1232609 五、發明說明（1) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係涉及燃料電池中雙極板的流道截面構造改 良，特別針對提升流道内移除液態水之能力而設計，避 免因液態水駐留在流道内造成燃料電池之性能下降，有 效解決習用流道構造必需額外的加工設備或在流道上塗 佈特殊疏水性塗料之課題，不但降低製造成本，尤適合 大量生產。 【先前技術】 在低溫燃料電池操作中，由於電池溫度始終控制在 1 0 0 °c以下，電池的副產物一水，會在流道内凝結進 而造成積水現象。若電池流道内排水設計不良，流道内 容易發生液態水的累積，使得電池的發電效率下降。由 此可看出，水管理在燃料電池的發展上佔有一定比例的 份量。 如第一圖所示，係為一般典型P E MP 燃料單顆電 池之各組成原件之結構剖視圖，其中，單電池係由一高 分子質子交換薄膜1 0為主體，在高分子質子交換薄膜 1 0為主體上下兩側各設有一觸媒層2 0 ，相對應於觸 媒層2 0之外側係為氣體擴散層3 0 ，相對應於氣體擴 散層3 0之外側為雙極板4 0 ，於雙極板4 0上設有呈 迴繞狀之流道5 0 ，以提供氣體在雙極板4 0上移動的 路徑；至於，雙極板4 0上之流道5 0係面向於該電池 單體之氣體擴散層3 0 ，且流道4 0之間係形成導電區1232609 V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to the improvement of the cross-sectional structure of the flow path of a bipolar plate in a fuel cell, and is specifically designed to improve the ability to remove liquid water in the flow path to avoid liquid water. Residing in the flow channel causes the performance of the fuel cell to decrease, and effectively solves the problems that conventional flow channel structures require additional processing equipment or the application of special hydrophobic coatings on the flow channel, which not only reduces manufacturing costs, but is especially suitable for mass production. [Previous Technology] In the operation of low-temperature fuel cells, since the battery temperature is always controlled below 100 ° C, the by-product of the battery, water, will condense in the flow channel and cause water accumulation. If the drainage design of the battery flow channel is poor, the accumulation of liquid water in the flow channel is prone to cause the battery's power generation efficiency to decrease. It can be seen that water management occupies a certain proportion in the development of fuel cells. As shown in the first figure, it is a structural cross-sectional view of the components of a typical typical PE MP fuel single cell. The single cell is mainly composed of a polymer proton exchange film 10, and the polymer proton exchange film 10 A catalyst layer 20 is provided on each of the upper and lower sides of the main body. A gas diffusion layer 3 0 corresponds to the outer side corresponding to the catalyst layer 20, and a bipolar plate 4 0 corresponds to the outer side corresponding to the gas diffusion layer 30. The bipolar plate 40 is provided with a recirculating flow channel 50 to provide a path for gas to move on the bipolar plate 40. As for the flow channel 50 on the bipolar plate 40, it faces the battery cell. Gas diffusion layer 3 0 of the body, and a conductive region is formed between the flow channels 40
第6頁 1232609 五、發明說明（2) 域9 0 ，由 3 0之接觸 構成如第二 由於， 陽極部分游 體，卻不是 移動至陰極 的電動勢可 子交換薄膜 果薄膜含水 的性能；反 1 ο 〇 d i ，亦會降低 尤其是在P 從事水 能力的方向 材料多採用 由金屬或金 惟，P 副產物一水 前，會先經 數過低，或 的泛溢現象 ，造成電池 導電區域 ，而得以 圖所示之 高分子質 離至陰極 電子的良 ，外部迴 驅動電子 的導離子 量過低， 之，若薄 n g )， 電池的性 E M F C 管理研究 切入，以 碳板，或 屬合金加 Ε Μ燃料 ，為了電 過加濕處 者溫度不 ，降低電 無法工作 9 0構成雙極板4 0與氣體擴散層 進一步將第一圖所示之單電池串聯 燃料電池。 子交換薄 部分的通 導體，故 路連接電 裝置。根 能力與該 會減弱離 膜含水量 堵塞流道 能。有鑑 的領域裡 時 般 目前燃料 是以化工 工而成的 電池在反 池的效率 理，若電 足，皆會 池的反應 而停擺。 膜主要 道，係 電子須 子裝置 據實驗 薄膜所 子的傳 過高， ，使得 於此， 是相當 皆由增 電池的 原料加 流道板 應後， ，通常 池陰極 造成液 速率， 功能 為離 經由 ，利 結果 含之 輸能 亦會 氣體 水管 重要 加或 技術 工過 在提供 子的良 外部迴 用陰陽 顯示高 水量有 力，降 造成溢 無法持 理在燃 的課題 促進流來看， 的碳板 會在陰極流 氣體在進入 流道内氣體 態水在陰極 甚至堵塞整 質子由 好導極 路由陽 極之間 分子質關，如 低電池 流（f 續供給 料電池 之一 0 道排水 雙極板 ，也有 道產生 電池之 之雷諾 流道内 個流道 ΦPage 6 1232609 V. Description of the invention (2) Domain 90, consisting of 30 contacts, as the second due to the fact that the anode part of the body, but not the electromotive force, which can be moved to the cathode, can be exchanged with the thin film of the fruit film; ο 〇di, will also reduce, especially in the direction of P's ability to engage in water. Most materials are made of metal or gold, and the by-product of P will be too low, or the phenomenon of overflow will cause the conductive area of the battery. As shown in the figure, the polymer mass is good to the cathode electrons, and the amount of externally driven electrons is too low. In other words, if it is thin, the EMFC management research of the battery is cut into carbon plates or alloys. For EM fuel, in order to reduce the temperature of the humidifier, the electricity cannot be reduced by 90 to form a bipolar plate 40 and a gas diffusion layer. The single cell shown in the first figure is connected in series to the fuel cell. The sub-conductors exchange thin conductors, so the circuits are connected to electrical devices. Root capacity and this will weaken the membrane water content to block the flow channel energy. In the learned field, the current fuel is based on the efficiency of the battery in the chemical industry. If the battery is sufficient, the battery will stop responding. The main channel of the membrane is that the electronic whisker device is too high according to the experimental thin film, so that it is quite common that the raw material of the battery is added to the flow channel plate, and usually the cell cathode causes the liquid velocity. The result of the energy transfer will also be an important addition to the gas pipe or a technical engineer who has reused yin and yang in the good outside of the supplier to show that the high amount of water is strong, which can cause spillage. The problem of unreasonable combustion is promoted. From the perspective of the carbon board, The gas flow in the cathode enters the flow channel. The gaseous water in the cathode even blocks the whole proton. The good mass leads to the anode and the molecular mass between the anode, such as low battery flow (f. A runner in the Renault runner that produces the battery Φ
第7頁 1232609 五、發明說明（3) 再者，由於傳統流道之截面構造多係如第三圖所示 ，係在與雙極板4 0之間形成一平直壁面6 0 ，由於平 直壁面6 0的幾何結構設計不良，以至於燃料電池液態 積水容易累積在流道截面的轉角處，如第四圖所示之白 色圈選處，以及第五圖中滯留於流道5 0平直壁面6 0 四個角落之液態積水8 0 ，即係降低電池的反應速率， 甚至堵塞整個流道，造成電池無法工作而停擺之主因之 【發明内容】 基於前段所述，本發明之主要目的係提供一種新型 具有良好排水能力之Ρ Ε Μ燃料電池流道結構，使燃料 電池雙極板上的流道能夠具有較佳的排水能力。 藉由本發明所提供之流道設計，雙極板可以不需額 外以化工或其他加工方式對流道表面作疏水性之處理， 雙極板流道即可達到有效排水的目的。 為達到上述目的，本發明在實施方式中，係將傳統 雙極板流道之方形壁面改成圓孤形壁面，圓弧形之壁面 可使得液態水在流道壁面的接觸面積減小，縮小液態水 對流道壁面的黏滯效應，使得氣體得以用較小的慣性力 即可達到排水之目的，在一固定/流道截面積的條件下， 慣性力對黏滯效應的比值減小，表示雷諾數數值之減小 ;而雷諾數減小，即代表氣體的流速減小，其一表示氣 體在電池内部的駐留時間增加，可增加反應的時間，提Page 7 1232609 V. Description of the invention (3) Furthermore, because the cross-sectional structure of traditional flow channels is mostly shown in the third figure, a flat wall surface 6 0 is formed between the bipolar plate 4 0 and The geometrical design of the straight wall surface 60 is poor, so that the liquid liquid in the fuel cell easily accumulates at the corners of the cross section of the flow channel, as shown in the white circle in the fourth figure, and stays in the flow channel 50 flat in the fifth figure. Straight-walled surface 60 0 The four corners of the liquid water 80, which is to reduce the battery's reaction rate, and even block the entire flow channel, causing the battery to stop working and the main reason [Summary] Based on the previous paragraph, the main purpose of the present invention It is to provide a new PE fuel cell flow channel structure with good drainage ability, so that the flow channel of the fuel cell bipolar plate can have better drainage capacity. With the flow channel design provided by the present invention, the bipolar plate can be used for hydrophobic treatment of the surface of the flow channel without additional chemical or other processing methods, and the bipolar plate flow channel can achieve the purpose of effective drainage. In order to achieve the above object, in the embodiment of the present invention, the square wall surface of the traditional bipolar plate flow channel is changed to a circular solitary wall surface, and the circular arc-shaped wall surface can reduce the contact area of the liquid water on the flow channel wall surface. The viscous effect of liquid water on the wall of the flow channel allows the gas to achieve drainage with a smaller inertial force. Under a fixed / flow channel cross-sectional area, the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous effect is reduced. The Reynolds number decreases; while the Reynolds number decreases, which means that the flow velocity of the gas decreases. One is that the residence time of the gas inside the battery increases, which can increase the reaction time.
1232609 五、發明說明（4) 高氫氣的使用效率；其二表示氣體的供應速率減小，等 量的氣體可使用的壽命時間相對增加，故可降低燃料成 本0 【實施方式】 本發明所提出新型流道截面構造之加工方式，將藉 由以下的實施方式及附呈圖式做進一步之說明。 本發明「燃料電池雙極板流道之截面構造」，其雙 極板係配置在燃料電池之電池單體（單電池）中，如第 六圖所示，每一個電池單體係由一高分子質子交換薄膜 1 0為主體，在高分子質子交換薄膜1 0為主體上下兩 側各設有一觸媒層2 0 ，相對應於觸媒層2 0之外側係 為氣體擴散層3 0 ，相對應於氣體擴散層3 0之外側為 雙極板4 0，於雙極板4 0上設有呈迴繞狀之流道5 0 ，以提供氣體在雙極板4 0上移動的路徑；至於，雙極 板4 0上之流道5 0係面向於該電池單體之氣體擴散層 3 0 ^且流道4 0之間係形成導電區域9 0 ’由導電區 域9 0構成雙極板4 0與氣體擴散層3 0之接觸，而得 以進一步將第一圖所示之單電池亊聯構成如第八圖所示 之燃料電池。 於具體實施時，最外上下兩側之雙極板4 0 ，一側 之流道5 0係可做為為氫氣流道，另一側之流道5 0則 係為氧氣或空氣之通道；當然，每一側之每一個流道之 間係形成有凸起狀之導電區域9 0 5以此構成雙極板41232609 V. Description of the invention (4) High use efficiency of hydrogen; the second means that the supply rate of the gas is reduced and the usable life time of the same amount of gas is relatively increased, so the fuel cost can be reduced. [Embodiment] The present invention proposes The processing method of the new cross-section structure of the flow channel will be further explained by the following embodiments and attached drawings. According to the present invention, the “cross-section structure of the flow path of a bipolar plate of a fuel cell”, the bipolar plate is arranged in a battery cell (single cell) of a fuel cell. As shown in the sixth figure, each battery cell system consists of a high A molecular proton exchange film 10 is used as a main body, and a polymer proton exchange film 10 is used as a main body, and a catalyst layer 20 is provided on the upper and lower sides of the body, and a gas diffusion layer 3 0 is provided on the outer side corresponding to the catalyst layer 20. Corresponding to the outside of the gas diffusion layer 30 is a bipolar plate 40. A bipolar plate 40 is provided with a recirculating flow channel 50 to provide a path for the gas to move on the bipolar plate 40. As for, The flow channel 50 on the bipolar plate 40 faces the gas diffusion layer 3 0 of the battery cell, and a conductive region 9 0 is formed between the flow channels 40. The bipolar plate 40 is formed by the conductive region 9 0. In contact with the gas diffusion layer 30, it is possible to further couple the single cells shown in the first figure to the fuel cell shown in the eighth figure. In specific implementation, the outermost upper and lower sides of the bipolar plate 40, the flow channel 50 on one side can be used as a hydrogen flow channel, and the flow channel 50 on the other side is a channel for oxygen or air; Of course, a convex conductive region 9 0 5 is formed between each flow channel on each side to form a bipolar plate 4
第9頁 1232609 五、發明說明（5) 0與氣體擴散層3 0之接觸。 請同時配合參照第七圖所示，本發明之流道5 0截 面構造主要係將原本平直壁面（具有九十度轉角之壁面 )，改成弧形壁面其可如圖所示之圓弧壁面7 0 ，亦可 為任何R角> 0 弧形壁面，此圓弧壁面7 0可將傳統平直 壁面容易積水之角落以雙極板材料填滿，如此即可減少 流道内積水之機會。除此之外，根據力學原理可知平直 壁面具有九十度轉角之截面積，角容易產生應力集中， 進而產生材料之疲勞現象，降低材料的強度，最終造成 破壞，本發明所提供圓弧壁面f 0 ，可有效消除雙極板 4 0上應力集中之現象，進而避免材料的疲勞問題，相 對增加了材料使用的壽命長度，同時也降低材料的使用 成本。 當然，該弧形壁面其可如第八圖所示之圓弧壁面7 0 ，亦可如第九圖所示為部分弧形壁面7 0 ’ 部分直線 壁面之形式，亦可達相同之功效。 另外，本發明在進行流道截面之加工時形狀時，係 可使用C N C加工機配合球刀操作，經過切削加工過後 之流道底面即為圓弧壁面。若雙極板材料為金屬成分可 選擇使用鑄造方式，將已達熔點呈液態之金屬材料澆注 入模具内，模具内流場部份已預先將流道結構製成凸起 之圓弧狀，待澆入之液態材料降溫並成型後，雙極板之 製作即完成。 又，雙極板若係為碳基等非金屬之材料，則可選擇Page 9 1232609 V. Description of the invention (5) 0 is in contact with the gas diffusion layer 30. Please also refer to the seventh figure at the same time. The 50-section structure of the flow channel of the present invention is mainly to change the original straight wall surface (the wall surface with a 90-degree angle) into an arc-shaped wall surface, which can be shown in an arc. The wall surface 7 0 can also be any R angle> 0 arc wall surface, this circular wall surface 70 can fill the corners of the traditional straight wall surface with water accumulation with bipolar plate material, so that the chance of water accumulation in the flow channel can be reduced . In addition, according to the principle of mechanics, it can be known that the straight wall surface has a cross-sectional area of 90 degrees, and the angle is liable to cause stress concentration, which in turn will cause the fatigue phenomenon of the material, reduce the strength of the material, and eventually cause damage. The circular arc wall surface provided by the present invention f 0 can effectively eliminate the stress concentration on the bipolar plate 40, thereby avoiding the fatigue problem of the material, relatively increasing the length of the life of the material, and also reducing the cost of the material. Of course, the arc-shaped wall surface can be the arc-shaped wall surface 70 as shown in the eighth figure, or the arc-shaped wall surface 7 0 ′ and a part of the straight-line wall surface as shown in the ninth figure, which can also achieve the same effect. In addition, when the shape of the cross section of the flow channel is processed in the present invention, a CNC machining machine can be used in conjunction with a ball cutter to operate, and the bottom surface of the flow channel after cutting is the arc wall surface. If the material of the bipolar plate is a metal component, the casting method can be selected. The metal material that has reached the melting point in a liquid state is poured into the mold. The flow field part of the mold has been made into a convex arc shape in advance. After the poured liquid material is cooled and shaped, the production of the bipolar plate is completed. In addition, if the bipolar plate is a non-metallic material such as carbon, you can choose
第10頁 1232609_ 五、發明說明（6) 使用粉末冶金方式進行，與鑄造方式相似，先將模具上 流道結構製成凸起之圓弧形狀，待置入粉狀原料壓製成 型並燒結完成後，圓弧狀截面之雙極板流道即完成製作 。以及，當雙極板之材料係為高分子之化工塑膠原料時 ，則可使用射出成型之方式加工製作，與鑄造方式相仿 ，預先製作一適合之模具，在流道結構部份則先製成圓 弧狀，再將融熔狀之原料以射出之方式，加工製作，完 成後即可得到所需之雙極板以及具有圓弧壁面之流道結 構。 如上所述，本發明提供燃料電池雙極板另一較佳可 行之流道構造，明顯改善流道之排水能力，實為一突破 習知技藝之新穎設計，爰依法提呈發明專利之申請；惟 ，上述所列之技術實施方式在各方面都應被視為例示性 而非限制例實施方式，而所有之改變只要合乎本案之申 請專利範圍所定義或與其技術實施方式等效者，均應包 含在本案所主張之範疇内。Page 10 1232609_ V. Description of the invention (6) The powder metallurgy method is used. Similar to the casting method, the upper runner structure of the mold is first made into a convex arc shape. After the powdery raw material is pressed and sintered, The arc-shaped cross-section bipolar plate runner is completed. And, when the material of the bipolar plate is a polymer chemical plastic material, it can be processed by injection molding, which is similar to the casting method. A suitable mold is made in advance, and it is first made in the structure part of the flow channel. It is arc-shaped, and the molten raw materials are processed by injection. After the completion, the required bipolar plate and the flow channel structure with arc-shaped wall surface can be obtained. As mentioned above, the present invention provides another preferred and feasible flow channel structure of the fuel cell bipolar plate, which significantly improves the drainage capacity of the flow channel. It is a novel design that breaks through the conventional technology, and filed an application for an invention patent according to law; However, the above-mentioned technical implementations should be considered in all aspects as illustrative rather than limiting implementations, and all changes should be within the scope of the scope of the patent application or equivalent to their technical implementations Included in the scope claimed in this case.
第11頁 1232609 圖式簡單說明 第一圖係為習知單顆燃料電池各組成構件之結構剖視圖 〇 第二圖係為複數個習知單電池串聯組合後之結構剖視圖 之 態 水 狀 態 之 。液 水 圖積 態 意累 液 示落 積 狀角 累 形在 面 面流 璧 截統 直 之傳 平 道為之 流示 道 板標 流 極圈 形 雙圓 方 知色 統。 習白。傳圖 為以片為意 係係圖係示 圖圖 圖 三四 五 第第 第 電 電 料料 。 燃 燃 圖 顆顆 。意 單 單 一11示 之 之 意狀 成 成 示形 構構 狀一 所 所 形另 造。造 面面 構圖構 截截 道視道 道道 流剖流 流流 之構之 之之 明結明。述述 發件發圖所所 本構本視明明 用成用剖發發 使組使構本本 為各為結為為 係池係池係係 圖 圖 圖圖 六 七 八九 第 第 第第Page 11 1232609 Brief description of the drawings The first diagram is a structural cross-sectional view of the components of a conventional single fuel cell. The second diagram is the state of the structural cross-sectional view of a plurality of conventional single-cell batteries in series. The liquid-water map state is exhausted, the liquid is shown to be accumulated, the angle is accumulated on the surface, the flow is truncated, the straight path is flat, and the flow is shown. Xi Bai. The pictures are taken with the film as the meaning. The pictures are shown in the figure. Burning diagrams. The intention of a single 11 indicates that the intention is formed into a shape and structure. The structure of the surface is cut off, and the structure of the stream is streamlined. The description of the sender's and the design institute's constitution is clearly stated.
I 【元件代表符號說明】 1 0 · •高分子質子交換薄膜 2 0 · •觸媒層 3 0 · •氣體擴散層 4 0 · •雙極板 5 0 · •流道 6 0 . •平直壁面 7 0 · •圓孤壁面I [Description of Symbols of Components] 1 0 • • Polymer proton exchange film 2 0 • • Catalyst layer 3 0 • • Gas diffusion layer 4 0 • • Bipolar plate 5 0 • • Flow channel 6 0. • Flat wall surface 7 0 · • Round isolated wall
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