TWI384034B - 用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物 - Google Patents
用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI384034B TWI384034B TW097112471A TW97112471A TWI384034B TW I384034 B TWI384034 B TW I384034B TW 097112471 A TW097112471 A TW 097112471A TW 97112471 A TW97112471 A TW 97112471A TW I384034 B TWI384034 B TW I384034B
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- dye
- pyrrol
- hydrogen
- alkyl
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 56
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 100
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 41
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 18
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UCXHUATWPPYINU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UCXHUATWPPYINU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate;ruthenium(2+);tetrabutylazanium;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ru+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1 JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- BEPVOPAIRQRAHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound CN1C=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 BEPVOPAIRQRAHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- TYECWABMXAYFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dibromo-9,9-diethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C(CC)(CC)C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3C2=C1 TYECWABMXAYFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzaldehyde Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 2
- GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tributyltin chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZPQYLINURYGL-GKPLWNPISA-N (e)-2-cyano-3-[5-[5-[9-hexyl-6-(n-phenylanilino)carbazol-3-yl]-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl]thiophen-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CCCCCC)C3=CC=C(N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C3C2=CC=1C(N1C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(\C=C(/C#N)C(O)=O)S1 SMZPQYLINURYGL-GKPLWNPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKSJFJQBTQFCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-9-hexylcarbazole Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=C1)CCCCCC)Br WKSJFJQBTQFCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTNAYKNIZNSHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid;ruthenium(2+);dithiocyanate Chemical compound N#CS[Ru]SC#N.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 LTNAYKNIZNSHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- STIHKTJMVGTPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(7-bromo-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)-1-methylpyrrole Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)(CC)C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3C2=CC=C1C1=CC=CN1C STIHKTJMVGTPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000389 2-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- JNMZUWJMJSKMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)-1-thiophen-2-ylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CN(C)CCC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 JNMZUWJMJSKMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPEWLAXQZOLUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[9,9-diethyl-7-(n-phenylanilino)fluoren-2-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)(CC)C3=CC(N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=C3C2=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=O)S1 ZPEWLAXQZOLUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFBVUFQNHLUCPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=O)S1 GFBVUFQNHLUCPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGESFHTZVLGUAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-diethyl-7-(1-methyl-5-tributylstannylpyrrol-2-yl)-n,n-diphenylfluoren-2-amine Chemical compound CN1C([Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2(CC)CC)C2=C1 LGESFHTZVLGUAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIGVFZRPRWNVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1.BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1.BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QIGVFZRPRWNVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWCHOVYZTJENOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PWCHOVYZTJENOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIJMOEODDGNLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]CCCC.[Li]CCCC Chemical compound [Li]CCCC.[Li]CCCC HIJMOEODDGNLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWLNVQNCJFIEEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].CC(C)=O Chemical compound [N].CC(C)=O TWLNVQNCJFIEEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALSPKRWQCLSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;acetic acid;acetate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O ALSPKRWQCLSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BULOCEWDRJUMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene formaldehyde Chemical compound C=O.C1=CC=CC=C1.C=O BULOCEWDRJUMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ii) dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUHFYDSDYUCHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DUHFYDSDYUCHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/33—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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Description
本發明係關於一種染料化合物,特別是一種適用於染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSSC)之染料化合物。
隨著人類文明發展,全球面臨嚴重的能源危機及環境污染等問題。其中,以能將太陽能直椄轉變成電能之光電太陽能電池,為解決全世界能源危機及降低環境污染的重要方法之一。在太陽能電池中,因染料敏化太陽能電池其製造成本低、可製成大面積、具可撓性、具透光性而可用於建築物上等優異特性,逐漸成為一種極具有前景的新型太陽能電池。
近年,Grtzel等人發表一系列染料敏化太陽能電池相關文獻(例如O’Regan,B.;Grtzel,M.Nature 1991, 353,
737),顯示染料敏化太陽能電池具有實用性。一般而言,染料敏化太陽能電池的結構包括有陰/陽電極、奈米二氧化鈦、染料及電解質;其中,染料對電池效率有關鍵性的影響。在染料敏化太陽能電池中,理想的染料必須具備有可以吸收較大範圍的太陽光譜、高莫耳吸收係數(absorption coefficient)、高溫安定性及光安定性等特性。
Grtzel實驗室發表了一系列之釕錯合物作為染料敏化太陽能電池中的染料。1993年Grtzel實驗室發表使用N3染
料所製備之染料敏化太陽能電池,其效率達10.0%(AM 1.5)。N3染料之單波光光電流轉換效率(IPCE)值在400nm~600nm範圍可達80%,而其後所開發之數百種染料錯合物,其效能測試皆無法超越N3染料。其中,N3染料之結構如下式(a)所示。
直至2003年Grtzel實驗室發表使用N719染料所製備之染料敏化太陽能電池,其效率提升到10.85%(AM 1.5)。其中,N719染料之結構如下式(b)所示。
而後2004年同實驗室發表使用黑染料(Black dye)所製備之染料敏化太陽能電池,其效率則達到11.04%(AM 1.5)。由於黑染料可強化紅光區和紅外光區的光譜應答,從而提昇染料敏化電池的效能。其中,黑染料之結構如下式(c)所示。
除了Grtzel實驗室發表之N3染料、N719染料與黑染料等相關系列之釕錯合物之外,其他類似的可用於染料敏化電池之染料化合物有鉑錯合物、鋨錯合物、鐵錯合物、銅錯合物等等。但是經過許多研究顯示,釕錯合物的效率仍為較佳。
釕錯合物是目前所知光電轉換效率最高的光敏化染料,但是其成本高且在大量使用後會面臨供應不足的問題。有機敏化染料具有高莫耳吸收係數、以及分子設計變化較大等優點,故可以製造不種顏色的染料敏化太陽能電池,而增加染料敏化太陽能電池應用彈性,且可以因應物件搭配不同顏色的染料太陽能電池。最近,香豆素(Coumarin)(Hara,K.;Sayama,K.;Arakawa,H.;Ohga,Y.;Shinpo,A.;Sug,S.Chem.Commun., 2001,
569)、吲哚啉
(indoline)(Horiuchi,T.;Miura,H.;Sumioka,K.;Uchida,S.J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2004, 126(39),
12218)、以及部花青素(Merocyanine)(Otaka,H.;Kira,M.;Yano,K.;Ito,S.;Mitekura,H.;Kawata,T.;Matsui,F.J.Photochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.; 2004, 164,
67)等染料衍生物已用於製造染料敏化太陽能電池。
由於染料敏化太陽能電池中的染料對電池效率有關鍵性的影響。因此,尋找可以提高染料敏化太陽能電池效率的染料分子,是改善染料敏化太陽能電池效率的重要方法之一。
本發明提供一種新穎染料化合物,其適用於染料敏化太陽能電池。由於本發明之染料化合物具有高莫耳吸收係數,使得利用本發明之染料化合物所製作之染料敏化太陽能電池具有優異之光電性質。
本發明之染料化合物,其結構如下式(I):
其中R1
為C1
~C6
烷基(alkyl);
D1
、及D2
各自獨立分別為C1
~C6
烷基、 、或,其中R2
、R3
、R4
、及R8
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基(alkoxy)、胺基(amino)、或鹵素(halogen),R5
、及R6
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R7
為H或C1
~C6
烷基;
X為、或,其中R9
、R11
、及R12
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R10
、R13
、及R14
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z為O、S、或Se,m為0或1,且n為0或1;
Y為、或其中R15
、R16
、及R17
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R18
、R19
、及R20
各自獨立分別為H或C1
~C6
烷基,Z'為O、S或Se。
上述式(I)中之R1
可為C1
~C6
烷基;R1
較佳為-CH3
或-C2
H5
,R1
更佳為-CH3
。
上述式(I)中之D1
、及D2
可各自獨立分別為C1
~C6
烷基、、或,其中R2
、R3
、R4
、及R8
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素,R5
、及R6
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,且R7
為H或C1
~C6
烷基;
較佳為D1
、及D2
各自獨立分別為 、或,其中R2
、R3
、R4
、及R8
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素,R5
、與R6
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,且R7
為H或烷基;更佳為D1
、及D2
各自獨立分
別為、或,其中R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R8
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R7
為H或C1
~C6
烷基;最佳為D1
、
及D2
是各自獨立分別為、或,其中R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7
、及R8
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基。
此外,於本發明之一實施態樣中,上述式(I)中之D1
、及D2
可各自獨立分別為、或,其中R2
、及R3
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素。較佳為,D1
、及D2
中之R2
、及R3
為H、或C1
~C6
烷基。更佳為,D1
、及D2
中之R2
、及R3
為H。
上述式(I)中之X可為、或,其中R9
、R11
、及R12
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R10
、R13
、及R14
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z為O、S或Se,m為0或1,且n為0或1;較佳的為X是 、或,其中R9
、R11
、及R12
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R10
、R13
、及R14
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z為S,m為0或1,且n為0或1;更佳是X為 、或,其中R9
、R11
、及R12
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R10
、R13
、及R14
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z為S,m為0或1,且n為0;最佳是X為 、或,其中R9
、R10
、R11
、R12
、R13
、及R14
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z為S,m為0或1,且n為0。
上述式(I)中之Y可為 、或,其中R15
、R16
、及R17
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,而R18
、R19
、及R20
各自獨立分別為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,且Z'為O、S或S
e;較佳為Y是、或,其中R15
、及R16
各自獨立分別為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R18
為H、或C1
~C6
烷基,Z'為O、S或Se;又較
佳為Y是或,其中R15
為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R18
為H或C1
~C6
烷基,Z'為O、S或Se;更佳為Y是或,其中R15
為H、C1
~C6
烷基、C1
~C6
烷氧基、或鹵素,R18
為H或C1
~C6
烷基,Z'為O或S;且最佳為Y是或,其中R15
及R18
為H,且Z'為S。
上述式(I)之染料化合物具體實例有:
於本發明中,化合物分子是以游離酸的形式表示,但其實際的形式可能是鹽頪,更可能是鹼金屬鹽或4級銨鹽。
此外,本發明之染料化合物可為一種用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物。
本發明之染料化合物可以流程1至流程4之方式合成。
[流程1]
如流程1所示,首先將4-溴-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(4-Bromo-N,N
-diphenylaniline)(11
)與1-甲基-2-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯(1-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)-1H
-pyrrole)藉由Stille耦合反應,合成4-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(4-(1-methyl-1H
-pyrrole-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenyl aniline)(12
)。接著,先將正丁基鋰(n
-butyl lithium)與4-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(12
)反應,其次再與氯化三丁錫(tributylstannylchloride)反應,可得到4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(4-(1-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)-1H
-pyrrole-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenylaniline)(13
)。然後,將4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(13
)與4-溴苯甲醛(4-Bromobenzaldehyde)藉由Stille耦合反應,合成4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛
(4-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)benzaldehyde)(14a
)。最後,在醋酸(acetic acid)中以醋酸銨(ammonium acetate)為催化劑,將4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1-氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛(14a
)與氰乙酸(cyanoacetic acid)反應,即可得到(E)-2-氰-3-[4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯基]丙烯酸((E)-2-cyano-3-[4-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)]phenyl)acrylic acid)(15a
)。
如流程2所示,首先將2,7-二溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴(2,7-dibromo-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluorene)(21
)與1-甲基-2-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯藉由Stille耦合反應,合成2-(7-溴-9,9-
二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯(2-(7-bromo-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrole)(22
)。接著,在三級
-丁基醇鈉(sodiumtert
-butoxide)、雙(二亞芐基丙酮酸)鈀(Pd(dba)2
)、以及三-三級
-丁基膦(tri-tert
-butyl phosphine)下,將2-(7-溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)1-甲基-1-氫
-吡咯(22
)與二苯胺(diphenylamine)反應得9,9-二乙基-7-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(9,9-diethyl-7-(1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenyl-9H
-fluoren-2-amine)(23a
)。然後,先將正丁基鋰與9,9-二乙基-7-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(23a
)反應,其次再與氯化三丁錫反應,可得到N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-5-tributylstannylpyrrole)(24a
)。接著,將N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(24a
)與5-溴-2-噻吩甲醛(5-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde)藉由Stille耦合反應,合成5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(5-[N
-methyl-2-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(25a
)。最後,在醋酸中以醋酸銨為催化劑,將5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(25a
)與氰乙酸反應,即可得到(E
)-2-氰-3-[5-(N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基)噻吩-2-基]丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-[5-(N
-methyl-2-
(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl]acrylic acid)(26a
)。
如流程3所示,首先將3,6-二溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑(3,6-dibromo-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazole)(31
)與1-甲基-2-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯藉由Stille耦合反應,合成N
-甲基-2-(3-溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-bromo-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrole)(32
)。接著,在三級
-丁基醇鈉、雙(二亞芐基丙酮酸)鈀、以及三-三級
-丁基膦下,將N
-甲基-2-(3-溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(32
)與二苯胺反應得N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrole)(33
)。然後,先將正丁基鋰與N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺
基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(33
)反應,其次再與氯化三丁錫反應,可得到N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)-5-tributylstannylpyrrole)(34
)。接著,將N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(34
)與5-溴-2-噻吩甲醛藉由Stille耦合反應,合成5-[N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(5-[N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(35
)。最後,在醋酸中以醋酸銨為催化劑,將5-[N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(35
)與氰乙酸反應,即可得到(E
)-2-氰-3-[5-(N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基)噻吩-2-基]丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-[5-(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl]acrylic acid)(36
)。
[流程4]
如流程4所示,首先在氰化鈉(sodium cyanide)存在下,將5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(41
)與3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(2-噻吩基)-1-丙酮(3-dimethylamino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-prapanone)(42
)反應,合成1-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-噻吩-2-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)-1,4-丁二酮(1-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-
yl)-1,4-butanedione)(43
)。接著,在醋酸存在下,1-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-噻吩-2-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)-1,4-丁二酮(43
)與甲胺(methylamine)反應,可得到9,9-二乙基-7-(5-(N
-甲基-5-(噻吩-2-基)吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(9,9-diethyl-7-(5-(N
-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenyl-9H
-fluoren-2-amine)(44
)。然後,先用正丁基鋰(n
-butyl lithium)與9,9-二乙基-7-(5-(N
-甲基-5-(噻吩-2-基)吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(44
)反應,再與二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)反應,可得到5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛(5-(5-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-N
-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(45
)。最後,在醋酸中以醋酸銨為催化劑,將5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛與氰乙酸反應,即可得到(E
)-2-氰-3-(5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-N
-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-yl)acrylic acid)(46
)。
以下實例在說明本發明,本發明之申請專利範圍並不會因此而受限制。其中化合物分子是以游離酸的形式表示,但其實際的形式可能是鹽頪,更可能是鹼金屬鹽或4級銨鹽。若無特別註明,則溫度為攝氏溫度,份數及百分
比係以重量計。重量份數和體積份數之關係就如同公斤和公升之關係。
接著,將參考上述之流程1至流程4,詳細說明本發明之染料化合物之製作方法。
實施例1
合成4-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺
(4-(1-methyl-1H
-pyrrole-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenylaniline)(12
)
在氮氣下,將3.24份4-溴-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(4-Bromo-N,N
-diphenylaniline)(11
)、4.00份1-甲基-2-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯(1-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)-1H
-pyrrole)(依照Armaroli,N.;Balzani,V.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2007, 46,
52的方法合成)、以及0.07份二氯二(三苯基膦)鈀(PdCl2
(PPh3
)2
)加入除水二甲基甲醯胺(dry dimethyl formamide)中攪拌混合,並將此反應混合物加熱至100℃反應16小時。反應混合物冷卻後用氟化鉀(KF)水溶液淬熄反應,用乙醚(diethyl ether)萃取產物,然後用濃鹽水清洗後再用硫酸鎂(magnesium sulfate)除水,抽除溶劑後的殘留物用矽膠管柱以二氯甲烷/己烷(dichloromethane/hexane)沖提層析純化,可得本實施例之化合物(12
)。
實施例2
合成4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲
醛(4-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)benzaldehyde)(14a
)
同實施例1之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.85份4-溴苯甲醛(4-Bromobenzaldehyde)取代4-溴-N,N
-二苯基苯胺,且使用6.63份4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺(4-(1-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)-1H
-pyrrole-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenylaniline)(13
)(依照Armaroli,N.;Balzani,V.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2007, 46,
52的方法合成)取代1-甲基-2-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯。
實施例3
合成(E)-2-氰-3-[4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯基]丙烯酸((E)-2-cyano-3-[4-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)]phenyl)acrylic acid)(15a
)
將0.80份4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛(14a
)、0.21份氰乙酸(cyanoacetic acid)以及0.04份醋酸銨(ammonium acetate)加入到10份醋酸(acetic acid)中攪拌混合,並將此反應混合物加熱至120℃反應8小時。反應混合物冷卻至25℃後過濾取出固體,然後依序以水、乙醚及甲醇(methanol)清洗得黑棕色固體,最後,將此固體產物用矽膠管柱層析純化,可得本實施例之化合物(15a
)。
實施例4
合成5-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)噻吩
-2-甲醛(5-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(14b
)
同實施例2之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.91份5-溴-2-噻吩甲醛(5-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde)取代4-溴苯甲醛。
實施例5
合成(E
)-2-氰-3-(5-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid)(15b
)
同實施例3之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用0.81份5-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛(14b
)取代4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛(14a
)。
實施例6
合成2-(7-溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯(2-(7-bromo-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H
-pyrrole)(22
)
同實施例1之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用3.80份2,7-二溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴(2,7-dibromo-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluorene)(21
)取代4-溴-N,N
-二苯基苯胺。
實施例7
合成9,9-二乙基-7-(1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(9,9-diethyl-7-(1-methyl-1H
-pyrrol-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenyl-9H
-fluoren-2-amine)(23a
)
將3.00份2-(7-溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)1-甲基-1-氫
-吡咯(22
)、1.54份二苯胺(diphenylamine)、1.14份三級
-丁基醇鈉(sodiumtert
-butoxide)、0.09份雙(二亞芐基丙酮酸)鈀(Pd(dba)2
)、以及0.065份三-三級
-丁基膦(tri-tert
-butyl phosphine)加入到50份甲苯(toluene)中攪拌混合,並將此反應混合物加熱至80℃反應8小時。用水淬熄反應後用乙醚萃取產物,再用硫酸鎂除水,抽除溶劑後的殘留物用矽膠管柱以二氯甲烷/己烷沖提層析純化,可得本實施例之化合物(23a
)。
實施例8
合成5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(5-[N
-methyl-2-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(25a
)
同實施例4之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用8.18份N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-5-tributylstannylpyrrole)(依照Armaroli,N.;Balzani,V.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2007, 46,
52的方法合成)(24a
)取代4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺。
實施例9
合成(E
)-2-氰-3-[5-(N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基)噻吩-2-基]丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-[5-(N
-methyl-2-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl]acrylic acid)(26a
)
同實施例3之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.08份5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(25a
)取代4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛。
實施例10
合成N-甲基-2-(7-(N
-苯基-1-萘胺基)-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(7-(N
-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrole)(23b
)
同實施例7之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用2.0份N
-苯基-1-萘胺(N
-phenyl-1-naphthylamine)取代二苯胺。
實施例11
合成5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-(N
-苯基-1-萘胺基)-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(5-[N
-methyl-2-(7-(N
-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(25b
)
同實施例4之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了
使用8.72份N
-甲基-2-(7-(N
-苯基-1-萘胺基)-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(7-(N
-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)-5-tributylstannylpyrrole)(24b
)(依照Armaroli,N.;Balzani,V.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2007, 46,
52的方法合成)取代4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺。
實施例12
合成(E
)-2-氰-3-[5-(N
-甲基-2-(7-(N
-苯基-1-萘胺基)-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基)噻吩-2-基]丙烯酸(E
)-2-cyano-3-[5-(N
-methyl-2-(7-(N
-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)pyrrol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl]acrylic acid)(26b
)
同實施例3之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.17份5-[N
-甲基-2-(7-(N
-苯基-1-萘胺基)-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(25b
)取代4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛。
實施例13
合成N
-甲基-2-(3-溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-bromo-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrole)(32
)
同實施例1之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用4.09份3,6-二溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑(3,6-dibromo-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazole)(31
)取代4-溴-N,N
-二苯基苯胺。
實施例14
合成N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrole)(33
)
同實施例7之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用3.23份N
-甲基-2-(3-溴-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯(32
)取代2-(7-溴-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯。
實施例15
合成5-[N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(5-[N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(35
)
同實施例4之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用8.50份N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)-5-三丁基錫吡咯(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)-5-tributylstannylpyrrole)(依照Armaroli,N.;Balzani,V.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 2007, 46,
52的方法合成)取代(34
)4-(1-甲基-5-(三丁基錫)-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基苯胺。
實施例16
合成(E
)-2-氰-3-[5-(N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基)噻吩-2-基]丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-[5-
(N
-methyl-2-(3-diphenylamino-9-hexyl-9H
-carbazol-6-yl)pyrrol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl]acrylic acid)(36
)
同實施例3之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.13份5-[N
-甲基-2-(3-二苯胺基-9-己基-9氫
-咔唑-6-基)吡咯-5-基]噻吩-2-甲醛(35
)取代4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛。
實施例17
合成1-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)-1,4-丁二酮(1-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,4-butanedione)(43
)
在氮氣下,將0.12份磨粉過之氰化鈉(sodium cyanide)與1.00份二甲基甲醯胺攪拌混合,再把1.20份5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(41
)溶於5.00份二甲基甲醯胺的溶液加入。攪拌10分鐘後,再把0.44份3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(2-噻吩基)-1-丙酮(3-dimethylamino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-prapanone)(42
)溶於5.00份二甲基甲醯胺的溶液,以10分鐘的時間慢慢加入。待此暗紅色反應混合物反應16小時後,倒入100份水中並用二氯甲烷萃取產物,再依序以40份10%鹽酸(10% HCl)、40份飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(saturated aqueous NaHCO3
)及50份水清洗合併之有機萃取液,然後再用硫酸鎂除水,抽除溶劑後的殘留物用矽膠管柱以二氯甲烷/己烷沖提層
析純化,可得本實施例之化合物。
實施例18
合成9,9-二乙基-7-(5-(N
-甲基-5(噻吩-2-基)吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(9,9-diethyl-7-(5-(N
-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-N
,N
-diphenyl-9H
-fluoren-2-amine)(44
)
在氮氣下,將含有0.94份1-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)-1,4-丁二酮(43
)、0.27份40%甲胺(methylamine)水溶液、0.20份冰醋酸(glacial acetic acid)以及30份甲苯之混合液置於裝有分水器(Dean-Stark trap)之反應瓶回流反應48小時。此反應混合物用水洗後再將有機層用真空濃縮,用二氯甲烷溶解濃縮殘留物,依序以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、水及濃鹽水清洗,然後再用硫酸鎂除水,抽除溶劑後的殘留物用矽膠管柱以二氯甲烷/己烷沖提層析純化,可得本實施例之化合物。
實施例19
合成5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛((5-(5-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-N-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(45
)
在氮氣下,將0.40份9,9-二乙基-7-(5-(N
-甲基-5(噻吩-2-基)吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N,N
-二苯基-9氫
-芴-2-胺(44
)與四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)之混合液用液態氮-
丙酮浴(acetone-liquid N2
bath)冷卻至-78℃,在激烈攪拌下,以10分鐘的時間滴入0.40份1.6 M正丁基鋰(n
-butyl lithium)己烷溶液,以1小時的時間把反應液溫度升至0℃並再繼續維持在此溫度下1小時。接著,將反應混合物冷卻至-78℃並加入二甲基甲醯胺,然後讓反應液回溫至25℃並攪拌16小時。此反應用1 N鹽酸淬熄並用乙醚萃取產物,並將合併之有機萃取液用硫酸鎂除水,最後抽除溶劑後的殘留物並用矽膠管柱以二氯甲烷/己烷沖提層析純化,可得本實施例之化合物。
實施例20
合成(E
)-2-氰-3-(5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸((E
)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(5-(7-diphenylamino-9,9-diethyl-9H
-fluoren-2-yl)thiophenyl-2-yl)-N
-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophene-2-yl)acrylic acid)(46
)
同實施例3之相同步驟製備本實施例之化合物,除了使用1.23份5-(5-(5-(7-二苯胺基-9,9-二乙基-9氫
-芴-2-基)噻吩-2-基)-N
-甲基-吡咯-2-基)噻吩-2-甲醛(45
)取代4-(5-(4-(二苯胺基)苯基)-1-甲基-1氫
-吡咯-2-基)苯甲醛。
測試方法與結果
UV-Vis光譜
將本發明實施例3、實施例5、實施例9、實施例12及實施例20之染料化合物用二甲基甲醯胺為溶劑,配製濃
度為1.0×10-5
M之染料溶液。另外,將本發明實施例16及N719染料用二甲基甲醯胺為溶劑,配製濃度為2.0×10-5
M之染料溶液。然後,測量各染料溶液之UV-Vis光譜。
染料敏化太陽能池之製作及測試
先將用銳鈦礦(TiO2
)奈米晶體顆粒製備的電極浸泡於含有本發明之染料化合物的溶液中若干時間,使染料化合物吸附於電極之銳鈦礦奈米晶體顆粒上。然後取出銳鈦礦奈米晶體顆粒電極,以溶劑略為沖洗並乾燥後,蓋上對電極並密封。之後,將電解液(0.05 M I2
/0.5 M LiI/0.5 M 4-三級
-丁基吡啶的乙腈溶液)注入,再將注入口密封,即可完有效面積為0.25平方公分的染料敏化太陽能電池。將所得之染料敏化太陽能電池在AM 1.5的照明下,測試其短路電流(JSC
)、開路電壓(VOC
)、光電轉換效率(η)、填充因子(FF)及單波光光電流轉換效率(Incident Photon to Current Conversion Efficiency,IPCE)。
比較例
以上述相同的方式來製作N719染料之染料敏化太陽電池,並測試N719染料之染料敏化太陽電池在AM 1.5的照明下,測試其短路電流(JSC
)、開路電壓(VOC
)、光電轉換效率(η)、填充因子(FF)及單波光光電流轉換效率。
測試結果整理如下表1:
表1. 染料及染料敏化太陽能池之測試結果
由表1之測試結果顯示,本發明實施例染料化合物之最長波長吸收峰之莫耳吸收係數高於比較例N719之最長波長吸收峰之莫耳吸收係數,表示用比較少量的本發明實施例之染料化合物,即可得到與N719相同之光吸收效率。
綜上所述,本發明無論就目的、手法及功效,或就其技術層面與研發設計上,在在均顯示其迥異於習知技術之特徵。惟應注意的是,上述諸多實施例僅係為了便於說明故舉例闡述之,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神及範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準,而非僅限於上述實施例。
Claims (17)
- 一種用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物,其結構如下式(I):
其中R1 為C1 ~C6 烷基;D1 、及D2 各自獨立分別為C1 ~C6 烷基、、、、或,其中R2 、R3 、R4 、及R8 各自 獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素,R5 、及R6 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,且R7 為H、或C1 ~C6 烷基; X為、或,其中R11 、及R12 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,R10 、R13 、及R14 各自獨立分別為H、或C1 ~C6 烷基,Z為O、S、或Se,m為0、或1,且n為0、或1; Y為、、、、、或,其中R15 、R16 、及R17 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,R18 、R19 、及R20 各自獨立分別為H、或C1 ~C6 烷基,且Z'為O、S、或Se。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之染料化合物,其中D1 、及D2 各自獨立分別為、、、或,其中R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 、及R8 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,且R7 為C1 ~C6 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之染料化合物,其中D1 、及D2 各自獨立分別為、或,其中R2 、及R3 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之染料化合物,其中R2 、及R3 為H。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之染料化合物,其中Z為S,m為0或1,n為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之染料化合物,其中R11 、R12 、及R14 各自獨立分別為H、或C1 ~C6 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之染料化合物,其中R10 為H。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之染料化合物,其中Y為、或,其中R15 為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,R18 為H、或C1 ~C6 烷基,且Z'為O、S、或Se。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之染料化合物,其中Z'為S。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之染料化合物,其中D1 、及D2 各自獨立分別為、、、或,其中R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 、及R8 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、或鹵素,且R7 為C1 ~C6 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之染料化合物,其中Z為S,m為0、或1,且n為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之染料化合物,其中R15 、及R18 為H。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之染料化合物,其中D1 、及D2 各自獨立分別為、或,其中R2 、及 R3 各自獨立分別為H、C1 ~C6 烷基、C1 ~C6 烷氧基、胺基、或鹵素。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之染料化合物,其中R2 、及R3 為H。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之染料化合物,其中Z為S,m為0、或1,且n為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之染料化合物,其中R15 、及R18 為H。
- 一種用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物,其結構如下式(26a)、式(26b)、式(36)或式(46):
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|---|---|---|---|
| TW097112471A TWI384034B (zh) | 2008-04-07 | 2008-04-07 | 用於染料敏化太陽能電池之染料化合物 |
| US12/155,033 US7569704B1 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2008-05-29 | Dye compound |
| GB0900215.5A GB2459001B (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-01-08 | Dye compound |
| AU2009200143A AU2009200143B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-01-15 | Dye compound |
| CH00145/09A CH698762B1 (it) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-01-30 | Composto colorante. |
| JP2009084008A JP2009249630A (ja) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-03-31 | 色素化合物 |
| DE102009016750A DE102009016750A1 (de) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Farbstoffverbindung |
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|---|---|
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| AU (1) | AU2009200143B2 (zh) |
| CH (1) | CH698762B1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102009016750A1 (zh) |
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| US8242355B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2012-08-14 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Photoelectric conversion element and solar cell |
| JP5347329B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-11-20 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光電変換素子及び太陽電池 |
| CN101735639A (zh) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-06-16 | 明德国际仓储贸易(上海)有限公司 | 染料化合物及用此染料化合物制作的光电组件 |
| TW201116593A (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2011-05-16 | Everlight Chem Ind Corp | Dye-sensitized solar cell and photoanode thereof |
| KR101311584B1 (ko) | 2010-06-29 | 2013-09-26 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 정공전도성을 갖는 화합물, 그의 공흡착체로서의 용도, 및 그를 포함하는 염료감응 태양전지 |
| EP2712859B1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2016-11-09 | Korea University Research and Business Foundation | Compounds having hole conducting property, co-adsorbent body comprising same, and dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the co-adsorbent body |
| JPWO2012081614A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-14 | 2014-05-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | ピロール系化合物およびその用途 |
| ITMI20111518A1 (it) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-09 | Eni Spa | Composto coniugato fotoattivo comprendente unita' indoliche |
| CN103524481B (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-08-19 | 纳米与先进材料研发有限公司 | 用于太阳能电池应用的低带隙的二氰基乙烯基和三氰基乙烯基低聚噻吩 |
| ITMI20130208A1 (it) | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-15 | Eni Spa | Colorante organico per una cella solare sensibilizzata da colorante |
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| US7446207B2 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2008-11-04 | Ctci Foundation | Organic dye used in dye-sensitized solar cell |
| AU2007221706B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2011-12-22 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device |
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| US7569704B1 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
| CH698762A2 (it) | 2009-10-15 |
| GB0900215D0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| GB2459001B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
| CH698762B1 (it) | 2011-10-14 |
| DE102009016750A1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
| AU2009200143B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
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| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |