TWI285187B - Flexible graphite sheet having increased isotropy - Google Patents
Flexible graphite sheet having increased isotropy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI285187B TWI285187B TW090127054A TW90127054A TWI285187B TW I285187 B TWI285187 B TW I285187B TW 090127054 A TW090127054 A TW 090127054A TW 90127054 A TW90127054 A TW 90127054A TW I285187 B TWI285187 B TW I285187B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- sheet
- crumb
- flexible
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 trifluoroacetic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 LPNBBFKOUUSUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDZMPRGFOOFSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XDZMPRGFOOFSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFZKVQVQOMDJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(=O)C=C VFZKVQVQOMDJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCISOSJGBCQHHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC(O)=CC2=C1 OCISOSJGBCQHHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIOAVQYSSKOCQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC(O)=C21 NIOAVQYSSKOCQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYMNZLORMNCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1O NYYMNZLORMNCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMAMQSIENGBTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 SMAMQSIENGBTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSXKKRVQMPPAMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 FSXKKRVQMPPAMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMIAOEMPXLLKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-K C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[Ca+2] Chemical compound C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[Ca+2] AMIAOEMPXLLKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUGPMNMLWKSBRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexyl formate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC=O OUGPMNMLWKSBRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSACCXVHEVWNMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acetylanthranilic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O QSACCXVHEVWNMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbazic acid Chemical compound NNC(O)=O OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMPBQVBFUKMSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMPBQVBFUKMSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000462 iron(III) oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003424 phenylacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/064—Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/22—Intercalation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/22—Intercalation
- C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/536—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite based on expanded graphite or complexed graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/82—Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00318—Materials characterised by relatively small dimensions, e.g. small thickness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00853—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in electrochemical cells or batteries, e.g. fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5224—Alumina or aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5228—Silica and alumina, including aluminosilicates, e.g. mullite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5232—Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5236—Zirconia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5248—Carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/526—Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5264—Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0204—Elements
- C09K2200/0208—Carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
1285187 五、 發明說明 ( 1) 發 明 範 疇 本 發 明 係 關 於 —* 種 比 先 前技術 之 撓 性 石墨片展現更佳 之 各 向 同 性 之 可 撓 性 石 墨 片 。更 特 定 而 言,本發明關係 —* 種 增 進 各 向 同 性 之 可 撓 石 m 1 用 於 形成墊片以及電 化 學 燃 料 電 池之 零, 件 ,包括流體流場板、 封口墊和氣體擴 散 層 等 Ο 發 明 背 景 石 墨 爲 碳 原 子 方 陣 列 或 網絡 之 層 狀 平面所構成。此 種 由 碳 原 子 作 _L^ 方 形 排 列 之 層狀 平 面 實 質上爲平坦而有 取 向 或 有 序 以 使 實 質 上 互 相 平行而 且 等 距。此實質上平 坦 平 行 等 距 之 碳 原 子 片 或 層, 通 常 稱 爲平底基面,共 同 被 連 結 或 結 合 其 群 落 被 排列 成 爲 晶 體。高度有序之 石 墨 含 有 相 當 大 小 的 晶 體 各晶 體 互 相 作高度的對正或 取 向 具 有良 好 之 有序 碳 層 〇換 言 之 高度有序之石墨 具 有 局 程 度 有序 之 較 佳 晶 am 體 定位 〇 須 注 意者,石墨因爲 其 內 在 結 構 而 展 現 各 向 異 性 ,因 而 展 現 或擁有若干爲高 度 方 向 性 之 性 質 , 尤 其 是 熱 和電 的 傳 導 性與流體的擴散 性 〇 簡 言 之 石 墨 可 依特性 視爲 碳 的 積 層結構,亦即, 爲 由 碳 原 子 以 弱 的 凡 得 華 爾 (Van d er Waals)力共同連結 而 成 之 疊 成 積 層 〇 依 石 墨 結 通 常 以 二個軸或方向表 示 , 亦 即 , ,,c ”軸或方向和 a"軸或方向 。爲求簡化,"C" 軸或 方 向 可 視 爲 垂 直 於 各 碳 層之 方 向 〇 ’’a”軸或方向可視 爲 平行 於 各 碳 層 之 方 向 , 或 垂直 3- 於 "C ’’方向之方向。適用 1285187 五、發明說明(2) 於製造撓性石墨之天然石墨,具有非常高度之方向性。 如上所示,保持碳原子各層於一起之結合力量只是弱 的凡得華爾力。石墨可經過處理以使疊合之各碳層或層 積物間之間隔可以被適度張開,而在垂直於各層方向中 亦即在”c”方向中,提供明顯之膨脹,因而形成一種膨脹 或腫起之石墨結構,其中各碳層之層疊特性仍被維持。 經過大幅膨脹之天然石墨片,尤其經膨脹而最後厚度 或” c ”方向尺寸至少約爲8 0倍於原有” c ”方向大小者,可 以不用結合劑而形成爲膨脹石墨之黏合或積體撓性石墨 片,亦即薄板、紙、條帶、片狀物等等。經過膨脹而最 後厚度或” c ”方向之大小至少約8 0倍於原有” c ”方向尺寸 之石墨粒。其以壓合而不用任何結合材料使成爲積體撓 性片者,由於在大量膨脹石墨粒之間達成優異之機械性 結合或黏合而相信爲有可能。 除可撓性外,片狀材料,如上所述,亦已發現由於已 膨脹石墨粒之取向實質上平行於由非常高壓,例如輥壓 ,所成片狀物對向之各面,對於熱和電的傳導性和流體 擴散性,具有比天然石墨原料爲優之高度各向異性。因 此而產生之片材具有優異之可撓性,良好的強度和極高的 取向程度。 簡言之所產生諸如薄板、紙、條帶、條片、箔片、蓆 片等等之撓性無結合劑之各向異性石墨片之方法,包括 壓合或在預定負載下緊壓於不用結合劑而已膨脹之石墨 -4- 1285187 五、 發明說明 ( 3) 粒 其 爲 具 有 至 少約 8 〇倍於原來粒子之” c ”方向 尺寸者 y 形成 實 質 上 平坦、 可 撓 、集積 之石墨片。一般 爲如蠕 蟲 狀 或 儒 蟲 外 貌 之膨 脹 石 墨粒, 一旦被壓製,將 維持相 對 於 片 狀物 相 對 主要 表 面 之壓緊 成形和排列。片 狀材料 之 密 度 和 厚 度 可 利用 控 制 壓緊程 序予以改變。片 狀材料 密 度 可在 約 白 0· 08克每立方公分(克/cc)至約2.0 克 /C.C. 之 範 圍 內 〇 撓 性 石墨 片 片 狀材料 由於石墨粒之排 列平行 於 片狀 物 主 要 的 平行 相 對 表面而 展現可觀之各向 異性程 度 , 以 此 種 各 向 異性程 度 增進於 輥壓材料之中而 增大密 度 〇 在 經 過 輥 壓 之各 向 異 性之片 狀材料中,其在 垂直於 片狀 物 相 對 而 平 行各 表 面 之方向 ,包括’’ c"方向, 與沿長 度 與 寬 度 之 方 向 ,亦即 沿 着或平 行於相對的主要 表面, 包括 ,’a "之方向, 其厚度以及熱、 電和流體擴散等性質亟 不 相 同 J 對 於 ,’C ,,和,、 a"之方向,有以數個位數計算之差 異 〇 此 種 非 常 可 觀 的性 質 差 異,被 認爲是各向異性 ,是與 方 向 相 關 的 在 若干 用 途 中可能 有妨礙。例如, 在以撓 性 石 墨 材料作 爲 墊片 之 襯 墊用途 中,以及用於被 迫緊於 兩 個 金 屬 表 面 之 間, 使 氣 體或液 體等流體之擴散 ,更易 發 生 於 平 行 於 撓 性石 墨 片 多數表 面,並且在各表 面之間 〇 如 果平行 於 石 墨片 主 要 表面("a”方向)而流動之 流體阻 力 加 大 甚 至 於 橫過 石 墨 片各主 表面(’’C”方向)以 降低流 體 流 動 阻 力 爲 代 價, 在 大部份事 -5- 例中,其將提供 較大的 1285187 五、 發明說明 (4) 墊 片 功 能。 關於 電性方向,在橫 過撓性石墨片主要表面 (' e"方向)之 方向 中,撓性石墨片 之比電阻高,而且顯然 於 平 行 於撓 性石 墨片且在撓性石 墨片各主表面之間的方 向 (,· a1’方向)內大 爲減小。在各項 用途,如用於燃料電池 作 爲 流 體流 場板 ,密封片和氣體 擴散層等,如果橫過於 撓 性 石 tgzi t-L. m η ("cn方向)之電阻減小 ,甚至在平行於撓性石 墨 片 各 主表 面之 方向("a"方向)內 犧牲比電阻之增大,將 爲 有 利 ο 關 於 熱性 質, 在平行於撓性石 墨片上下各表面之方向 中 撓 性石 墨片 之熱傳導性比較 高,而在橫過上下各表 面 之 ,,c "方尚 1中則比較低。 以 上 各種 狀況 由本發明提供。 發 明 槪 述 —► 種 用於 製造 撓性石墨片之方 法,包括處理石墨碎屑 (Flake) 丨,使 大小 爲不通過80網 目篩者(視爲+80網目) 不 多 於 3 0重量% (除非另有所示 ,在此所用網目大小均 指 美 國 標準 篩), 用間插(Intercalating)溶液而獲得熱可 膨 脹 性 ,經 過間 插之石墨碎屑曝 於昇高之溫度以剝開碎 屑 成 爲 石墨 之膨 脹粒子;使已膨 脹之石墨粒通過壓力輥 以 形 成 由該 摻合 混合物所形成之 壓片,此壓片具有相對 之 主 要 表面 。換 言之,所採用石 墨碎屑之大小爲至少70 重 量 %通過 80網 丨目之篩。在本發 明中最合用之石墨碎屑 > 其 大 小爲 至少 約5 0重量%,通 -6- 過80網目之篩,但不 1285187 五、發明說明(5) 通過140網目篩(表示如80X1 40網目),而且具有不大 於約1.0 %之含水量。 在本發明之一較佳具體例中,橫貫流體通道爲在片狀 物多個預定位置以機械沖擊片狀物表面,使移除石墨以 壓緊片狀物而形成;且至少有一溝槽,由機械沖擊於片 狀物一反面而形成於片狀物之至少一個表面上。 本發明也包括依照本發明方法製成之撓性石墨片,包 括其本身以及作爲滲透膜電極組件之封口墊片或電極零 件,包括一對電極和在電極之間的離子交換膜。 圖式簡說 第1圖爲依照本發明具有橫貫通道之撓性石墨橫向滲 透片之平面圖; 第1(A)圖表示製成第1圖片狀物中通道所用之平端凸 出件; 第2圖爲第1圖片狀物側立面之一部; 第2(A)、(B)、(C)圖表示根據本發明用於橫貫通道之 各種適當平端構形; 第3,3(A)圖表示製造第1圖物件之機轉; 第4圖爲表示大小在80X1 40網目範圍之天然石墨碎 屑在原物放大50倍之電子顯微鏡(SEM)掃描圖; 第5圖爲本發明所用具有橫貫通道之石墨片所形成物 件之放大立面簡圖; 第6圖爲具有根據本發明在其上表面形成連續開頂溝 1285187 五、發明說明(6) 槽所形成物件之頂視圖; 第6(A)圖爲第6圖物件材料之部份側立面圖;和 第7,8與8(A)圖表示根據本發明之一種含有橫向可 滲透物件之流體可滲透電極組件。 發明詳細說明 石墨是碳的結晶形狀,所含原子結合於平坦層化之平 面,且各平面之間爲較弱之鍵結。在用例如硫酸和硝酸 溶液之間插劑處理石墨粒子時,石墨之結晶結構因反應 而成石墨與間插劑之化合物。硏磨、碾碎和其他機械所 處理石墨可以改變石墨之結晶取向和間插劑的效果。本 發明所用石墨碎屑大小爲不多於約3 0重量%之碎屑爲 + 80網目(美國標準篩)。亦即,不多於約30%之碎屑不 通過80網目的篩;換言之,至少約70重量%之碎屑通 過80網目的篩。最有利者,石墨碎屑大小至少約50重 量%爲80 X 1 40網目美國標準篩(亦即,至少約50%之碎 屑通過80網目之篩,但不通過140網目之篩),並且具 有大於約1. 〇 %之水含量。 已處理間插之石墨粒被認爲是「可膨脹石墨」之粒子 。在曝於高溫時,已間插之石墨粒子腫大而膨脹(或剝離) 以至於爲其原體積之80以至更多倍之尺寸;於C方向 中,亦即在垂直於石墨結晶平面之方向中爲似褶伏形狀 。已剝離之石墨粒外形爲蠕蟲狀,因此通常稱爲蠕蟲。 適用於本發明之石墨原料包括能夠可逆間插鹼金屬而 1285187 五、 發明說明 (7) 後 受 熱 膨 脹 者。 此等筒 度石墨性碳化 物質具有 約高 於 0. 80 之 石 黑 化程 度,最 佳約爲1 · 0。在本揭示| 中, 「石 墨 化 程 度 j 一詞 指如下 式之g値: 3.4ί 5-d(002) 5 0.095 其 中 d(002)是 以埃單 位(Angstrom unit)量測 結晶 結構 內 碳 之 各 石 哩鹿 墨暦 之間的 間隔。各石墨 層間的間 隔d 是用 標 準 的 X 光 繞射 技術量 得。對應於(002)、(004)和(006) 等 米勒 (Miller)指數之繞射峰値位置經過量測, 用最小二 乘 法 技 術 推 演出 間隔, 使所有此等峰 値之合計 誤差 減至 最 小 〇 高 度 之石 墨性碳 質材料包括各 種合成石 墨和 各種 來 源 之 天 然 石墨 ,以及 其他碳質材料 ,例如以 化學 蒸鍍 或 烴 化 物 熱 解等 所製成 之碳。天然石 墨爲最好 〇 在 美 國 專 利第 3,404, 061 號中,Sh< ane等人說明用於 製 造 可 膨 脹 石墨 之一般 方法,其揭示 列入參考 。在 此方 法 之典 型 實 施例 中,天 然石墨碎屑之 間插,是 將碎 屑擴 散 於含 有 例 如硝 酸和硫 酸之混合物之 氧化劑溶 液內 。此 種 含 氧 化 劑 和其 他間插 劑爲業者所已 知,例如 包括含有 氧 化 劑 和 氧 化混 合物者 ,其如含硝酸 、氯化鉀 、鉻 酸、 高 猛 酸 鉀 鉻酸 鉀、重 鉻酸鉀、過氯 酸等;或 混合 物之 如 濃 硝 酸 與 氯酸 鹽,鉻 酸與磷酸、硫 酸與硝酸 :或 強有 機 酸 之 混 合物如 三氟乙 酸,和在有機 冬 酸中可溶 解之 強氧 1285187 五、發明說明(8) 化劑等等之溶液。或者是一種可以用於使石墨發生氧化 作用之電位。能夠利用電解氧化作用被引入於石墨結晶 之化學物品包括硫酸以及其他各種酸。 較佳之間插劑爲硫酸,或硫酸與磷酸,和一種氧化劑 ,其爲硝酸、過氯酸、鉻酸、高錳酸鉀、過氧化氫、碘 酸或過碘酸等之混合物溶液。雖屬稍遜者,間插劑溶液 可含金屬鹵化物,其如氯化鐵,和與硫酸混合之氯化鐵 :或爲一種鹵化物,其如使溴在溴與硫酸中或溴在有機 溶劑中所成之溶液。或者,一種可用以使石墨發生氧化 作用之電位,可以利用電解氧化作用引入於石墨結晶之 化學物品,包括硫酸以及其他各種酸。 間插溶液之量可以爲約每100重量份石墨碎屑有自約 20至150重量份(pph)之溶液,較常用者約爲50至120pph 。在本發明之一較佳具體例中,碎屑被間插之後,從碎 屑排去過量之溶液,並用水洗之後乾燥已被間插之石墨 碎屑,在曝於高溫時可以膨脹。在另一具體例中,間插 溶液之量可被限於在約10至50PPh之間,可使免去洗 滌步驟,其教示如美國專利第4,895,7 1 3號所述,其揭 示列此作爲參考。 其有利者,經過間插劑處理之石墨碎屑粒子可以與有 機還原劑接觸,例如摻合或混合,還原劑選自醇類、糖 類、醛類和酯類,其在與125 °C範圍內之溫度與氧化 性間插溶液之表面膜層起作用者。適用之特定有機用劑 •10- 1285187 五、發明說明(9 ) 包括十六碳醇、十八碳醇、1-辛醇、2_辛醇、癸醇、 1,10-癸二醇、癸醛、1-丙醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙二醇、聚 丙二醇、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、蔗糖、馬鈴薯澱粉、單 硬脂酸乙二酯、二苯甲酸二乙二酯、單硬脂酸丙二酯、 單硬脂酸甘油酯、草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯、甲酸甲酯 、甲酸己酯、抗敗血酸與木質素之衍生化合物,其如木 質素硫酸鈉。有機還原劑之用量爲石墨碎屑粒子重量之 自約0.5至4%。 在間插作用之前、之中、或之後,利用一種膨脹助劑 ,可以提供改進功效,尤其對降低剝離溫度,及/或增加 被膨脹體積(亦稱「蠕蟲體積」)或壓力。在本文中較佳 之膨脹助劑較佳爲一種充分溶解於間插劑而能改善膨脹 特性之有機物質。更具體而言,此型有機物質可用含有 碳、氫和氧者,較佳爲僅用此物。曾經發現羧酸特別有 效。適於作爲膨脹助劑之羧酸可以選自芳香族、脂肪族 或環脂族、直鏈或支鏈。飽和或不飽和之單羧酸、二羧 酸和多羧酸,其爲至少具有一個碳原子,且較佳爲至約 1 〇個碳原子,可溶於依本發明採用之水性間插溶液,在 有效用量中提供一或多方面剝離而可量測之改良效果者 。適當之與水相容之有機溶劑可以用於改善間插溶液內有 機膨脹助劑之溶解度。 飽和脂肪羧酸之代表性實例爲如式H(CH2)nCOOH之 酸類,其中η爲自〇至5之數,包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸 -11- 1285187 五、發明說明(1〇) 、丁酸、戊酸、己酸等。代替羧酸者,可用醛類或反應 性羧酸衍生物,其如烷酯。代表性之烷酯爲甲酸甲酯和 甲酸乙酯。硫酸、硝酸和其他己知之水性間插劑具有分 解甲酸之能力,使最後成爲水和二氧化碳。因此,甲酸 和其他敏感性膨脹助劑有利於在將石墨碎屑浸入間插劑 之前與石墨碎屑接觸。 代表性之二羧酸爲具有2-12個碳原子之脂肪族二羧 酸,尤其是草酸、富馬酸、丙二酸。馬來酸、琥珀酸、 戊二酸、己二酸、1,5-戊二羧酸、1,6-己二羧酸、1,10_ 癸二羧酸、環己烷·1,4-二羧酸,和芳香族二羧酸如苯二 酸、或對苯二酸。代表性之烷酯爲草酸二甲酯和草酸二 乙酯。代表性之環脂酸爲環己烷二羧酸,而芳香族羧酸 爲苯甲酸、萘甲酸、蒽甲酸、對胺基苯甲酸、水楊酸、 鄰、間、對-甲苯酸,甲氧基和乙氧基苯甲酸,乙醯基乙 醛胺基苯甲酸,和乙醯胺基苯甲酸,苯基乙酸和萘甲酸 。代表性之羧基芳香族酸爲羥基苯甲酸、3-羥基-1-萘甲 酸、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸、4-羥基-2-萘甲酸、5-羥基-1-萘甲 酸、5-羥基-2-萘甲酸、6-羥基-2-萘甲酸和7-羥基-2-萘 甲酸。在多羧酸中特佳者爲檸檬酸。 間插溶液中最好含有一份量之膨脹助劑,自約1至 1 0%,此用量可有效提高剝離作用。在將碎屑浸入間插 劑之前或之後,膨脹助劑與石墨碎屑接觸之實施例中, 膨脹助劑可以用適當器其與石墨混合,其如V型摻混器 -12- 1285187 五、發明說明(11) ,通常用量爲石墨碎屑重量之約自〇. 2%至約10%。 在用較佳之含膨脹助劑之間插溶液間插石墨碎屑之後 ,繼將已用間插劑塗覆而已被間插之石墨碎屑與有機還 原劑摻合,摻合物通常曝於約5°至12 5°C範圍之溫度以 促進還原劑與碎屑塗層之反應。加熱期間達於約20小 時,較短之加熱時間,例如至少1 0分鐘,則在上列範 圍內用較高之溫度。半小時或更短的時間,例如1 〇至 25分之間,可以用於較高之溫度。 經過如此處理之石墨粒子,以下稱爲「已間插之石墨 粒子」。在曝於高溫時,至少達於700°C,較佳爲700°C 至1000°C或更高,經過數秒鐘,已間插之石墨即膨脹至 達其原體積之約80至1 000倍或更大,成爲似蠕蟲狀於 c-方向,亦即垂直於石墨結晶面之方向。在一較佳具體 例中,已間插之石墨碎屑以曝於明火而至達此高溫。 撓性石墨片和箔膜爲貼合性,良好的處理強度,並且 適於被壓製,其如用輥壓法,較佳使成約在0.075至約 3.75毫米(mm)之厚度,且密度以在約0.1與約1.5克/ cc 之間爲宜。以約1 .5-30重量%之陶瓷添加物,可以與已 間插之石墨碎屑摻合,如US 5,902,762所述(列此作爲參 考),以使在最終撓性石墨製品中提供樹脂的浸透作用。 添加物包含長度爲0.15至1.5毫米之陶瓷纖維粒子。粒 子之寬度以自0.04至0.004毫米爲適合。陶瓷纖維粒子 對石墨不具反應性且無黏著性,在高達約1 1 0 〇 °C,較佳 -13- 1285187 五、發明說明(12) 達約1375 °C之溫度仍爲穩定。適用之陶瓷纖維粒由浸漬 之石英玻璃纖維、碳和石墨纖維、鉻石、氮化硼、碳化 矽和氧化鎂等之纖維,天然存在之礦物纖維,其如偏矽 酸鈣纖維、矽酸鈣鋁纖維、氧化鋁纖維等所形成。 如若需要,依撓性石墨片最終用途之性質,加入磷至 已間插而未剝離之石墨碎屑,以批式在碎屑中混入磷化 物如磷酸單銨鹽之固體或溶液。磷添加物可爲磷酸(次-偏-正-焦)酸鹽,如銨、鋁、鹼金屬、和鹼土金屬鹽,且 可以固體或溶液加入至在乾燥前之已間插石墨。所加磷 之量,以磷計,爲未剝離而已被間插石墨碎屑之自0.2 至〇·6重量%(2 0 00至600 0ppm)。使用磷添加至未剝離 而已被間插之石墨,撓性石墨片在用於汽車墊片等之時 ,將增加對氧化和腐蝕的阻抗。 一俟已膨脹石墨粒被壓成具有第一和第二相對的主要 表面,最好形成橫貫流體通道,通過第一和第二表面間 之片體,最有利者,至少有一表面具有上空之溝槽以連 接多條橫向的流體通道。通過相對的第一和第二表面的 橫貫流體通道可用機械沖擊片體之表面,在多處預定之 位置,移除片內之石墨而形成,在第一和第二相對表面 上提供具有開孔之通道。在一特別的具體例中,在平行 相對各表面之一上各橫貫通道開口,小於在另一相對表 面上之各個開口。於是,加壓流體在與具有較小通道開 孔之相對表面時,進入各個通道,其初速度大於流體離 開各個通道時之速度。片體較好另以機械在相對各表面 -14- 1285187 五、發明說明(13) 之一使其變形,例如,以雕刻法,在物件表面中設置上 空之溝槽,連接多條橫貫的流體通道。 較佳具體例之詳細說明。 參考第1圖,已膨脹石墨粒之壓縮體,形成爲撓性石 墨片,如10所示。依上所述,用於產生膨脹石墨粒之 石墨碎屑大小爲有不多於30重量%之碎屑爲+ 80網目( 美國標準篩)。最佳者,石墨碎屑大小至少約有50重量 %爲80 X 140網目,美國標準篩,且水含量不大於約 1 · 〇%。撓性石墨片1 〇備有通道20,其如以第5圖所示 67之平滑側面爲宜,且通過撓性石墨片1 0相對各表面 30、40之間,由壓成之可膨脹石墨之壁3所分隔。通道 20較好具有開口 50於相對表面之一 30,其爲大於在另 一相對表面40之開口 60。通道20可有不同造形如第 2(A)、2(B)、2(C)圖中所示20’-20”,用不同形狀之平端 凸件如在第1(A)和2(A)、2(B)、2(C)圖中所示75、175 、275、3 75所形成,凸件適於用金屬如鋼者所形成,並 與第3圖所示沖擊裝置之壓輥70之延伸物結合。凸件 之平滑平端如77、177、277、377所示,和輥輪70之 平滑承受表面73,與輥輪72之平滑承受表面78(或爲金 屬平板79),確使撓性石墨片內之石墨變形和完全移除, 亦即在形成通道之沖擊中不致造成粗糙或起毛之邊緣或殘 渣。較佳之凸件在從壓輥7 〇對外方向中減小截面,以 提供原先被沖擊之片件面上有較大之通道開口。圍繞通 道開口 60,平滑而無礙之表面63之展開,使流體可自 由流入並經過在平滑側(於6 7)之通道20。 -15- 1285187 五、發明說明(14) 在一較佳具體例中,於相對各表面之一上的開口大於 他一相對表面中之通道開口,例如面積比較大1至200 倍’並且是由於使用如76、276、3 76所示具有縮減側 面之凸件所造成。通道20形成於撓性石墨片1 0而在多 個預定之位置,用如第3圖所示之機構,包含一對鋼輥 7〇、72,各輥中有一具有截頭,亦即平端,之菱形凸頭 75,沖擊撓性石墨片10之表面30,移除石墨而穿透片 件1〇以形成開口通道20。在實例中,兩個輥輪70、72 可以備有「不對正」之凸頭,和一在79所指之金屬平板 ,可以用以取代平滑表面之輥輪72。 已膨脹之石墨粒80之取向造成撓性石墨片內之各向 異性性質,亦即片體之導電性和熱傳導性實質上在橫過 相對各表面130、140之方向("c”方向)者低於與其相對 之各表面130、140平行之方向(” a,'方向)者。沖擊撓性 石墨片10使形成通道20之過程,如第3圖所示,在撓 性石墨片10內石墨被平端(在77處)之凸件75移除而推 動旁邊之石墨,當其移至抵向輥輪70之光面73時分裂 而改變膨脹石墨粒80之平行取向,如第5圖中800所 示。此區域800,鄰接於通道20,表示平行取向之破解 而成爲歪斜且非平行取向,可由100 X或更高倍放大作 光學觀察得知。實際上被移動之石墨是被鄰近於凸件75 之側面76和輥輪70之光面73「壓模」所致,如第5圖 所示。以此降低撓性石墨片1 〇之各向異性,並且因而 -16- 1285187 五、發明說明(15) 增大片體10在橫過相對各表面30、40之方向中增大電 和熱的傳導性。相似效果可用截錐和平行側邊稜形之平 端凸件275和175達成。 本發明之實施,參考第6和6(A)圖,一可透氣之撓性 石墨片10,如第1圖所示,在其表面30之一,設有一 連續而開口之溝槽300和流體出口 305而構成之氣體擴 散電極610。本發明之溝槽3 00是以壓緊一硬金屬模頭 於所發明之撓性石墨片上而形成,其爲具有通過自表面 30至表面40之橫貫通道20。模頭形成一連續之上空溝 槽3 00於與模頭接觸之表面。對於厚爲0.15毫米至0.32 毫米之撓性石墨片,空溝漕3 00可爲例如0.076毫米深 和0.5毫米至0.6毫米寬,由0.25毫米至1.6毫米厚之台 階4 0 0所分隔。 第1圖之穿孔透氣撓性石墨片10可被用作一種如第7 、8和8(A)圖所示意在電化學燃料電池中之電極500。 第7、8和8(A)圖以示意表示一種電化學燃料電池之 基本元件,其更詳細內容揭示於美國專利4,98 8,5 83和 5,300,370 以及?0:丁\¥095/16287(1995年6月15日), 均各列入參考。 參考第7、8圖和8(A)圖,燃料電池槪括指示於500 ,含有塑膠狀之電解質,例如一種固體聚合物離子交換 膜5 50,根據本發明之穿孔撓性石墨片電極1 〇,和流場 板1 0 0 0、1 100,分別毗鄰於電極10。加壓之燃料經過 -17- Ϊ285187 五、發明說明(16) 燃料流場板1 1 0 0之溝槽1 4 0 0而循環,加壓之氧化劑經 由溝槽1200而循環。在運轉中,燃料流場板i 100變成 〜陽極,而氧化劑流場板1000變成陰極,因而促成一 種電動勢,亦即電壓發展於燃料流場板丨000和氧化劑 流場板1 1 0 0之間。上述之電化學燃料電池與在燃料電 池疊中之其他電池結合,提供所企求之電功率水準,如 前記美國專利5,300,370所述。 燃料電池500之運轉需要電極1 〇,其爲多孔,使例如 氫和氧之燃料和氧化劑等流體成分易於從溝槽1 400、 1200通過,經過電池1〇而接觸在薄膜55〇表面上之觸 媒6 00,如第8(A)圖所示,並令自氫所衍生之質子潛移 經過離子後交換膜550。在本發明之電極1〇內,通道 20位於與流場板毗鄰而複於溝槽1400、1200,使加壓 氣體從各溝槽通過通道20較小的開口 60,由通道20較 大的開口離去。在較小開口 60,氣體之初速高於在較大 開口 50之氣流,造成其在與薄膜550表面上之觸媒600 接觸時被減緩,並使氣體與觸媒接觸之停留時間加長, 氣體在薄膜55 0之曝露面積達於最大。此項特點,倂同 本發明撓性石墨電極所增大之導電性,使燃料電池之運 轉更有效率。或者,在某種環境中可依所需使加壓氣體 流經通道20之較大開口 50,並經由通道20之較小開口 60離去。 在本發明中,對於毗鄰於各通道具有.003吋至.01 5吋 -18- 1285187 五、發明說明(17) 厚度且密度爲0.5至1.5克/c.c.之撓性石墨片,其較佳 之通道密度(或數目)爲每平方吋有自1 000至3000個通 道,而且較佳之通道尺寸爲在通道中較大通道開口之面 積與較小者之面積比爲自50:1至150:1。 如所記述,根據本發明所製之撓性石墨片與用不同尺 寸(亦即較大)之石墨碎屑所製者比較,展現增大或昇高 之各向同性。此種增進之各向同性適合用於提昇由撓性 石墨片所製成墊片之密封性質,其爲假設在電解質的應 用中,如作爲燃料電池零件,橫過片體平面之電阻比率 減小,至假設橫過撓性石墨片平面之熱傳導性較佳。 以上之說明在使熟習此技術者能實施本發明。非着 眼於詳細說明所有可能的更動和修改,其對熟習此技術 之人士,在閱讀此說明書時,將成爲顯而易見。然而, 其須指出者,所有此等更動和修改將包含於如下之申請 專利範圍所界定發明範圍之內。申請專利範圍目的在於 涵蓋任何有效符合發明目的之安排或結果中所指示之元 件與步驟,除非說明書中特別指明相違背者。 -19-
Claims (1)
1285187;., __公告本_ 六、申請專利範圍 第901 270 54號「具有增加各向同性之可撓性石墨片」專 ^fj m 96. 3. 19 ( 2007年3月修正) 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種製造撓性石墨片之方法,此方法包含: (i)提供30重量%之大小爲不多於+80網目之石墨 碎屑; (ii )利用間插溶液處理石墨碎屑以獲得可加熱膨脹 而被間插之石墨碎屑; (m)將已被間插之石墨碎屑曝於大於700°C之昇高 溫度中,以剝離被間插之石墨碎屑成爲膨脹之石墨粒 :和 (iv)將已膨脹之石墨粒通過壓力輥而形成具有相異 主要表面之壓成片體。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中之石墨碎屑大小 至少有50重量%爲80 X 1 40網目。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中石墨碎屑具有不 大於1 . 0%之水含量。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,另包含在所壓成之體 中於多個預定位置以機械沖擊於片體表面而移除片內 之石墨,形成橫貫的流體通道。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其進一步包含至少在 片體各表面之一面上,以機械沖擊片體反面而形成至 1285187 六、申請專利範圍 少一條溝槽。 6. —種由如申請專利範圍第1項之方法所製得之撓性石 墨片,其係包括壓成塊狀之膨脹石墨粒,其中膨脹石 墨粒是由不多於30重量%之在膨脹前的大小爲+80網 目之石墨碎屑所形成。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項之撓性石墨片,其中石墨碎屑 大小在膨脹前有50重量%至少爲80 X 140網目。 8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之撓性石墨片,其中石墨碎屑 在膨脹前係具有不大於1.0%之含水量。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之撓性石墨片,另在多個預定 位置含有多條形成於被壓成片體中之橫貫流體通道。 10·如申請專利範圍第8項之撓性石墨片,另在片體各表 面中,至少有一面被機械沖擊於片體反面所形成之至 少一條溝槽。 11. 一種薄膜電極組件,含有一對電極,且在電極之間有 一離子交換膜,至少有一電極是由如申請專利第1 項之方法所製得之膨脹石墨粒壓成物之片體所形成, 而不多於30重量%之膨脹石墨粒以在膨脹前之大小爲 + 80網目。 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之組件,其中石墨碎屑之大 小,在膨脹前至少有50重量%爲80X140網目。 13. 如申請專利範圍第1 2項之組件,其中之石墨碎屑在 膨脹前具有不大於1. 〇%之水含量。 1285187 六、申請專利範圍 14. 如申請專利範圍第1 1項之組件,其另外含有在壓成 之片體中於多個預定位置所形成之多條橫貫之流體通 道。 15. 如申請專利範圍第1 1項之組件’其另外在片體各表 面中,至少有一被以機械沖擊於片體反面所形成之至 少一條溝槽。 16. —種密封墊片,是由如申請專利範圍第1項之方法所 製得的膨脹之石墨粒之撓性輥壓片所形成’其中不多 於30重量%之膨脹石墨粒在膨脹前之大小爲+80網目 〇 17. 如申請專利範圍第1 6項之墊片’其中石墨碎屑在膨 脹前之大小至少有50重量%爲80 X 140網目。 18. 如申請專利範圍第1 7項之墊片,其中石墨碎屑在膨 脹前具有不大於1 . 〇%之水含量。 19. 如申請專利範圍第1 6項之墊片,另在所壓成片體中 於多個預定位置形成多條橫貫之流體通道。 20. 如申請專利範圍第16項之墊片,另在片體各表面至 少有一面被以機械沖擊於一反面所形成之至少一條溝 槽。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70528900A | 2000-11-02 | 2000-11-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI285187B true TWI285187B (en) | 2007-08-11 |
Family
ID=24832810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW090127054A TWI285187B (en) | 2000-11-02 | 2001-10-31 | Flexible graphite sheet having increased isotropy |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6673284B2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI285187B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2002066245A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109574001A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种低温无硫、无重金属可膨胀石墨的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH710862B1 (de) | 1999-11-26 | 2016-09-15 | Imerys Graphite & Carbon Switzerland Sa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Graphitpulvern mit erhöhter Schüttdichte. |
| DE10328342B4 (de) * | 2003-06-24 | 2006-05-04 | Graphit Kropfmühl AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von expandiertem Graphit, expandierter Graphit und Verwendung |
| RU2257342C1 (ru) * | 2004-07-27 | 2005-07-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "УНИХИМТЕК" | Способ изготовления гибкого материала из терморасширенного графита |
| US10920379B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2021-02-16 | Greenheat Ip Holdings Llc | Grounded modular heated cover |
| US20090107975A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-04-30 | Thomas Caterina | Heating unit for warming pallets |
| US20090107986A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-04-30 | David Naylor | Three layer glued laminate heating unit |
| US20090114634A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-05-07 | David Naylor | Heating unit for warming fluid conduits |
| US7880121B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-02-01 | David Naylor | Modular radiant heating apparatus |
| US8633425B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2014-01-21 | 417 And 7/8, Llc | Systems, methods, and devices for storing, heating, and dispensing fluid |
| US20090114633A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-05-07 | David Naylor | Portable Pouch Heating Unit |
| US20090101632A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-04-23 | David Naylor | Heating unit for direct current applications |
| US20090302023A1 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-12-10 | Thomas Caterina | Heating unit for warming pallets of materials |
| US9945080B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2018-04-17 | Greenheat Ip Holdings, Llc | Grounded modular heated cover |
| US9392646B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2016-07-12 | 417 And 7/8, Llc | Pallet warmer heating unit |
| US20090107972A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-04-30 | David Naylor | Heating unit for warming propane tanks |
| US20070262073A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-11-15 | David Naylor | Modular heated cover |
| US8258443B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2012-09-04 | 417 And 7/8, Llc | Heating unit for warming pallets |
| DE102006021158A1 (de) * | 2006-05-06 | 2007-11-08 | Biotronik Crm Patent Ag | Elektrode für eine Lithiumbatterie und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| TW201035513A (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-01 | Wah Hong Ind Corp | Method for manufacturing heat dissipation interface device and product thereof |
| US8955580B2 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2015-02-17 | Wah Hong Industrial Corp. | Use of a graphite heat-dissipation device including a plating metal layer |
| US20120080639A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Potato shaped graphite filler, thermal interface materials and emi shielding |
| JP5887494B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2016-03-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | グラファイトシートの製造方法 |
| KR20150063358A (ko) * | 2012-10-03 | 2015-06-09 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 팽창화 흑연의 제조 방법 및 박편화 흑연의 제조 방법 |
| US20150166346A1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-18 | Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology, Armaments Bureau, M.N.D | Method of fabricating graphite films |
| US9700968B2 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2017-07-11 | Terrella Energy Systems Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for processing exfoliated graphite materials |
| US9706684B2 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2017-07-11 | Terrella Energy Systems Ltd. | Exfoliated graphite materials and composite materials and devices for thermal management |
| DE102014004770A1 (de) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-01 | Adam Opel Ag | Batteriepaket |
| US11840013B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2023-12-12 | Matthews International Corporation | Graphite materials and devices with surface micro-texturing |
| RU2702431C1 (ru) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-10-08 | Акционерное общество "УНИХИМТЕК" (АО "УНИХИМТЕК") | Углеродная теплораспределяющая плита для изготовления потолочных и настенных систем нагрева и кондиционирования |
| KR20230009680A (ko) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-17 | 네오그라프 솔루션즈, 엘엘씨 | 플렉서블 흑연 구조체 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB991581A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1965-05-12 | High Temperature Materials Inc | Expanded pyrolytic graphite and process for producing the same |
| US4895713A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1990-01-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Intercalation of graphite |
| US5149518A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-09-22 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Ultra-thin pure flexible graphite calendered sheet and method of manufacture |
| US4988583A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1991-01-29 | Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Novel fuel cell fluid flow field plate |
| US5176863A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1993-01-05 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Flexible graphite composite fire retardant wallpaper and method |
| US5300370A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-04-05 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Laminated fluid flow field assembly for electrochemical fuel cells |
| US5985452A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-11-16 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Flexible graphite composite sheet and method |
| US6017633A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2000-01-25 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Flexible graphite composite sheet and method |
| US5902762A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1999-05-11 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Flexible graphite composite |
| US5846459A (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-12-08 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Method of forming a flexible graphite sheet with decreased anisotropy |
| US6087034A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-07-11 | Ucar Graph-Tech Inc. | Flexible graphite composite |
| JP3824795B2 (ja) | 1998-12-02 | 2006-09-20 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用セパレータ部材の製造方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-10-26 WO PCT/US2001/050364 patent/WO2002066245A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-31 TW TW090127054A patent/TWI285187B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-03-29 US US10/113,384 patent/US6673284B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109574001A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种低温无硫、无重金属可膨胀石墨的制备方法 |
| CN109574001B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-11-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种低温无硫、无重金属可膨胀石墨的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020197476A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
| WO2002066245A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
| US6673284B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI285187B (en) | Flexible graphite sheet having increased isotropy | |
| US7206189B2 (en) | Composite electrode and current collectors and processes for making the same | |
| CA2557497C (en) | Treatment of flexible graphite material and method thereof | |
| WO2004059670A1 (en) | Composite electrode and current collectors and processes for making the same | |
| EP1346423B1 (en) | Flooding-reducing fuel cell electrode | |
| JP4851091B2 (ja) | Pem燃料電池用ガス拡散層に用いるグラファイト製品、そのグラファイト製品の形成方法、及び、pem燃料電池用ガス拡散層に用いる基材 | |
| US6902841B2 (en) | Hydrophobic fuel cell electrode | |
| KR20050088192A (ko) | 가요성 그라파이트 물질 상의 탄소질 코팅 | |
| US7378178B2 (en) | Catalyst support material for fuel cell | |
| CN1666364A (zh) | 穿孔的圆筒燃料电池的制造方法 | |
| US20050164004A1 (en) | Variably impregnated flexible graphite material and method | |
| EP1558789A2 (en) | Molding of fluid permeable flexible graphite components for fuel cells | |
| US7241409B2 (en) | Gas permeable flexible graphite sheet material and process therefor | |
| US20020182476A1 (en) | Method for preparing fuel cell component substrate of flexible graphite material having improved thermal and electrical properties | |
| EP1405362A1 (en) | Method for preparing fuel cell component substrate of flexible graphite material having improved catalytic properties |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |