TWI393711B - 1-〔3-〔3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基〕丙基〕哌啶之新穎鹽 - Google Patents
1-〔3-〔3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基〕丙基〕哌啶之新穎鹽 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI393711B TWI393711B TW095104184A TW95104184A TWI393711B TW I393711 B TWI393711 B TW I393711B TW 095104184 A TW095104184 A TW 095104184A TW 95104184 A TW95104184 A TW 95104184A TW I393711 B TWI393711 B TW I393711B
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- Prior art keywords
- propyl
- chlorophenyl
- propoxy
- piperidine monohydrochloride
- crystalline
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Description
本發明係關於一新穎化合物、其之製備方法、含有其之醫藥組成物及其治療醫學疾病之用途。
具有組織胺H3受體配體特性及隨之其藥理活性之醫藥產品係被描述於EP-982300中。在所揭示的該等之中尤其重要的產品為1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶。該化合物係以其自由鹼及草酸鹽被揭示。
作為自由鹼的1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶的用途有限,因為其油質本性。相對之下,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶草酸鹽為一結晶物質,但是其低的水性溶解度(在23℃下0.025公克/毫升)也限制其作為醫藥成分的用途。
隨之專利EP-1100503及EP-1428820提及1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶的特定鹽類。但是只特別說明一種鹽為草酸鹽。未說明結晶狀單鹽酸鹽。
吾等目前驚訝地發現一種1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶之新穎鹽,可使用其作為目前所述之自由鹽及草酸鹽之替換物。
本發明的觀點係提供式(I)之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽
及其醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物,包括水合物。
化合物(I)具有6±0.5%之最大水含量及展示在1112、1101、2936、2868、1455、2647、2551、1492及802±5公分-1
處之特徵性IR峰。
如本文所主張的結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽具有一具有特徵高峰(2 θ):11.2°、19.9°、20.7°及34.1°(±0.2°)之X-射線粉末繞射圖案,如在實例3之實驗數據中所示。
結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之水性溶解度(在23℃下4公克/毫升)出乎意外地高出草酸鹽之水性溶解度。而且單鹽酸鹽展示出比其鹽類對氧化條件更好的穩定性分布,如在實例4之實驗數據中所示。因此結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽提供一更適合於使其用作醫藥成分之鹽。
結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽可展示不同的水含量。但是自不同的樣品所獲得的X-射線繞射圖案顯示所有的樣品符合相同的晶體結構,除了與不同的水含量有關的小變化之外,如實例3的表2所示。
根據實驗研究,在1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽晶體中的水含量以從微量至6±0.5%為範圍。
在另一觀點中,本發明提供一製備結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之方法,其係藉由自由鹼產物與選自氯化氫及氫氯酸之反應物在適合的溶劑中反應及分離所沉澱之最終產物。反應完全發生在室溫下。反應物係以氯化氫較佳。以加入成為氣態氯化氫之氯化氫更佳。
適合的溶劑係選自由丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、水、醋酸乙酯、異丙醇、丁醇、異丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、己烷、甲苯、第三丁基甲醚、三氯乙烷和類似物及其混合物所組成的群組。溶劑係以醋酸乙酯較佳。
最終產物的沉澱作用可藉由冷卻整個反應而進行。適合於該操作的溫度從0至-15℃。
可將沉澱的最終產物以在有機化學中所使用的一些常見而不同的技術分離。以過濾法最佳。
可將分離的最終產物以有機化學的一些慣常而不同的技術純化。以結晶法最佳。
適合在結晶步驟中所使用的溶劑係選自由丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、水、醋酸乙酯、異丙醇、丁醇、異丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、己烷、甲苯、第三丁基甲醚、三氯乙烷和類似物及其混合物所組成的群組。適合在結晶步驟中所使用的溶劑係以醋酸乙酯與異丙醇之混合物較佳。
根據另一觀點,本發明係提供一治療遭受中樞神經系統疾病,如癲癇症、阿茲海默氏(Alzheimer’s)病、注意力不足、不眠和記憶障礙、在老年人中的精神病理性疾病中的認知缺陷、抑鬱和衰弱症狀及眩暈和暈動症之人類的方法,該方法包含將治療有效量之式(I)之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽與一起的醫藥上可接受之稀釋劑或載體投予該病患。可將本發明的該觀點另外規劃為結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽用於製造供治療上述疾病之藥劑的用途。
在另一觀點中,本發明提供一治療肥胖症的方法,該方法包含將治療有效量之式(I)之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽與一起的醫藥上可接受之稀釋劑或載體投予該病患。可將本發明的該觀點另外規劃為結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽用於製造供治療肥胖症之藥劑的用途。
在另一觀點中,本發明提供一治療心身性疾病、呼吸過敏症狀、發炎症狀、心臟症狀、胃腸症狀、泌尿生殖系統及皮膚系統,如睡眠疾病、睡眠呼吸暫停、以睡眠誘發的呼吸暫停、日嗜睡、壓力症、偏頭痛、頭痛、疼痛、精神病、氣喘病、支氣管炎、鼻炎、氣管炎、胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏(Crohn’s)病、急躁性腸徵候群、膀胱炎、子宮炎、排尿和排便失禁、蕁麻疹、搔癢症、關節炎、結膜炎、經前徵候群、前列腺發炎、生殖器疾病、風濕病和眼睛疾病、口水外流、抽搐、抑鬱症、下丘腦垂體分泌性疾病、腦循環及免疫系統的方法,該方法包含將治療有效量之式(I)之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽與一起的醫藥上可接受之稀釋劑或載體投予該病患。可將本發明的該觀點另外規劃為結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽用於製造供治療上述疾病之藥劑的用途。
根據本發明,”治療”術語涵蓋疾病或病理症狀的治療及預防兩者。
根據另一觀點,本發明提供一預防與抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑有關連的非所欲之副作用的方法。抗精神病劑係指阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、可洛拉平(clozapine)、奧氮平(olanzapine)、利培酮(risperidone)、喹硫平(quetiapine)和壽廷多(sertindole)及類似物;抗抑鬱劑係指米氮平(mirtazapine)、阿米替林(amitryptiline)和帕羅西汀(paroxetine)及類似物。與抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑有關連的非所欲之副作用包括體重增加、嗜睡及認知損傷。
本發明的組成物經常可採用口服投藥,但非經腸投藥之溶解用調配物也在本發明的範圍內。
組成物經常以含有從1至200毫克活性成分之單位劑型組成物提供予人類病患,更常從5至100毫克,例如10至50毫克,如10、12.5、15、20、25、30或40毫克。單位劑型最佳地包括20或40毫克活性成分。該等組成物正常係以每天服用從1至6次,例如每天2、3或4次,所以所投予之活性劑總量係在從5至400毫克之範圍內的活性成分。於是適合的日劑量從0.05至6毫克/公斤,以0.14至0.86毫克/公斤更佳。
較佳的單位劑型包括錠劑、塗佈之錠劑、膠囊及口服溶液。更佳的劑型為塗佈之錠劑。
在另一觀點中,本發明提供含有作為活性成分之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的組成物。
在另一觀點中,本發明也提供進一步包含抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑之組成物。代表性抗精神病劑係選自由阿立哌唑、可洛拉平、奧氮平、利培酮、喹硫平及壽廷多所組成的群組;以及代表性抗抑鬱劑係選自由米氮平、阿米替林及帕羅西汀多所組成的群組。
在含有抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑及本發明化合物之組成物中,抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑量代表一般的治療劑量,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽具有對抗抗精神病藥劑的三種非所欲之副作用(即體重增加、嗜睡及記憶損傷)中之至少一者的充足的劑量範圍。製劑之實例包括在從約5至約80毫克之劑量範圍內的本發明化合物與a)從約3至約20毫克奧氮平、b)從約0.5至約10毫克利培酮、c)從約10至約30毫克阿立哌唑或d)從約15至約45毫克米氮平。
可將本發明的組成物以摻合物的傳統方法調配,如混雜、填充、壓縮及塗佈。
適合於本發明使用的載體包括稀釋劑、結合劑、崩散劑、潤滑劑及助滑劑。組成物進一步包含膜塗料聚合物。
稀釋劑係選自包含磷酸鈣、磷酸二鈣、磷酸三鈣、硫酸鈣、無水乳糖、噴霧乾燥型乳糖、水合乳糖、纖維素、噴霧乾燥型微結晶纖維素、含有微結晶纖維素與乳糖之噴霧乾燥型組合物、矽化型微結晶纖維素、高嶺土、膨潤土、甘露醇、澱粉、碳酸鎂、山梨醇、蔗糖、肌醇、可壓縮糖、蘇糖和木糖醇及其混合物之群組。稀釋劑總重量係在以從20至90%為範圍。
結合劑係選自包含阿拉伯膠、微結晶纖維素、纖維素溶液,如羥丙基甲基纖維素、10-20%之明膠溶液、20-50%之葡萄糖溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、10-20%之澱粉糊、山梨醇、黃著膠、聚乙二醇、麥芽糊精、聚甲基丙烯酸酯和波維酮(povydone)及其混合物之群組。最大的結合劑總重量約20%。
崩散劑係選自包含玉米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、甲基纖維素、纖維素、羧甲基纖維素或其鹽類,如羧甲基纖維素鈣鹽、礦物黏土粉、膨潤土/維格姆(veegum)凝膠、濕潤劑,如月桂基硫酸鈉、超崩散劑(由於需要低濃度而命名,即2-4%)、交聯羧甲基纖維素、交聯聚維酮(crospovidone)和澱粉乙醇酸鈉及其混合物之群組。崩散劑總重量係以從2至5%為範圍。
潤滑劑係選自包含聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)、濃度小於1%之硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸、氫化植物油、滑石粉和山萮酸甘油酯及其混合物之群組。最大的潤滑劑總重量約5%。
助滑劑係選自包含膠態二氧化矽、滑石粉和玉米澱份及其混合物。助滑劑總重量係以從0.1至1%為範圍。
膜塗料聚合物係選自包含丙烯酸聚合物(以鹼性丁基化甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物較佳)、纖維素衍生物(如羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素和類似物)、聚乙烯醇和其與多糖類之混合物及其混合物之群組。
塗料聚合物懸浮劑之實例包含鹼性丁基化甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、月桂基硫酸鈉、硬脂酸及純水。
在必要時,膜塗料聚合物也包括增塑劑、潤滑劑及顏料。
顏料懸浮劑之實例包含滑石、二氧化鈦、硬脂酸鎂及純水。
在整個說明及申請專利範圍中,不想以”包含(comprise)”用字及該用字之變型,如”包含(comprising)”排除其它技術特徵、添加劑、組份或步驟。
在一旦檢視說明時,則本發明另外的目的、優點及特點可為那些熟諳本技藝者明白,或可從本發明的實施學習。以例證方式提供下列實例。
根據EP-982300之實例78中所揭示之方法,將3-哌啶基丙醇化鈉(2.127公斤,12.88莫耳)、甲磺酸3-(4-氯苯基)丙酯(1.121公斤,4.51莫耳)及0.322莫耳15-冠醚-5在4.5公斤無水甲苯中回流4小時。將溶劑蒸發及將殘餘物以在矽膠上的管柱色層分離法(洗提劑:二氯甲烷/甲醇
(90/10))純化。將所獲得的油在減壓下(0.3-0.7毫米汞柱)(40-93.3 Pa)及具有加熱夾套的分餾設備中在207-210℃下蒸餾。收集頂端餾份及在0.001-0.010毫米汞柱(0.133-1.33 Pa)下具有180-200℃之夾套溫度的蒸餾份。所獲得的油(1.0公斤,3.38莫耳)對應於1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶。產量75%。
將蒸餾之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶(1.0公斤)及無水醋酸乙酯(4.5公斤)轉移至配備冷卻浴及氣體入口之10公升玻璃容器中。將氣態氯化氫流以氣泡加入在20-25℃下的反應混合物中。
取0.5毫升反應混合物樣品及以5毫升去離子水稀釋,以檢查溶液的pH。最終的pH必須約3-4。
將混合物冷卻至-10℃至-12℃及在該溫度下攪拌1小時。將沉澱物使用燒結之玻璃過濾器過濾,並以事先冷卻至0-5℃的0.5毫升無水醋酸乙酯清洗。將產物在50℃之真空烘箱中經最少12小時乾燥。所得粗1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽重達1.10公斤。
將上述粗產物、3.98公斤無水醋酸乙酯與0.35公斤異丙醇之混合物在配備加熱及冷卻系統之10公升玻璃容器中在55-60℃下緩慢加熱。當溶液完成時,將其經由維持在55-60℃之溫度的隔熱式燒結之玻璃過濾器過濾。將溶液轉移至10公升玻璃容器中及將整體緩慢冷卻至0-5℃經約1小時。將混合物在該溫度下攪拌1小時及將沉澱物經由燒結之玻璃過濾器過濾。將固體以在0-5℃下冷卻的1.6公斤無水醋酸乙酯與0.14公斤異丙醇之混合物清洗。將固體在50℃之真空烘箱中經最少12小時乾燥。熔點117-119℃。產量80%。
IR光譜(KBr):在1112及1101之寬峰(C-O醚/St.asym),2936及2868(鏈烷CH(CH2
))/St.),1455(鏈烷CH(CH2
))/Deform),2647及2551(胺鹽/St.),1492(胺/St.),802(芳香族/Deform.)公分- 1
。
晶體數據係使用Nonius Kappa之電荷耦合裝置系統在-158℃下所獲得。所使用的波長為0.71073埃。晶體結構係以直接法解析及在WinGX包裝環境中以SHELX97方式定義。
發現結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽可顯示不同的水含量。但是所有的分析樣品展現相同的晶體結構,與水含量無關。根據實驗研究,在1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽晶體中的水含量可高達6±0.5%。
將含有水含量2.7%之樣品的晶體數據及數據精確參數之總結顯示在表1中。
與水分子部分佔據的兩個位置局限在不對稱單位中(也包括兩個主要分子)。
每一個水分子的體積可用量為約15立分埃,其比慣常的假設值40立方埃更小。
由於競爭機制(以水氫鍵連結主要分子對可用於水分子之低孔隙體積),故使晶體結構部份失序,引起關於結構順應於不同比例的水分子而不改變結構的能力之基本原理。以N1-H...Cl2...H-Ow-H...O1連結使晶體堆積穩定。從具有不同的水含量之樣品的粉末X-射線繞射圖案的單位晶胞裝配觀察細胞參數(a,b,c,V)隨在結構中的水比例增加而略微降低,如表2所示。
結論為自不同的樣品所獲得的X-射線繞射圖案顯示所有的樣品對應於相同的晶體結構,除了與不同的水含量有關的小變化之外。
將晶體結構的原子配位顯示在圖3中。將鍵長度及角度顯示在表4中。將扭轉角度顯示在表5中。
X-射線繞射圖案係顯示在圖1中。結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的特徵高峰(2 θ)為11.2°、19.9°、20.7°及34.1°(±2°);另外的特徵高峰為11.2°、15.4°、16.3°、16.9°、17.8°、19.9°、20.7°、21.0°、21.8°、22.6°、24.5°、24.6°、25.0°、25.5°、26.3°、28.3°、30.3°、34.1°、35.8°、40.0°、46.0°(±0.2°)。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽、草酸氫鹽、琥珀酸氫鹽及馬來酸氫鹽的溶解度係在不同的條件下進行:在室溫下的水,pH4.5及pH7.4,假裝分別模擬為胃介質及腸介質。結果係顯示在表6中。
結果顯示單鹽酸鹽及琥珀酸氫鹽的溶解度遠大於草酸氫鹽及馬來酸氫鹽者。
也在氮氣及氧氣下測定上述鹽類的熔點,以證實彼等對氧化條件的穩定性。
四種鹽類實質上維持不變的熔點,與氧化條件無關,因此所有的鹽類一樣穩定。然而琥珀酸氫鹽及馬來酸氫鹽的低熔點使彼等比單鹽酸鹽較不適合於工業應用,由於低熔點難以在適度的溫度下進行乾燥操作。結果係顯示在表7中。
結論為單鹽酸鹽不僅展示比其它鹽類(草酸氫鹽及馬來酸氫鹽)更好的溶解度分布,並也展示比琥珀酸氫鹽及馬來酸氫鹽對氧化條件更好的穩定定。因此所有這些特性的組合未預料到會使單鹽酸鹽就其作為醫藥成分的用途而言可為較佳的鹽。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽為高選擇及有效力的H3-受體(H3R)逆向激動劑(拮抗劑)。已使用各種活體外檢定法研究其分布,以建立其特殊的受體H3受體逆向激動劑特性。
H3R(G-蛋白耦合受體)具有構造活性,其為在沒有激動劑的存在下在天生及重組體受體檢定法系統兩者中的自發活性[Rouleau等人之Brit.J.Pharmacol.,2002,135:383-392]。在沒有內源性配體或激動劑的存在下,一部分受體群接受自發性異位轉變,造成可結合G-蛋白之構型。H3R構造活性係藉由減少組織胺釋放而控制組織胺能神經元活性。使用功能檢定法證明原型拮抗劑(如硫平拉麥德(thioperamide)和希普辛芬(ciproxifan))事實上充當逆向激動劑。逆向激動劑係藉由穩定失活狀態的受體而達到其效應,但損失了活化狀態。於是其降低構造受體活性值,引起組織胺能神經元的活化作用。相對之下,中性拮抗劑同樣與受體的兩種構型組合且不影響基本活性。
組織胺H3受體結合1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對H3R的親和常數之測定係在小鼠腦皮質薄膜及表現在各種哺乳類細胞中的重組體人類H3受體上進行。表8總結在不同的系統中所觀察的Ki值。
從這些結果明白1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在人類H3R上的效力比在相同的試驗系統中的小鼠H3R上多約6倍。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在組織胺受體上的選擇性在H3R上與在其它組織胺受體上的親和性之間顯示立方次數量級差異(表9)。
以組織胺H3受體調解之反應以A23187離子載體引起之[3
H]花生四烯酸釋放根據Morisset等人之[Nature,2000,408,860-864]研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對自表現老鼠或人類H3R(在300-400 fmol/mg蛋白質之表現值)之CHO細胞以離子載體A23187引起之[3
H]花生四烯酸(AA)釋放的最大效應。
在老鼠重組體系統中,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(1微莫耳)降低40%之以A23187引起之[3
H]AA釋放(類似於以1微莫耳濃度之希普辛芬所致力之程度)。
在人類重組體系統中,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(1微莫耳)減少20%之以A23187引起之[3
H]AA釋放(即達到與1微莫耳濃度之希普辛芬所致力減少的相同程度)。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在兩種實驗中的有力效應證明其強的逆向激動劑活性。
[3 5
S]GTP γ S與人類H3受體的特異性結合:也研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對[3 5
S]GTP γ S與來自以不同的表現值表現人類H3R之CHO細胞的薄膜製品的特異性結合的效應。在410 fmol/mg蛋白質之表現值下,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽以濃度依賴方式降低具有EC5 0
值1.5±0.1nM之[3 5
S]GTP γ S的特異性結合及最大25%之降低值。1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽引起比以逆向激動劑類似物希普辛芬(1微莫耳)所誘發之作用(降低17%)更有力的最大抑制作用。
在更高的受體表現值下(1000-1100 fmol/mg蛋白質),1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽呈現類似的效應。1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(10 nM)誘發降低22%之[3 5
S]GTP γ S特異性結合,該效應明顯比以1微莫耳希普辛芬所誘發減低的16%更高。其顯示1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽能作為具有高內在活性之有效力的逆向激動劑。
此外,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽改變以H3激動劑依咪替特(imetit)誘發降低之[3 5
S]GTP γ S與穩定表現人類H3R(#1000 fmol/mg蛋白質)之HEK293薄膜的特異性結合。因此1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽展示高效力之競爭性H3R拮抗劑特性(0.31 nM之KB
值)。
於是1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在人類H3R上以EC5 0
、Em a x
及KB
值為角度顯示為非常有效力的逆向激動劑/拮抗劑。
已在不同的發作模式的大鼠及小鼠中評估1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在癲癇症中的潛效利益。測定發作的出現及持續期與彼等在腦電圖(EEG)記錄上的表現。
方法:使用三種不同的癲癇症動物模式(全身性無痙攣發作、全身性強直陣攣發作及顳葉發作),如以下所述:1.在GAERS大鼠中的失神癲癇症[Danober等人之Prog.Neurobio.,1998,55,27-57]在史特拉斯堡(Strasbourg)(史特拉斯堡的遺傳性失神癲癇症大鼠或GAERS)中發展出具有自發的全身性無痙攣發作(失神癲癇症)的維斯塔(Wistar)鼠品種。發作係以在EEG上的雙側及同步棘波放電與慢波放電(7-9赫茲)且伴隨猝倒為特徵。當動物處在完全不眠的狀態時,這些放電通常持續約20秒且每分鐘自發性發生。該模式的藥理反應性類似於人類失神癲癇症(例如丙戊酸鹽(valproate)及乙琥胺(ethosuccimide)具有保護性)。在復元期之後,記錄20分鐘參考期的植入大鼠(皮質及海馬EEG電極)。接著投予1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經腹膜內5毫克或20毫克/公斤)或食鹽水(每一組n=8),並持續60分鐘的EEG記錄。在一週之後大鼠接受另一替換治療。在兩段治療期間以20分鐘測量失神發作的累積期。EEG記錄的快速傅立葉(Fourier)轉換分析法允許偵測在發作期間及發作期之間(背景活動)兩者的任何律動變化。
2.在小鼠中的電擊[Swinyard等人之J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,1952,106,319-330]在齧齒目動物中以施加在耳朵上的短暫電擊(50赫茲,80毫安培強度,0.2秒的持續期)誘發強直-陣攣發作。在15-20秒持續期陣攣之後,小鼠表現出四肢和身體的強直伸展及/或強直屈曲。在陣攣階段期間以一陣棘波及多重棘波放電之後,在強直階段期間的皮質EEG上觀察到伴隨低振幅的高頻率活動。以電擊誘發之發作在病患中具有與陣攣期相同的反應性,並被抗癲癇藥物(AED)抑制,如癲能停(phenytoin)、苯巴比特魯(Phenobarbital)、癲通(carbamazepine)、苯二氮呯及丙戊酸鹽。小、鼠(每一組n=8)接受1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經口服100毫克/公斤)或食鹽水。在注射之後60分鐘施予電擊及測定每一次發作的持續期。
3.在小鼠中以紅藻酸鹽(kainate)誘發之顳葉發作[Riban等人之J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,2002,112,101-111]以單側注入小鼠的背側海馬中的紅藻酸(在50毫升中的1 nM)誘發無痙攣性狀態,其在2-3週之後引起自發的週期性病情發作。該發作(在安靜的小鼠中每小時5至20次)係以猝倒及/或刻板動作伴隨在注射之海馬中記錄的棘波及多重棘波放電為特徵。在該模式中測式的所有AED(丙戊酸鹽、癲通、癲能停、左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam))沒有明顯的效應,除了苯二氮呯之外,其短暫地抑制發作。該模式重現內側顯葉癲癇(其為一種在人類中常抗藥物之癲癇症形式)的行為、EEG、病理及組織學特徵。在復元期之後,以紅藻酸注射植入之小鼠(EEG記錄)。在注射選擇患有一致的海馬發作的動物之後記錄至少3週的EEG。接著在20分鐘的參考記錄期之後,使選擇的小鼠接受1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經腹膜內10或20毫克/公斤)或食鹽水,並持續記錄60分鐘。以轉換指令接受治療(在兩段治療期之間一週的藥物清洗期之後)。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在癲癇症模式中的總結:在投予該產物(經腹膜內20毫克/公斤)之後20、40及60分鐘時,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽明顯降低在GAERS大鼠中的棘波及慢波放電次數及累積期兩者。與食鹽水比較,棘波及慢波放電的累積期在5及20毫克/公斤之劑量下分別減少25及77%(p<0.05,相對於食鹽水)。
在最大的電擊發作模式中觀察到完全的保護作用。
在以紅藻酸鹽誘發之海馬發作的小鼠中,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經腹膜內10毫克/公斤)減少在投藥之後的第一個40分鐘期間內的海馬發作累積期及次數(p<0.05,相對於食鹽水)。經腹膜內的20毫克/公斤之劑量也減少海馬放電累積期(在60分鐘時p<0.05)。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的抗癲癇效應與明顯的EEG背景活動變化沒有關連,如以發作之間的光譜分析顯示。
因為1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶的臨床治療項目為癲癇症,所以研究其與抗癲癇藥物(AED)的交互作用。
在小鼠中以旋轉桿(Rotarod)試驗的AED交互作用該實驗目標為研究在共同投予1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽與各種抗癲癇藥物及其它GABA作用藥物之後在標準化動作協調模式中可能的藥力學交互作用,即在小鼠中的旋轉桿試驗。
方法:將1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(10毫克/公斤)、癲通(25毫克/公斤)、丙戊酸鈉(200毫克/公斤)、癲能停(25毫克/公斤)、二氮平(diazepam)(2毫克/公斤)及苯巴比特魯(15毫克/公斤)以單一劑量治療法單獨及與1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽組合經腹膜內投藥。在AED投藥之前15分鐘進行1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的共同投藥。一組用作控制組的動物只以賦形劑注射。
結果顯示在與控制組動物相比未在治療組中偵測到任何動作協調的損傷。而且在這些實驗條件下,在與上述化合物投藥時,1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽未誘發任何造成動作不協調的藥力學交互作用。
結論:可斷定1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的共同投藥未誘發就抗癲癇藥物及GABA作用藥物所報告的動作行為圖案的變化。
在自由行動的貓及小鼠中研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對睡-醒週期控制的效應。
方法:以類似的實驗方法用於貓及小鼠兩者的研究。動物被長期地植八分別記錄EEG及EMG之皮質及肌肉電極,允許監控彼等的睡-醒週期。在從手術復元之後,將動物單獨豢養在維持在適當的室溫下以12小時照明/黑暗週期的隔音記錄室內。在4天的期間內進行多參量心理測試記錄,以收集在每一個體中的睡-醒控制的參考用定性及定量數據。接著進行24小時研究期的藥理評估及以連續30秒的階段期分析。如先前就貓[Petitjean等人之Brain Res.,1975,88:439-53]及小鼠[Valatx and Bugat,Brain Res.,1974,69:315-30]所述來驗明未眠及睡眠狀態。
1.在貓中的睡-醒週期研究在手術之後7天開始多參量心理測試記錄。睡-醒記錄標準包括未眠狀態(W)、淺慢波睡眠狀態(SWS1)、深SWS狀態(SWS2)及逆理睡眠狀態(PS)。以快速傅立葉轉換分析法以頻段0.8-2.5赫茲(δ慢波)、8-15赫茲(紡錘波)及20-45赫茲(β和γ快波)進行EEG的光譜分析。經口服投予劑量5或10毫克/公斤之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽化合物。
2.在小鼠中的睡-醒週期研究在手術之後15天開始多參量心理測試記錄(5天復元期加上10天對記錄線的環境適應期)。睡-醒記錄標準包括未眠狀態(W)、淺慢波睡眠狀態(SWS)及逆理睡眠狀態(PS)。以快速傅立葉轉換分析法以0.8-2.5赫茲、8-15赫茲及30-60赫茲頻段進行EEG的光譜分析。經口服投予2.5、5、10或20毫克/公斤之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽化合物。
結果在貓中,口服投予之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽造成依存劑量增加的睡醒狀態,但損失了SWS(特別是SW2)及PS。在10毫克/公斤下,在治療之後於儘早的第一時間發生清醒效應,動物幾乎長期未眠狀態6-12小時。在新皮層EEG的光譜分析法中確認該產物的甦醒效應的效力。事實上觀察到慢波(δ,0.8-2.5赫茲)與8-15赫茲之紡錘波的降低/抑制作用。在治療之後,未在動物行為中觀察到任何較大的變化。
在小鼠中,口服投予之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽造成類似的依存劑量增加的睡醒狀態(W)。該效應在損失了SWS及PS下發生。以EEG光譜分析法的慢δ波與8-15赫茲之紡錘波的降低/抑制作用及極力增加的快速律動(β及γ頻率)確認該效應。未在治療的小鼠中觀察到任何行為變化。
在以1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽治療的兩種動物中觀察到明顯增加的W持續期。在貓中,10毫克/公斤之該產物在6小時記錄期內造成增加79%的W期(p<0.01)。在以10及20毫克/公斤之該產物治療的小鼠中觀察到類似的結果(分別增加29及69%,p<0.01)。
結論:這些結果證明1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽顯著地增加在兩種動物中的清醒期。而且以EEG結果提議該化合物可改進睡醒品質,例如在沒有任何值得注意的行為變化存在下加強警戒性及注意力層級。
在小鼠中以兩種試驗物體認知範例研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的預知效應。該學習及記憶範例係以齧齒目動物的自發搜索性活動為基礎,並證明其對老化及膽鹼能機能障礙效應具有敏感性[Scali等人之Neurosci.Lett.,1994,170,117-120;Bartolini等人之Biochem.Nehav.,1996,53,277-283]。
1. 1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對以東茛菪鹼(scopolamine)誘發之學習缺陷的效應方法:允許小鼠探索在有兩個物體存在的箱子30分鐘。隔天使小鼠進行兩個間隔60分鐘的試驗。在第一個試驗(T1)期間,將小鼠放入包括兩個相同物體的箱子內,並測定每一種動物完成20秒的物體探索所需要的時間。將探索視為使鼻子注意力指向離物體2公分的距離處及/或碰觸物體。關於第二次試驗(T2),將在第一次試驗中所提供的物體之一以未知的新物體置換。將小鼠放入箱子內5分鐘,並測定每一個物體的探索與動作活動。測量下列參數。
在T1時達到20秒的物體探索所需要的時間,在T2時達到類似物體探索所花的時間,在T2時達到新物體探索所花的時間,在T2時的動作活動。
研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經腹膜內5及15毫克/公斤,在挑戰之前40分鐘)逆轉以東茛菪鹼(經腹膜內0.3毫克/公斤,在挑戰之前30分鐘)誘發之實驗失憶症的能力。
結果:以東茛菪鹼誘發之失憶症以15毫克/公斤之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽劑量明顯逆轉(p=0.0056)。在較低的劑量下(5毫克/公斤),逆轉趨勢出現不明顯。此外,以該產物未明顯地變更在以東茛菪鹼處理之小鼠中所觀察增加的動作活動。5毫克/公斤之劑量未變更小鼠在第一次試驗時達到學習標準的時間,該時間反而在較高的劑量下明顯增加。
2. 1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽對”自然”遺忘症的效應方法:使小鼠接受第一次試驗(T1),將其放入包括兩個相同物體的箱子中,並測定每一種動物完成8秒的物體探索所需要的時間。將探索視為使鼻子注意力指向離物體2公分的距離處及/或碰觸物體。在第一次試驗(T1)之後,立即將小鼠以媒劑或塔克寧(tacrine)(經腹膜內0.25毫克/公斤)處理。在3小時之後,進行第二次試驗(T2),將小鼠引入箱子內,以未知的新物體置換在第一次試驗中所提供的物體之一。將小鼠放入箱子內5分鐘,並測定每一個物體的探索與動作活動。測量下列參數。
在T1時達到8秒的物體探索所需要的時間,在T2時達到類似物體探索所花的時間,在T2時達到新物體探索所花的時間,在T2時的動作活動。
研究1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(經腹膜內15毫克/公斤,在T1之前30分鐘)在有或沒有塔克寧處理下調節遺忘的能力。
結果:與在以東茛菪鹼誘發之失憶症模式中記得的該階段之持續期(20秒)相比,該獲取階段(T1)的持續期縮減成8秒的物體探索。在這些條件中,在治療之小鼠中的T1持續期與控制組小鼠相比明顯增加。雖然較短的獲取階段,但是當乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑與H3受體拮抗劑/逆向激動劑結合時,則以15毫克/公斤之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽劑量及塔克寧明顯減低”自然”遺忘症而不改變塔克寧效應。此外,在處理之小鼠中觀察到略微增加的動作活動。
這些以1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽所產生的”自然”遺忘症及東茛菪鹼引誘之學習缺陷的逆轉觀察與其它H3受體拮抗劑/逆向激動劑(包括原型藥物硫平拉麥德)所收集的許多各種觀察一致。
在小鼠及大鼠中的急性毒性在小鼠及大鼠中評估經口服及靜脈內途徑的1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之急性毒性。
1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽證明在齧齒目動物中有利的安全性分布。在小鼠中,無影響劑量為經口服>30毫克/公斤及經靜脈內5毫克/公斤,而最大的無致命劑量為100毫克/公斤。最小的致命劑量為經口服150毫克/公斤及經靜脈內10毫克/公斤;在大鼠中,無影響劑量為經口服>50毫克/公斤及經靜脈內12毫克/公斤,而最大的無致命劑量為100毫克/公斤(以單一劑量表示)。
在大鼠及猴子中的重複口服劑量研究在大鼠中,13週的重複劑量研究展示高達30毫克/公斤/天之滿意的1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽耐受程度,可將該劑量定義成在大鼠中的NOAEL(未觀察到任何副作用的劑量值)。
在猴子中,13週的重複劑量研究顯示高達5毫克/公斤/天之無副作用的1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽。將該劑量定義成在猴子中的NOAEL。
安全性藥理學以在大鼠及猴子的重複劑量研究中所定義之NOAEL與藥理活性劑量之間的比例提議1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽可當作具有滿意的安全性限度之藥物。
已發現1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在活體外或活體內沒有基因毒性。
在約5%之癲癇症病患中發現具有光敏性,將其定義成對持久的刺激串的間歇性光刺激(IPS)的全身性癲癇樣反應[Kasteleijn-Nolst TrenitDGA.Acta Neurol.Scand.,1989;80:1-149]。不像大部分其它的癲癇症,光敏性癲癇症為一反射性癲癇症,並可在實驗室中於任何時間以IPS引起癲癇樣放電波。藉由測定上與下光敏限度(每一閃光的頻率)也可以測定所謂的光敏性範圍。該範圍與在病患的生活中的發作傾向有關。該光敏性範圍在病患內相對穩定,並可以抗癲癇藥劑減小或破壞。於是使用光敏性範圍的技術證實為在人類中研究單一劑量實驗藥物的癲癇特性的有利模式。
因此該單盲研究的目標為評估1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽(單一劑量)在可預期為全身性失神癲癇症的該人類模式中的抗癲癇效應。選擇該單盲設計以減低在第2天投予1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽治療之後所觀察的IPS反應與在第1天的安慰劑評估的比較偏差。
徵求12位病患。四位病患接受20毫克劑量。其中一位病患顯示完全抑制光陣發性反應(PPR)持續6小時。四位病患接受40毫克劑量。其中一位病患顯示部分抑制PPR及一位完全抑制PPR。四位病患接受60毫克劑量,在全部四位病患中都有臨床反應。而且兩位病患顯示完全抑制PPR。該效應係在投藥之後出現1-2小時且持續超過8小時至長達36小時(一位病患,表10)。
在6位自願者中進行單一中心、開放標記、安慰劑控制階段I研究,以評估主觀飽食感。在該研究中所徵求的自願者接受5個單日投藥期。彼等接受第1期的安慰劑、第2期的5毫克奧氮平、第3期的60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽、第4期的5毫克奧氮平+60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽及第5期的2.5毫克奧氮平+60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽。
明顯的治療效應引出饑餓的感覺,希望進食及期盼消費。
與安慰劑相比,在5毫克奧氮平之後明顯降低主觀飽食感。可使該效應與在以奧氮平治療之病患中完整建立的增重效應互相關連。與安慰劑相比,在60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之後的主觀飽食感明顯增加。飽食感降低的程度顯示劑量反應關係。結果主觀飽食感在兩種治療(即5毫克奧氮平及60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽)之間有統計上的差異。更重要地,5毫克奧氮平與60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的結合顯示該化合物能夠抵消奧氮平的效應,導致與安慰劑重疊的主觀飽食感。
在36位自願者中進行單一中心、雙盲、隨機、安慰劑控制之單一漸增劑量的腦電圖研究。連續地徵求在1至6個組中(1、5、10、20、40或60毫克)的研究對象。隨意地指派每一劑量組的所有研究對象或接受1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽或安慰劑,以該方式使5個研究對象接受該產物及1個研究對象接受安慰劑。
從治療之前進行的EEG光譜分析法可將研究對象分成微伏特(66%)及標準或大伏特(33%)。在具有30-40%慢速活動及20-25%快速活動(微伏特)的那些研究對象與那些具有10%慢速活動(標準伏特)或60-80% α-活動(大伏特)的那些研究對象之間的分布解釋在投予藥物之前引出20-30赫茲及30-40赫茲的明顯差異。
在單一口服投予40毫克及60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之後兩小時引出在統計學上明顯增加的快速活動(在前端皮帶上20-30赫茲及在後端皮帶上16至40赫茲)。一致的是平均高峰位置在頻率軸上從10轉移至15-17赫茲及從11轉移至13-15赫茲。快速活動增加,但損失了在後端皮帶上的α-活動。在投藥之後4小時仍出現快速活動的增加(20-30赫茲),但是α-活動未回到劑量前之值。整體而言,與先前的動物研究結果一致的這些修改係以改進睡醒及認知活動的藥物活性分布為特徵。
也在該研究中進行心理測量及警戒性試驗,以評定任何可能的損害。整體而言,對自我覺知型睡眠(LEEDS),警覺、滿足與安心寧神(Bond-Lader VAS)及選擇反應時間(CRT)沒有在統計學上明顯的藥物效應。此外,該研究證明對ARCl 49沒有任何趨勢或在統計學上明顯的藥物效應。
相對之下,在投予單一60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之後對閃爍、融合及閃爍融合臨界值(CFF)在統計學上明顯的藥物效應比在投予安慰劑之後更高。這些結果顯示單一口服投予之60毫克該產物增加研究對象的警戒性。
整體而言,這些結果證明在研究條件下單一口服投予之40毫克及60毫克1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽誘發EEG的快速活動增加,與閃爍融合試驗結果所引出的研究對象警戒性增加一致。
圖1顯示結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽之X-射線繞射圖案。
Claims (25)
- 一種式(I)之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,
及其醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物,包括水合物,其具有單斜晶系晶體系統及P21 空間群,且具有包含在11.2°、19.9°、20.7°及34.1°(±0.2°)之特徵高峰(2 θ)的X-射線繞射圖。 - 根據申請專利範圍第1項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其具有包含在11.2°、15.4°、16.3°、16.9°、17.8°、19.9°、20.7°、21.0°、21.8°、22.6°、24.5°、24.6°、25.0°、25.5°、26.3°、28.3°、30.3°、34.1°、35.8°、40.0°、46.0°(±0.2°)之特徵高峰(2 θ)的X-射線繞射圖。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於治療中樞神經系統疾病。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於治療癲癇症。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中中樞神經系統疾病係選自由阿茲海默氏(Alzheimer’s)病及注意力、不眠 (wakefulness)和記憶疾病所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中中樞神經系統疾病係選自由精神病理性疾病中的認知缺陷所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中中樞神經系統疾病係選自由老年人中的疾病、抑鬱和衰弱症狀所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中中樞神經系統疾病係選自由眩暈及暈動症所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於治療肥胖症。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於治療心身性疾病、呼吸過敏症狀、發炎症狀、心臟症狀、胃腸症狀、泌尿生殖系統症狀及皮膚系統症狀。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於治療睡眠疾病、睡眠呼吸暫停、以睡眠誘發的呼吸暫停、日嗜睡、壓力症、偏頭痛、頭痛、疼痛、精神病、氣喘病、支氣管炎、鼻炎、氣管炎、胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏(Crohn’s)病、急躁性腸徵候群、膀胱炎、子宮炎、 排尿和排便失禁、蕁麻疹、搔癢症、關節炎、結膜炎、經前徵候群、前列腺發炎、生殖器疾病、風濕病和眼睛症狀、口水外流、抽搐、抑鬱症、下丘腦垂體分泌性疾病、腦循環疾病及免疫系統疾病。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其係用於預防由抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑所造成的非所欲之副作用。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中抗精神病劑係選自由阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、可洛拉平(clozapine)、奧氮平(olanzapine)、利培酮(risperidone)、喹硫平(quetiapine)及壽廷多(sertindole)所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中抗抑鬱劑係選自由米氮平(mirtazapine)、阿米替林(amitryptiline)及帕羅西汀(paroxetine)所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽,其中由抗精神病或抗抑鬱劑所造成的非所欲之副作用為至少一種選自體重增加、嗜睡及記憶損傷者。
- 一種製造根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽的方法,其包含: a)將1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶與選自氯化氫或氫氯酸之反應物在適合的溶劑中反應及分離所沉澱之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽;及b)使沉澱之1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽在適合的溶劑中結晶。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中反應物為氯化氫。
- 根據申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中氯化氫係以氣態氯化氫加入。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中步驟a)的適合的溶劑係選自由丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、水、醋酸乙酯、異丙醇、丁醇、異丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、己烷、甲苯、第三丁基甲醚、三氯乙烷及彼等之混合物所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第19項之方法,其中適合的溶劑為醋酸乙酯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中步驟b)的適合的溶劑係選自由丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、水、醋酸乙酯、異丙醇、丁醇、異丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、己烷、甲苯、第三丁基甲醚、三氯乙烷及彼等之混合物所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中適合的溶劑為醋酸乙酯與異丙醇之混合物。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含治療有效量之如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項所定義之結晶狀1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶單鹽酸鹽與醫藥上可接受之賦形劑或載體。
- 根據申請專利範圍第23項之組成物,其進一步包含抗精神病劑,其中抗精神病劑係選自由阿立哌唑、可洛拉平、奧氮平、利培酮、喹硫平及壽廷多所組成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第23項之組成物,其進一步包含抗抑鬱劑,其中抗抑鬱劑係選自由米氮平、阿米替林及帕羅西汀所組成的群組。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05100942A EP1690858B1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2005-02-10 | Monohydrochloride salt of 1-[3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl]-piperidine |
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| TW200639157A TW200639157A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| TWI393711B true TWI393711B (zh) | 2013-04-21 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8207197B2 (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP1690858B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP5072604B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101344271B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101155793B (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR054734A1 (zh) |
| AT (2) | ATE391716T1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2597016C (zh) |
| CY (1) | CY1108428T1 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE602005005941D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1846384T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2309948T3 (zh) |
| HR (1) | HRP20080446T3 (zh) |
| ME (1) | ME01103B (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2007009574A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL1846384T3 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1846384E (zh) |
| RS (1) | RS50624B (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI1846384T1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI393711B (zh) |
| UY (1) | UY29369A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2006084833A1 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2167096A4 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2010-07-14 | Cypress Bioscience Inc | IMPROVING TOLERANCE TO MIRTAZAPINE AND A SECOND ACTIVE INGREDIENT BY THE COMBINED USE OF THEM |
| SG173639A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2011-09-29 | Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc | Histamine h3 inverse agonists and antagonists and methods of use thereof |
| RU2011153723A (ru) | 2009-06-10 | 2013-07-20 | Суновион Фармасьютикалз Инк. | Обратные агонисты и антагонисты н3 рецепторов гистамина и способы их применения |
| US20110065694A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-17 | Milan Chytil | Histamine H3 Inverse Agonists and Antagonists and Methods of Use Thereof |
| WO2014199935A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-18 | 株式会社エム・エス・エス | 小胞体ストレスシグナルを抑制することによる,薬剤の副作用としての体重増加や肥満を防止するために用いられる肥満防止剤 |
| CN103435575A (zh) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-12-11 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所 | 1-( 3-( 3-( 4-氯苯基)丙氧基)丙基)哌啶盐酸盐的制备方法 |
| CN104447620B (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-05-04 | 瑞阳制药有限公司 | 1-[3-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基]丙基]-哌啶盐酸盐的制备方法 |
| EP3239138A1 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-01 | Sandoz Ag | Hydrogen fumarate salt of 1-[3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl]piperidine |
| WO2020092604A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Deuterated pitolisant |
| IT201900013941A1 (it) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-05 | Procos Spa | PROCESSO PER LA SINTESI DI PITOLISANT HCl |
| CN110804026B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-04-01 | 苏州永健生物医药有限公司 | 1- (3- (3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基)丙基)哌啶盐酸盐的合成方法 |
| US11945788B2 (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2024-04-02 | Nuray Chemicals Private Limited | Process for preparing pitolisant hydrochloride and solid-state forms thereof |
| US11623920B2 (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2023-04-11 | Nuray Chemicals Private Limited | Process for preparing pitolisant hydrochloride and solid-state forms thereof |
| EP4457219A4 (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2025-12-10 | Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd | SOLID FORMS OF 1-3-[3-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PROPOXY]PROPYL PIPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS |
| US20250281475A1 (en) * | 2022-05-04 | 2025-09-11 | Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R & D Center | A pharmaceutical composition of pitolisant hydrochloride and their process for the preparation |
| WO2024084379A1 (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-25 | Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd | A NOVEL PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMORPHOUS SOLID DISPERSION OF 1-{3-[3-(4-CHLOROPHENYL) PROPOXY] PROPYL} PIPERIDINE, HYDROCHLORIDE WITH HYDROXYPROPYL BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN (HPβCD) |
| EP4374854A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Alfred E. Tiefenbacher (GmbH & Co. KG) | Pharmaceutical mixture comprising amorphous pitolisant |
| KR20250165426A (ko) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-11-25 | 바이오프로제 파르마 | 피톨리산트 염산염의 다형(多形) 형태 |
| WO2025082972A1 (en) | 2023-10-16 | 2025-04-24 | Bioprojet Pharma | Enteric coated pitolisant formulations and methods of use |
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| EP0982300A2 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-03-01 | Societe Civile Bioprojet | Non-imidazole alkylamines as histamine H3 - receptor ligands and their therapeutic applications |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0982300A2 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-03-01 | Societe Civile Bioprojet | Non-imidazole alkylamines as histamine H3 - receptor ligands and their therapeutic applications |
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