively used for guiding fuel gas, oxidant or reaction product water. These channels are used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the anode and cathode surfaces, and as a conduit for taking water from the fuel cell during operation. In practical application, in order to increase the total power of the fuel cell, the plurality of fuel cell units may be connected in series to form a battery pack. At this time, both surfaces of one baffle may be formed with a flow guiding groove, which is respectively used as a membrane electrode. The anode flow guiding surface, and the cathode flow guiding surface of the other membrane electrode, the baffle having the guiding groove on both sides can also be called a bipolar plate. The current collector is made of a general conductive material, and two collector plates are usually used in one battery unit to divide the other surface of the two flow channel plates without forming a guide (four). Since the baffle itself is also electrically conductive, the design of the current collecting plate is omitted in the prior art. The form number of the baffle plate is also used as the current collecting plate. Α0101 Page 5 of 28 Ο 993256109 Ό 1333291 099 On July 16th, the shuttle is replacing the page [_ U to briefly describe the reaction mechanism of the proton exchange difficult battery. _] f sub-exchange membrane fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel, oxygen or air as oxidant. In the anode region, the catalytic chemical reaction of hydrogen under the action of a catalyst generates hydrogen cations (protons) and releases electrons; the protons migrate to the cathode region through the proton parent. In the cathode region, oxygen reacts with the migrated protons to form product water. The reaction expression is as follows: [0009] Anodic reaction: H2 (2H + + 2e [0010] Cathodic reaction: l/202 + 2H + + 2e (H20 just "electric scales, scallops, Chi (10) (four) red deflector (4) _ The uniform sentence disperses the scent of hydrogen gas, so that hydrogen and oxygen can be uniformly dispersed in the membrane electrode and catalyzed under the filaments. As described above, the flow of the conventional technique can be used to disperse the gas. The surface of the plate contacting the membrane electrode is formed with at least one flow guiding groove. Although the guiding groove can enhance the uniformity of gas dispersion, the continuous groove wall (side wall) which needs to have a convexity on the deflector is surrounded by a diversion channel. The gas can only flow and disperse along the diversion channel, but the gas can not reach the surface of the top wall of the raised groove wall, and still can completely disperse the gas to the entire surface of the membrane electrode « [_The fuel cell of the prior art still has fuel Please change the efficiency problem: the efficiency of conversion of fuel gas into electric energy is quite different from the theoretical target value. The conversion efficiency depends largely on the uniformity of distribution of hydrogen and oxygen on both surfaces of the membrane electrode. Only along the guide channel The only ones that are roughly in contact with the metal catalyst can contact the wind or oxygen, resulting in a #化 reaction. In addition, due to the 094112058 form number A0101 page 6 / 28 pages 0993256109-0 1333291 099 July 16 The replacement page catalyst particle size is very small, generally on the order of micrometers or nanometers, so that some of the gas flowing along the flow channel fails to encounter the corresponding catalyst particles, so that the gas does not have time to react and flows out of the fuel cell. [0013] Another problem exists in the prior art: the interface between the membrane electrode and the baffle is poorly conductive (large resistance). In order to be able to export all the electrons generated by the fuel cell reaction to the external circuit (load), it is necessary to The electrons generated by the reaction on the surface of the membrane electrode are continuously and continuously conducted to the current collecting plate. However, in the prior art, due to the gap of the guiding channel, the electrons generated by the reaction at this position cannot be connected to the conductor and cannot be conducted to the current collecting plate. In addition, the baffle itself (usually made of metal or graphite) also has a certain electrical resistance. [0014] Therefore, a High gas dispersion uniformity, uniformity of the corpus callosum can be uniformly dispersed throughout the surface of the membrane electrode, and it is necessary to improve the fuel gas conversion efficiency and improve the conductivity of the baffle structure. [Summary of the Invention] [0015] A fuel cell having excellent dispersion uniformity, improved conversion efficiency, good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and a baffle structure thereof will be described by way of several embodiments. [0016] To achieve the above, a fuel cell baffle structure is provided. The utility model comprises a deflector body, which has a flow guiding bed, the deflector is made of a metal material, and a surface of the flow guiding bed of the deflector is deposited with a barrier layer; a plurality of carbon nanotubes are grown on the guiding bed. On the barrier layer, the carbon nanotubes are arranged substantially vertically on the surface of the flow guiding bed. [0017] The carbon nanotubes are separated by a certain distance; the distance is about 100 nm. 094112058 Form No. 1010101 Page 7 of 28 0993256109-0 1333291 Correction Replacement 07 on July 16, 2009 [0018] The carbon nanotubes form an array of carbon nanotubes, and the surface of the carbon nanotube array further contains precious metals. Catalyst particles comprising platinum, rhodium, gold and alloys thereof. [0019] The baffle body is further provided with a partition that divides the flow guide bed into two parts and leaves an opening to communicate with the two parts of the partition. [0020] Moreover, a fuel cell is provided, comprising: a membrane electrode assembly; two baffles sandwiched between the two baffles; wherein each baffle has one side The guide bed, each of the baffles is made of a metal material, and a barrier layer is deposited on the surface of each of the baffles of the baffle, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes are grown on the barrier layer of each of the baffles. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged substantially vertically on the surface of the flow guiding bed. [0021] Each baffle is provided with an input/output channel for inputting and outputting a fuel gas or an oxidant. [0022] The fuel cell further has a sealing structure, for example, the baffle has a sealing groove and is fitted with a sealing ring that matches the sealing groove. [0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution has the advantage that since the distance between the nanotubes and the tubes is very small, about 100 nm, that is, the arrangement width of 1000 hydrogen atoms is about When flowing between the carbon nanotubes, they are dispersed in atomic size, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of fuel gas dispersion. Secondly, hydrogen dispersed in atomic size is easily contacted with the catalyst particles, thereby improving conversion efficiency; The carbon nanotubes have very good electrical conductivity, the electrical resistance is smaller than that of the conventional metal, and the carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed throughout the diversion bed, so that each of the carbon nanotubes can transmit electrons, thereby fully transmitting the electrons generated by the reaction. To the collector board; fourth, nano carbon 094112058 Form number Α 0101 page 8 / 28 page 0993256109-0 099 July 16 nuclear replacement page 1333, 291 tube radial thermal conductivity is excellent, it will be beneficial The heat generated by the fuel cell reaction is transmitted to the cooling surface to the maximum extent, and is taken away by the cooling medium to keep the internal temperature of the fuel cell from overheating. [Embodiment] The contents of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. [0025] Referring to the first to fifth figures, the method for preparing the deflector according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps. Φ [0026] First, referring to the first figure and the second figure, the first embodiment of the present invention first provides a baffle 110 whose surface is by die casting, stamping or mechanical milling, etc. _________ II-. _.. A suitable method forms a flow guide bed 112 recessed to a certain depth. The deflector bed 112 can of course be formed in other ways. The baffle 110 may be made of a conductive metal such as copper metal or a conductive non-metal such as graphite. The depth of the guide bed 112 should be set in advance based on the height of the subsequently formed carbon nanotubes, typically tens of microns to several millimeters. The opposite sides of the deflector 110 are provided with an inlet 114 and an outlet 11 5, and the inlet 114 and the outlet 11 5 are both connected to the guide bed 112 for introducing and discharging fuel gas or oxidant, and if necessary, the outlet 11 5 It can also be used as a product water outlet channel. In addition, due to the high temperature of the fuel cell during operation, cooling is usually required to cool down. Therefore, in this embodiment, a cooling passage (not shown) may be opened inside the deflector 110 for introducing cooling water or other cooling medium. [0027] As shown in the third figure, a catalyst layer 120 for growing a carbon nanotube is deposited on the surface of the flow guiding bed 112, and the catalyst layer 120 may include iron, cobalt, nickel, and an alloy of any combination of the three metals. The thickness of the catalyst layer 120 may range from several nanometers to several hundred nanometers, and the deposition method includes sputtering method, vapor deposition method or its 094112058 Form No. A0101, Page 9 of 28, 0993256109-0 1333291 Replace k with the appropriate film method. It should be noted that when the deflector 110 is made of a metal material, in order to prevent the metal catalyst layer from reacting with the deflector 110 and affecting the activity of the catalyst, a thin film layer of ruthenium and ruthenium dioxide may be deposited before depositing the catalyst layer 120. a film layer or other barrier layer for preventing the catalyst layer 120 from reacting with the metal substrate to ensure catalytic activity of the catalyst layer 120 in the subsequent reaction; when the deflector 110 is non-metal, such as graphite, it may not be formed. The above barrier layer. [0028] As shown in the fourth figure, the surface of the catalyst layer is formed by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by the catalytic layer 120 to form a surface of the catalyst layer to form a long carbon nanotube 122. A large number of carbon nanotubes 12 2 form an array of carbon nanotubes (not shown). At present, the method for growing carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition has been relatively mature, and there are many conventional technologies in the industry, which will not be described in detail herein. A large number of carbon nanotubes can be grown by chemical vapor deposition. Each of the carbon nanotubes is substantially perpendicular to the substrate and has substantially the same height and arranged in parallel to form an array of carbon nanotubes. The height of the carbon nanotubes is related to the time it takes to grow, typically up to hundreds of microns or even millimeters. In this embodiment, the height of the carbon nanotubes is the same as or slightly longer than the depth of the baffle 112, such that the surface of the carbon nanotube array is flush or slightly convex with the surface of the baffle. [0029] As shown in the fifth figure, it is a schematic diagram of a single carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is a cylindrical graphite layer structure having a nanometer fine diameter (outer diameter R), an inner diameter R0 of less than 1 nm, and a large aspect ratio (ie, a ratio of length Η to outer diameter R). /R), good electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, can be bent and not easily broken, and has excellent radial thermal conductivity. Nano carbon tubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are composed of multi-layer concentric cylinders. 094112058 Form No. 1010101 Page 10/Total 28 Pages 0993256109-0 1333.291 Modified on July 16, 2009, the replacement page structure has a large outer diameter; Most of the carbon nanotubes grown by the deposition method are multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays, and the distance between adjacent carbon nanotubes is usually about 100 nm. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that by controlling the particle size, dispersion, and patterning of the catalyst, controlled growth of the carbon nanotubes can be achieved, as well as controlling the diameter and mutual distance of the carbon nanotubes. The mutual distance between the carbon nanotubes is not limited to the above embodiment. [0030] Alternatively, the first embodiment of the present invention may further deposit a layer of a precious metal catalyst layer (not shown) on the surface of the carbon nanotube array formed by the above steps. The noble metal catalyst layer includes catalytic metal particles such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), ruthenium (Ru) or alloy fine particles thereof. The particle size of the pain vector H particles is preferably 100 nm. [0031] Referring to the sixth drawing, a structural anatomical view of the fuel cell unit 10 is constructed using the deflector of the first embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell unit 10 mainly comprises a membrane electrode 20, two baffles 110 and 110', and a membrane electrode 20 is sandwiched between the baffles 110 and 110'. The membrane electrode 20 includes conductive porous carbon papers 210 and 211 and a proton exchange membrane 212, and the proton exchange membrane 212 is sandwiched between the carbon paper sheets 210 and 211. The two baffles 110 and 110' have the same structure, and have a carbon nanotube 122 (1 22') formed on the surface of the catalyst layer 120 (120'), and a plurality of carbon nanotubes 122 (122') are arranged to form a nanometer. In the carbon tube array, the surface of the carbon nanotube array is flush with the baffle or slightly convex. Generally, the surface of each carbon paper 210 (211) in contact with the proton exchange membrane 21 2 may contain catalyst particles (including platinum, gold, rhodium or alloys thereof); when a catalyst layer is formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube array, The surface of the carbon paper and the proton exchange membrane may not need to contain the catalyst particles. 094112058 Form No. A0101 Page 11 / 28 pages 0993256109-0 1333291 The replacement sheet is corrected on July 16, 2009. [0032] It should be noted that the above fuel cell unit is further provided with a sealing structure for isolating and sealing adjacent two baffles inside the fuel cell. Since the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, its internal sealing performance is very important. If the seal is not good and the internal gas leakage of the battery is generated, the hydrogen may be mixed with pure oxygen to explode; if the gas leaks to the outside, the hydrogen and oxygen may be released to the outside of the battery, and an explosion may occur when accumulated to a certain concentration. [0033] As shown in the seventh figure, the present embodiment may adopt the following sealing structure: a sealing groove (not shown) is formed around the periphery of the deflector 11 at the edge of the deflector 110, and is matched with a corresponding sealing ring. 116 is embedded in the sealing groove. The other baffle 110' may also have a sealing groove or protrusion at a corresponding position. When the two baffles 110 and 110' are clamped to each other, the sealing ring 116 is pressed to seal and isolate the two baffles. [0034] In addition to this, the present embodiment can also ensure the internal sealing performance of the battery by the following sealing method, for example:
[0035] (a)採用較大面積的質子交換膜，而碳紙面積小於質子交 換膜，將二張碳紙夾住質子交換膜有效部分（即與碳紙相 同面積部分），質子交換膜邊緣部分即可直接作為密封材 料，並可防止相鄰二塊導流板直接接觸而發生短路。 [0036] (b)於二塊導流板之間設置密封墊圈（圖未示）：採用面積 大於質子交換膜的碳紙，將密封墊圈設置於質子交換膜 表面用以隔離二塊導流板並密封。 應當指出，本發明之技術方案並不限於上述密封方式， 094112058 表單编號A0101 第12頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 [0037] 1333291 - 099年07月16日按正躲頁 習知技術其他密封結構或方式亦可適用於本技術方案。 另外，燃料電池單元還可包括其他辅助組成部分，例如 集流板、固持裝置、緊固螺絲、燃料氣體導管等。 [0038] 使用時，陽極之燃料氣體由導流板110之入口 114通入至 導流床112，並沿奈米碳管122之間的空隙流動，當燃料 氣體與奈米碳管陣列表面之催化劑顆粒接觸時，或燃料 氣體透過碳紙210與催化劑顆粒接觸時，氫氣被催化分解 為質子並釋放出電子，質子透過質子交換膜212遷移至陰 極，如果有剩餘未反應之燃料氣體則由出口11 5輸出；在 陰極，氧化劑（氧氣）由導流板11 0 ’通入，並沿奈米碳管 122’之間的空隙流動，當質:手遷移S-ϋ與氧氣接觸時 ，發生反應生成產物水，如果有未反之氧氣及產物水 則由出口（圖未示）輸出。 [0039] 本技術方案之優點在於：首先，由於奈米碳管122(122’ )之間距非常小，約100奈米左右，即1 000個氫原子排列 寬度左右，故，當氫氣於奈米碳管之間流動時，其係以 φ 原子大小尺寸分散流動，如此有利於提高燃料氣體分散 均勻性；其次，以原子大小尺寸分散之氫氣容易與奈米 碳管陣列表面之催化劑顆粒接觸，或者透過碳纸210與催 化劑顆粒接觸，從而提高轉化效率；第三，奈米碳管導 電性非常好，其電阻小於傳統金屬，並且奈米碳管均勻 分散於整個導流床内，使每根奈米碳管均能傳輸電子， 從而將反應產生的電子全面傳輸至集電板；第四，奈米 碳管之徑向導熱性能極其優良，有利於將燃料電池反應 產生的熱量最大限度傳導至冷卻面，並被冷卻媒介帶走 094112058 表單編號Α0101 第13頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替换頁 熱量，保持燃料電池内部溫度不致過熱。 [0040] 如第八圖所示，本發明第二實施例提供一導流板310，其 與第一實施例之導流板110基本相同，具有凹進一定深度 之導流床（圖未標示），導流床底面形成有基本垂直底面 之奈米碳管322，大量奈米碳管排列形成奈米碳管陣列， 相鄰奈米碳管之間距離大致相同，約為100奈米左右；區 別之處在於，導流床還形成有一隔板316，該隔板316由 導流床第一側邊（圖未標示）向相對第二側邊延伸，並且 隔板316未與第二侧邊接觸，二者之間留有一定間隔；入 g 口 314及出口 31 5分別開設於第一側邊兩端。如此，隔板 316將導流床分隔為大小基本相同第一及第二部分，該二 部分可以藉由該隔板31 6與第二側邊之間形成之間隔而互 相連通。使用時，燃料氣體或氧氣可由入口 314輸入導流 床，並充分流經導流床第一部分，然後通過隔板316與第 二側邊之間形成之間隔流動至導流床第二部分，最後由 出口 315導出。這種結構可使入口 314與出口 315設置於 同一侧邊，並使燃料氣體或氧氣充分流過導流床每個部 .| 分。 [0041] 複數燃料電池單元還可用於構成燃料電池組。 [0042] 如第九圖所示，本發明第三實施例提供一堆疊式燃料電 池組40，其包括複數膜電極41、42、43及複數導流板 410、420，其中相鄰二塊導流板將一塊膜電極夾於中間 。除最外邊導流板（圖未示）一侧具有導流面之外，其他 導流板相反二側均具有導流面。例如：導流板410及420 結構相同，每塊導流板相對二表面均形成有導流床及奈 094112058 表單編號A0101 第14頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替换頁 米碳管陣列。每塊導流板同時用作一膜電極之陽極面、 另一膜電極之陰極面。如此，堆疊式電池組40可提供高 功率電能輸出。 [0043] 以上僅描述燃料電池組之主要部件，其他外圍輔助組件（ 例如緊固裝置、燃料傳輸設計等）可參考習知技術，在此 不作詳細描述。 [0044] 綜上所述，本發明符合發明專利要件，爰依法提出專利 申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施方式，本 發明之範圍並不以上述實施方式為限，舉凡熟悉本發明 技藝之人士，在援依本發明精神所作之等效修飾或變化 ，皆應包含於以下之申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 [0045] 第一圖係本發明第一實施例提供一導流板之剖示圖。 [0046] 第二圖係本發明第一實施例提供之導流板之俯視圖。 [0047] 第三圖係本發明第一實施例於導流板内沈積形成催化劑 層之剖示圖。 [0048] 第四圖係本發明第一實施例於催化劑層生長形成奈米碳 管之示意圖。 [0049] 第五圖係單根奈米碳管之結構示意圖。 [0050] 第六圖係本發明第一實施例之燃料電池主要結構之分解 剖示圖。 [0051] 第七圖係本發明第一實施例之導流板密封結構之俯視圖 094112058 表單編號A0101 第15頁/共28頁 0993256109-0 1333291 099年07月16日修正替換頁 [0052] 第八圖係本發明第二實施例之導流板之俯視圖。 [0053] 第九圖係本發明第三實施例之堆疊式燃料電池組之分解 剖示圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 [0054] 燃料電池單元：10 [0055] 燃料電池組：40 [0056] 導流床：112[0035] (a) using a large area of proton exchange membrane, and the carbon paper area is smaller than the proton exchange membrane, sandwiching two carbon papers on the effective part of the proton exchange membrane (ie, the same area portion as the carbon paper), the edge of the proton exchange membrane The part can be directly used as a sealing material, and can prevent short circuit by directly contacting two adjacent baffles. [0036] (b) a sealing gasket is disposed between the two baffles (not shown): a carbon paper having a larger area than the proton exchange membrane is used, and a sealing gasket is disposed on the surface of the proton exchange membrane to isolate the two baffles And sealed. It should be noted that the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above sealing method, 094112058 Form No. A0101 Page 12 / Total 28 Page 0993256109-0 [0037] 1333291 - July 16, 099, according to the original hiding technology, other sealing The structure or manner can also be applied to the technical solution. In addition, the fuel cell unit may also include other auxiliary components such as a current collecting plate, a holding device, a fastening screw, a fuel gas conduit, and the like. [0038] In use, the fuel gas of the anode is introduced into the flow guiding bed 112 from the inlet 114 of the deflector 110, and flows along the gap between the carbon nanotubes 122, when the fuel gas and the surface of the carbon nanotube array When the catalyst particles are in contact, or when the fuel gas is in contact with the catalyst particles through the carbon paper 210, the hydrogen gas is catalytically decomposed into protons and emits electrons, and the protons migrate to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane 212, and if there is remaining unreacted fuel gas, the outlet is exited. 11 5 output; at the cathode, the oxidant (oxygen) is introduced by the deflector 11 0 ', and flows along the gap between the carbon nanotubes 122', when the mass: hand migration S-ϋ reacts with oxygen, reacts The product water is produced, and if there is no oxygen or product water, it is output from the outlet (not shown). [0039] The advantages of the technical solution are as follows: First, since the distance between the carbon nanotubes 122 (122') is very small, about 100 nm, that is, the arrangement width of 1 000 hydrogen atoms, so when hydrogen is in the nanometer When flowing between the carbon tubes, they are dispersed in a size of φ atom, which is advantageous for improving the uniformity of fuel gas dispersion. Secondly, the hydrogen dispersed in atomic size is easily contacted with the catalyst particles on the surface of the carbon nanotube array, or The carbon paper 210 is contacted with the catalyst particles to improve the conversion efficiency; thirdly, the carbon nanotubes have very good electrical conductivity, the electrical resistance is smaller than that of the conventional metal, and the carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed throughout the diversion bed, so that each The carbon nanotubes can transmit electrons to transmit the electrons generated by the reaction to the collector plate. Fourth, the carbon nanotubes have excellent thermal conductivity, which is beneficial to the maximum heat transfer from the fuel cell to the cooling. Face, and taken away by the cooling medium 094112058 Form No. 1010101 Page 13 / Total 28 Page 0993256109-0 1333291 Correction of the replacement page heat, keep burning Temperature inside the battery from overheating. [0040] As shown in the eighth embodiment, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a baffle 310 which is substantially the same as the baffle 110 of the first embodiment, and has a diversion bed with a certain depth (not shown). a bottom surface of the flow guide bed is formed with a substantially vertical bottom surface of the carbon nanotubes 322, a plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged to form a carbon nanotube array, and the distance between adjacent carbon nanotubes is substantially the same, about 100 nm; The difference is that the flow guiding bed is further formed with a partition 316 extending from the first side of the baffle bed (not shown) to the opposite second side, and the partition 316 is not connected to the second side Contact, leaving a certain interval between the two; the entrance g 314 and the outlet 31 5 are respectively opened at the two ends of the first side. Thus, the partition 316 divides the flow guide bed into first and second portions of substantially the same size, and the two portions can be interconnected by the space formed between the partition plate 316 and the second side. In use, fuel gas or oxygen may be fed into the baffle bed from inlet 314 and substantially through the first portion of the baffle bed, and then flow to the second portion of the baffle through the space formed between the baffle 316 and the second side, and finally Exported by outlet 315. This configuration allows the inlet 314 and the outlet 315 to be disposed on the same side and allows fuel gas or oxygen to flow sufficiently through each portion of the baffle. [0041] The plurality of fuel cell units can also be used to form a fuel cell stack. [0042] As shown in the ninth embodiment, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a stacked fuel cell stack 40 including a plurality of membrane electrodes 41, 42, 43 and a plurality of baffles 410, 420, wherein adjacent two blocks The flow plate sandwiches a membrane electrode in the middle. Except for the outermost baffle (not shown) having a flow guiding surface on one side, the other baffles have a flow guiding surface on opposite sides. For example, the baffles 410 and 420 have the same structure, and each of the baffles has a baffle bed formed on opposite sides of the baffle plate and Nai 094112058. Form No. A0101 Page 14 / 28 pages 0993256109-0 1333291 Correction and replacement on July 16, 2008 Page meter carbon tube array. Each baffle serves as both the anode side of one membrane electrode and the cathode side of the other membrane electrode. As such, stacked battery pack 40 provides high power power output. [0043] Only the main components of the fuel cell stack are described above. Other peripheral auxiliary components (such as fastening devices, fuel transmission designs, etc.) can be referred to conventional techniques and will not be described in detail herein. [0044] In summary, the present invention complies with the requirements of the invention patent, and submits a patent application according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and equivalent modifications or changes in the spirit of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. , should be included in the scope of the following patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0045] The first figure is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention. [0046] The second drawing is a plan view of the deflector provided by the first embodiment of the present invention. The third drawing is a cross-sectional view showing the deposition of a catalyst layer in the deflector of the first embodiment of the present invention. The fourth drawing is a schematic view showing the formation of a carbon nanotube in the catalyst layer in the first embodiment of the present invention. [0049] The fifth figure is a schematic structural view of a single carbon nanotube. [0050] Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the main structure of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a plan view of the baffle sealing structure of the first embodiment of the present invention. 094112058 Form No. A0101 Page 15 / Total 28 Page 0993256109-0 1333291 Correction replacement page [0072] The drawing is a plan view of a deflector of a second embodiment of the present invention. The ninth drawing is an exploded cross-sectional view showing a stacked fuel cell stack according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] [0054] Fuel cell unit: 10 [0055] Fuel cell stack: 40 [0056] Guide bed: 112
[0057] 出口 ： 11 5，31 5 [0058] 催化劑層：120，120’ [0059] 碳紙：21 0，211 [0060] 隔板：316 [0061] 膜電極：20, 41，42, 43 [0062] 導流板：110，110’ ，310，410，420[0057] Outlet: 11 5, 31 5 [0058] Catalyst layer: 120, 120' [0059] Carbon paper: 21 0, 211 [0060] Separator: 316 [0061] Membrane electrode: 20, 41, 42, 43 [0062] deflector: 110, 110', 310, 410, 420
[0063] 入口 ： 11 4，3 1 4 [0064] 密封圈：116 [0065] 奈米碳管：122，122’ ，322 [0066] 質子交換膜：212 094112058 表單編號A0101 第16頁/共28頁 099325610^-0[0063] Entrance: 11 4,3 1 4 [0064] Seal: 116 [0065] Carbon nanotubes: 122, 122', 322 [0066] Proton exchange membrane: 212 094112058 Form No. A0101 Page 16 of 28 Page 099325610^-0