修正 442999 五、發明說明¢1) 1 發明背景 (1 )範疇 ft 相位補償方法按空間餽送相列天線結構之變形量，動態修 正各子天線相移量，在結構變形下系統仍能有效合成所需 的波束。 ( 2 )現有技術 ·空間餽送相列天線係用餽送器（feeder)將微波信號送到 g「天線面的各個子天線；根據波束的指向決定各子天線的相 位（Phase)，並按已知的結構誤差作補償。發射時經輻射 §:>元（radiator)送出。眾多的子天線輸出在空間合成，而產 生特定指向之輻射場型。接收時則以相反的路徑取得接收 信號。 •目前結構誤差之補償係以加工精度與结構強度來作控 制，亦用以實驗室之精密量測預先獲得誤差作補償。就天 線實際運作時，為一種開路（Open Loop)相位補償。 •以5比次（b i t s )相移器而言，由餽送器到各子天線的距 離要控制到約百分之一波長之精度。以S波段的系統而 言，此機械精度達0.5-1公釐（mm);若相移器之比次數或 天線工作頻率增加，這項精度的要求更高。結構的誤差需 要精密加工控制，並經天線系統近場或遠場的量測作修正 與補償，其困難度極高。 •經運動後或在強風中工作，天線機械結構的精度更難以 掌握，嚴重影響系統之性能或限制運用之環境。 (3 )面臨的挑戰Correction 442999 V. Description of the invention ¢ 1) 1 Background of the invention (1) Category ft phase compensation method feeds the amount of phase array antenna deformation according to space, dynamically corrects the phase shift of each sub-antenna, and the system can still effectively synthesize under structural deformation The required beam. (2) In the prior art, the space-feeding phased-antenna system uses a feeder to send microwave signals to each sub-antenna on the antenna surface, and determines the phase of each sub-antenna according to the beam direction, and presses Compensation of known structural errors. Transmitted by radiation §: > radiator when transmitting. Numerous sub-antenna outputs are combined in space to produce a radiated field pattern with a specific direction. When receiving, the received signal is obtained in the opposite path • At present, the compensation of structural errors is controlled by processing accuracy and structural strength, and it is also compensated in advance by precision measurement in the laboratory. As for the actual operation of the antenna, it is an open loop phase compensation. In the case of a 5th-order phase shifter, the distance from the feeder to each sub-antenna should be controlled to an accuracy of about one hundredth of a wavelength. For an S-band system, the mechanical accuracy is 0.5-1 Mm (mm); if the number of phase shifters or the operating frequency of the antenna increases, this accuracy requirement is higher. The structural error needs to be precisely controlled and corrected by the near-field or far-field measurement of the antenna system. Make up The difficulty of compensation is extremely high. • After working or working in strong wind, the accuracy of the mechanical structure of the antenna is more difficult to grasp, which seriously affects the performance of the system or restricts the use of the environment. (3) Challenges faced
r Λ42999 五、發明說明（2) •空間餽送相列雷達天線之結構精度控制。 •空間餽送相列雷達天線之動態環境適應性。 (4) 機會 .距離量測技術的進步；以超音波測距為例，超音波之波 長僅數公釐（m m )，以相位作量測，精度極易做到0 . 0 1 m m到 0.1mm的精度。同時其價格與重量均低。 .計算能力的增加，足以遂行作即時量測、推估結構之變 形與獲得各子天線之相位補償。 (5) 效益 本案以成熟的技術作系統整合，達成量測天線餽送器到天 線面的距離，獲得天線整體結構的變形資訊，據以補償各 子天線相移的偏差。如此可放寬天線整體結構之加工精準 度需求，增加在如強風中運用的容忍度。 2 發明概述 (1 )所欲解決的問題 •減少空間餽送相列天線結構之加工精度需求。 •增加系統在動態環境之適應性。 (2 )發明之特性 •達成量測天線餽送器到天線面的距離，獲得天線整體結 構的變形資訊，據以補償各子天線相移器的偏差。 •獲得放寬天線整體結構之精準度需求，與在強風作動態 修正增加系統的運用彈性的效益。 .同時也具備高度的技術可實現性，詳見「五.發明說明 /(4)機會」一節。r Λ42999 V. Description of the invention (2) • Structural accuracy control of space-fed phased radar antenna. • Dynamic environmental adaptability of space-fed phased radar antennas. (4) Opportunity. The progress of distance measurement technology. Taking ultrasonic ranging as an example, the wavelength of ultrasonic waves is only a few millimeters (mm). With phase measurement, the accuracy can be easily achieved from 0.1 to 0.1 mm to 0.1. mm accuracy. At the same time its price and weight are low. The increase in computing power is sufficient to perform real-time measurements, estimate structural deformations, and obtain phase compensation for each sub-antenna. (5) Benefits In this case, mature technology was used for system integration to measure the distance from the antenna feeder to the antenna surface and obtain the deformation information of the overall antenna structure, thereby compensating for the phase shift deviation of each antenna. This can relax the processing accuracy requirements of the overall antenna structure and increase the tolerance for use in strong winds. 2 Summary of the Invention (1) Problems to be solved • Reduce the processing accuracy requirements of the space-fed phased antenna structure. • Increase the adaptability of the system in dynamic environments. (2) Features of the invention • The distance between the antenna feeder and the antenna surface can be measured, and the deformation information of the overall antenna structure can be obtained to compensate the deviations of the phase shifters of the antennas. • Acquire the requirement to relax the accuracy of the overall structure of the antenna, and to increase the flexibility of the system's use by making dynamic corrections in strong winds. At the same time, it also has a high degree of technical feasibility. For details, please refer to the section "5. Invention Description / (4) Opportunities".
第6頁 五、發明說明（3) 圖式簡要說明 圖一典型空間餽送相列天線構成之雷達系統方塊圖 圖二空間餽送相列天線與閉迴路相位補償方法方塊圖 元素符號說明： 圖.一典型空間餽送相列天線構成之雷達系統方塊圖 31 天 線 餽 送 器 32 天 線 面 33 子 天 線 34 波 束 成 型 器 35 雷 達 發 射 機 36 雷 達 接 收 機 37 雷 達 控 制 41 標 42 波 束 指 向 43 相 移 量 圖二空間餽送相列天線與閉迴路相位補償方法方塊圖 1 :天線餽送器 2 :天線面 3 :子天線 4 :波東成型器 5 :雷達發射機 6 :雷達接收機 7 :雷達控制 ‘Page 6 V. Description of the invention (3) Schematic description of the block diagram of a radar system consisting of a typical space-fed phased antenna Figure 2 Block diagram of a space-fed phased antenna and closed-loop phase compensation method Symbol description: A block diagram of a radar system consisting of a typical space-fed phased antenna 31 antenna feeder 32 antenna surface 33 sub-antenna 34 beamformer 35 radar transmitter 36 radar receiver 37 radar control 41 target 42 beam pointing 43 phase shift amount Figure 2 Block diagram of space-fed phased-phase antenna and closed-loop phase compensation method1: Antenna feeder 2: Antenna surface 3: Sub-antenna 4: Waveformer 5: Radar transmitter 6: Radar receiver 7: Radar control '
Γ 442999 五、發明說明（4) 8 :定位發射機 9 :定位接收機 1 0 :變形量測器 1 2 :波束指向 13 :相移量 14 :結構變形資訊 3 詳細說明 •見圖一、二。下說明中（）内之編號表圖 編號。 圖一為典型空間餽送相列天線構成之雷 天線系統由餽送器（3 1 )與天線面（3 2 )組成 結構結合適當的相對關係。餽送器（3 1 )擔 多（一般達數千個）的子天線（33)。各子天 相的收發模組，包含接收' 相移器、輻射 放大器與控制器。各子天線之控制器擔任 相移器之相位量（43)。 •雷達發射機（35)經餽送器（31)將微波能 (32)各子天線（33)，由各子天線（33)之相 的輻射場型。雷達波遇到目標（41)反射產 面（32)、餽送器（31)至接收機（36)處理， 目標資訊交雷達控制（3 7 )維持追蹤。按現 定次一追蹤的波束指向（42)，由波束成型 天線（33)所需之相位量（43)。 •圖二為空間餽送相列天線與閉迴路相位 示中對應方塊之 達系統方塊圖。 ，二者之間相關 任天線面中含眾 線為一典型可移 元、收發轉換、 對外介面，控制 量送到天線面 位控制合成所需 生回跡，經天線 獲得一次量測的 有之追蹤資訊決 器（34)產生各子 補償方法之系統Γ 442999 V. Description of the invention (4) 8: Positioning transmitter 9: Positioning receiver 1 0: Deformation measuring device 12: Beam pointing 13: Phase shift amount 14: Structural deformation information 3 Detailed descriptions • See Figures 1 and 2 . The numbers in the parentheses in the following description are numbered. Figure 1 shows a typical space-fed phase-in-phase antenna. The antenna system consists of a feeder (3 1) and an antenna surface (3 2). The feeder (3 1) has multiple (typically thousands) sub-antennas (33). The transmitting and receiving modules of each sub-phase include a receiving phase shifter, a radiation amplifier, and a controller. The controller of each sub-antenna serves as the phase quantity of the phase shifter (43). • Radar transmitter (35) radiates the field of microwave energy (32) to each sub-antenna (33) via the feeder (31). The radar wave encounters the target (41) reflection surface (32), the feeder (31) to the receiver (36) for processing, and the target information is transmitted to the radar control (37) to maintain tracking. According to the beam tracking (42) of the current next-time tracking, the phase amount (43) required by the beamforming antenna (33). • Figure 2 is a block diagram of the system of the corresponding block shown in the space-fed phased antenna and the closed-loop phase display. The two antennas in the antenna surface are typical movable elements, transmit and receive converters, and external interfaces. The control volume is sent to the antenna surface to control the synthesis of the traces. Some of the measurements obtained through the antenna are System for tracking information determining device (34) generating compensation methods
442999 五、發明說明（5) 方塊圖。有關餽送器（1)與天線面（2)、子天線（3)、雷達 信號發射（5 )、信號接收（6 )與雷達控制（7 )之運作與圖一 相同。 .整個天線由一波束成型器（4)依據波束的指向需求，產 生各個子天線（3 )分別之相移量（1 3 )，其中亦包括因結構 誤差、變形對應之相位補償。 於餽送器（1 )處或附近放置距離量測之一個或多個定位 發射源（8 )，另在天線面結構變形之各個控制點，各放置 距離量測之一個或多個之定位接收器（9 )。多對多的發射 源（8 )與接收器（9 )形成多種配對，使量測更具效率。上述 發射源（8 )與接收器（9 )之位置，可視需要予以互相掉換。 •定位發射源（8 )發射信號之時間波形由距離量測控之變 形量測器Π 0 )控制，接收器（9 )收得之信號亦交量測控制 (1 0 )處理。經變形量測器（1 0 )比較收發的時間差與相位 差，經分析獲得天線整體結構變形之資訊（1 4 )。 •經送回波束成型（4 )按餽送器（1 )到各子天線（3 )作因結 構誤差、變形之距離變異，按雷達波長轉換為相位差，以 調整各子天線（3)所需補償之相位量（13)，達成閉迴路控 制的目的。442999 V. Description of the invention (5) Block diagram. The operation of the feeder (1) and the antenna surface (2), the sub-antenna (3), the radar signal transmission (5), the signal reception (6) and the radar control (7) are the same as those in Figure 1. The entire antenna is formed by a beamformer (4) according to the pointing requirements of the beam, and the phase shift amount (13) of each sub-antenna (3) is generated, which also includes phase compensation due to structural errors and deformations. Place one or more positioning emission sources (8) for distance measurement at or near the feeder (1), and place one or more positioning receivers for distance measurement at each control point for the deformation of the antenna surface structure器 (9). The many-to-many transmitting source (8) and the receiver (9) form multiple pairs to make the measurement more efficient. The positions of the above-mentioned transmitting source (8) and receiver (9) may be exchanged with each other as needed. • The time waveform of the transmitted signal from the localized transmitting source (8) is controlled by the deformation measuring device Π 0), and the signal received by the receiver (9) is also processed by the measuring control (1 0). The deformation measuring device (1 0) compares the time difference and the phase difference of the transmission and reception, and obtains the information (1 4) of the overall structural deformation of the antenna through analysis. • After returning beamforming (4), according to the feeder (1) to each sub-antenna (3), the distance variation due to structural errors and deformations is converted to the phase difference according to the radar wavelength to adjust the position of each sub-antenna (3) The phase quantity (13) that needs to be compensated to achieve the purpose of closed loop control.
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