1232594 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於太陽電力聚光器電力系統的薄膜多接面 光電伏打陣列模組。 【先前技術】 在1 9 9 0年代，大部份具有平板矽光電半導體晶片之 光電伏打器會以商用系統的1 5 %至1 8 %的轉換效率產生電 力。從那時以後，能源及PV製造工業部門實質上已改進 薄膜及多接面光電半導體晶片。在1 999年，Spectrolab 以高達34%的商用效率，產生新的三接面光電半導體晶片 〇 新的三接面光電半導體晶片比傳統的光電半導體晶片 成本高很多，以致於無法將具有平板的光電伏打器設計成 產生電力的太陽能接收器。 授予Fraas等的美國專利號5,5〇 5,7 8 9揭示直線聚焦 光電伏打模組，其使用固態二次光件以改進抗輻射性。此 發明由線性拱狀菲涅耳透鏡陣列組成，該陣列具有延著每 一透鏡的聚焦線設置的線性光電伏打電池接收器。二次光 件形狀上可爲碗狀。 這些系統揭示菲涅耳透鏡、及碗狀反射鏡的組合。 【發明內容】 設計低成本、高效率的集光器，其會以點聚焦與昂貴 -5- 1232594 (2) 光電半導體晶片的更小面積親合。太陽電力聚光器是菲捏 耳透鏡與反光器的組合，其能在六吋距離內使太陽能強度 集中3 0 0至1 0 0 Q倍。可以以低成本的傳統材料製造太陽 月匕電力集光器’並且因爲其點聚焦僅需要昂貴的太陽能光 電半導體晶片較小的面積，而取代大部份的模組表面積。 本發明關於太陽能電力發電系統的薄膜多接面光電伏 打陣列模組。局性能光電伏打（pv )陣列模組具有轉換 收到的太陽能成爲電力之多接面聚光型太陽能光電半導體 晶片。 光電伏打光電半導體晶片是半導體裝置，其會經由光 電伏打效應而將陽光直接轉換成電力。p V應用的重要發 展之一是藉由陣列模組的設計以更有效率地將陽光直 接轉換成電力，進而降低系統成本。 PV陣列模組包含具有菲涅耳透鏡、CPC反射器及特 疋形狀的玻璃透鏡之陽光多級集能，其能在系統中以昂貴 的多接面聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片的更小表面積製造 。太陽能高聚光及高效率多接面光電半導體晶片是降低產 生電力的PV陣列模組成本之重要因素。 聚光器具有集中太陽光二次之二層菲涅耳透鏡。第二 菲涅耳透鏡會使進入的光線以增加的3 0 °折射。此較大的 折射會使系統增加四小時的有用時間。C P C也會被重新調 整以致於每天以多於八小時的時間補捉太陽光照射的直接 光線。在太陽能發電系統中可以不使用追蹤太陽之光電伏 打模組追蹤裝置。因此，整體太陽能電力系統的總成本可 -6^ 1232594 (3) 打模組追縱裝置。因此，整體太陽能電力系統的總成本可 以降低3 〇%。因此，在商業上能夠在建築物的屋頂或固定 架上安裝低成本、高效率的固定式集能光電伏打太陽能發 電系統’並將其連接至公用規模的電力網。 【實施方式】 爹考圖式，特別是圖la及lb，顯示固定式內建PV 聚光器1〇，其包含第一聚光器11，用於將陽光聚焦。第 二聚光器12配置於第一聚光器11之下。第三聚光器13 配置於第二聚光器之下。第四聚光器1 4係特別形狀的玻 璃透鏡，配置於第三聚光器1 3的底部。聚光型太陽能光 電半導體晶片22係配置於第四聚光器14之下。第四聚光 器1 4會將光線聚焦達到原始太陽能隔離的1 000倍。此外 ’聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片22可以以四接面太陽能 光電半導體晶片提供4 5 %的轉換效率。流經散熱器1 8的 流體會受聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片22加熱。 在較佳實施例中，聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片22 包括串聯的GalnP/GalnAs或GaAs聚光型太陽能光電半 導體晶片。而且，在較佳實施例中，第一聚光器1 1是菲 捏耳透鏡，第二聚光器12是菲涅耳透鏡，第三聚光器13 是複合式碗狀聚光器。第四聚光器1 4是聚光玻璃透鏡， 具有適用於不同應用的三種不同可能形狀之一。 第二菲涅耳透鏡會使進入的光線以增加的3 0 °折射。 &較大的折射會使系統增加四小時的有用時間。因此，系 -7- (4) 1232594 j不用使用追蹤裝置，可以—天Λ小時收集太陽能。系統 奉曰由雙折射而足以有效率地滿足其自身的電力需求。 弟二聚光器係由含有反射表面塗層及數層保護材 料的玻璃鏡製成。反射表面塗層也可以是鋁箔或塗鉻金屬 板。 第一聚光器1 3由具有玻璃鏡的陶瓷材料製成，玻璃 1¾具有由數層保護材料遮蓋的銀反射塗層。陶瓷墊係用以 藉由ί寸別黏者劑以將第三光學集能器1 3安裝至聚光器結 構。保護材料會降低高操作溫度時的熱應力。 在圖2a及2b中所示的另一實施例中，聚光型太陽能 光電半導體晶片24包括光電伏打薄膜多接面聚光型單元 。在圖3a及3b中，太陽電力聚光器1〇含有第一聚光器 ]1、第二聚光器I2、第三聚光器13、第四聚光器14、及 光纖30。光電伏打聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片26配置 於光纖30下方。在圖3b中，第四聚光器14是具有抗反 射塗層的玻璃透鏡，連接至直徑小於3 n m的光纖3 0，光 纖3〇係在具有正常陽光的5〇〇倍集光率之高效率多接面 聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片26之上。 裝置的功能如下所述： 來自第一及第二聚光器11、12之經過聚焦的陽光會 通過第三聚光器(亦即，複合式碗狀聚光器（CPC )) 的較寬開口孔徑（向上開口）。因此，即使碗狀集光未定位 成垂直於陽光，圍繞光線圓圈的邊緣仍能允許最大量的陽 光能夠被集中。經過聚焦的陽光會由CPC鏡連續地反射 (5) 1232594 並再度地聚焦於CP C 1 3的底部，如同類似於甜甜圈之三 維光環。 爲了使光環進一步調諧及集中，使用三種不同形狀的 固態玻璃透鏡（或者具有光纖之透鏡）作爲第三聚光器 22、24、26 〇 首先，如同圖1 b所示，位於第三聚光器1 3的底部之 玻璃透鏡1 4具有乳罩形剖面。經過聚焦的光之剖面視圖 類似於蟹眼，位於CPC 1 3的剖面之基部的二側。玻璃透 鏡1 4的剖面是用以使光環調諧及使進入的光在菲涅耳及 CPC透鏡之後集中至正常陽光強度的1 000倍。該光接著 撞擊多接面聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片22。乳罩形透 鏡1 4塗著有抗反射塗層。 第二，如圖2b所示，其中，太陽能光電半導體晶片 需要較少的集光度，新月型玻璃透鏡可以作爲第四聚光器 1 4。此玻璃透鏡具有類似於新月的剖面。透鏡具有凸出的 、向上表面，比凹陷的、向下表面具有更大的曲率。透鏡 也塗著有抗反射塗層。 第三，圖3 b所示，可以使用半球狀小件固態玻璃透 鏡，其具有凹面向上表面及平坦的向下表面。其會連接至 光纖30的短長度（小於三直徑，具有直徑D < 3 mm)。在 光纖3 0的底部，經過聚焦的光會通過光纖3 〇及撞擊在聚 光器多接面太陽能光電半導體晶片26上。透鏡1 4也會塗 著有抗反射塗層。 圖4係顯示具有第一菲涅耳透鏡1 1的聚光器結構i 〇 - 9 - 1232594 (6) ，配置於第二菲涅耳透鏡1 2之上，菲涅耳透鏡1 2係配置 於複合式碗狀聚光器14上方。菲涅耳透鏡11、12會集中 陽光的強度。經過聚焦的陽光會由複合式碗狀聚光器14 進一步集中20至50倍。此經過強化的陽光會聚焦在設有 熱交換器16之CPC 13上。流體18會流經熱交換器16並 由所產生的經過集能的太陽能加熱且壓力增加。 熱交換器16配置成接鄰於CPC 14的底部且包含陶瓷 與不銹鋼的混合物之金屬陶瓷塗層。金屬陶瓷塗層提供較 大的熱交換特性，具有9 6 %的太陽輻射吸收率。熱交換器 1 6也可以設計成如圖5所示之蜂巢式多孔金屬交錯流路 太陽能熱接收器。 因此，雖然已顯示及說明本發明的數個實施例，但是 ，顯然可知，在不悖離發明的精神及範圍之下，可以有很 多改變及修改。 【圖式簡單說明】 從配合附圖的上述詳細說明中，可以更加瞭解本發明 的其它目的及特點。但是，需瞭解圖式僅作爲說明之用而 非發明之限定。 在圖式中，其中，數個圖中類似的代號係代表類似的 元件： 圖1係顯示太陽能複合式集能器； 圖la係顯示具有1 000倍太陽能強度集能的光電伏打 四接面聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片的太陽電力聚光器系 統； -10- (7) 1232594 圖1 b係顯不圖1 a的A - A剖面視圖； 圖2a係顯不圖2b的太陽能電力聚光器，其具有4〇〇 倍以上的太陽能強度集能之光電伏打薄膜多接面聚光型太 * 陽能光電半導體晶片； _ 圖2 b係顯示圖2 a的B - B剖面視圖； 圖3 a係顯示具有光纖及光電伏打聚光型太陽能光電 半導體晶片之太陽電力聚光器的另一實施例； 圖3 b係顯示圖3 a的C - C剖面視圖； · 圖4係顯示具有加熱管（heat pipe)太陽能熱接收器之 太陽電力聚光器； 圖5係顯示具有蜂巢式多孔金屬交錯流路太陽能熱接 收器之太陽電力聚光器。 主要元件對照表 1 〇 :光電伏打聚光器 1 1 :第一聚光器 _ 12 :第二聚光器 13 :第三聚光器 1 4 :第四聚光器 1 5 :彈簧安全門鎖 16 :熱交換器 17:參考圖2之放大 1 8 :流體 1 9 :在第二菲涅耳透鏡之後的正常入射焦點 -11 - (8) . 1232594 2 1 :抗反射塗層 2 2 :聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片 24 :聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片 ’ 26 :光電伏打聚光型太陽能光電半導體晶片 - 27 :散熱片 2 8 :熱交換流體 3 0 :光纖 •1232594 (1) 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a thin film multi-junction photovoltaic photovoltaic array module of a solar power concentrator power system. [Previous technology] In the 1990s, most photovoltaic voltaic devices with flat silicon photovoltaic semiconductor chips would generate electricity with a conversion efficiency of 15% to 18% of commercial systems. Since then, the energy and PV manufacturing industries have substantially improved thin-film and multi-junction optoelectronic semiconductor wafers. In 1999, Spectrolab produced a new three-junction optoelectronic semiconductor wafer with a commercial efficiency of up to 34%. The new three-junction optoelectronic semiconductor wafer was much more expensive than the traditional optoelectronic semiconductor wafer, so that it was not possible to use a flat-panel optoelectronic semiconductor wafer. The voltaic device is designed as a solar receiver that generates electricity. U.S. Patent No. 5,505, 7, 8 9 to Fraas et al. Discloses a linear focusing photovoltaic module that uses a solid secondary light element to improve radiation resistance. The invention consists of a linear arched Fresnel lens array with a linear photovoltaic cell receiver arranged along the focal line of each lens. The secondary light member may be bowl-shaped in shape. These systems reveal combinations of Fresnel lenses and bowl mirrors. [Summary of the Invention] Designing a low-cost, high-efficiency light collector, which will focus on the point with expensive -5- 1232594 (2) smaller area of optoelectronic semiconductor wafer. The solar power concentrator is a combination of a philips lens and a reflector, which can concentrate solar energy at a distance of six inches from 300 to 100 Q times. The solar and solar power collectors can be manufactured with low cost traditional materials and because their point focusing requires only a small area of expensive solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafers, it replaces most of the module surface area. The invention relates to a thin film multi-junction photovoltaic array module of a solar power generation system. The local performance photovoltaic voltaic (PV) array module has a multi-junction concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor chip that converts the received solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic photovoltaic semiconductor wafers are semiconductor devices that directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. One of the important developments of pV applications is the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity more efficiently through the design of array modules, thereby reducing system costs. The PV array module includes a solar multi-level energy collection with Fresnel lenses, CPC reflectors, and special-shaped glass lenses, which can reduce the surface area of expensive photovoltaic junction semiconductor photovoltaic semiconductor wafers in the system. Manufacturing. High solar concentration and high-efficiency multi-junction optoelectronic semiconductor wafers are important factors in reducing the cost of PV array modules that generate electricity. The concentrator has a two-layer Fresnel lens that concentrates secondary sunlight. The second Fresnel lens refracts the incoming light with an increased 30 °. This larger refraction adds four hours of useful time to the system. C P C is also readjusted so that more than eight hours of direct sunlight is captured each day. The photovoltaic device tracking device for tracking the sun can be omitted in the solar power generation system. Therefore, the total cost of the entire solar power system can be -6 ^ 1232594 (3) module tracking device. Therefore, the total cost of the entire solar power system can be reduced by 30%. Therefore, it is commercially possible to install a low-cost, high-efficiency fixed-type photovoltaic photovoltaic power generation system 'on a roof or a fixed frame of a building and connect it to a public-scale power grid. [Embodiment] The daddy test pattern, especially FIGS. 1a and 1b, shows a fixed built-in PV concentrator 10, which includes a first concentrator 11 for focusing sunlight. The second concentrator 12 is disposed below the first concentrator 11. The third condenser 13 is disposed below the second condenser. The fourth condenser 14 is a special-shaped glass lens, and is arranged on the bottom of the third condenser 13. The concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 22 is disposed under the fourth condenser 14. The fourth condenser 14 will focus the light to 1,000 times the original solar isolation. In addition, the concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 22 can provide a 45% conversion efficiency with a four-junction solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer. The fluid flowing through the heat sink 18 is heated by the concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 22. In a preferred embodiment, the concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 22 includes a series of GalnP / GalnAs or GaAs concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafers. Moreover, in the preferred embodiment, the first condenser 11 is a Fresnel lens, the second condenser 12 is a Fresnel lens, and the third condenser 13 is a compound bowl-shaped condenser. The fourth condenser 14 is a condenser glass lens having one of three different possible shapes suitable for different applications. The second Fresnel lens refracts the incoming light with an increased 30 °. & Greater refraction adds four hours of useful time to the system. Therefore, Department -7- (4) 1232594 j can collect solar energy every day without using a tracking device. The system is said to be birefringent enough to efficiently meet its own power needs. The second concentrator is made of glass with a reflective surface coating and several layers of protective material. The reflective surface coating can also be aluminum foil or chrome-coated metal sheet. The first condenser 13 is made of a ceramic material with a glass mirror, and the glass 1¾ has a silver reflective coating covered by several layers of protective material. The ceramic pad is used to mount the third optical energy collector 13 to the concentrator structure by using an adhesive. Protective materials reduce thermal stress at high operating temperatures. In another embodiment shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, the concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 24 includes a photovoltaic thin film multi-junction concentrating unit. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, the solar power concentrator 10 includes a first concentrator, a second concentrator I2, a third concentrator 13, a fourth concentrator 14, and an optical fiber 30. The photovoltaic photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 26 is disposed below the optical fiber 30. In Fig. 3b, the fourth condenser 14 is a glass lens with an anti-reflection coating, which is connected to an optical fiber 30 having a diameter of less than 3 nm, and the optical fiber 30 is at a 5000-fold light collection rate with normal sunlight. An efficient multi-junction concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 26. The function of the device is as follows: The focused sunlight from the first and second condensers 11, 12 passes through the wider opening of the third condenser (ie, the compound bowl condenser (CPC)). Aperture (open up). Therefore, even if the bowl-shaped light collection is not positioned perpendicular to the sunlight, the edges around the circle of light can still allow the maximum amount of sunlight to be concentrated. The focused sunlight is continuously reflected by the CPC mirror (5) 1232594 and again focused on the bottom of the CP C 1 3, like a three-dimensional halo similar to a donut. In order to further tune and focus the halo, three different shapes of solid-state glass lenses (or lenses with optical fibers) are used as the third condensers 22, 24, 26. First, as shown in Figure 1b, the third condenser The glass lens 14 at the bottom of 13 has a bra-shaped cross section. A section view of the focused light is similar to a crab eye and is located on both sides of the base of the section of CPC 1 3. The cross section of the glass lens 14 is used to tune the halo and focus the incoming light to 1,000 times the normal sunlight intensity behind the Fresnel and CPC lenses. This light then hits the multi-junction concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 22. The bra-shaped lens 14 is coated with an anti-reflection coating. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 2b, in which the solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer requires less light collection, a crescent glass lens can be used as the fourth condenser 14. This glass lens has a cross section similar to the crescent moon. The lens has a convex, upward surface that has a greater curvature than a concave, downward surface. The lens is also coated with an anti-reflection coating. Third, as shown in Fig. 3b, a small hemispherical solid glass lens can be used, which has a concave upward surface and a flat downward surface. It will be connected to the short length of the optical fiber 30 (less than three diameters, with a diameter D < 3 mm). At the bottom of the optical fiber 30, the focused light will pass through the optical fiber 30 and impinge on the solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 26 of the condenser multi-junction. The lenses 14 are also coated with an anti-reflection coating. FIG. 4 shows a condenser structure i 0-9-1232594 (6) with a first Fresnel lens 11 and is arranged on the second Fresnel lens 12 and a Fresnel lens 12 is arranged on the Above the compound bowl-shaped concentrator 14. Fresnel lenses 11, 12 concentrate the intensity of sunlight. The focused sunlight is further concentrated 20 to 50 times by the compound bowl condenser 14. This enhanced sunlight is focused on the CPC 13 provided with the heat exchanger 16. The fluid 18 flows through the heat exchanger 16 and is heated by the generated concentrated solar energy and the pressure is increased. The heat exchanger 16 is configured adjacent to the bottom of the CPC 14 and includes a cermet coating of a mixture of ceramic and stainless steel. The cermet coating provides greater heat exchange characteristics with a 96% solar radiation absorption rate. The heat exchanger 16 can also be designed as a honeycomb type porous metal staggered flow path solar heat receiver as shown in FIG. 5. Therefore, although several embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is obvious that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. [Brief description of the drawings] From the above detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other objects and features of the present invention can be understood more. It should be understood, however, that the drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not intended as a limitation on the invention. In the drawings, similar symbols in several figures represent similar components: Figure 1 shows a solar composite collector; Figure 1a shows a photovoltaic voltaic four-point junction with 1,000 times the solar energy intensity. Solar power concentrator system for concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafers; -10- (7) 1232594 Figure 1b shows the A-A cross-sectional view of Figure 1a; Figure 2a shows the solar power focusing of Figure 2b Device, which has a solar energy intensity of 400 times or more, a photovoltaic photovoltaic film multi-junction concentrating type solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer; _ FIG. 2 b is a cross-sectional view showing B-B of FIG. 2 a; FIG. 3a shows another embodiment of a solar power concentrator with an optical fiber and a photovoltaic photovoltaic semiconductor wafer; FIG. 3b shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 3a; Solar power concentrator for solar heat receiver with heat pipe; Figure 5 shows solar power concentrator with honeycomb type porous metal staggered flow solar heat receiver. Main components comparison table 1 〇: Photovoltaic condenser 1 1: First condenser _ 12: Second condenser 13: Third condenser 1 4: Fourth condenser 15: Spring safety door lock 16: heat exchanger 17: enlargement with reference to FIG. 2 8: fluid 19: normal focal point of incidence after the second Fresnel lens -11-(8). 1232594 2 1: antireflection coating 2 2: poly Photovoltaic solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer 24: Concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer '26: Photovoltaic concentrating solar photovoltaic semiconductor wafer-27: Heat sink 2 8: Heat exchange fluid 3 0: Optical fiber •
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