A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（/ ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再場寫衣頁) 以化學法處理動物糞便的方法與装置 本發明涉及一種對動物糞便、糞坑和臭水（以下通稱 「液態物質」）進行處理的方法和裝置*其目的在於將液 態物質中所含的氪化合物（主要是氨）化合並轉化成植物 容易吸收的肥料，並減少液態物質中所含的難聞氣體。 另外，本發明的方法還涉及解決廐槽内廢氣的處理並 妥廢氣為有用物質的問題。 由於製業的增長，或工業化的動物飼養，&由於牲畜 處理的現化化，會成倍地産生液態物質。根據以前所用的 方法，這些液態物質大多數都被集中並貯存在混凝土池内 ,即所謂的萁便池内。 對這些糞便池要定期排空，排空固期的長短取決於便 池的容積。或者借肋於槽車或用交通工具牽引的貯槽、或 直接通過泵和管道（tt稱作管線）把液態物質主要用於耕 作的農田中。可用噴管或反沖槽將液態掬質噴和分配到 地裡。 ：： 因為液態物質中含有以氮、磷、鈣化合物形式存在的 有價值的植锪養分，從古至今.都是將液態饬質送到耕作 的地裡。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印- 從國民經濟的角度來考盧，液態物質中所含的天然肥 料尤其是氮的化合物是一種有價值的物質，在其他情況下 ，必須用化學方法才能生産出這些物質。 _ 人工合成的氮吧只能利用大氣中所含的氮作為原料來 82.6. 40,000 本纸依尺度適用中国国家桴準（CNS)甲4觇烙（210 X 297公货） A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明〇) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 生産。 因為空氣中僅含有大约80%的氮，因此必須將20 %的氣氣部分分離出去。 可通過所諝的林德法進行上述分離，由於氣氣的林德 法生産的副産品，因此最好是通過氣的燃燒而受成為C0 或 C ◦ ζ。 為了生産lkg氮，至少需要以天然氣、石油或煤為形 式的1 kg碩來與空氣中的氯氣部分化合或燃燒，假如不産 生消耗一氣化碩的有關産品，那麼就會産生大量的二氣化 磺，這些二氣化碩會排放到大氣中。據報導，這就會引起 所謂的溫室效應。 正因為液態物質中動物萁便所含的氮如此重要，因此 不僅不應將其棄掉，而睡該將其轉化成某種形成，從而最 大程度地將氮作為天然肥料來使用，這正是本發明的任務 〇 與此有關的是還應考盧到由於經濟原因在各個不同地 區來自動物以及甚至於人的糞便的天然肥料.經常是唯一 隨時可供使用的肥料。 在已描述的使用未經處理的液態物質的傳统方法中， 經濟部中央襻準局R工消费合作社印製 有80—90%的氮損失掉了。 大部分未經化合物的氮，如氨，漏入大氣中。一部分 噴灑的液態掬質在澆灌期間立卽損失掉了，另一部分因氣 候情況和地面狀態的閟偽，在澆灌液態物質之后的很短時 82.6. 40,000 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)甲4規烙m〇 X 297公發） 219353 A6 B6 經濟部中夹標準局R工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（$ ) 間内漏走了。這種現象也適用於存在於液態物質中的散發 出持別臭的糞臭素類化合物和硫醇類化合物。 最後剩餘的物質很難發生化學反應，因此不能用一種 簡單的化學方法進行化合和分離。 飼養動物特別是在養牛場飼養動物，如飼養乳牛、耕 牛、水牛等等的場所的另一値環境污染問題是甲烷的排放 問題。甲烷具有破壞大氣臭氧層的能力比C〇2高3 0倍 。由於甲烷本來就對環境迪成污染，尤其在沒有消耗掉所 貯氣體的情況下，來自於使堆放的垃圾進行發酵處理的氣 體，如傳统所公知的來自稻田種植區和沼澤地的沼澤氣， 以及如來自污泥堆放處的因通風不良産生的腐爛氣和死水 區的腐爛氣，對環境都有污染，所以重要的是至少要解決 上述部分問題。 因此，本發明的任務是在理想情況下用一種綜合方法 來解決所有提到的與動物飼養有關的問題。 即使徹底解決了對環境來說也是不能滿足的，因在 化學的和生物的轉化過程中，不存在永動機。 m —種簡單的適當的流程處理所提到的液態物質，使 其： a) .呈處理後的狀態；以及 b) 已處理的液態物質的濃度能直接澆灌耕作的農田 ,均勻地澆在單位面積的農田上的液態物質的濃度在農田 中植物吸收能力和生物细菌分解力範圍之内是具有重大意 (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再5?寫本頁> 裝- 訂. 線. 本纸张又度遠用中S3家桴準（CNS) τ 4规烙（210 X 297公殳） 82.6. 40 000 219353 A6 B6 五、發明説明（+) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 義的。 如果在居住區附近的農田上噴灑的液態物質的濃度超 過上述範圍，就可能會影辍居民的健康。在這種被污染地 區易引起黏膜發炎、頭痛、失眠和過敏反應。 影礬環境的因素主要是液態物質中呈氣態的以及所謂 游離狀的、未化合的組分。 上述組分主要是氨、由糞臭毒蛋白以及硫醇類的有機 硫化物分解出的臭氣。 人們認為尤其是氨對人的健康危害可能很嚴重，另一 方面存在於掖態物質中的剌激性物霣的濃度也許不太高。 但這些剌激性物質的剌激性特別是硫醇的剌瀲性極大，有 時甚至在p pm範圍内。 液態物質的擴散除了對健康産生薛重影«以外，對於 掖態物質中所含的氣態物質會破壞大氣和更高的大氣層的 情況也常有報導。 同樣，養牛場所産生的甲烷&會造成很多更菝重危 害。 顯然，還會破顔臭氯層.而在地球周圍20 — 50ka 高處的臭氧層就象一層保護層一樣能吸收太陽中有害的紫 經濟部中央標準居W工消費合作社印- 外線。 必須提及的是•飼養動物時産生甲烷的問題至今仍被 忽視。然而，如果人們考盧到全世界飼養了幾十僚頜如牛 之類的牲畜，在這種倩況下·每頭牲口每天排泄出的甲烷 本纸張又度適用中國國家浮準（CNS)肀4规格（210 X 297公兌） 82.(Ϊ. 40,000 A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（/) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再壜寫本頁) 超過2 0 0升.那麼很容易算出要考盧的排出的總甲烷量 是非常可觀的。 徹底解決這些問題的方案以前幾乎未介绍過。假如能 使用用一種簡單而可行的方法解決上述問題的話，那麽僅 就減少所産生的甲烷而言，就可以認為是一種巨大的成功 Ο 因此，本發明的目的是要獲得一種方法和装置，用這 種方法和裝置和從液態物質中排出易揮發且未化合的化合 物，特別是排出氮化物和臭氣體，或是顯著減少液態物質 中這些物質的含量，也就是說，在這類方法中，最好使上 述組分化合並使氮化合，尤其是使氨轉化為易被植物吸收 的氮肥，對過程中的氮體剩餘物進行加熱處理，或通過簡 化的费更方式中對剩餘物進行加熱處理。 本發明的另外的目的是，假如涉及到養牛業，則要減 少含有臭氣體和甲烷（沼氣）的廄内廢氣的排放，如果可* 能，同時還要提供一種對液態物質進行處理的方法。/ 經濟邾中與攉準居R工消费合作社印製 本發明提出的新方法和装置以出乎人們意料之外的方 式對動拗糞便，萁坑及臭水（這些稱作為液態物質）進行 處理，並可利用液態物質中所含的氨使其成為經化學反應 化合的、不揮發的植物肥料，同時加熱處理掉不易發生化 學反應、對環境造成危害的液態物質中的組分，更確切地 說，加熱處理掉在程序過程中産生的如氨基類，甲烷或氣 態的臭氣體（如臭味素和硫醇之類），其持獻是通過向液 82.6. 40.000 本纸張尺度過用中國国家標準（CNS)甲4現丨各（210 X 297公货〉 «濟部中央橒準居Ιβ工消費合作杜印« ‘319353 五、發明説明（A ) 態物質中添加二氧化碩和硫酸鈣，使得液態物質中未化合 的和/或已溶解的氨轉化成一種不揮發的、植物能趿收的 氮肥，最將將廄内廢氣作為二氣化磺氣源，用一種脱皤方 法（Stripingsverfahren )通過向液態物質中注入氧氣， 較好的是注人空氣，尤其是注入廄内廢氣使液態物質中的 臭氣體、剩餘氨和來自於廄内廢氣中的甲烷及其他易揮發 物質排出，在裝置的排出口附近對放出的氣體加熱催化或 借肋於可燃氣體將其燒掉。 按照圖2所示的裝置，在一種簡化的處理液態物質的 工薛過程中，省掉了用硫酸鈣對液態物質進行處理步铤， 而僅僅注入氧氣或空氣，最好是用廄内廢氣進行分解處理 0 即使待處理的液態物質少得使總過程的費用完全不合 理，本發明的方法&能適合這種情況。 遇上這種情況建議將液態物質收集在一個多级混合裝. 置中並加以處理。 < 同樣地在移動式小型装置中，對液態物質的處理也可‘ 以用簡化的工藝流程，省略用硫酸鈣對液態物質進行處理 的步驟，僅用上面所述的分解法步驟對液態物質進行處理 〇 在添加石哥漿的倩況下處理液態物質時，最好使用瞞 意的石胥，如在烟氣脱硫時産生的硫酸鈣，石音漿内的固 髏含量在5 — 2 5 %之間，考處到反應動力學原理，硫酸 本纸张尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)甲4規格（210 X 297公;ί ) 82.6. 40,000 裝-----——.π------線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（^ ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) - 鈣濃度較高是有利的。然而，由於硫酸鈣在水中容易擴散 加之硫酸鈣漿在處理裝置中可以無干擾地分配，在實際應 用中漿中的硫酸鈣濃度在1 0 — 20%之間。 同樣，將硫酸鈣注入處理裝置的位置也是重要的。該 位置應安排成使得待處理的液態物質在較高的位置與硫酸 鈣混合，而將相應當量的氨轉化成硫酸銨 因為該過程是 在室溫下進行，因此無需輸入能量，並已證明該方法對環 境不會産生不利的影堪，逭是特別重要的。因此，最好將 石音漿配入液體抽取泵⑴的抽吸管内，這揉做的另一値優 點是在偏心螺杆泵（1)内同時使反應物充分混合，而且由於 管體内耐腐蝕和酎磨蝕的彈性塑性材料組成，從而使材料 不會出現易破點。 人們為解決本發明提出的任務曾經作出了很多努力。 在DE-PS3712788中，描述了一種在施肥 時用坑萁調整鈣需求量的方法，在該方法中僅當土地中缺， 少鈣時，才用坑糞、石灰岩補充鈣。 ’: 由於石灰反睡顯示中性甚至顯弱碱性且實際上不溶於 水，它的反E活性跟同漾顯碱性反悪的氨相比是徹不足道 的。 經濟部中兴標準局貝工消费合作社印^ 假如們注意到在該方法中所引用的装置，就會發現為 了控制工藝過程，需要使用大量測量分析儀器。 在“垃圾和廢物〔In Miill und Abfall 20(1§88) 469-72〕的文獻中，描述了一種通過化學沈積法使氨轉化 -1 0 - 82.6. 40,000 本纸張尺度適用中國國家棵苹（CNS)甲4規丨各（210 X 297公货） 219353 A6 B6A6 B6 219353 V. Description of the invention (/) (Please read the precautions on the back and then write the clothing page) The method and device for chemical treatment of animal excrement The present invention relates to a method for treating animal excrement, pits and stinky water (hereinafter referred to as " "Liquid substance") The processing method and device * The purpose is to convert and convert the krypton compound (mainly ammonia) contained in the liquid substance into a fertilizer that is easily absorbed by the plant, and reduce the unpleasant gas contained in the liquid substance. In addition, the method of the present invention also relates to solving the problem of treating exhaust gas in a tank and making exhaust gas a useful substance. Due to the growth of the manufacturing industry, or the industrialization of animal husbandry, & due to the modernization of livestock handling, liquid substances will be multiplied. According to the previously used methods, most of these liquid substances are concentrated and stored in a concrete tank, the so-called urinal. These manure tanks must be emptied regularly, and the length of the emptying solid period depends on the volume of the tank. Alternatively, the liquid material is mainly used in cultivated farmland by taking advantage of tank trucks or storage tanks towed by vehicles, or directly through pumps and pipes (tt called pipelines). Liquid nozzles can be sprayed and distributed into the ground with nozzles or recoil slots. :: Because the liquid material contains valuable plant nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium compounds, from ancient times to the present, the liquid food is sent to the farming field. Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs-From the perspective of the national economy, natural fertilizers, especially nitrogen compounds contained in liquid substances are a valuable substance. In other cases, chemical methods must be used. Produce these substances. _ The synthetic nitrogen bar can only use the nitrogen contained in the atmosphere as a raw material. 82.6. 40,000 This paper is suitable for China National Standards (CNS) A 4 target branding (210 X 297 public goods) A6 B6 219353 V. Invention Instructions 〇) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Production. Because the air contains only about 80% nitrogen, 20% of the gas must be partially separated. The above-mentioned separation can be carried out by the Linde method. As a by-product of the Linde method of gas, it is best to be C0 or C ◦ ζ by the combustion of gas. In order to produce lkg nitrogen, at least 1 kg of natural gas, oil or coal is required to partially combine or burn with chlorine gas in the air. If the relevant products that consume the first gas are not produced, a large amount of second gasification will be generated Sulphur, these two gasification masters will be discharged into the atmosphere. According to reports, this causes the so-called greenhouse effect. It is precisely because the nitrogen contained in the animal ’s stool in the liquid substance is so important, it should not only be discarded, but it should be converted into a certain form of sleep, so as to maximize the use of nitrogen as a natural fertilizer, this is exactly The task of the present invention is related to the fact that due to economic reasons, natural fertilizers from animal and even human feces in various areas should be considered. Often the only fertilizers available at any time. In the traditional method of using untreated liquid substances that has been described, 80-90% of the nitrogen is lost by the R-Consumer Cooperative Printed by the Central Tabernacle Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Most uncompounded nitrogen, such as ammonia, leaks into the atmosphere. A part of the sprayed liquid soap was lost during the irrigation, and the other part was due to the climatic conditions and ground conditions. After the liquid substance was poured, it was a short time 82.6. 40,000 This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A 4 gauge brand m〇X 297 (published) 219353 A6 B6 Printed by the R-Consumer Cooperative of the Bureau of Standards and Economics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. The description of the invention ($) was leaked. This phenomenon is also applicable to skatole compounds and thiol compounds that emit different odors in liquid substances. The last remaining substances are difficult to chemically react, so they cannot be combined and separated by a simple chemical method. Raising animals, especially in cattle farms, such as dairy cows, cattle, buffalo, etc. Another value of environmental pollution is methane emissions. Methane has the ability to destroy the atmospheric ozone layer 30 times higher than C〇2. Since methane is already polluting the environment, especially when the stored gas is not consumed, the gas from the fermentation of the piled garbage, such as the traditionally known marsh gas from rice field planting areas and marshes, And, for example, the decay gas from the sludge stacking place due to poor ventilation and the decay gas in the dead water area have pollution to the environment, so it is important to solve at least some of the above problems. Therefore, the task of the present invention is to ideally solve all the mentioned problems related to animal feeding in a comprehensive way. Even a complete solution is not satisfactory for the environment, because there is no perpetual motion machine in the chemical and biological transformation process. m—A simple and appropriate process for processing the mentioned liquid substances to make them: a) in the treated state; and b) the concentration of the processed liquid substances can be directly irrigated into the farmland and evenly poured in the unit The concentration of the liquid substance on the farmland within the area is of great significance within the range of plant absorption capacity and biological bacterial decomposition power in the farmland (please read the precautions on the back and then 5? Write this page> binding-order. Line. This paper is far from being used in the Chinese S3 home standard (CNS) τ 4 gauge (210 X 297 public) 82.6. 40 000 219353 A6 B6 5. Invention description (+) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this If the concentration of the liquid substance sprayed on the farmland near the residential area exceeds the above range, it may affect the health of the residents. In this contaminated area, it is easy to cause mucosal inflammation, headache, insomnia and allergic reactions. The environmental factors of the shadow alum are mainly gaseous and so-called free, uncombined components in the liquid material. The above components are mainly ammonia, odors decomposed by organic sulfides of fecal odor and thiols . People It is believed that ammonia in particular may be very harmful to human health. On the other hand, the concentration of irritant substances in the tungsten substance may not be too high. Extremely aggressive, sometimes even in the range of p pm. In addition to the Xue ghost image for health, the diffusion of liquid substances is also frequently reported that the gaseous substances contained in the tumbled substances will destroy the atmosphere and higher atmosphere. In the same way, methane & produced in cattle farms will cause a lot of more severe damage. Obviously, it will also break the smelly chlorine layer. The ozone layer at a height of 20-50ka around the earth can absorb the harmful effects of the sun like a protective layer. The Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People ’s Republic of China is printed by the W-Consumer Cooperative Society-outside. It must be mentioned that the problem of methane generation when feeding animals is still being ignored. However, if people go to the world to raise dozens of cattle like cattle For such animals, in this kind of situation, the methane excreted by each animal every day is again applicable to the China National Floating Standard (CNS) Yu 4 specifications (210 X 297 public exchange rate) 82. (Ϊ. 40, 00 0 A6 B6 219353 V. Description of the invention (/) (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) More than 2 0 0 liters. Then it is easy to calculate the total amount of methane to be discharged from Kaulu is very impressive. Thorough Solutions for solving these problems have hardly been introduced before. If a simple and feasible method can be used to solve the above problems, then only the reduction of methane produced can be considered a huge success. Therefore, the present invention The purpose is to obtain a method and device for the discharge of volatile and uncombined compounds from liquid substances, especially nitrogen compounds and odorous gases, or to significantly reduce the content of these substances in liquid substances That is to say, in this type of method, it is best to combine the above components and allow nitrogenation, especially to convert ammonia into nitrogen fertilizer that is easily absorbed by plants, and heat the nitrogen residue in the process, or by simplifying In the Fibonacci method, the residue is heated. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the emission of waste gas containing odorous gas and methane (methane gas) if it involves cattle breeding, and if possible, also provide a method of treating liquid substances . / The economical Zhongzhong and Rongjunju R-consumer cooperatives printed the new method and device proposed by the present invention in an unexpected way to deal with moving stools, pits and stinky water (these are called liquid substances) , And can use the ammonia contained in the liquid material to make it into a non-volatile plant fertilizer compounded by chemical reaction, and at the same time heat process the components in the liquid material that are not prone to chemical reaction and cause harm to the environment, more precisely It is said that the heat treatment of odorous gases such as aminos, methane or gaseous gases (such as odorant and thiol) generated during the process is provided by the liquid solution 82.6. 40.000 This paper scale is used in China National Standard (CNS) A4 is now available (210 X 297 public goods) «Jibu Central Juzhunju Ιβ Industrial and Consumer Cooperation Duin« «319353 V. Description of the invention (A) Addition of SiO 2 and calcium sulfate to the state of matter , So that the uncombined and / or dissolved ammonia in the liquid material is converted into a non-volatile nitrogen fertilizer that can be harvested by plants. Most of the waste gas in the plant will be used as the source of the two gasification sulfonate, using a stripping method (Stripingsv erfahren) by injecting oxygen into the liquid material, it is better to inject air, especially into the exhaust gas in the exhaust to discharge the odorous gas in the liquid material, residual ammonia, methane and other volatile substances from the exhaust gas in the exhaust, Heat the emitted gas near the discharge port of the device to catalyze it or burn it by combustible gas. According to the device shown in Figure 2, in a simplified process for processing liquid substances, the use of calcium sulfate is eliminated For the treatment of liquid substances, and only injecting oxygen or air, it is best to use the exhaust gas for decomposition treatment. Even if there are too few liquid substances to be treated, the cost of the overall process is completely unreasonable. The method of the present invention can Suitable for this situation. In this case, it is recommended to collect and process liquid substances in a multi-stage mixing device. ≪ Similarly, in mobile small devices, the treatment of liquid substances can also be simplified Process flow, omitting the step of treating the liquid substance with calcium sulfate, and only using the decomposition step described above to process the liquid substance. When dealing with liquid substances under the condition of Shige Pulp, it is best to use unintentional Shixu, such as calcium sulfate produced during flue gas desulfurization, and the solid content in Shiyin Pulp is between 5 and 25%. Regarding the principle of reaction kinetics, the scale of sulfuric acid on this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 g;) 82.6. 40,000 Pack ---------. Π ------ Line ( Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) A6 B6 219353 5. Description of the invention (^) (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page)-Higher calcium concentration is beneficial. However, due to sulfuric acid Calcium easily diffuses in water and the calcium sulfate slurry can be distributed in the treatment device without interference. In practical applications, the concentration of calcium sulfate in the slurry is between 10-20%. Likewise, the location where calcium sulfate is injected into the processing device is also important. The location should be arranged so that the liquid substance to be treated is mixed with calcium sulfate at a higher position, and the corresponding equivalent of ammonia is converted to ammonium sulfate. Because the process is performed at room temperature, there is no need to input energy, and it has been proven This method does not adversely affect the environment, and it is particularly important. Therefore, it is better to mix the stone sound slurry into the suction pipe of the liquid extraction pump (1). Another advantage of this kneading is that the reactants are fully mixed in the eccentric screw pump (1) at the same time, and because the pipe body is resistant to corrosion It is composed of elastic plastic material abraded by hydrazone, so that the material will not show break points. Many efforts have been made to solve the tasks proposed by the present invention. In DE-PS3712788, a method for adjusting the calcium requirement with pits during fertilization is described. In this method, pit manure and limestone are used to supplement calcium only when the land is short of calcium. ’: Since lime anti-sleep shows neutrality or even weak alkalinity and is actually insoluble in water, its anti-E activity is insignificant compared to ammonia with alkaline alkalinity. Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative, ZTE Bureau of Economics, Ministry of Economics ^ If you notice the devices cited in this method, you will find that a large number of measurement and analysis instruments are needed to control the process. In the literature of "Garbage and Waste [In Miill und Abfall 20 (1§88) 469-72], a method for converting ammonia by chemical deposition method is described.-10-82.6. 40,000 This paper scale is suitable for the Chinese national apple (CNS) A 4 rules 丨 each (210 X 297 public goods) 219353 A6 B6
經濟部中喪標準居R工消费合作社印K 五、發明説明d) 成磷酸鎂銨來陳去滲漏水中的銨的方法，這種方法也能用 於從坑萁中沈積銨。 除不需要全部離析出氨之外，該方法所使用的裝置的 費用極昂貴，而且蓮行費用也為中等水平。 為了保證過程能有效進行，農業技術人員還必須萃握 一些化學和工藉流程技術方面的知識。 與此相反，上面所提到的新方法採用簡化的工藝過程 結構不復雜，僅僅只量加入氣氣或空氣，最好是加入廄内 廢氣和一種如丙烷、丁烷氣之類的肋燃氣體。 所需要的裝置tt不復雜還無箱知道化學分析測量值。 按照本發明的方法的液態物質的多级處理是根據下列 化學反應式 CaS04 +2NH3 +C02 +H2 0-» CaCOj +(HH4 )z S04 使被溶解的氨或者使容易起化學化合反應的氨和液態物質 中的其它引起碱性反應的物質化合，由硫酸转變成硫酸銨 。CaS〇4以彌散狀引入過程中。所以用來自工業垴’'氣 # ^ 脱硫的硫酸鈣作為廉價原料是有利的。就這方面而言，本 發明的方法從兩方面減輕了環境的負擔，因為一方面對氨 進行化合，而另一方面又一次利用了影繼環境的廢氣。 除了 CaS04外，還需要一股C02作為反應物。 一般來說廄内空氣中二氣化磺含量已足夠，通常其瀝度為 大約4%。如果這種廢氣是不可用的，可使用由銷瓶盛裝 的二氧化磺。 11 本紙ίδ·又度適用肀a國家桴iMCNS)甲>4規格（210 X 297公發） 82.6. 40,000 請 先 閲 -面 之 注 項 再 塡 寫 本 頁 裝 訂 線 A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在無彌散媒介質的情況下，將CaS〇4作為所謂漿 狀物加入過程中是有利的。最好漿狀物中c a S04含量 (懸浮液）為15%,卽按重量計1〇〇份水溶液中有1 5 份 C a S Ο 4 〇 儘管如此，所用的漿狀物中C a S〇4瀝度範圍可在 10 — 3 0% 之間。 反應應在約為3〇υ的溫度下進行。反應溫度低於3 0°C並非不重要，但這健缺陷可通過提高石帝漿中C a S 0 4含量來補償。 然而無需採取特殊的溫度控制措施。 如果將本方法用於經濟性取決於快速處理過程的利用 大型機器的技術中的話，那麽，在將待然燒的剩餘氣體和 所箱的肋燃氣體排放燃焼的情況下，可利用本方法中廢氣 燃焼的能量。 在上述的提高石音漿中CaS04含置尤其是提高液 態物質内硫酸鈣濃度的情況下，配入處理裝置中的硫酸货 的配給點同樣具有特殊意義。 經濟部中夹樣準局貝工消费合作社印κ g己給點E安排成使待處理的液態锪質在一®較高位置 上與C a S〇4混合，按照上述的化學反應式，將相應當 量的氨轉化為（HN4 ) z S04 。最好使CaS04的 配給點緊靠抽吸液態物質的偏心式螺杆泵1的抽吸部位。 而且，這艏配給點是很合理的，因為在偏心螺杵泵内 反踱組分、液態物質和石胥很快就能充分混合。由於廄内 -12- 82.6. 40,000 本纸张尺度適用中國國家桴準（CNS)甲4规格（210 X 297公釐） A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（p) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 廢氣中的二氣化碩可選擇在偏心螺桿的上部混合，反應完 金按照上述反應式進行。 使偏心螺桿在實際上起前置反匾器的作用，從另外的 角度來看，也是特別重要的。 化學過程的混合區通常是材料磨損比較厲害的區域， 這是由於渦流、磨耗、化學腐蝕和類似原因所致。由於在 傾心螺桿泵内反應組分發生混合，因此防止了由盡可能酎 腐蝕和耐腐蝕的彈性塑料制成的泵體中出現潛在的材科易 破點。 當然普通的CaS04 ·6Η20 (硫酸鈣水合物） 也可用作CaS〇4漿。 除了 （NH4 ) 2 S〇4以外，作為産品還生成碩酸 鈣，它同樣是一種有用的植物頚肥料。碩酸鈣以滿怠的形 式起到長效肥料的作用，同時，中和了酸性反應的硫酸銨 〇 借肋於C a S〇4使氨在所描述的沈澱反應之後，骑 « 、 時和/或幾乎同時對液態物質除氣並將除出的氣體燃燒。Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China R Co., Ltd. K. V. Description of the invention d) A method of forming ammonium magnesium phosphate to remove ammonium in the leaking water. This method can also be used for depositing ammonium from Pengcha. In addition to not requiring all ammonia to be separated out, the cost of the equipment used in this method is extremely expensive, and the lotus cost is also moderate. In order to ensure that the process can be carried out effectively, agricultural technicians must also acquire some knowledge of chemistry and industrial process technology. On the contrary, the new method mentioned above uses a simplified process. The structure is not complicated, and only the amount of gas or air is added. It is best to add the exhaust gas and a ribbed gas such as propane and butane gas. . The required device tt is not complicated and there is no box to know the measured value of chemical analysis. The multi-stage treatment of liquid substances according to the method of the present invention is based on the following chemical reaction formula CaS04 + 2NH3 + C02 + H2 0- »CaCOj + (HH4) z S04 to dissolve ammonia or to make it easy to chemically react with ammonia and The other substances in the liquid substance that cause alkaline reaction are converted from sulfuric acid to ammonium sulfate. CaS〇4 is introduced into the process in a dispersed state. Therefore, it is advantageous to use calcium sulfate desulfurized from industrial naphtha gas as a cheap raw material. In this respect, the method of the present invention reduces the burden on the environment from two aspects, because on the one hand, ammonia is combined, and on the other hand, the waste gas from the environment is used again. In addition to CaS04, a stream of CO2 is required as a reactant. Generally speaking, the content of disulfide in the air is sufficient, and the leaching rate is usually about 4%. If this off-gas is not available, sulphur dioxide contained in pin bottles can be used. 11 This paper is suitable for the iMCNS) A > 4 specification (210 X 297 public issue) 82.6. 40,000 Please read the notes on the page before writing the binding line A6 B6 219353 V. Description of the invention () (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) In the absence of dispersing media, it is advantageous to add CaS〇4 as a so-called slurry. Preferably, the content of ca S04 (suspension) in the slurry is 15%, and there are 15 parts of Ca S 〇 4 in 100 parts by weight of aqueous solution. However, the amount of Ca S S in the slurry used is 4 The leaching range can be between 10 and 30%. The reaction should be carried out at a temperature of approximately 30 °. It is not unimportant that the reaction temperature is lower than 30 ° C, but this defect can be compensated by increasing the content of Ca S 0 4 in Shidi slurry. However, no special temperature control measures are required. If this method is used in a technology that uses large machines whose economy depends on the rapid processing, then this method can be used in the case of burning the remaining gas and the ribbed gas discharged from the tank. Burning energy of exhaust gas. In the case of increasing the CaS04 content in the above-mentioned stone sound pulp, especially increasing the concentration of calcium sulfate in the liquid substance, the distribution point of the sulfuric acid cargo to be dispensed in the processing device is also of special significance. The κg printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has been arranged at point E such that the liquid sulfur to be treated is mixed with Ca S〇4 at a higher position. According to the above chemical reaction formula, The corresponding equivalent of ammonia is converted to (HN4) z S04. Preferably, the distribution point of CaS04 is close to the suction part of the eccentric screw pump 1 which sucks the liquid substance. Moreover, this bow distribution point is very reasonable, because in the eccentric screw pestle pump, the anti-heavy components, liquid substances and scorpion will soon be fully mixed. Since the internal -12- 82.6. 40,000 paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) A6 B6 219353 5. Description of the invention (p) (please read the precautions on the back before filling in This page) The two-gasification masterbatch in the exhaust gas can be optionally mixed at the upper part of the eccentric screw, and the reaction is completed according to the above reaction formula. It is also particularly important to make the eccentric screw actually function as a front anti-plaque device from another perspective. The mixing zone of the chemical process is usually the area where the material wears more, which is caused by eddy current, abrasion, chemical corrosion and similar reasons. Due to the mixing of the reaction components in the eccentric screw pump, potential breakage points in the material are prevented from occurring in the pump body made of as elastic and corrosion-resistant elastic plastic as possible. Of course, ordinary CaS04 · 6H20 (calcium sulfate hydrate) can also be used as CaS〇4 slurry. In addition to (NH4) 2 S〇4, as a product, it also produces calcium borate, which is also a useful plant fertilizer. Calcium monate acts as a long-acting fertilizer in the form of full idleness, and at the same time, the acidic ammonium sulfate is neutralized. With the help of Ca S〇4, ammonia reacts after the described precipitation reaction. / Or almost at the same time degassing the liquid substance and burning the degassed gas.
經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印K 以這種方將來自養牛奶場的廢内廢氣中的甲烷燃境掉 。就單獨一種由液態物質排出的可燃氣體而言，其瀝度太 低，所以必須加入一種叫作助燃氣的可燃氣體來雒持燃燒 氨能被部分燃燒掉，當然同時還産生作為燃堍fe物的 氣化m。 -1 3 - 82.6. 40,000 本紙張尺度適用中國國家棵準（CNS)甲4規格（210 X 297公货） 219353 A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局员工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（Ο ) 在這種情況下可實現完金燃燒，因為在這樣的情況下 ，當部分燃燒時僅需要更少的氣氣量。如燃燒《時按下式 進行反應： 4NH3 + 30z — 2Nz + 6H2 0在上述的氛的 燃燒反應中能産生3 0 2仟卡能量。由於在混合的廢氣中 ，還帶有更高卡路里的甲烷被燃焼，就存在更高的有使用 價值的能量。 廢氣燃焼的能量可由熱交換器回收，如用於加熱水。 當然也可用通過恆溫催化劑管条或催化劑過濾器起催 化作用，類似於奧托汽車一廢氣催化劑那樣來燃燒廢氣。 何種加熱處理廢氣的方法更合理取決於待燃燒量。 就這方面而言，在個別愔況下還必須確定優先選用哪 種廢氣燃燒方法。 例1 如圖1所示的工Μ流程。 借肋於一台镉心螺捍泵1和安全旁通管3將液態物束 « 、 從貯槽9經帶有自淨化過濾器10的吸入頭再經壓力和流 量調節器2泵入反應器1 7的混合缸4。如果泵出的液體 量調節超過偏心螺桿泵1的轉數，流量調節器2能夠使其 下降。把所有氣氣、空氣，最好是牲畜廄内的廢氣通過輸 送管18流過多孔體16進入混合缸4成彌散的小氣泡。 多孔體16可由陶瓷或如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醯胺乏類的 塑料制成。該多孔體是一個圓柱形空心體，其外殼密閉， -14- ------------------------裝------.玎-------線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事喟再塡寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用ta國家標準（CNS)甲4祝格（210 X 297公» ) 82.6. 40,000 219353 A6 B6 娌濟部中央標準局R工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（fyl 内壁開孔，殼體材料為有很多細孔或者在毛細作用下流體 可流過的材料。由於這種材料可使混合缸4内的空氣導管 自動形成均勻分佈的結構，這正是本方法所期望的。另一 方面這種多孔S節省了一艏在其它情況下則為必需的導入 噴管。 另外的和/或附加的氣氣（空氣）供給也可直接地供 入傾心螺捍泵的受壓側，這樣可延長液態物質和石音漿混 合的反應過程。 混合缸4的湓流噴管的2 0尺寸應設計成使得混合缸 内不會産生壓力，&就是說，由於向混合缸内引入空氣在 混合物内産生使局部蒸汽壓下降的效果。這就減輕了液態 物質的除氣。 披輸入混合缸的氣氣或空氣中所含的氧會引起液態物 質缓慢氣化，更確切地說，會增強细菌對材料的分解過程 。因此使局部液態物質産生一定的去臭作用·。 在開始引入氧氣（空氣）的同時，從混合室3 6經1分 配器35,將10%的石蕾懸浮液37在镉心泵抽吸接管 38的高度處引人液態物質中。石蕾漿的配給量按單位時 間的容積計，如毎小時1 0 〇升。 由於混合室36裝有帶馬達Μ的攪拌器，懸浮液總能 保持良好的流動性，並靠自身重力流到分配位置處。另一 方面.偏心螺桿泵還産生抽吸作用。為了保證石眘漿輸送 完全均衝，装一台用於此目的小配料泵是合適的。在這種 請 先 閲 背 面 注 意 事 項 再 塡 寫 本 頁 裝 訂 線 本纸張/〇受適用t®國家標準（CNS) Τ 4規烙（210 X 297公货） 82.6. 40,000 A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明（ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) 情況下，兩台泵的轉速，即抽吸液態物質的偏心螺桿泵⑴ 和石音漿分配泵的轉速彼此可調整成使得能夠經濟地利用 加入的材料。 如果用廄内廢氣作氣氣源，與氨化合所需的二氣化碩 處於所引入的氣體中。但是若用來自另一氣源，例如來自 銷瓶或罐31並經過閥32和帶輸送管34的分配調節器 33輸出的二氧化硪則不是這種情況。將二氣化碩在黏3 9處，卽在偏心螺杆泵排出口的上方引入糸統中是有利的 。這樣可使反應物混合特別充分，並延長了接觸掙留時間 〇 值得指出的是還有其它適於在田間使用的二氣化碩源 ,即使用柴油機组排出的薛氣，此源可谋足二氧化硪箱要 量的三分之一。 反應物流過混合缸4後，經處理的液態物質經過溢出 噴営20離開主反應區。 · 在檔液盤5處將液態物質與氣態組分以及事先引人/的 氣體，如空氣、《氣、甲烷、二氧化碩，未轉化的氛和未 化合的剩餘的氣態剌激性物質分離開。 經濟部中夹標準扃员工消费合作社印製 氣態组分流過火焰過濾器（防回火装置）6後在點4 5處與管道46、氣體流量計13、閥12從可燃氣源1 13流出的肋燃氣混合，以便在火焰7處燃燒。 處理過的液態物質1 9靠其本身的落差離開反醢器1 7並被暫時貯在一個池内或直接經噴霧容器或管道流到待 -1 6- 本纸张尺度適用中a國家標準（CNS)甲4规格（210 X 297公釐） 82.6. 40 000 A6 B6 219353 五、發明説明“ ψ 施肥的耕地上。而不會産生副産品或廢物。 此外，呈氣態的過程廢氣的燃焼也可以在催化作用下 無火苗地進行，或者在具有相睡溫度的催化劑的加熱催化 作用下進行。 例2 如圖2所示的流程。 該例涉及一種簡化的工藉流程，在該流程中，游離氨 不進行化合，而與由工藷過程和液態物質所産生的其它氣 髅一起，經加熱和/或加熱催化處理。 該工S流程主要方面與實施例1相同，僅取消了石苷 將與反應物的混合過程。 根據本實施例，在加熱處理氣體時，相應地産生比燃 燒放出的熱量多得多的能量。因此，例2適於利用過程中 的廢熱。 例3 - 如圖1所示的程序流程。 1 4 «ν 本例舆例1相一致，僅僅是處理装置串聯了一値稠萁 處理级。為了保證主程序無磨擦過程，原則上將此级聯在 固定裝置的旁邊。 串聯裝置5 0主要由溢流容器4 0和一傾擠碎活塞或 具有濂網42的碾細盤41组成。此處可可使用各種不同 的尤其是旋轉的碾碎糸統。 例4 -17- 本纸倀尺及適用ts國家標準（CNS)甲〇見格（210 X 297公货） -裝-------玎------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) 緩濟部中典標準局WX消费合作社印製 82.6. 40,000 219353 A6 B6 五、發明説明（ 如圖 本例 及現場預 中分離氨 6 1内。 氧化碩的 3 7從貯 在容器6 N Η 3 ) 管進入本 到耕地， 3所示的程 涉及一種簡 處理步驟。 的最簡單的 在液態物質 廄内廢氣經 槽3 6經過 1内發生C 2 S 0 4 介 來就存有液 或根據例1 序過程 化的程 圖3中 愛型。 進入容 14、 石罾漿 a S 0 質。經 態物質 的過程 序變更方 裝置6 0 盛有液態 池6 1以 3 4鼓入 配給器3 4沈殺， 過此處理 的貯池内 ,對其進 式，更 是一種 物質的 前或者 液態物 5流入 同時形 的液態 ,由此 一步處 確切地說，渉 從動物排泄物 通道通入容池 直接把含有二 質中。石音漿 容器6 1内。 成可溶解的（ 物質流過溘流 處可將其輸送 理。 -裝------訂-----，浲 (請先閏讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁) «濟部中央標準扃員工消费合作社印¾ -18 本纸张尺度適用中國國家桴準（CNS)甲4規格（210 X 297公货） 82.6. 40,000In this way, the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy printed K to burn the methane in the waste gas from the dairy farm. For a single combustible gas discharged from a liquid substance, its leaching rate is too low, so a combustible gas called auxiliary gas must be added to hold the combustion ammonia can be partially burned, of course, also produced as a burning fe的 化 化 m。 Gasification m. -1 3-82.6. 40,000 The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Grade 4 (210 X 297 public goods). 219353 A6 B6 Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Invention Instructions (Ο) Here In this case, complete gold combustion can be achieved, because in this case, only a smaller amount of gas is required when partially burned. For example, when burning ", the reaction is carried out according to the following formula: 4NH3 + 30z-2Nz + 6H2 0 can produce 3 0 2 thousand calories in the combustion reaction of the above atmosphere. Since methane with higher calories is burned in the mixed exhaust gas, there is a higher use value of energy. The energy for burning the exhaust gas can be recovered by the heat exchanger, such as for heating water. Of course, you can also use a constant temperature catalyst tube or catalyst filter to play a catalytic role, similar to Otto Automobile's exhaust catalyst to burn exhaust gas. Which method of heating the exhaust gas is more reasonable depends on the amount to be burned. In this respect, it is also necessary to determine which exhaust gas combustion method is preferred in individual stun conditions. Example 1 The industrial process shown in Figure 1. Leveraging a cadmium core screw pump 1 and safety bypass tube 3, the liquid material bundle «, from the storage tank 9 through the suction head with a self-cleaning filter 10, and then pumped into the reactor 1 through the pressure and flow regulator 2 7's mixing cylinder 4. If the amount of liquid pumped is adjusted to exceed the number of revolutions of the eccentric screw pump 1, the flow regulator 2 can lower it. All the gas, air, and preferably the waste gas in the livestock farm, flows through the porous body 16 through the delivery pipe 18 and into the mixing tank 4 to form dispersed small bubbles. The porous body 16 may be made of ceramics or plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyamide. The porous body is a cylindrical hollow body, the outer shell of which is closed, -14- ------------------------ installed ------. ------- Line (please read the precautions on the back and then write this page) The paper size is applicable to the national standard (CNS) A 4 Zhuge (210 X 297 Gong ») 82.6. 40,000 219353 A6 B6 Printed by the R and Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy and Economy 5. Invention description (fyl inner wall openings, the shell material is a material with many fine holes or fluids that can flow under capillary action. Because this material can make the mixing cylinder The air duct in 4 automatically forms a uniformly distributed structure, which is exactly what this method expects. On the other hand, this porous S saves a bow and is otherwise necessary to introduce into the nozzle. Additional and / or additional The gas (air) supply can also be directly supplied to the pressure side of the tilting screw pump, which can extend the reaction process of the mixing of liquid substances and stone sound slurry. The size of the 20th nozzle of the mixing cylinder 4 should be designed So that no pressure is generated in the mixing cylinder, & that is, due to the introduction of air into the mixing cylinder, the local vapor pressure is reduced in the mixture. This reduces the degassing of the liquid material. The gas or oxygen contained in the air into the mixing tank will cause the liquid material to slowly vaporize, more precisely, it will enhance the decomposition process of the material by the bacteria. Local liquid substances produce a certain deodorizing effect. At the same time as the introduction of oxygen (air), from the mixing chamber 36 through 1 distributor 35, 10% of the stone bud suspension 37 is sucked in the cadmium pump suction tube 38 It is attracted to liquid substances at high altitude. The amount of stone bud slurry is calculated based on the volume of unit time, such as 100 liters per hour. Since the mixing chamber 36 is equipped with a stirrer with a motor M, the suspension can always maintain a good flow The gravity flow to the distribution position by its own gravity. On the other hand, the eccentric screw pump also produces a suction effect. In order to ensure that the Shi Shen slurry transport is completely even, it is appropriate to install a small batching pump for this purpose. Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page. Binding paper / 〇Subject to applicable t® National Standard (CNS) Τ 4 gauge branding (210 X 297 public goods) 82.6. 40,000 A6 B6 219353 V. Description of the invention ((Please read first (Notes on the back will be written on this page.) In the case of two pumps, the rpm of the eccentric screw pump (1) and the siphon pump will be adjusted to each other so that the added materials can be used economically. If the internal waste gas is used as the gas source, the two-gasification required for the synthesis with ammonia is in the introduced gas. However, if it comes from another gas source, for example, from the pin bottle or tank 31 and passes through the valve 32 and the belt conveyor This is not the case for the dioxide output from the distribution regulator 33 of the tube 34. It is advantageous to introduce the two gasifications at the viscosity 39 and introduce them into the system above the discharge port of the eccentric screw pump. This allows the reactants to be particularly well mixed and extends the contact retention time. It is worth noting that there are other sources of two gasification suitable for use in the field, that is, the use of Xue gas discharged from diesel units, this source can be sufficient One third of the amount required for the oxygen dioxide box. After the reactant flows through the mixing tank 4, the treated liquid material leaves the main reaction zone through the overflow nozzle 20. · Separation of liquid substances from gaseous components and pre-introduced / gases such as air, gas, methane, dioxide, unconverted atmosphere and uncombined remaining gaseous stimulus substances at the liquid pan 5 open. The gaseous components printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Standard Consumer Labor Cooperatives flowed through the flame filter (anti-tempering device) 6 and flowed out of the combustible gas source 1 13 with the pipeline 46, the gas flow meter 13, and the valve 12 at point 45 The rib gas is mixed to burn at the flame 7. The processed liquid substance 19 leaves the reactor 17 by its own drop and is temporarily stored in a tank or directly flowed to the pipeline through a spray container or pipeline -1 6- This paper size applies to the national standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 82.6. 40 000 A6 B6 219353 V. Description of the invention “ψ Fertilization on cultivated land without producing by-products or waste. In addition, the combustion of the exhaust gas in the gaseous process can also be catalyzed It can be carried out without a flame or under the heating and catalytic action of a catalyst with a sleeping temperature. Example 2 The process shown in Figure 2. This example involves a simplified work-borrowing process in which free ammonia is not carried out Combined with other gas produced by the industrial potato process and liquid substances, it is heated and / or heated and catalyzed. The main aspects of the industrial process are the same as in Example 1, only the stone glycoside will react with the reactant Mixing process. According to this embodiment, when the process gas is heated, correspondingly more energy is generated than the heat released from combustion. Therefore, Example 2 is suitable for utilizing waste heat in the process. Example 3-As shown in Figure 1 The program flow. 1 4 «ν This example is consistent with Example 1, except that the processing device is connected in series with a thick processing stage. In order to ensure that the main program has no friction process, this cascade is in principle next to the fixed device. The 50 is mainly composed of an overflow container 40 and a squeezing crushing piston or a milling disc 41 with a sieve 42. Various different, especially rotating milling systems can be used here. Example 4 -17- Paper Chichi and applicable ts national standard (CNS) Jiaoge grid (210 X 297 public goods) -installed ------- 玎 ------ line (please read the precautions on the back before writing Page) Printed by WX Consumer Cooperative of China Code Standardization Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Relief 82.6. 40,000 219353 A6 B6 V. Description of the invention (As shown in this example and the on-site pre-separation separation of ammonia 6 1. Oxide master 3 7 is stored in the container 6 N Η 3) The tube enters into the farmland, and the process shown in 3 involves a simple processing step. The simplest waste gas in the liquid material stream passes through the tank 3 6 and passes through 1 to generate C 2 S 0 4 medium. According to Example 1, the sequence of the process is shown in Figure 3. The love type is shown in Figure 14. Entering Rong 14, Shi Zhen slurry a S 0 quality. The sequence changer device 6 0 contains a liquid tank 6 1 3 4 into the dispenser 3 4 sinking and killing, after the treatment of the storage tank, it is advanced, it is a kind of material before or liquid 5 flows into the same shape Liquid state, from one step to the exact point, from the animal waste channel into the container directly to contain the secondary substance. Stone sound pulp container 61. into a soluble (substance flows through the stream can be transported -Install ------ order -----, Xi (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) «Printed by the Ministry of Economy, Central Standard, and Employee ’s Consumer Cooperative ¾ -18 This paper size is applicable China National Standards (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 public goods) 82.6. 40,000