TW202216752A - Chimeric molecules providing targeted costimulation for adoptive cell therapy - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種適用於過繼細胞療法(ACT)之嵌合分子及包含該嵌合分子之細胞。該嵌合分子可充當細胞活性調節劑,其增強在內源性T細胞受體(TCR)與其同源抗原接合時的反應。本發明亦提供蛋白質、編碼該嵌合分子之核酸及其治療性用途。The present invention relates to a chimeric molecule suitable for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and cells comprising the chimeric molecule. The chimeric molecule can act as a modulator of cellular activity that enhances the response of endogenous T cell receptors (TCRs) to their cognate antigens. The present invention also provides proteins, nucleic acids encoding the chimeric molecules, and therapeutic uses thereof.
使用自體T細胞介導癌症消退之過繼細胞療法(ACT)已在早期臨床試驗中顯示出有很大的前景。已採用若干通用方法,諸如使用離體擴增的天然產生之腫瘤反應性或腫瘤浸潤性淋巴球(TIL)。另外,T細胞可經基改以使其再靶向明確腫瘤抗原。此可經由肽(p)-主要組織相容複合體(MHC)特異性T細胞受體(TCR)之基因轉移或腫瘤特異性單鏈抗體片段(scFv)與T細胞傳訊域(例如CD3ζ)之間的合成融合來進行,T細胞傳訊域稱為嵌合抗原受體(CAR)。Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous T cells to mediate cancer regression has shown great promise in early clinical trials. Several general approaches have been employed, such as the use of ex vivo expansion of naturally occurring tumor-reactive or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Additionally, T cells can be genetically engineered to retarget specific tumor antigens. This can be done via gene transfer of peptide (p)-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) or the interaction of tumor-specific single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) with T-cell signaling domains such as CD3ζ The T cell signaling domain is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
當靶向黑色素瘤時,TIL及TCR轉移已證實尤其良好(Rosenberg等人2011;Morgan 2006),而CAR療法已在某些B細胞惡性病之治療中顯示出有很大的前景(Grupp等人2013)。TIL and TCR metastasis have proven to be particularly good when targeting melanoma (Rosenberg et al. 2011; Morgan 2006), while CAR therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of certain B-cell malignancies (Grupp et al. 2013).
共刺激信號適用於實現穩定的CAR T細胞擴增、功能、持久性及抗腫瘤活性。CAR療法在白血病中之成功部分地歸因於共刺激域(例如CD28或CD137)併入至CAR構築體中,來自CAR構築體之信號與由CD3ζ提供之信號協同作用以增強抗腫瘤活性。此觀測結果之基礎係關於T細胞活化之經典信號1/信號2模範。此處,由TCR複合體提供之信號1與由共刺激受體(諸如CD28、CD137或CD134)提供之信號2協同作用,以允許細胞經歷純系擴增、IL2產生及長期存活,而沒有與單獨的信號1相關的活化誘導之細胞死亡(AICD)。此外,信號2之參與增強經由信號1產生之信號,使得細胞對低親合力相互作用(諸如在抗腫瘤反應期間遇到的彼等相互作用)反應更佳。Costimulatory signals are suitable for achieving stable CAR T cell expansion, function, persistence, and antitumor activity. The success of CAR therapy in leukemia is due in part to the incorporation of costimulatory domains (eg, CD28 or CD137) into CAR constructs, and the signal from the CAR construct synergizes with the signal provided by CD3ζ to enhance antitumor activity. The basis for this observation is the
靶向共刺激將對非基於CAR之T細胞療法具有有益作用。舉例而言,已顯示出將共刺激域併入至嵌合TCR中會增強T細胞對pMHC之反應(Govers 2014)。雖然腫瘤浸潤性淋巴球(TIL)利用其內源性TCR介導腫瘤識別,但不可能對內源性TCR進行工程改造。因此,因為腫瘤細胞表現極少共刺激配位體,TIL受到實質性限制。誘導TIL或實際上任何其他過繼T細胞療法產物之靶向共刺激的能力將為有益的。Targeted costimulation will have beneficial effects on non-CAR-based T cell therapy. For example, the incorporation of costimulatory domains into chimeric TCRs has been shown to enhance T cell responses to pMHC (Govers 2014). While tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) utilize their endogenous TCRs to mediate tumor recognition, it is not possible to engineer endogenous TCRs. Thus, TILs are substantially limited because tumor cells express few costimulatory ligands. The ability to induce targeted costimulation of TILs or indeed any other adoptive T cell therapy product would be beneficial.
本申請案中任何文獻之引用或鑑別並非承認此類文獻可用作本發明之先前技術。Citation or identification of any document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention.
本發明係關於嵌合分子,尤其是嵌合蛋白,其經設計以在內源性TCR與其同源抗原嚙合時提供共刺激。在機制上,所提出之構築體可併入內源性TCR複合體中。當內源TCR複合體機制與其同源抗原接合時,TCR受體複合體聚集,迫使此等嵌合構築體簇聚。此簇聚引起其傳訊域活化,從而導致共刺激增加。此共刺激本身表現出接受體T細胞之效應功能的可量測改良:活化標記增加,細胞介素分泌(詳言之,IL-2)增加且增殖增加。The present invention relates to chimeric molecules, particularly chimeric proteins, designed to provide costimulation when an endogenous TCR engages with its cognate antigen. Mechanistically, the proposed construct can be incorporated into the endogenous TCR complex. When the endogenous TCR complex machinery engages its cognate antigen, the TCR receptor complex aggregates, forcing these chimeric constructs to cluster together. This clustering causes activation of its signaling domain, which leads to increased costimulation. This costimulation itself showed measurable improvement in the effector function of recipient T cells: increased activation markers, increased secretion of cytokines (specifically, IL-2) and increased proliferation.
本發明係關於一種嵌合分子,有利地為嵌合蛋白,其在接合內源性T細胞受體時提供對T細胞之共刺激。此分子可包含TCR簇集域及傳訊域,該傳訊域可含有CD40細胞內域或其傳訊片段。The present invention relates to a chimeric molecule, advantageously a chimeric protein, which provides co-stimulation of T cells when engaging the endogenous T cell receptor. The molecule may comprise a TCR cluster domain and a signaling domain, which may contain a CD40 intracellular domain or a signaling fragment thereof.
TCR簇聚域可為TCR複合體中通常所發現之一或多種蛋白質,諸如(但不限於) CD3D、CD3E、CD3G、CD3Z、CD3R-η及前TCRα (PTCRA) TCRα、TCRβ、TCRγ或TCRδ之恆定鏈。The TCR clustering domain may be one or more proteins commonly found in the TCR complex, such as, but not limited to, CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, CD3Z, CD3R-n, and pre-TCRα (PTCRA) TCRα, TCRβ, TCRγ, or TCRδ constant chain.
傳訊域亦可包含另外的全長共刺激域,包括(但不限於) CD2、CD9、CD26、CD27、CD28、CD29、CD38、CD40、CD43、CD46、CD49d、CD55、CD73、CD81、CD82、CD99、CD100、CD134 (OX40)、CD137 (41BB)、CD150 (SLAM)、CD270 (HVEM)、CD278 (ICOS)、CD357 (GITR)或EphB6。Messaging domains may also include additional full-length costimulatory domains including, but not limited to, CD2, CD9, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD38, CD40, CD43, CD46, CD49d, CD55, CD73, CD81, CD82, CD99, CD100, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (41BB), CD150 (SLAM), CD270 (HVEM), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR) or EphB6.
雖然CD3D、CD3E、CD3G、CD3Z單獨作用,但含有TCR恆定鏈(α/β抑或γ/δ)之構築體較佳與其呈雙順反子組態之相應搭配物共同表現:TCRα與TCRβ共同表現且TCRγ與TCRδ共同表現。因此,含有TCRα之構築體有利地與TCRβ共同表現且反之亦然;且含有TCRγ之構築體應與TCRδ共同表現且反之亦然。在TIL及任何其他α-β T細胞之情形下;較佳組態包括TCR γ-δ;且在γ-δ T細胞中,較佳組態包括TCR α-β以使內源性TCR機制及TCR配對之干擾/破壞降至最低。Although CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, and CD3Z act independently, the constructs containing the TCR constant chain (α/β or γ/δ) are preferably co-expressed with their corresponding partners in a bicistronic configuration: TCRα and TCRβ co-express And TCRγ and TCRδ co-express. Thus, constructs containing TCRα advantageously co-express with TCRβ and vice versa; and constructs containing TCRγ should co-express with TCRδ and vice versa. In the case of TILs and any other α-β T cells; the preferred configuration includes TCR γ-δ; and in γ-δ T cells, the preferred configuration includes TCR α-β so that endogenous TCR mechanisms and Interference/disruption of TCR pairing is minimized.
對於CD3D、CD3E、CD3G及CD3Z,宜利用跨膜及細胞外部分。然而,本發明亦涵蓋部分或其全部細胞內組分,其可潛在地使內源性TCR複合體傳訊之破壞降至最低或有助於進一步擴增內源性TCR傳訊。For CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z, the transmembrane and extracellular portions are preferably utilized. However, the present invention also encompasses some or all of the intracellular components that can potentially minimize disruption of endogenous TCR complex signaling or facilitate further amplification of endogenous TCR signaling.
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種嵌合蛋白,其包含簇集域及傳訊域,該傳訊域可含有CD40細胞內域或其傳訊片段。在某些實施例中,簇集域能夠寡聚及/或自我組裝。在某些實施例中,簇集包含形成均二聚體或均三聚體。在某些實施例中,簇集包含使用不同蛋白質進行寡聚以形成異二聚體或異三聚體。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白在傳訊時為組成性的,例如獨立於藉由細胞外配位體進行之受體接合或獨立於藉由連接於不同細胞之細胞外配位體進行之受體接合。在某些實施例中,簇集域包含跨膜域。在某些實施例中,簇集域包含跨膜域且進一步包含促進二聚或寡聚之活化突變。在某些實施例中,簇集域包含細胞外域,諸如(但不限於)受體之細胞外域。在某些實施例中,簇集域包含受體之細胞外域且進一步包含細胞外域中促進二聚或寡聚之活化突變。在某些實施例中,簇集域包含白胺酸拉鏈。在某些實施例中,白胺酸拉鏈包含或構成跨膜域。在某些實施例中,白胺酸拉鏈包含或構成可溶性域。簇集域之非限制性實例包括血小板生成素受體(TpoR)、紅血球生成素受體(EpoR)、生長激素受體(GHR)、血型糖蛋白A (GPA)跨膜域及其活化突變體之簇集域。在某些實施例中,簇集可藉由小分子調節。在某些實施例中,簇集可藉由轉譯後修飾來調節。In another aspect, the present invention provides a chimeric protein comprising a clustering domain and a signaling domain, the signaling domain may contain a CD40 intracellular domain or a signaling fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the clustering domains are capable of oligomerization and/or self-assembly. In certain embodiments, clustering comprises forming homodimers or homotrimers. In certain embodiments, clustering comprises oligomerization using different proteins to form heterodimers or heterotrimers. In certain embodiments, the chimeric protein is constitutive in signaling, eg, independent of receptor engagement by extracellular ligands or independent of extracellular ligands attached to different cells Receptor engagement. In certain embodiments, the clustering domain comprises a transmembrane domain. In certain embodiments, the clustering domain comprises a transmembrane domain and further comprises an activating mutation that promotes dimerization or oligomerization. In certain embodiments, the clustering domain comprises an extracellular domain, such as, but not limited to, an extracellular domain of a receptor. In certain embodiments, the clustering domain comprises the extracellular domain of the receptor and further comprises an activating mutation in the extracellular domain that promotes dimerization or oligomerization. In certain embodiments, the clustering domain comprises a leucine zipper. In certain embodiments, the leucine zipper comprises or constitutes a transmembrane domain. In certain embodiments, the leucine zipper comprises or constitutes a soluble domain. Non-limiting examples of clustering domains include thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR), erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), growth hormone receptor (GHR), glycophorin A (GPA) transmembrane domains and activating mutants thereof the cluster domain. In certain embodiments, clustering can be modulated by small molecules. In certain embodiments, clustering can be modulated by post-translational modification.
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種嵌合蛋白,其包含藉由跨膜域連接至細胞內傳訊域之細胞外配位體結合域。在某些實施例中,細胞外配位體結合域經選擇或經工程改造以結合於細胞外配位體,該細胞外配位體保持嵌合蛋白之兩個或更多個複本彼此接近以使得傳訊域經活化。細胞外配位體結合域被視為特異性結合對(sbp)之一部分且細胞外配位體為特異性結合對之第二部分。在某些實施例中,sbp之一個成員包含蛋白質或其受體或細胞外部分且第二sbp包含對sbp之第一成員具有特異性的結合蛋白。在某些實施例中,細胞外sbp為二價。在某些實施例中,細胞外sbp為三價。細胞外配位體之非限制性實例包括抗體及其二價抗原結合片段。本發明之嵌合蛋白(亦即sbp成員)之細胞外配位體結合域之非限制性實例包括(但不限於) NKG2A、CD27、CD137、GITR、PD-1、PD-L1、FasL、OX40、CTLA4、ICOS、CD40、EGFR、HER2及其細胞外部分。互補sbp成員包括(但不限於):PD1之帕博利珠單抗(pembrolizumab)、HER2之曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、EGFR之西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)、CTLA4之曲美單抗(tremelimumab)、CD27之瓦里木單抗(varlilumab)及CD137之烏瑞魯單抗(urelumab)。在某些實施例中,細胞內傳訊域包含CD40細胞內域或其傳訊片段。In another aspect, the invention provides a chimeric protein comprising an extracellular ligand binding domain linked to an intracellular signaling domain via a transmembrane domain. In certain embodiments, the extracellular ligand binding domain is selected or engineered to bind to an extracellular ligand that holds two or more copies of the chimeric protein in close proximity to each other to Causes the messaging field to be activated. The extracellular ligand binding domain is considered part of a specific binding pair (sbp) and the extracellular ligand is the second part of the specific binding pair. In certain embodiments, one member of the sbp comprises a protein or receptor or extracellular portion thereof and the second sbp comprises a binding protein specific for the first member of the sbp. In certain embodiments, the extracellular sbp is bivalent. In certain embodiments, the extracellular sbp is trivalent. Non-limiting examples of extracellular ligands include antibodies and bivalent antigen-binding fragments thereof. Non-limiting examples of extracellular ligand binding domains of chimeric proteins of the invention (ie, sbp members) include, but are not limited to, NKG2A, CD27, CD137, GITR, PD-1, PD-L1, FasL, OX40 , CTLA4, ICOS, CD40, EGFR, HER2 and their extracellular fractions. Complementary sbp members include (but are not limited to): pembrolizumab for PD1, trastuzumab for HER2, cetuximab for EGFR, tramezumab for CTLA4 ( tremelimumab), varlilumab for CD27, and urelumab for CD137. In certain embodiments, the intracellular signaling domain comprises a CD40 intracellular domain or a signaling fragment thereof.
在本發明之某些實施例中,CD40傳訊域包含SEQ ID NO:154、SEQ ID NO:155或SEQ ID NO:156。在某些實施例中,CD40傳訊片段包含以下、由以下組成或基本上由以下組成:SH3基序(KPTNKAPH、PTNKAPHP或PTNKAPH)、TRAF2基序(PKQE、PKQET、PVQE、PVQET、SVQE、SVQET)、TRAF6基序(QEPQEINFP或QEPQEINFP)、PKA基序(KKPTNKA、SRISVQE)、或其組合,或為全長CD40細胞內域。在某些實施例中,CD40傳訊域之SH3、TRAF2、TRAF6或PKA基序中之一或多者發生突變。在某些實施例中,CD40傳訊域之SH3、TRAF2、TRAF6或PKA基序中之一或多者存在於多個複本中。In certain embodiments of the invention, the CD40 signaling domain comprises SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, or SEQ ID NO:156. In certain embodiments, the CD40 messenger fragment comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of the SH3 motif (KPTNKAPH, PNKAPHP or PNKAPH), the TRAF2 motif (PKQE, PKQET, PVQE, PVQET, SVQE, SVQET) , a TRAF6 motif (QEPQEINFP or QEPQEINFP), a PKA motif (KKPTNKA, SRISVQE), or a combination thereof, or a full-length CD40 intracellular domain. In certain embodiments, one or more of the SH3, TRAF2, TRAF6, or PKA motifs of the CD40 messaging domain are mutated. In certain embodiments, one or more of the SH3, TRAF2, TRAF6, or PKA motifs of the CD40 messaging domain are present in multiple copies.
因此,本發明之目標為本發明內不涵蓋任何先前已知的產品、製造該產品的製程,或使用該產品的方法,使得申請人保留權利且特此揭示任何先前已知產品、製程或方法的免責聲明。另外應注意,本發明不希望在本發明之範疇內涵蓋不符合USPTO (35 U.S.C. §112,第一段)或EPO (EPC之第83章)之書面說明及實現要求的任何產品、製造該產品之製程或使用該產品之方法,使得申請人保留權利且特此揭示任何先前所述產品、製造該產品之製程或使用該產品之方法的免責聲明。本發明之實踐遵循Art. 53(c) EPC以及Rule 28(b)及(c) EPC可為有利的。明確地保留明確地放棄作為本申請案之譜系中或任何其他譜系中或任何第三方之任何先前所申請的申請案中申請人之任何一或多個所授予專利之主題的任何實施例的所有權利。本文中之任何內容不應被視作承諾。Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to exclude any previously known product, process for making the product, or method of using the product within the present invention, so that the applicant reserves the right to hereby disclose any previously known product, process, or method. Disclaimer. It should also be noted that the present invention is not intended to cover within the scope of the present invention any product, manufacture of such product that does not comply with the written description and implementation requirements of the USPTO (35 U.S.C. §112, first paragraph) or the EPO (Chapter 83 of the EPC). process or method of using the product, the applicant reserves the right to hereby disclose any disclaimer of any previously described product, the process of making the product, or the method of using the product. It may be advantageous to follow Art. 53(c) EPC and Rule 28(b) and (c) EPC in the practice of the present invention. All rights that are expressly reserved for any embodiment of the subject matter of any one or more of the applicants in the pedigree of this application or in any other pedigree or any previously filed application of any third party are expressly reserved. . Nothing in this article should be taken as a commitment.
應注意,在本發明中且尤其在申請專利範圍及/或段落中,諸如「包含(comprises/comprised/comprising)」及其類似者之術語可具有美國專利法中賦予其之含義;例如其可意謂「包括(includes/included/including)」及其類似者;且諸如「基本上由……組成(consisting essentially of/consists essentially of)」之術語具有美國專利法中賦予其之含義,例如其允許不明確列舉要素,但排除先前技術中所發現或影響本發明之基本或新穎特徵的要素。It should be noted that in this disclosure, and particularly in the claims and/or paragraphs, terms such as "comprises/comprised/comprising" and the like may have the meanings ascribed to them under US patent law; for example, they may means "includes/included/including" and the like; and terms such as "consisting essentially of/consists essentially of" have the meaning ascribed to them in US patent law, eg Elements that are not explicitly recited are permitted to exclude elements found in the prior art or which affect the essential or novel characteristics of the invention.
此等及其他實施例揭示於以下實施方式中或自以下實施方式為顯而易見的且涵蓋於以下實施方式中。These and other embodiments are disclosed in or apparent from and encompassed by the following description.
相關申請案及以引用的方式併入RELATED APPLICATIONS AND INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
本申請案主張2020年7月17日申請之美國專利申請案第63/053,498號及2021年7月16日申請之美國專利申請案第63/222,916號之優先權,該等申請案之內容以全文引用之方式併入本文中。This application claims priority to US Patent Application Serial No. 63/053,498, filed on July 17, 2020, and US Patent Application Serial No. 63/222,916, filed on July 16, 2021, the contents of which are as follows: Incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
參考2019年1月22日申請之GB專利申請案第1900858.0號、2019年12月20日申請之美國專利申請案第62/951,770號、2020年1月20日申請之國際申請案PCT/GB2020/050120及2020年7月17日申請之美國臨時專利申請案63/053,494。Refer to GB Patent Application No. 1900858.0 filed on January 22, 2019, US Patent Application No. 62/951,770 filed on December 20, 2019, and International Application PCT/GB2020/ filed on January 20, 2020 050120 and US Provisional Patent Application 63/053,494, filed July 17, 2020.
前述申請案,及其中或在其審查期間所引用之所有文獻(「申請案引用文獻」),及申請案引用文獻中所引用或參考之所有文獻,及本文中所引用或參考之所有文獻(「本文引用文獻」),及本文引用文獻中所引用或參考之所有文獻,以及本文中或以引用方式併入本文中之任何文獻中所提及之任何產品的任何製造商說明書、描述、產品規格及產品介紹,皆以引用之方式特此併入本文中,且可用於本發明之實踐。更特定而言,所有參考文獻均以引用方式併入,其併入程度如同各個別文獻經特定且個別指示以引用方式併入一般。The aforementioned applications, and all documents cited therein or during the prosecution of them ("Application citations"), and all documents cited or referenced in the application citations, and all documents cited or referenced herein ( "Documents cited herein"), and all documents cited or referenced in the documents cited herein, and any manufacturer's instructions, descriptions, products of any product mentioned herein or in any document incorporated by reference herein Specifications and product descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference and may be used in the practice of the present invention. More specifically, all references are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
如本文所用,「全長蛋白」或「全長受體」係指受體蛋白,諸如CD40受體蛋白。術語「全長」涵蓋如下受體蛋白:一旦其信號肽裂解,其在成熟受體蛋白之N端處缺乏至多約5個或至多10個胺基酸,例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10個胺基酸。舉例而言,雖然受體N端信號肽之特異性裂解位點可經限定,但已觀測到準確裂解點之可變性。術語「全長」並不暗示受體N端信號肽之胺基酸的存在或不存在。在一個實施例中,術語「全長」(例如根據本發明之某些態樣的全長CD28或全長CD40細胞內域)涵蓋缺乏N端信號肽之成熟受體蛋白(例如根據本發明之某些態樣的CD28),一旦其信號肽已裂解,其在成熟受體蛋白之N端處缺乏至多約5個,例如1、2、3、4、5個或至多10個胺基酸。如上文所提及,根據本發明之各種態樣的「全長」CD28受體或其他受體或TCR簇集域不包括信號肽且在成熟受體蛋白之N端(例如N端殘基N、K、I、L及/或V)處可能缺乏至多約5個,例如1、2、3、4、5個或至多10個胺基酸。此顯示於例示性融合物(例如SEQ ID No. 4-12)中(應注意,此等融合物在成熟受體蛋白之N端處可能缺乏至多約5個,例如1、2、3、4、5個或至多10個胺基酸,如加框區域中所示)。As used herein, "full-length protein" or "full-length receptor" refers to a receptor protein, such as the CD40 receptor protein. The term "full-length" encompasses receptor proteins which, upon cleavage of their signal peptide, lack up to about 5 or up to 10 amino acids at the N-terminus of the mature receptor protein, eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acids. For example, although the specific cleavage site for the receptor N-terminal signal peptide can be defined, variability in the exact cleavage site has been observed. The term "full length" does not imply the presence or absence of amino acids of the receptor's N-terminal signal peptide. In one embodiment, the term "full-length" (eg, full-length CD28 or full-length CD40 intracellular domain according to certain aspects of the invention) encompasses mature receptor proteins that lack an N-terminal signal peptide (eg, according to certain aspects of the invention) (like CD28), once its signal peptide has been cleaved, it lacks up to about 5, eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or up to 10 amino acids at the N-terminus of the mature receptor protein. As mentioned above, a "full-length" CD28 receptor or other receptor or TCR cluster domain according to various aspects of the invention does not include a signal peptide and is N-terminal to the mature receptor protein (eg N-terminal residues N, Up to about 5, eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or up to 10 amino acids may be absent at K, I, L and/or V). This is shown in exemplary fusions (eg SEQ ID No. 4-12) (it should be noted that these fusions may lack up to about 5 at the N-terminus of the mature receptor protein,
本發明之嵌合蛋白可包含TCR簇集域以及傳訊域,該傳訊域有利地可以包含CD40細胞內域。The chimeric protein of the present invention may comprise a TCR clustering domain and a signaling domain, which may advantageously comprise a CD40 intracellular domain.
TCR簇集域可有利地包含一或多種通常發現於TCR複合體中之蛋白質。有利地,TCR簇集域可包含CD3D、CD3E、CD3G或CD3Z或其部分。The TCR clustering domain may advantageously comprise one or more proteins normally found in the TCR complex. Advantageously, the TCR clustering domain may comprise CD3D, CD3E, CD3G or CD3Z or parts thereof.
由CD3D基因編碼之CD3D抗原δ多肽(TiT3複合體)為T細胞受體/CD3複合體(TCR/CD3複合體)之一部分且參與T細胞發育及信號轉導。所編碼之膜蛋白表示CD3複合體之δ次單位且連同四個其他CD3次單位,其結合TCR α/β或TCR γ/δ以在T細胞表面上形成TCR/CD3複合體。此基因中之缺陷為體染色體隱性T細胞陰性/B細胞陽性/NK細胞陽性的嚴重合併性免疫缺失病(SCIDBNK)之病因。已發現此基因之兩種編碼兩種不同同功異型物之轉錄變異體。亦可存在其他變異體,但其轉錄物之全長性質尚待定義。參見例如annotation release 109.20200522 Assembly GRCh38.p13 (GRCh38.p13)。The CD3D antigen delta polypeptide (TiT3 complex) encoded by the CD3D gene is part of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3 complex) and is involved in T cell development and signal transduction. The encoded membrane protein represents the delta subunit of the CD3 complex and, along with four other CD3 subunits, binds TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta to form the TCR/CD3 complex on the T cell surface. Defects in this gene are the cause of somatic recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell-positive severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCIDBNK). Two transcript variants of this gene have been found encoding two different isoforms. Other variants may also exist, but the full-length nature of their transcripts has yet to be defined. See eg annotation release 109.20200522 Assembly GRCh38.p13 (GRCh38.p13).
由CD3E基因編碼之CD3E抗原ε多肽(TiT3複合體)為CD3-ε多肽,其連同CD3-γ、CD3-δ及CD3-ζ與T細胞受體α/β及γ/δ異二聚體形成T細胞受體-CD3複合體。此複合體在將抗原識別偶合至若干細胞內信號轉導路徑中起重要作用。編碼ε、γ及δ多肽之基因位於染色體11上之同一簇中。ε多肽在T細胞發育中起重要作用。關於mRNA序列參見例如寄存編號NM_000733及NM_007648,且關於蛋白質序列參見寄存編號NP_000724及NP_031674。The CD3E antigen ε polypeptide (TiT3 complex) encoded by the CD3E gene is the CD3-ε polypeptide, which together with CD3-γ, CD3-δ and CD3-ζ forms heterodimers with T cell receptors α/β and γ/δ T cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signaling pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. ε polypeptides play an important role in T cell development. See, eg, Accession Nos. NM_000733 and NM_007648 for mRNA sequences, and Accession Nos. NP_000724 and NP_031674 for protein sequences.
CD3G抗原γ多肽(TiT3複合體)由CD3G基因編碼。CD3G (γ鏈)為形成CD3之四種肽(γ、δ、ε及ζ)中之一者。CD3G中之缺陷與T細胞免疫缺陷相關。關於mRNA序列參見例如寄存編號NM_000073及NM_009850,且關於蛋白質序列參見寄存編號NP_000064及NP_033980。The CD3G antigen gamma polypeptide (TiT3 complex) is encoded by the CD3G gene. CD3G (gamma chain) is one of the four peptides (gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta) that form CD3. Deficiencies in CD3G are associated with T cell immunodeficiency. See, eg, Accession Nos. NM_000073 and NM_009850 for mRNA sequences, and Accession Nos. NP_000064 and NP_033980 for protein sequences.
CD3Z抗原ζ多肽(TiT3複合體)由CD3Z編碼。醣蛋白CD3 ζ鏈亦稱為T細胞受體T3 ζ鏈或CD247 (分化簇247)。T細胞受體ζ (ζ)以及T細胞受體α/β及γ/δ異二聚體及CD3-γ、CD3-δ及CD3-ε形成T細胞受體-CD3複合體ξ鏈在將抗原識別偶合至若干細胞內信號轉導路徑中起重要作用。抗原之低表現導致免疫反應減弱。已發現此基因之編碼不同同功異型物之兩種替代剪接轉錄變異體。CD247已顯示出與Janus激酶3及蛋白unc-119同系物相互作用。關於mRNA序列參見例如寄存編號NM_000734、NM_198053、NM_001378515、NM_001378516、NM_001113391、NM_001113392、NM_001113393、NM_001113394及NM_031162,且關於蛋白質序列參見寄存編號NP_000725、NP_932170、NP_001365444、NP_001365445、NP_112439.1、NP_001106862.1、NP_001106862、NP_001106863及NP_001106864。The CD3Z antigen zeta polypeptide (TiT3 complex) is encoded by CD3Z. The glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain is also known as the T cell receptor T3 zeta chain or CD247 (cluster of differentiation 247). T cell receptor ζ (ζ) and T cell receptor α/β and γ/δ heterodimers and CD3-γ, CD3-δ and CD3-ε form a T cell receptor-CD3 complex ξ chain in the antigen Recognition plays an important role in coupling to several intracellular signaling pathways. Low expression of the antigen leads to a weakened immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding different isoforms have been found. CD247 has been shown to interact with Janus kinase 3 and the homolog of the protein unc-119.關於mRNA序列參見例如寄存編號NM_000734、NM_198053、NM_001378515、NM_001378516、NM_001113391、NM_001113392、NM_001113393、NM_001113394及NM_031162,且關於蛋白質序列參見寄存編號NP_000725、NP_932170、NP_001365444、NP_001365445、NP_112439.1、NP_001106862.1、NP_001106862、 NP_001106863 and NP_001106864.
CD3 η (η)為編碼CD3 ζ之基因的替代剪接產物(Clayton等人1991 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 88, 5202-5206)並具有23 kDa之表觀分子量(Orloff等人1989 Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 14812-14817)。CD3 ζ主要以均二聚體形式發現,但發現CD3 ζ之一部分(約10%)與CD3 η複合形成異二聚體且認為此形式賦予不同傳訊特性(Orloff等人1989 Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 14812-14817)。CD3 n (n) is the alternative splicing product of the gene encoding CD3 zeta (Clayton et al 1991 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 88, 5202-5206) and has an apparent molecular weight of 23 kDa (Orloff et al 1989 Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 14812-14817). CD3 zeta is primarily found in a homodimeric form, but a portion (about 10%) of CD3 zeta was found to complex with CD3 zeta to form a heterodimer and this form is thought to confer distinct signaling properties (Orloff et al. 1989 Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 14812-14817).
TCR簇集域可包含TCR α (TCRα)、TCR β (TCRβ)、TCR γ (TCRγ)或TCR δ(TCRδ)之恆定鏈或其一部分。代表性基因座資訊提供於下文:
術語「T細胞受體」或「TCR」係指由T細胞表面上配對的αβ或γδ鏈構成之異二聚體受體。各α、β、γ及δ鏈由兩個Ig樣域構成:經由互補決定區(CDR)賦予抗原識別之可變域(V),隨後為藉由連接肽及跨膜(TM)區錨定至細胞膜的恆定域(C)。TM區與CD3傳訊設備之恆定次單位結合。V域中之每一者具有三個CDR。此等CDR與結合至由主要組織相容複合體(pMHC)編碼之蛋白質的抗原肽之間的複合體相互作用(Davis及Bjorkman (1988) Nature, 334, 395-402;Davis等人.(1998) Annu Rev Immunol, 16, 523-544;Murphy (2012), xix, 第868頁)。The term "T cell receptor" or "TCR" refers to a heterodimeric receptor composed of paired αβ or γδ chains on the surface of T cells. Each alpha, beta, gamma and delta chain is composed of two Ig-like domains: a variable domain (V) conferring antigen recognition via complementarity determining regions (CDRs), followed by anchoring via linker peptide and transmembrane (TM) regions to the constant domain (C) of the cell membrane. The TM region is combined with the constant subunit of the CD3 messaging device. Each of the V domains has three CDRs. Complex interactions between these CDRs and antigenic peptides bound to proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) (Davis and Bjorkman (1988) Nature, 334, 395-402; Davis et al. (1998) ) Annu Rev Immunol, 16, 523-544; Murphy (2012), xix, p. 868).
適用於本發明之嵌合蛋白的共刺激受體受體蛋白包括(但不限於) CD2、CD9、CD26、CD27、CD28、CD29、CD38、CD40、CD43、CD46、CD49d、CD55、CD73、CD81、CD82、CD99、CD100、CD134(OX40)、CD137(41BB)、CD150 (SLAM)、CD270 (HVEM)、CD278 (ICOS)、CD357 (GITR)或EphB6,其以天然形式包含細胞外配位體結合域及細胞內信號轉導域。舉例而言,CD2表徵為在T細胞表面上發現之細胞黏附分子且能夠起始T細胞活化所需之細胞內信號。CD27表徵為屬於TNFR超家族(TNFRSF)之II型跨膜醣蛋白,其在B細胞上之表現由B細胞中之抗原受體活化誘導。CD28為T細胞上之一種蛋白質且為抗原呈現細胞上CD80 (B7.1)及CD86 (B7.2)配位體之受體。CD137 (4-1BB)配位體見於大部分白細胞及一些非免疫細胞上。OX40配位體表現於許多抗原呈現細胞(諸如DC2 (樹突狀細胞)、巨噬細胞及B淋巴球)上。在一個實施例中,共刺激受體蛋白為如本文所定義之全長CD28。Costimulatory receptor receptor proteins suitable for use in the chimeric proteins of the present invention include, but are not limited to, CD2, CD9, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD38, CD40, CD43, CD46, CD49d, CD55, CD73, CD81, CD82, CD99, CD100, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (41BB), CD150 (SLAM), CD270 (HVEM), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR) or EphB6, which contain the extracellular ligand binding domain in their native form and intracellular signal transduction domains. For example, CD2 is characterized as a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and capable of initiating intracellular signals required for T cell activation. CD27 is characterized as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF) whose expression on B cells is induced by antigen receptor activation in B cells. CD28 is a protein on T cells and is the receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) ligands on antigen presenting cells. CD137 (4-1BB) ligands are found on most leukocytes and some non-immune cells. OX40 ligands are expressed on many antigen presenting cells such as DC2 (dendritic cells), macrophages and B lymphocytes. In one embodiment, the costimulatory receptor protein is full-length CD28 as defined herein.
CD40為腫瘤壞死因子受體(TNFR)超家族之成員且數種同功異型物係由替代性剪接產生。其配位體CD154 (亦稱為CD40L)為主要表現於經活化T細胞上之蛋白質。為供參考,人類CD40同功異型物1蛋白質序列係載於GenBank寄存編號NP_001241.1中,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-20)、跨膜域(胺基酸194-215)及細胞質域(胺基酸216-277) (SEQ ID NO: 22)。CD40受體傳訊涉及轉接蛋白,其包括(但不限於) TNF受體相關因子(TRAF),且細胞質域包含傳訊組分,包括但不限於SH3基序(KPTNKAPH)、TRAF2基序(PKQE、PVQE、SVQE)、TRAF6基序(QEPQEINFP)及PKA基序(KKPTNKA、SRISVQE)。結合至TRAF1、TRAF2、TRAF3及TRAF5之另外的基序包含主要共同序列(P/S/A/T)X(Q/E)E或次要共同序列PXQXXD,且可鑑別於TNFR家族成員(諸如但不限於CD30、Ox40、4-1BB及EBV致癌蛋白LMP1)中或自其獲得。(參見例如Ye, H等人,
The Structural Basis for the Recognition of Diverse Receptor Sequences by TRAF2. Molecular Cell, 1999; 4(3):321-30. doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80334-2; Park HH,
Structure of TRAF Family: Current Understanding of Receptor Recognition. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9:1999. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01999)。
CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and several isoforms are produced by alternative splicing. Its ligand CD154 (also known as CD40L) is a protein predominantly expressed on activated T cells. For reference, the
本文中所揭示之實例展現CD40作為傳訊域之操作且進一步展現細胞介素及趨化介素表現概況藉由傳訊域選擇改變。就此而言,本發明之CD40傳訊域提供不同的及重疊的由不同的因子結合位點誘導之反應。(參見例如Ahonen, CL等人, The CD40-TRAF6 axis controls affinity maturation and the generation of long-lived plasma cells. Nat Immunol. 2002; 3: 451-456; Mackey MF等人, Distinct contributions of different CD40 TRAF binding sites to CD154-induced dendritic cell maturation and IL-12 secretion. Eur J Immunol. 2003; 33: 779-789; Mukundan等人, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 is an essential mediator of CD40-activated proinflammatory pathways in monocytes and macrophages. J Immunol. 2005; 174: 1081-1090)。 The examples disclosed herein demonstrate the operation of CD40 as a signaling domain and further demonstrate that the interleukin and chemokine performance profiles are altered by signaling domain selection. In this regard, the CD40 signaling domains of the present invention provide distinct and overlapping responses induced by distinct factor binding sites. (See eg, Ahonen, CL et al., The CD40-TRAF6 axis controls affinity maturation and the generation of long-lived plasma cells . Nat Immunol. 2002; 3: 451-456; Mackey MF et al., Distinct contributions of different CD40 TRAF binding sites to CD154-induced dendritic cell maturation and IL-12 secretion . Eur J Immunol. 2003; 33: 779-789; Mukundan et al., TNF receptor-associated factor 6 is an essential mediator of CD40-activated proinflammatory pathways in monocytes and macrophages . J Immunol. 2005; 174: 1081-1090).
在某些實施例中,本發明之嵌合蛋白包含實質上全部CD40共刺激域。在某些實施例中,本發明之嵌合蛋白包含兩個或更多個CD40共刺激域。在某些實施例中,本發明之嵌合蛋白包含CD40共刺激域傳訊組分或基序,包括(但不限於) SH3基序(KPTNKAPH)、TRAF2基序(PKQE、PVQE、SVQE)、TRAF3基序、TRAF6基序(QEPQEINFP)或PKA基序(KKPTNKA,SRISVQE)以及兩個或更多個、或三個或更多個、或四個或多個此類組分或基序,其可在多個複本中且按任何次序排列。在某些實施例中,本發明之嵌合蛋白包含CD40共刺激域及CD40共刺激域傳訊組分或基序。In certain embodiments, the chimeric proteins of the invention comprise substantially all of the CD40 costimulatory domain. In certain embodiments, the chimeric proteins of the invention comprise two or more CD40 costimulatory domains. In certain embodiments, the chimeric proteins of the invention comprise CD40 costimulatory domain signaling components or motifs, including but not limited to SH3 motif (KPTNKAPH), TRAF2 motif (PKQE, PVQE, SVQE), TRAF3 motif, TRAF6 motif (QEPQEINFP) or PKA motif (KKPTNKA, SRISVQE) and two or more, or three or more, or four or more such components or motifs, which may in multiple replicas and in any order. In certain embodiments, the chimeric proteins of the invention comprise a CD40 costimulatory domain and a CD40 costimulatory domain signaling component or motif.
在某些實施例中,一或多種共刺激域傳訊組分或基序之選擇係由其中表現嵌合蛋白之細胞及/或與傳訊組分或基序更緊密相關之所需共刺激活性,或避免與傳訊組分或基序更緊密相關之共刺激活性來引導。In certain embodiments, the selection of one or more costimulatory domain signaling components or motifs is determined by the desired costimulatory activity of the cell in which the chimeric protein is expressed and/or more closely associated with the signaling components or motifs, Or avoid co-stimulatory activities more closely related to signaling components or motifs.
在某些實施例中,除了CD40共刺激域或其傳訊組分或基序、或兩個或更多個此類域或組分或基序或其組合之外,嵌合蛋白傳訊域亦包含另一全長共刺激域或其傳訊組分,其來自(但不限於) CD2、CD9、CD26、CD27、CD28、CD29、CD38、CD40、CD43、CD46、CD49d、CD55、CD73、CD81、CD82、CD99、CD100、CD134 (OX40)、CD137 (41BB)、CD150 (SLAM)、CD270 (HVEM)、CD278 (ICOS)、CD357 (GITR)或EphB6。In certain embodiments, in addition to the CD40 costimulatory domain, or a signaling component or motif thereof, or two or more such domains or components or motifs, or a combination thereof, the chimeric protein signaling domain also includes Another full-length costimulatory domain or signaling component thereof, derived from, but not limited to, CD2, CD9, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD38, CD40, CD43, CD46, CD49d, CD55, CD73, CD81, CD82, CD99 , CD100, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (41BB), CD150 (SLAM), CD270 (HVEM), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR) or EphB6.
為供參考,人類CD28蛋白質序列係載於GenBank寄存編號NP_006130.1中,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-18)、細胞外域(胺基酸19-152)、跨膜域(胺基酸153-179)及細胞質域(胺基酸180-200)。細胞外域包括免疫球蛋白型域(胺基酸21-136),其含有構成抗原結合位點之胺基酸及形成均二聚體界面之胺基酸。細胞外域包括可經糖基化之若干天冬醯胺殘基,且細胞內域包含經磷酸化之絲胺酸及酪胺酸殘基。For reference, the human CD28 protein sequence is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_006130.1, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-18), the extracellular domain (amino acids 19-152), the transmembrane domain (amino acids 153) -179) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 180-200). The extracellular domain includes an immunoglobulin-type domain (amino acids 21-136), which contains amino acids that constitute the antigen binding site and amino acids that form a homodimer interface. The extracellular domain includes several asparagine residues that can be glycosylated, and the intracellular domain includes phosphorylated serine and tyrosine residues.
作為參考,人類CD8 α鏈蛋白質序列係GenBank寄存編號NP_001139345.1所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-21)、細胞外域(胺基酸22-182)、跨膜域(胺基酸183-203)及細胞質域(胺基酸204-235)。細胞外域包括免疫球蛋白型域(胺基酸28-128),其含有構成抗原結合位點之胺基酸及形成均二聚體界面之胺基酸。細胞外域包括可經糖基化之若干天冬醯胺殘基,且細胞內域包含經磷酸化之絲胺酸及酪胺酸殘基。For reference, the human CD8 alpha chain protein sequence is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_001139345.1, including signal peptide (amino acids 1-21), extracellular domain (amino acids 22-182), transmembrane domain (amino acid 183) -203) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 204-235). The extracellular domain includes an immunoglobulin-type domain (amino acids 28-128), which contains amino acids that constitute the antigen-binding site and amino acids that form a homodimer interface. The extracellular domain includes several asparagine residues that can be glycosylated, and the intracellular domain includes phosphorylated serine and tyrosine residues.
為供參考,人類IgG4恆定區序列係載於UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:寄存編號P01861.1中,包括CH1 (胺基酸1-98)、鉸鏈(胺基酸99-110)、CH2 (胺基酸111-220)、CH3 (胺基酸221-327)。CH2區包括胺基酸177處之天冬醯胺,其經糖基化且與Fc受體及抗體依賴性細胞介導之細胞毒性(ADCC)相關。For reference, the human IgG4 constant region sequences are contained in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Accession No. P01861.1, including CH1 (amino acids 1-98), hinge (amino acids 99-110), CH2 (amino acids 99-110) acid 111-220), CH3 (amino acid 221-327). The CH2 region includes asparagine at amino acid 177, which is glycosylated and associated with Fc receptors and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
為供參考,人類CD137 (41BB),另一TNFR超家族成員之蛋白質序列係GenBank寄存編號NP_001552.2所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-23)、胞外域(胺基酸24-186)、跨膜域(胺基酸187-213)及細胞質域(胺基酸214-255)。For reference, the protein sequence of human CD137 (41BB), another TNFR superfamily member, is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_001552.2, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-23), the extracellular domain (amino acids 24-186 ), the transmembrane domain (amino acids 187-213), and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 214-255).
為供參考,人類CD134 (OX40)蛋白質序列係載於GenBank寄存編號NP_003318.1中,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-28)、細胞外域(胺基酸29-214)、跨膜域(胺基酸215-235)及細胞質域(胺基酸236-277)。此受體已展示為經由其與轉接蛋白TRAF2及TRAF5之相互作用活化NF-κB,且研究表明此受體促進細胞凋亡抑制劑BCL2及BCL2lL1/BCL2-XL之表現。For reference, the human CD134 (OX40) protein sequence is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_003318.1, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-28), the extracellular domain (amino acids 29-214), the transmembrane domain (amino acids 29-214) amino acids 215-235) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 236-277). This receptor has been shown to activate NF-κB through its interaction with the adaptor proteins TRAF2 and TRAF5, and studies have shown that this receptor promotes the expression of apoptosis inhibitors BCL2 and BCL21L1/BCL2-XL.
人類T細胞表面抗原CD2具有至少兩種同功異型物。為供參考,人類CD2同功異型物1蛋白質序列係由NP_001315538.1所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-24)、細胞外域(胺基酸25-235)、跨膜域(胺基酸236-261)及細胞質域(胺基酸262-377)。人類CD2同功異型物2蛋白質序列係由NP_001758.2所載。The human T cell surface antigen CD2 has at least two isoforms. For reference, the
為供參考,人類CD357 (GITR)同功異型物-1蛋白質序列係由GenBank寄存編號NP_004186.1所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-25)、細胞外域(胺基酸26-162)、跨膜域(胺基酸163-183)及細胞質域(胺基酸184-241)。For reference, the human CD357 (GITR) isoform-1 protein sequence is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_004186.1, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-25), the extracellular domain (amino acids 26-162) , the transmembrane domain (amino acids 163-183) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 184-241).
為供參考,人類CD29 (β1整合素)蛋白質序列係由GenBank寄存編號NP_596867所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-20)、細胞外域(胺基酸21-728)、跨膜域(胺基酸729-751)及細胞質域(胺基酸752-798)。For reference, the human CD29 (β1 integrin) protein sequence is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_596867, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-20), the extracellular domain (amino acids 21-728), the transmembrane domain (amino acids 21-728) amino acids 729-751) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 752-798).
人類CD150 (SLAM)蛋白質序列具有數種同功異型物。除CD150之跨膜形式(mCD150)以外,造血譜系之細胞表現編碼CD150之分泌形式(sCD150)的mRNA,該sCD150缺乏30個胺基酸之整個跨膜區。為供參考,人類SLAM同功異型物b係GenBank寄存編號NP_003028.1所載,包括信號肽(胺基酸1-20)、細胞外域(胺基酸21-237)、跨膜域(胺基酸238-258)及細胞質域(胺基酸259-335)。人類SLAM同功異型物a係GenBank寄存編號NP_001317683.1所載。The human CD150 (SLAM) protein sequence has several isoforms. In addition to the transmembrane form of CD150 (mCD150), cells of the hematopoietic lineage express mRNA encoding the secreted form of CD150 (sCD150), which lacks the entire transmembrane region of 30 amino acids. For reference, the human SLAM isoform b is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_003028.1, including the signal peptide (amino acids 1-20), the extracellular domain (amino acids 21-237), the transmembrane domain (amino acids 21-237) acid 238-258) and the cytoplasmic domain (amino acid 259-335). The human SLAM isoform a is contained in GenBank Accession No. NP_001317683.1.
在本發明之實施例中,嵌合蛋白可在具有治療活性之治療性細胞群體(例如腫瘤浸潤性淋巴球(TIL))中之啟動子的控制下經單獨表現。或者,嵌合蛋白可連同治療性轉殖基因(諸如嵌合抗原受體(CAR)及/或T細胞受體(TCR))一起表現。適合的TCR及CAR在文獻中已係熟知的,例如HLA-A*02-NYESO-1特異性TCR (Rapoport等人Nat Med 2015)或抗CD19scFv.CD3ζ融合CAR (Kochenderfer等人 J Clin Oncol 2015),其分別已成功地用於治療骨髓瘤或B細胞惡性病。本文所描述之嵌合蛋白可用任何已知CAR或TCR表現,由此提供具有可調節的生長開關的細胞,以允許細胞在活體外或活體內擴增,且針對抗癌活性提供呈TCR或CAR形式之習知活化機制。因此,本發明提供一種用於過繼細胞療法之細胞,其包含如本文所描述之嵌合蛋白及特異性結合於腫瘤相關抗原之TCR及/或CAR。包含CD28之例示性嵌合蛋白包括細胞外抗原結合域以及細胞外跨膜域及細胞內傳訊域。In embodiments of the invention, the chimeric protein can be expressed alone under the control of a promoter in a therapeutically active population of therapeutic cells, such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Alternatively, the chimeric protein can be expressed in conjunction with a therapeutically transgenic gene, such as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and/or a T cell receptor (TCR). Suitable TCRs and CARs are well known in the literature, such as HLA-A*02-NYESO-1 specific TCRs (Rapoport et al. Nat Med 2015) or anti-CD19scFv.CD3ζ fusion CARs (Kochenderfer et al. J Clin Oncol 2015) , which have been successfully used to treat myeloma or B-cell malignancies, respectively. The chimeric proteins described herein can be expressed with any known CAR or TCR, thereby providing cells with tunable growth switches to allow cell expansion in vitro or in vivo, and provide TCR or CAR for anticancer activity Mechanisms of learned activation of form. Accordingly, the present invention provides a cell for adoptive cell therapy comprising a chimeric protein as described herein and a TCR and/or CAR that specifically binds to a tumor-associated antigen. Exemplary chimeric proteins comprising CD28 include the extracellular antigen binding domain as well as the extracellular transmembrane and intracellular signaling domains.
本發明之嵌合蛋白視情況包含TCR簇集域與共刺激受體之間的間隔區。如本文所用,術語「間隔子」係指嵌合蛋白之細胞外結構區,其將嵌合蛋白之TCR簇集域與傳訊域分離。在某些實施例中,採用長間隔子例如靶向近膜抗原決定基或經糖基化之抗原(參見Guest R.D.等人,The role of extracellular spacer regions in the optimal design of chimeric immune receptors: evaluation of four different scFvs and antigens. J. Immunother. 2005;28:203-211; Wilkie S.等人,Retargeting of human T cells to tumor-associated MUC1: the evolution of a chimeric antigen receptor. J. Immunol. 2008;180:4901-4909)。在其他實施例中,嵌合蛋白具有短間隔子,例如以靶向遠膜抗原決定基(參見Hudecek M.等人,Receptor affinity and extracellular domain modifications affect tumor recognition by ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 2013;19:3153-3164; Hudecek M.等人,The nonsignalling extracellular spacer domain of chimeric antigen receptors is decisive for in vivo antitumor activity. Cancer Immunol. Res. 2015;3:125-135)。在某些實施例中,間隔子包含IgG鉸鏈之全部或一部分或衍生自IgG鉸鏈,包括(但不限於) IgG1、IgG2或IgG4。「衍生自Ig鉸鏈」意指在IgG鉸鏈中包含插入、缺失或突變之間隔子。在某些實施例中,間隔子可以包含一或多個抗體恆定域之全部或一部分,諸如(但不限於) CH2及/或CH3域。在某些實施例中,在包含CH2域之全部或一部分之間隔子中,CH2域經修飾以免結合於Fc受體。舉例而言,已發現骨髓細胞中之Fc受體結合會削弱CAR T細胞功能性。在某些實施例中,間隔子包含來自CD28、CD8或包含鉸鏈區之其他蛋白質之Ig樣鉸鏈的全部或一部分。在包含間隔子之本發明之某些實施例中,間隔子之長度為1及50個胺基酸。The chimeric proteins of the present invention optionally comprise a spacer region between the TCR clustering domain and the costimulatory receptor. As used herein, the term "spacer" refers to the extracellular domain of a chimeric protein that separates the TCR clustering domain from the signaling domain of the chimeric protein. In certain embodiments, long spacers are employed, eg, targeting juxtamembrane epitopes or glycosylated antigens (see Guest R.D. et al., The role of extracellular spacer regions in the optimal design of chimeric immune receptors: evaluation of four different scFvs and antigens. J. Immunother. 2005;28:203-211; Wilkie S. et al., Retargeting of human T cells to tumor-associated MUC1: the evolution of a chimeric antigen receptor. J. Immunol. 2008;180 :4901-4909). In other embodiments, the chimeric protein has a short spacer, e.g., to target far membrane epitopes (see Hudecek M. et al., Receptor affinity and extracellular domain modifications affect tumor recognition by ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 2013;19:3153-3164; Hudecek M. et al., The nonsignalling extracellular spacer domain of chimeric antigen receptors is decisive for in vivo antitumor activity. Cancer Immunol. Res. 2015;3:125-135). In certain embodiments, the spacer comprises all or a portion of an IgG hinge or is derived from an IgG hinge, including but not limited to IgGl, IgG2, or IgG4. "Derived from an Ig hinge" means comprising an inserted, deleted or mutated spacer in the IgG hinge. In certain embodiments, the spacer may comprise all or a portion of one or more antibody constant domains, such as, but not limited to, CH2 and/or CH3 domains. In certain embodiments, in the spacer comprising all or a portion of the CH2 domain, the CH2 domain is modified so as not to bind to the Fc receptor. For example, Fc receptor binding in myeloid cells has been found to impair CAR T cell functionality. In certain embodiments, the spacer comprises all or a portion of an Ig-like hinge from CD28, CD8, or other proteins comprising a hinge region. In certain embodiments of the invention comprising spacers, the spacers are 1 and 50 amino acids in length.
在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白細胞外域包含連接子。連接子包含用於連接域(例如結合域)與間隔子或跨膜域之短運轉胺基酸。為了結合配位體之靈活性,配位體結合域通常將藉由包含約5至25個胺基酸之柔性連接子(諸如AAAGSGGSG或GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS)連接至間隔子或跨膜域。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白包含藉由連接子且在無間隔子之情況下直接接合至傳訊域之TCR簇集域。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白包含藉由間隔子且在無連接子的情況下直接接合至跨膜之結合域。In certain embodiments, the chimeric protein extracellular domain comprises a linker. Linkers comprise short-running amino acids used to link domains (eg, binding domains) to spacers or transmembrane domains. For flexibility in binding the ligand, the ligand binding domain will typically be attached to the spacer or transmembrane domain by a flexible linker comprising about 5 to 25 amino acids, such as AAAGSGGSG or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS. In certain embodiments, the chimeric protein comprises a TCR clustering domain joined directly to the signaling domain by a linker and without a spacer. In certain embodiments, the chimeric protein comprises a binding domain directly joined to a transmembrane via a spacer and without a linker.
如上文所論述,在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白包含全長初級共刺激受體,其可包含(但不限於) CD2、CD9、CD26、CD27、CD28、CD29、CD38、CD40、CD43、CD46、CD49d、CD55、CD73、CD81、CD82、CD99、CD100、CD134 (OX40)、CD137 (41BB)、CD150 (SLAM)、CD270 (HVEM)、CD278 (ICOS)、CD357 (GITR)或EphB6的細胞外配位體結合部分及細胞內傳訊部分。在其他實施例中,嵌合蛋白例如可包含前述蛋白質中之一者的細胞外配位體結合域及前述蛋白質中之另一者的細胞內傳訊域。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白之傳訊部分包含單一傳訊域。在其他實施例中,嵌合蛋白之傳訊部分包含第二細胞內傳訊域,諸如(但不限於):CD2、CD27、CD28、CD40、CD134 (OX40)、CD137 (4-1BB)、CD150 (SLAM)。在某些實施例中,第一及第二細胞內傳訊域相同。在其他實施例中,第一及第二細胞內傳訊域不同。在某些實施例中,共刺激受體能夠二聚。在不受理論束縛之情況下,認為嵌合蛋白與其他輔助分子二聚或締合以引發信號。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白經由跨膜域相互作用與輔助分子二聚或締合。在某些實施例中,藉由共刺激受體之細胞內部分及/或細胞外部分中之共刺激受體相互作用輔助與輔助分子二聚或締合。As discussed above, in certain embodiments, the chimeric protein comprises a full-length primary costimulatory receptor, which can include, but is not limited to, CD2, CD9, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD38, CD40, CD43, CD46 , CD49d, CD55, CD73, CD81, CD82, CD99, CD100, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (41BB), CD150 (SLAM), CD270 (HVEM), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR) or extracellular ligands of EphB6 Body binding part and intracellular signaling part. In other embodiments, the chimeric protein may comprise, for example, the extracellular ligand binding domain of one of the foregoing proteins and the intracellular signaling domain of another of the foregoing proteins. In certain embodiments, the signaling portion of the chimeric protein comprises a single signaling domain. In other embodiments, the signaling portion of the chimeric protein comprises a second intracellular signaling domain such as (but not limited to): CD2, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (4-1BB), CD150 (SLAM ). In certain embodiments, the first and second intracellular signaling domains are the same. In other embodiments, the first and second intracellular signaling domains are different. In certain embodiments, costimulatory receptors are capable of dimerization. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the chimeric protein dimerizes or associates with other accessory molecules to initiate the signal. In certain embodiments, the chimeric protein dimerizes or associates with accessory molecules via transmembrane domain interactions. In certain embodiments, dimerization or association with an accessory molecule is aided by co-stimulatory receptor interactions in the intracellular portion and/or the extracellular portion of the co-stimulatory receptor.
儘管跨膜之主要功能係將嵌合蛋白錨定於T細胞膜中,但在某些實施例中,跨膜域影響嵌合蛋白功能。在某些實施例中,跨膜域由全長初級共刺激受體域構成。在其中嵌合蛋白構築體包含一種受體之細胞外域及第二受體之細胞內傳訊域的本發明之實施例中,跨膜域可為細胞外域或細胞內域之跨膜域。在某些實施例中,跨膜域來自CD4、CD8α、CD28或ICOS。Gueden等人的具有增加之CAR T細胞存留及總體抗腫瘤功效之ICOS跨膜域的相關使用(Guedan S.等人,Enhancing CAR T cell persistence through ICOS and 4-1BB costimulation. JCI Insight. 2018;3:96976)。在一實施例中,跨膜域包含跨越細胞膜之疏水性α螺旋。Although the primary function of the transmembrane is to anchor the chimeric protein in the T cell membrane, in certain embodiments, the transmembrane domain affects the function of the chimeric protein. In certain embodiments, the transmembrane domain consists of a full-length primary costimulatory receptor domain. In embodiments of the invention wherein the chimeric protein construct comprises the extracellular domain of one receptor and the intracellular signaling domain of a second receptor, the transmembrane domain may be the transmembrane domain of the extracellular domain or the intracellular domain. In certain embodiments, the transmembrane domain is from CD4, CD8α, CD28 or ICOS. Related use of ICOS transmembrane domain with increased CAR T cell persistence and overall antitumor efficacy by Gueden et al. (Guedan S. et al. Enhancing CAR T cell persistence through ICOS and 4-1BB costimulation. JCI Insight. 2018;3 :96976). In one embodiment, the transmembrane domain comprises a hydrophobic alpha helix that spans the cell membrane.
在一些實施例中,涵蓋本文所提供之TCR簇集域部分或其他部分之胺基酸序列變異體。舉例而言,可能需要改良部分之結合親和力及/或其他生物特性。抗體部分之胺基酸序列變異體可藉由將適當修飾引入至編碼簇集部分之核苷酸序列中或藉由肽合成製備。此類修飾包括例如在抗體部分之胺基酸序列內的殘基之缺失及/或插入及/或取代。可進行缺失、插入及取代之任何組合以獲得最終構築體,其限制條件為最終構築體具有所需特徵。In some embodiments, amino acid sequence variants of the TCR cluster domain portions or other portions provided herein are encompassed. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and/or other biological properties of the moiety. Amino acid sequence variants of the antibody moiety can be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the cluster moiety or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions and/or insertions and/or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequence of an antibody portion. Any combination of deletions, insertions and substitutions can be made to obtain the final construct, provided that the final construct has the desired characteristics.
在一些實施例中,提供包含一或多個胺基酸取代、缺失或插入之TCR簇集域部分。可將胺基酸取代引入至所關注之結合域中且針對所需活性(例如保持/改良之簇集或降低之免疫原性)篩選產物。在某些實施例中,胺基酸取代可引入至初級共刺激受體域(細胞外或細胞內)、次級共刺激受體域或細胞外共受體域中之一或多者中。因此,本發明涵蓋本文中特定揭示之嵌合蛋白及組分以及其變異體,亦即嵌合蛋白及組分與本文特定揭示之胺基酸序列具有至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少87%、至少90%、至少91%、至少92%、至少93%、至少94%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%序列一致性。當參考特定序列時,使用術語「相似度一致性」、「百分比一致性」及「同源性百分比」,如University of Wisconsin GCG software program BestFit中所闡述,可使用其他演算法,例如BLAST、psiBLAST或TBLASTN (其使用Altschul等人的方法,(1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 405-410)、FASTA (其使用Pearson及Lipman的方法(1988) PNAS USA 85:2444-2448)。In some embodiments, TCR clustering domain portions comprising one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions or insertions are provided. Amino acid substitutions can be introduced into the binding domain of interest and the product screened for a desired activity (eg, maintained/improved clustering or reduced immunogenicity). In certain embodiments, amino acid substitutions can be introduced into one or more of the primary costimulatory receptor domain (extracellular or intracellular), the secondary costimulatory receptor domain, or the extracellular co-receptor domain. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the chimeric proteins and components specifically disclosed herein, as well as variants thereof, ie, chimeric proteins and components having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% of the amino acid sequences specifically disclosed herein , at least 87%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% sequence identity. The terms "similarity identity", "percent identity" and "percent homology" are used when referring to specific sequences, as described in the University of Wisconsin GCG software program BestFit, other algorithms such as BLAST, psiBLAST may be used or TBLASTN (which uses the method of Altschul et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 405-410), FASTA (which uses the method of Pearson and Lipman (1988) PNAS USA 85: 2444-2448).
特定胺基酸序列變異體可與參考序列相差1個胺基酸、2、3、4、5至10、10至20或20至30個胺基酸之插入、添加、取代或缺失。在一些實施例中,變異序列可包含具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10個或更多個插入、缺失或取代之殘基的參考序列。舉例而言,5、10、15、至多20、至多30或至多40個殘基可經插入、缺失或取代。A particular amino acid sequence variant may differ from the reference sequence by insertion, addition, substitution or deletion of 1 amino acid, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, or 20 to 30 amino acids. In some embodiments, a variant sequence may comprise a reference sequence having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more inserted, deleted or substituted residues. For example, 5, 10, 15, up to 20, up to 30, or up to 40 residues may be inserted, deleted, or substituted.
在一些較佳實施例中,變異體可與參考序列相差1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多個保守取代。保守取代涉及用具有類似特性之不同胺基酸置換胺基酸。舉例而言,脂族殘基可經另一脂族殘基置換,非極性殘基可經另一非極性殘基置換,酸性殘基可經另一酸性殘基置換,鹼性殘基可經另一鹼性殘基置換,極性殘基可經另一極性殘基置換或芳族殘基可經另一芳族殘基置換。保守取代可例如在以下群組內之胺基酸之間進行:In some preferred embodiments, the variant may differ from the reference sequence by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more conservative substitutions. Conservative substitutions involve replacing an amino acid with a different amino acid with similar properties. For example, an aliphatic residue can be replaced by another aliphatic residue, a non-polar residue can be replaced by another non-polar residue, an acidic residue can be replaced by another acidic residue, a basic residue can be replaced by another Another basic residue is replaced, a polar residue can be replaced by another polar residue or an aromatic residue can be replaced by another aromatic residue. Conservative substitutions can be made, for example, between amino acids within the following groups:
保守取代展示於下表中。
胺基酸可根據共同的側鏈特性分成不同類別:a.疏水性:正白胺酸、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;b.中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;c.酸性:Asp、Glu;d.鹼性:His、Lys、Arg;e.影響鏈取向之殘基:Gly、Pro;芳族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。非保守取代將引起此等類別中之一者之成員換成另一個類別。 本發明中使用之細胞可為適用於過繼細胞療法之任何淋巴細胞,諸如T細胞或自然殺手(NK)細胞、NKT細胞、γ/δ T細胞或T調節細胞。細胞對於患者可為同種異體或自體的。 Amino acids can be divided into different categories according to the common side chain properties: a. Hydrophobicity: ortholeucine, Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile; b. Neutral hydrophilicity: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln ; c. Acidic: Asp, Glu; d. Basic: His, Lys, Arg; e. Residues affecting chain orientation: Gly, Pro; Aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe. Non-conservative substitutions will result in members of one of these classes being exchanged for another class. The cells used in the present invention can be any lymphocytes suitable for adoptive cell therapy, such as T cells or natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, gamma/delta T cells or T regulatory cells. The cells can be allogeneic or autologous to the patient.
T細胞或T淋巴細胞為在細胞介導之免疫性中起中心作用的淋巴細胞類型。其與其他淋巴細胞(諸如B細胞及自然殺手細胞(NK細胞))之區別可在於細胞表面上存在T細胞受體(TCR)。存在各種類型之T細胞,如以下概述。細胞毒性T細胞(TC細胞或CTL)破壞經病毒感染之細胞及腫瘤細胞,且亦涉及移植排斥反應。CTL在其表面處表現CD8分子。T cells or T lymphocytes are the type of lymphocytes that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. It can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of T cell receptors (TCRs) on the cell surface. There are various types of T cells, as outlined below. Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells or CTLs) destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells and are also involved in transplant rejection. CTLs express CD8 molecules at their surface.
此等細胞藉由結合至與存在於所有成核細胞之表面上的I類MHC締合之抗原來識別其標靶。經由IL-10、腺苷及由調節T細胞分泌之其他分子,CD8+細胞可不活化為無反應狀態,其預防自體免疫疾病,諸如實驗性自體免疫性腦脊髓炎。These cells recognize their targets by binding to antigens associated with MHC class I present on the surface of all nucleated cells. Via IL-10, adenosine, and other molecules secreted by regulatory T cells, CD8+ cells can be deactivated to an anergic state, which prevents autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
記憶T細胞為在感染消退之後長期存留之抗原特異性T細胞之子集。其在再次暴露於其同源抗原後快速擴增成大量效應T細胞,因此為免疫系統提供針對過去感染之「記憶」。記憶T細胞包含三種亞型:中樞記憶T細胞(TCM細胞)及兩種類型效應記憶T細胞(TEM細胞及TEMRA細胞)。記憶細胞可為CD4+或CD8+。記憶T細胞通常表現細胞表面蛋白CD45RO。調節T細胞(Treg細胞)先前稱為抑制T細胞,其對於維持免疫耐受性而言為關鍵的。其主要作用為關閉T細胞介導免疫性至免疫反應結束且抑制逃避胸腺中之陰性選擇過程之主動反應T細胞。Memory T cells are a subset of antigen-specific T cells that persist long after the infection has resolved. They rapidly expand into large numbers of effector T cells upon re-exposure to their cognate antigens, thus providing the immune system with a "memory" of past infections. Memory T cells include three subtypes: central memory T cells (TCM cells) and two types of effector memory T cells (TEM cells and TEMRA cells). Memory cells can be CD4+ or CD8+. Memory T cells typically express the cell surface protein CD45RO. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are critical for maintaining immune tolerance. Its main role is to shut down T cell-mediated immunity to the end of the immune response and suppress actively reactive T cells that escape the negative selection process in the thymus.
已描述兩種主要類別之CD4+ Treg細胞 - 天然存在之Treg細胞及適應性Treg細胞。天然產生之Treg細胞(亦稱為CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg細胞)在胸腺中產生且與在產生T細胞與已用TSLP活化之骨髓(CD11c +)及漿細胞樣(CD123 +)樹突狀細胞之間的相互作用有關。天然產生之Treg細胞與其他T細胞之區別可在於存在細胞內分子(稱為FoxP3)。適應性Treg細胞(亦稱為Tr1細胞或Th3細胞)可在正常免疫反應期間產生。 Two main classes of CD4+ Treg cells have been described - naturally occurring Treg cells and adaptive Treg cells. Naturally occurring Treg cells (also known as CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells) are produced in the thymus and are closely related to the production of T cells and myeloid (CD11c + ) and plasmacytoid (CD123 + ) dendritic cells that have been activated with TSLP interactions between them. Naturally occurring Treg cells can be distinguished from other T cells by the presence of an intracellular molecule called FoxP3. Adaptive Treg cells (also known as Tr1 cells or Th3 cells) can be generated during normal immune responses.
自然殺手細胞(或NK細胞)為形成先天免疫系統之一部分的一種細胞溶解細胞。NK細胞以MHC非依賴性方式提供對來自病毒感染細胞之先天性信號的快速反應。NK細胞(屬於先天性淋巴樣細胞之群)定義為大型顆粒狀淋巴球(LGL)且構成區別於產生B及T淋巴球之常見淋巴樣前驅細胞之第三種類細胞。Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of cytolytic cell that forms part of the innate immune system. NK cells provide a rapid response to innate signals from virus-infected cells in an MHC-independent manner. NK cells (belonging to the group of innate lymphoid cells) are defined as large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) and constitute a third type of cell distinct from the common lymphoid precursor cells that give rise to B and T lymphocytes.
在某些實施例中,本發明之治療性細胞包含經工程改造以表現嵌合蛋白之自體細胞。在某些實施例中,本發明之治療性細胞包含經工程改造以表現嵌合蛋白之同種異體細胞。歸因於接受體同種異體抗原之TCR介導之識別,表現嵌合蛋白之自體細胞可有利地避免避開移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。In certain embodiments, the therapeutic cells of the invention comprise autologous cells engineered to express the chimeric protein. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic cells of the invention comprise allogeneic cells engineered to express the chimeric protein. Autologous cells expressing chimeric proteins can advantageously avoid graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) due to TCR-mediated recognition of recipient alloantigens.
本發明之一態樣提供本發明之核酸序列,其編碼本文中所描述之嵌合蛋白、多肽或蛋白質中之任一者(包括其功能部分及功能變異體)。如本文所用,術語「聚核苷酸」、「核苷酸」及「核酸」既定為彼此同義。技術人員應理解,由於遺傳密碼之簡併,大量不同聚核苷酸及核酸可編碼相同的多肽。另外,應理解,技術人員可使用常規技術進行不影響由本文所描述之聚核苷酸編碼之多肽序列的核苷酸取代,以反映多肽將在其中表現之任何特定宿主生物體之密碼子用途(例如密碼子最佳化)。根據本發明之核酸可包含DNA或RNA。其可為單股或雙股的。其亦可為在其內包括合成或經修飾之核苷酸之聚核苷酸。對寡核苷酸之多種不同類型之修飾為此項技術中已知的。此等修飾包括甲基膦酸酯及硫代磷酸酯主鏈,在分子之3'端及/或5'端處添加吖啶或聚離胺酸鏈。出於本發明之目的,應瞭解,聚核苷酸可藉由此項技術中可獲得之任何方法修飾。可進行此類修飾以便增強所關注聚核苷酸之活體內活性或壽命。One aspect of the present invention provides nucleic acid sequences of the present invention that encode any of the chimeric proteins, polypeptides or proteins described herein (including functional portions and functional variants thereof). As used herein, the terms "polynucleotide", "nucleotide" and "nucleic acid" are intended to be synonymous with each other. The skilled artisan will appreciate that, due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, a large number of different polynucleotides and nucleic acids can encode the same polypeptide. In addition, it will be appreciated that the skilled artisan can use routine techniques to make nucleotide substitutions that do not affect the polypeptide sequence encoded by the polynucleotides described herein to reflect the codon usage of any particular host organism in which the polypeptide will be expressed (eg codon optimization). Nucleic acids according to the present invention may comprise DNA or RNA. It can be single-stranded or double-stranded. It can also be a polynucleotide that includes synthetic or modified nucleotides therein. Many different types of modifications to oligonucleotides are known in the art. Such modifications include methylphosphonate and phosphorothioate backbones, addition of acridine or polylysine chains at the 3' and/or 5' ends of the molecule. For the purposes of the present invention, it is understood that polynucleotides can be modified by any method available in the art. Such modifications can be made in order to enhance the in vivo activity or longevity of the polynucleotide of interest.
關於核苷酸序列之術語「變異體」、「同系物」或「衍生物」包括來自或關於序列之一個(或多個)核酸之任何取代、變化、修飾、置換、缺失或添加。The terms "variant", "homolog" or "derivative" in reference to a nucleotide sequence include any substitution, change, modification, substitution, deletion or addition from or to one (or more) nucleic acid of the sequence.
核酸序列可以編碼SEQ ID NO:2所示之蛋白質序列或其變異體。核苷酸序列可包含經密碼子最佳化之核酸序列,其顯示為經工程改造以表現於人類細胞中。The nucleic acid sequence may encode the protein sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a variant thereof. The nucleotide sequence may comprise a codon-optimized nucleic acid sequence shown to be engineered for expression in human cells.
本發明亦提供核酸序列,其包含編碼嵌合蛋白之核酸序列及編碼T細胞受體(TCR)及/或嵌合抗原受體(CAR)之另一核酸序列。The invention also provides nucleic acid sequences comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a chimeric protein and another nucleic acid sequence encoding a T cell receptor (TCR) and/or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
核酸序列可藉由允許兩個或更多個核酸序列共同表現的序列接合。舉例而言,構築體可包含內部啟動子、內部核糖體進入序列(IRES)或編碼裂解位點之序列。裂解位點可自我裂解,使得當產生多肽時,其不需要任何外部裂解活性即裂解為離散蛋白質。已知各種自我裂解位點,包括口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)及2A自我裂解肽。共同表現序列可為內部核糖體進入序列(IRES)。共同表現序列可為內部啟動子。Nucleic acid sequences can be joined by sequences that allow the co-expression of two or more nucleic acid sequences. For example, the construct may comprise an internal promoter, an internal ribosomal entry sequence (IRES), or a sequence encoding a cleavage site. The cleavage site is self-cleavable so that when a polypeptide is produced, it does not require any external cleavage activity to be cleaved into discrete proteins. Various self-cleaving sites are known, including foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) and the 2A self-cleaving peptide. The co-expressing sequence may be an internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES). The co-expressed sequence can be an internal promoter.
在一態樣中,本發明提供一種載體,其包含本發明之核酸序列或核酸構築體。In one aspect, the present invention provides a vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid construct of the present invention.
此類載體可用於將核酸序列或核酸構築體引入宿主細胞中,使得其表現一或多種根據本發明之第一態樣之嵌合蛋白及視情況選用之一或多種其他所關注蛋白質(POI),例如TCR或CAR。載體可例如為質體或病毒載體,諸如反轉錄病毒載體或慢病毒載體,或基於轉座子之載體或合成mRNA。Such vectors can be used to introduce nucleic acid sequences or nucleic acid constructs into host cells such that they express one or more chimeric proteins according to the first aspect of the invention and optionally one or more other proteins of interest (POIs) , such as TCR or CAR. The vector may be, for example, a plastid or viral vector, such as a retroviral or lentiviral vector, or a transposon-based vector or synthetic mRNA.
本發明之核酸亦可用於使用標準基因遞送方案的核酸免疫接種及基因療法。基因遞送方法為此項技術中已知。參見例如美國專利第5,399,346號、第5,580,859號、第5,589,466號,該等專利以全文引用之方式併入本文中。The nucleic acids of the invention can also be used for nucleic acid immunization and gene therapy using standard gene delivery protocols. Gene delivery methods are known in the art. See, eg, US Patent Nos. 5,399,346, 5,580,859, 5,589,466, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
源自反轉錄病毒(諸如慢病毒)之載體為達成長期基因轉移之適合工具,因為其允許一或多種轉殖基因之長期穩定整合及其在子細胞中之傳播。載體可能夠轉染或轉導包括T細胞或NK細胞之淋巴球。本發明亦提供其中插入有本發明之核酸的載體。編碼嵌合蛋白及視情況選用之TCR或CAR之天然或合成核酸之表現通常藉由將編碼嵌合蛋白及TCR/CAR多肽或其部分之核酸可操作地連接至一或多種啟動子且將構築體併入表現載體中來達成。Vectors derived from retroviruses, such as lentiviruses, are suitable tools for achieving long-term gene transfer because they allow long-term stable integration of one or more transgenic genes and their dissemination in daughter cells. The vector may be capable of transfecting or transducing lymphocytes including T cells or NK cells. The present invention also provides vectors into which the nucleic acid of the present invention is inserted. Expression of natural or synthetic nucleic acids encoding chimeric proteins and, optionally, TCRs or CARs is typically accomplished by operably linking nucleic acids encoding chimeric proteins and TCR/CAR polypeptides or portions thereof to one or more promoters and constructing body is incorporated into the expression vector to achieve.
其他啟動子元件(例如強化子)調控轉錄起始頻率。通常,此等元件位於起始位點上游30-110 bp區中,但多個啟動子最近已展示含有亦位於起始位點下游之功能元件。啟動子元件之間的間距通常為靈活的,使得當元件相對於彼此倒置或移動時保留啟動子功能。在胸苷激酶(tk)啟動子中,啟動子元件之間的間距在活性開始下降之前可增加至相隔50 bp。Other promoter elements, such as enhancers, regulate transcription initiation frequency. Typically, these elements are located in a region 30-110 bp upstream of the initiation site, but several promoters have recently been shown to contain functional elements that are also downstream of the initiation site. The spacing between promoter elements is generally flexible such that promoter function is preserved when the elements are inverted or moved relative to each other. In the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter, the spacing between promoter elements can be increased to 50 bp apart before activity begins to decline.
適合啟動子之一個實例為即刻早期巨細胞病毒(CMV)啟動子序列。此啟動子序列為能夠驅使任何與其可操作地連接之聚核苷酸序列之高表現量的強組成性啟動子序列。適合啟動子之另一實例為延伸生長因子-1α (EF-1α)。然而,亦可使用其他組成性啟動子序列,包括(但不限於)猴病毒40 (SV40)早期啟動子、小鼠乳房腫瘤病毒(MMTV)、人類免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)長末端重複序列(LTR)啟動子、MoMuLV啟動子、MSCV啟動子、MND啟動子、禽類白血病病毒啟動子、埃-巴二氏病毒即刻早期啟動子、勞斯肉瘤病毒啟動子,以及人類基因啟動子,諸如(但不限於)肌動蛋白啟動子、肌球蛋白啟動子、血紅蛋白啟動子及肌酸激酶啟動子。An example of a suitable promoter is the immediate early cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter sequence. This promoter sequence is a strong constitutive promoter sequence capable of driving high expression levels of any polynucleotide sequence to which it is operably linked. Another example of a suitable promoter is elongation growth factor-1α (EF-1α). However, other constitutive promoter sequences may also be used, including but not limited to the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) ) promoter, MoMuLV promoter, MSCV promoter, MND promoter, avian leukemia virus promoter, Epstein-Barr virus immediate early promoter, Rous sarcoma virus promoter, and human gene promoters such as (but not Limited to) actin promoter, myosin promoter, hemoglobin promoter and creatine kinase promoter.
載體可適合於真核宿主細胞中之複製及整合。典型選殖載體含有轉錄及轉譯終止子、起始序列及適用於調節所需核酸序列表現之啟動子。病毒載體技術為此項技術中所熟知且描述於例如Sambrook等人(2001, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York)及其他病毒學及分子生物學手冊中,亦參見WO 01/96584;WO 01/29058;及美國專利第6,326,193號。在一些實施例中,所表現之構築體如SEQ ID NO:32-65及67-79中所示。在一些實施例中,核酸為多順反子構築體,其允許在單一啟動子控制下表現多個轉殖基因(例如嵌合蛋白及TCR及/或CAR等)。在一些實施例中,轉殖基因(例如嵌合蛋白及TCR及/或CAR等)由自我裂解2A肽分隔。適用於本發明之核酸構築體中之2A肽之實例包括F2A、P2A、T2A及E2A。在本發明之其他實施例中,本發明之核酸構築體為多順反子構築體,其包含兩個啟動子;一個啟動子驅動嵌合蛋白表現且另一啟動子驅動TCR或CAR表現。在一些實施例中,本發明之雙啟動子構築體為單向的。在其他實施例中,本發明之雙啟動子構築體為雙向的。為評定嵌合蛋白多肽或其部分之表現,待引入細胞中之表現載體亦可含有可選標記基因或報導基因或兩者以促進自設法經病毒載體轉染或經轉導之細胞群體鑑別及選擇表現細胞。The vector may be suitable for replication and integration in eukaryotic host cells. Typical cloning vectors contain transcriptional and translational terminators, initiation sequences, and promoters suitable for regulating the expression of the desired nucleic acid sequence. Viral vector technology is well known in the art and is described, for example, in Sambrook et al. (2001, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York) and other handbooks of virology and molecular biology, see also WO 01 /96584; WO 01/29058; and US Patent No. 6,326,193. In some embodiments, the represented constructs are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 32-65 and 67-79. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is a polycistronic construct that allows expression of multiple transgenic genes (eg, chimeric proteins and TCR and/or CAR, etc.) under the control of a single promoter. In some embodiments, the transgenic genes (eg, chimeric proteins and TCR and/or CAR, etc.) are separated by a self-cleaving 2A peptide. Examples of 2A peptides suitable for use in nucleic acid constructs of the present invention include F2A, P2A, T2A, and E2A. In other embodiments of the present invention, the nucleic acid constructs of the present invention are polycistronic constructs comprising two promoters; one promoter driving chimeric protein expression and the other promoter driving TCR or CAR expression. In some embodiments, the dual promoter constructs of the present invention are unidirectional. In other embodiments, the dual promoter constructs of the present invention are bidirectional. To assess the performance of the chimeric protein polypeptide or portion thereof, the expression vector to be introduced into the cell may also contain a selectable marker gene or a reporter gene or both to facilitate identification and Select expressing cells.
在擴增及基改之前,自受試者獲得細胞源,例如免疫效應細胞(例如T細胞或NK細胞)。術語「受試者」欲包括可引起免疫反應之活生物體(例如哺乳動物)。受試者之實例包括人類、狗、貓、小鼠、大鼠及其轉殖基因物種。T細胞可獲自許多來源,包括周邊血液單核細胞、骨髓、淋巴結組織、臍帶血、胸腺組織、來自感染位點之組織、腹水、肋膜積液、脾組織及腫瘤。A source of cells, eg, immune effector cells (eg, T cells or NK cells), is obtained from the subject prior to expansion and genetic modification. The term "subject" is intended to include living organisms (eg, mammals) that can elicit an immune response. Examples of subjects include humans, dogs, cats, mice, rats, and transgenic species thereof. T cells can be obtained from many sources, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, lymph node tissue, umbilical cord blood, thymus tissue, tissue from the site of infection, ascites, pleural effusion, spleen tissue, and tumors.
在一個態樣中,藉由溶解紅血球及例如藉由經由PERCOLL TM梯度離心或藉由逆流離心淘析耗盡單核球,自周邊血液淋巴球分離T細胞。 In one aspect, T cells are isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes by lysing red blood cells and depleting monocytes, eg, by elutriation via PERCOLL ™ gradient centrifugation or by countercurrent centrifugation.
在另一態樣中,腫瘤浸潤性細胞(TIL)例如藉由經碎斷、分割或酶消解之腫瘤活檢體或團塊自腫瘤分離及/或擴增。In another aspect, tumor-infiltrating cells (TILs) are isolated and/or expanded from tumors, eg, by disrupted, dissected, or enzymatically digested tumor biopsies or clumps.
T細胞之特異性亞群,諸如CD3+、CD28+、CD4+、CD8+、CD45RA+及CD45RO+T細胞可藉由正選擇或負選擇技術進一步分離。舉例而言,在一個態樣中,T細胞係藉由與抗CD3/抗CD28結合之珠粒(諸如DYNABEADS® M-450 CD3/CD28 T)一起培育足以正向選擇所需T細胞的時間段來分離。在一個態樣中,該時間段為約30分鐘。在另一態樣中,該時間段在30分鐘至36小時或更長及其間所有整數值範圍內。在另一態樣中,該時間段為至少1、2、3、4、5或6小時。在又一較佳態樣中,該時間段為10至24小時。在一個態樣中,培育時間段為24小時。在相比於其他細胞類型存在極少T細胞之任何情況下可使用較長培育時間分離T細胞,諸如自腫瘤組織或免疫功能不全個體分離腫瘤浸潤淋巴球(TIL)。另外,使用較長培育時間可提高捕捉CD8+ T細胞之效率。因此,藉由簡單縮短或延長時間使T細胞結合於CD3/CD28珠粒及/或藉由增加或降低珠粒與T細胞之比率(如本文進一步描述),對於或針對在培養起始時或在該方法期間之其他時間點可優先選擇T細胞之亞群。另外,藉由增加或降低珠粒或其他表面上抗CD3及/或抗CD28抗體之比率,對於或針對在培養起始時或在其他所要時間點可優先選擇T細胞之亞群。熟習此項技術者將認識到在本發明之背景下亦可使用多輪選擇。在某些態樣中,可能需要進行選擇程序且在活化及擴展過程中使用「未經選擇之」細胞。「未經選擇之」細胞亦可經受其他多輪選擇。Specific subsets of T cells, such as CD3+, CD28+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells can be further isolated by positive or negative selection techniques. For example, in one aspect, T cell lines are incubated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 conjugated beads (such as DYNABEADS® M-450 CD3/CD28 T) for a period of time sufficient to positively select desired T cells to separate. In one aspect, the time period is about 30 minutes. In another aspect, the period of time ranges from 30 minutes to 36 hours or more and all integer values therebetween. In another aspect, the period of time is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. In yet another preferred aspect, the time period is 10 to 24 hours. In one aspect, the incubation period is 24 hours. Longer incubation times can be used to isolate T cells in any situation where very few T cells are present compared to other cell types, such as isolation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from tumor tissue or immunocompromised individuals. In addition, the use of longer incubation times can increase the efficiency of capturing CD8+ T cells. Thus, by simply shortening or prolonging the time to allow T cells to bind to CD3/CD28 beads and/or by increasing or decreasing the ratio of beads to T cells (as further described herein), for or against at the initiation of culture or Subpopulations of T cells may be preferentially selected at other time points during the method. Additionally, by increasing or decreasing the ratio of anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD28 antibodies on beads or other surfaces, a subset of T cells can be preferentially selected for or against at the initiation of culture or at other desired time points. Those skilled in the art will recognize that multiple rounds of selection may also be used in the context of the present invention. In some aspects, a selection procedure may be required and "unselected" cells are used in the activation and expansion process. "Unselected" cells may also undergo other rounds of selection.
藉由負選擇使T細胞群體富集可使用針對負選擇之細胞所獨特之表面標記的抗體之組合來實現。一種方法為經由負磁性免疫黏附或流動式細胞測量術分選及/或選擇細胞,該負磁性免疫黏附或流動式細胞測量術使用針對負選擇細胞上存在之細胞表面標記之單株抗體混合物。舉例而言,為了藉由負選擇使CD4+細胞富集,單株抗體混合物通常包括針對CD14、CD20、CD16、HLA-DR及CD8之抗體。在某些態樣中,可能需要富集或正選擇通常表現CD4+、CD25+、CD62Lhi、GITR+、CD137、PD1、TIM3、LAG-3、CD150及FoxP3+之調節T細胞。或者,在某些態樣中,藉由抗CD25結合之珠粒或其他類似選擇方法耗盡T調節細胞。Enrichment of T cell populations by negative selection can be achieved using a combination of antibodies directed against surface markers unique to the negatively selected cells. One method is to sort and/or select cells via negative magnetic immunoadhesion or flow cytometry using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface markers present on negatively selected cells. For example, to enrich for CD4+ cells by negative selection, the monoclonal antibody mixture typically includes antibodies against CD14, CD20, CD16, HLA-DR, and CD8. In certain aspects, it may be desirable to enrich or positively select regulatory T cells that typically express CD4+, CD25+, CD62Lhi, GITR+, CD137, PD1, TIM3, LAG-3, CD150, and FoxP3+. Alternatively, in certain aspects, T regulatory cells are depleted by anti-CD25-conjugated beads or other similar selection methods.
本文所描述之方法可包括例如使用例如本文所描述之負選擇技術選擇免疫效應細胞(例如,作為T調節細胞耗盡群體之T細胞、CD25+耗盡細胞)之特定亞群。較佳地,T調節耗盡細胞群體含有少於30%、25%、20%、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%之CD25+細胞。The methods described herein can include selection of specific subsets of immune effector cells (eg, T cells, CD25+ depleted cells as a T regulatory cell depleted population), eg, using negative selection techniques such as those described herein. Preferably, the T-regulatory depleted cell population contains less than 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% CD25+ cells.
可藉由正選擇技術富集特異性結合至目標抗原之嵌合蛋白效應細胞的特定亞群。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,效應細胞係藉由與目標抗原結合之珠粒一起培育足以正選擇所需abTCR效應細胞之時間段來進行富集。在一些實施例中,該時間段為約30分鐘。在一些實施例中,時間段在30分鐘至36小時或更長(包括此等值之間的所有範圍)的範圍內。在一些實施例中,該時間段為至少1、2、3、4、5或6小時。在一些實施例中,該時間段為10至24小時。在一些實施例中,培育時間段為24小時。關於異質性細胞群體中以低含量存在之效應細胞之分離,使用較長培育時間(諸如24小時)可提高細胞產量。在任何相較於其他細胞類型存在較少效應細胞的情形中可使用較長培育時間分離效應細胞。熟習此項技術者將認識到在本發明之背景下亦可使用多輪選擇。Specific subsets of chimeric protein effector cells that specifically bind to the antigen of interest can be enriched by positive selection techniques. For example, in some embodiments, the effector cell line is enriched by incubating with the target antigen-binding beads for a period of time sufficient to positively select the desired abTCR effector cells. In some embodiments, the time period is about 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the period of time is in the range of 30 minutes to 36 hours or longer, including all ranges between such values. In some embodiments, the period of time is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. In some embodiments, the period of time is 10 to 24 hours. In some embodiments, the incubation period is 24 hours. With regard to the isolation of effector cells present at low levels in heterogeneous cell populations, the use of longer incubation times, such as 24 hours, can increase cell yield. Longer incubation times can be used to isolate effector cells in any situation where fewer effector cells are present compared to other cell types. Those skilled in the art will recognize that multiple rounds of selection may also be used in the context of the present invention.
用於刺激的T細胞亦可在洗滌步驟後加以冷凍。在移除血漿及血小板之洗滌步驟後,細胞可懸浮於冷凍溶液中。儘管許多冷凍溶液及參數為此項技術中已知且將適用於此情形,但一種方法涉及使用含有20% DMSO及8%人類血清白蛋白之PBS,或含有10%聚葡萄糖40及5%右旋糖、20%人類血清白蛋白及7.5% DMSO,或31.25% Plasmalyte-A、31.25%右旋糖5%、0.45% NaCl、10%聚葡萄糖40及5%右旋糖、20%人類血清白蛋白及7.5% DMSO之培養基或含有例如Hespan及PlasmaLyte A之其他適合細胞冷凍培養基,細胞接著在每分鐘1°之速率下冷凍至-80℃且以氣相儲存於液氮儲存槽中。可使用受控冷凍以及在-20℃下或在液氮中不受控冷凍之其他方法。T cells used for stimulation can also be frozen after washing steps. After a wash step to remove plasma and platelets, cells can be suspended in a freezing solution. Although many freezing solutions and parameters are known in the art and will be suitable for this situation, one method involves the use of PBS containing 20% DMSO and 8% human serum albumin, or 10
在本文所描述之實施例中,免疫效應細胞可為同種異體免疫效應細胞,例如T細胞或NK細胞。In the embodiments described herein, the immune effector cells can be allogeneic immune effector cells, such as T cells or NK cells.
本文所描述之T細胞可例如經工程改造以使其不在其表面上表現功能性HLA。舉例而言,本文所描述之T細胞可經工程改造以使得HLA (例如HLA 1類及/或HLA II類)之細胞表面表現下調。在一些態樣中,HLA下調可藉由減少或消除β-2微球蛋白(B2M)之表現來實現。The T cells described herein can, for example, be engineered so that they do not express functional HLA on their surface. For example, the T cells described herein can be engineered to downregulate cell surface expression of HLA (eg,
在一些實施例中,T細胞可缺乏功能性TCR及功能性HLA,例如HLA I類及/或HLA II類。缺乏功能性TCR及/或HLA表現之經修飾T細胞可藉由任何適合方式獲得,包括一或多個TCR或HLA次單元之基因剔除或阻斷基因表現。舉例而言,T細胞可包括使用siRNA、shRNA、簇集規律性間隔之短回文重複序列(CRISPR)、轉錄活化因子樣效應核酸酶(TALEN)或鋅指核酸內切酶(ZFN)阻斷TCR及/或HLA之基因表現。In some embodiments, T cells may lack functional TCRs and functional HLAs, such as HLA class I and/or HLA class II. Modified T cells lacking functional TCR and/or HLA expression can be obtained by any suitable means, including knockout of one or more TCR or HLA subunits or blocking gene expression. For example, T cells can be blocked using siRNA, shRNA, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), or zinc finger endonucleases (ZFNs). Gene expression of TCR and/or HLA.
在一些實施例中,同種異體細胞可為不表現抑制性分子或以低含量表現抑制性分子之細胞,例如藉由本文所描述之任何方法工程改造之細胞。舉例而言,細胞可為不表現抑制性分子或以低含量表現抑制性分子之細胞,該抑制性分子例如可降低嵌合蛋白表現細胞建立免疫效應反應之能力。抑制性分子之實例包括PD1、PD-L1、PD-L2、CTLA4、TIM3、CEACAM (例如,CEACAM-1、CEACAM-3及/或CEACAM-5)、LAG3、VISTA、BTLA、TIGIT、LAIR1、CD160、2B4、CD80、CD86、B7-H3 (CD276)、B7-H4 (VTCN1)、HVEM (TNFRSF14或CD270)、KIR、A2aR、MHC I類、MHC II類、Gal9、腺苷及TGFR β。抑制性分子之抑制,例如在DNA、RNA或蛋白質含量上之抑制,可使CAR表現細胞效能最佳。在實施例中,可使用例如如本文所描述之抑制性核酸(例如抑制性核酸,例如dsRNA,例如siRNA或shRNA)、簇集規律性間隔之短回文重複序列(CRISPR)、轉錄活化因子樣效應核酸酶(TALEN)或鋅指核酸內切酶(ZFN)。In some embodiments, an allogeneic cell can be a cell that does not express an inhibitory molecule or expresses an inhibitory molecule at low levels, eg, a cell engineered by any of the methods described herein. For example, a cell can be a cell that does not express, or at low levels, an inhibitory molecule that, for example, reduces the ability of a chimeric protein expressing cell to mount an immune effector response. Examples of inhibitory molecules include PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, TIM3, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1, CEACAM-3 and/or CEACAM-5), LAG3, VISTA, BTLA, TIGIT, LAIR1, CD160 , 2B4, CD80, CD86, B7-H3 (CD276), B7-H4 (VTCN1), HVEM (TNFRSF14 or CD270), KIR, A2aR, MHC class I, MHC class II, Gal9, adenosine and TGFR beta. Inhibition of inhibitory molecules, such as inhibition of DNA, RNA, or protein content, maximizes CAR-expressing cellular efficacy. In embodiments, inhibitory nucleic acids (eg, inhibitory nucleic acids, eg, dsRNA, eg, siRNA or shRNA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), transcription activator-like Effector nucleases (TALENs) or zinc finger endonucleases (ZFNs).
T細胞通常可以如以下中所描述之方法活化及擴增:例如美國專利6,352,694;6,534,055;6,905,680;6,692,964;5,858,358;6,887,466;6,905,681;7,144,575;7,067,318;7,172,869;7,232,566;7,175,843;5,883,223;6,905,874;6,797,514;6,867,041;及美國專利申請公開案第20060121005號。T細胞通常可以如以下中所描述之方法活化及擴增:例如美國專利6,352,694;6,534,055;6,905,680;6,692,964;5,858,358;6,887,466;6,905,681;7,144,575;7,067,318;7,172,869;7,232,566;7,175,843;5,883,223;6,905,874;6,797,514;6,867,041 ; and US Patent Application Publication No. 20060121005.
一般而言,本發明之T細胞可以藉由與表面接觸來擴增,該表面連接有刺激CD3/TCR複合體相關信號的藥劑及刺激T細胞表面上之共刺激分子的配位體。詳言之,T細胞群體可如本文所描述刺激,諸如藉由與抗CD3抗體或其抗原結合片段,或固定於表面上之抗CD2抗體,或藉由與蛋白激酶C活化因子(例如苔蘚抑素)以及鈣離子載體接觸。為了共刺激T細胞表面上之輔助分子,使用結合輔助分子之配位體。舉例而言,可以使T細胞群體與抗CD3抗體及抗CD28抗體在適於刺激T細胞增殖之條件下接觸。為了刺激CD4+ T細胞或CD8+ T細胞之增殖,可使用抗CD3抗體及抗CD28抗體。抗CD28抗體之實例包括9.3、B-T3、XR-CD28 (Diaclone, Besançon, France),可按此項技術中通常已知之其他方法使用(Berg等人, Transplant Proc. 30(8):3975-3977, 1998;Haanen等人, J. Exp. Med. 190(9):13191328, 1999;Garland等人, J. Immunol Meth. 227(1-2):53-63, 1999)。In general, T cells of the present invention can be expanded by contacting a surface to which an agent that stimulates signals associated with the CD3/TCR complex and ligands that stimulate co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of the T cells are attached. In particular, T cell populations can be stimulated as described herein, such as by interaction with an anti-CD3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an anti-CD2 antibody immobilized on a surface, or by interaction with a protein kinase C activator (eg, moss inhibitor). element) and calcium ionophore. To co-stimulate helper molecules on the surface of T cells, ligands that bind the helper molecules are used. For example, a T cell population can be contacted with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies under conditions suitable for stimulating T cell proliferation. In order to stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells, anti-CD3 antibodies and anti-CD28 antibodies can be used. Examples of anti-CD28 antibodies include 9.3, B-T3, XR-CD28 (Diaclone, Besançon, France), which can be used by other methods commonly known in the art (Berg et al., Transplant Proc. 30(8):3975- 3977, 1998; Haanen et al, J. Exp. Med. 190(9):13191328, 1999; Garland et al, J. Immunol Meth. 227(1-2):53-63, 1999).
在一些實施例中,擴增可使用燒瓶或容器或熟習此項技術者已知之透氣容器進行且可進行7天、8天、9天、10天、11天、12天、13天或14天、約7天至約14天、約8天至約14天、約9天至約14天、約10天至約14天、約11天至約14天、約12天至約14天、或13天至約14天。在一些實施例中,第二TIL擴增可進行約14天。In some embodiments, amplification can be performed using flasks or vessels or gas permeable vessels known to those skilled in the art and can be performed for 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, or 14 days , about 7 days to about 14 days, about 8 days to about 14 days, about 9 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 11 days to about 14 days, about 12 days to about 14 days, or 13 days to about 14 days. In some embodiments, the second TIL expansion can be performed for about 14 days.
在某些實施例中,擴增可在介白素-2 (IL-2)或介白素-15 (IL-15)存在下使用非特異性T細胞受體刺激進行。非特異性T細胞受體刺激物可包括例如抗CD3抗體,諸如約30 ng/ml OKT3、小鼠單株抗CD3抗體(可購自Ortho-McNeil, Raritan, N.J.或Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, Calif.)或UHCT-1 (可購自BioLegend, San Diego, Calif., USA)。嵌合蛋白細胞可藉由視情況在T細胞生長因子(諸如300 IU/mL IL-2或IL-15)之存在下包括癌症之一或多種抗原(包括其抗原部分,諸如抗原決定基)而活體外擴增,該一或多種抗原可視情況自載體表現,該載體諸如人類白血球抗原A2 (HLA-A2)結合肽,例如0.3 .mu.M MART-1:26-35(27L)或gp100:209-217 (210M)。其他適合抗原可包括例如NY-ESO-1、TRP-1、TRP-2、酪胺酸酶癌症抗原、MAGE-A3、SSX-2及VEGFR2或其抗原部分。嵌合蛋白細胞亦可藉由用脈衝至表現HLA-A2之抗原呈現細胞上之癌症的相同一或多種抗原再刺激而快速擴增。或者,嵌合蛋白細胞可進一步用例如實例經輻射之自體淋巴球或用經輻射之HLA-A2+同種異體淋巴球及IL-2刺激。在一些實施例中,刺激作為擴增之部分發生。在一些實施例中,擴增在經輻射之自體淋巴球或經輻射之HLA-A2+同種異體淋巴球及IL-2存在下發生。In certain embodiments, expansion can be performed using non-specific T cell receptor stimulation in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-15 (IL-15). Nonspecific T cell receptor stimulators can include, for example, anti-CD3 antibodies, such as about 30 ng/ml OKT3, mouse monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies (available from Ortho-McNeil, Raritan, N.J., or Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, Calif. ) or UHCT-1 (available from BioLegend, San Diego, Calif., USA). Chimeric protein cells can be developed by including one or more antigens of cancer (including antigenic portions thereof such as epitopes) in the presence of T cell growth factors such as 300 IU/mL IL-2 or IL-15, as appropriate. Amplified in vitro, the one or more antigens are optionally expressed from a carrier such as a human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2) binding peptide, eg, 0.3.mu.M MART-1:26-35(27L) or gp100: 209-217 (210M). Other suitable antigens may include, for example, NY-ESO-1, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase cancer antigen, MAGE-A3, SSX-2 and VEGFR2 or antigenic portions thereof. Chimeric protein cells can also be rapidly expanded by restimulation with the same antigen(s) pulsed to the cancer on the antigen presenting cells expressing HLA-A2. Alternatively, the chimeric protein cells can be further stimulated with, for example, irradiated autologous lymphocytes or with irradiated HLA-A2+ allogeneic lymphocytes and IL-2. In some embodiments, stimulation occurs as part of amplification. In some embodiments, expansion occurs in the presence of irradiated autologous lymphocytes or irradiated HLA-A2+ allogeneic lymphocytes and IL-2.
在某些實施例中,細胞培養基包含IL-2。在一些實施例中,細胞培養基包含約1000 IU/mL、約1500 IU/mL、約2000 IU/mL、約2500 IU/mL、約3000 IU/mL、約3500 IU/mL、約4000 IU/mL、約4500 IU/mL、約5000 IU/mL、約5500 IU/mL、約6000 IU/mL、約6500 IU/mL、約7000 IU/mL、約7500 IU/mL、或約8000 IU/mL、或介於1000與2000 IU/mL之間、介於2000與3000 IU/mL之間、介於3000與4000 IU/mL之間、介於4000與5000 IU/mL之間、介於5000與6000 IU/mL之間、介於6000與7000 IU/mL之間、介於7000與8000 IU/mL之間或8000 IU/mL與9000 IU/mL之間的IL-2。In certain embodiments, the cell culture medium comprises IL-2. In some embodiments, the cell culture medium comprises about 1000 IU/mL, about 1500 IU/mL, about 2000 IU/mL, about 2500 IU/mL, about 3000 IU/mL, about 3500 IU/mL, about 4000 IU/mL , about 4500 IU/mL, about 5000 IU/mL, about 5500 IU/mL, about 6000 IU/mL, about 6500 IU/mL, about 7000 IU/mL, about 7500 IU/mL, or about 8000 IU/mL, or between 1000 and 2000 IU/mL, between 2000 and 3000 IU/mL, between 3000 and 4000 IU/mL, between 4000 and 5000 IU/mL, between 5000 and 6000 Between IU/mL, between 6000 and 7000 IU/mL, between 7000 and 8000 IU/mL, or between 8000 and 9000 IU/mL of IL-2.
在某些實施例中,細胞培養基包含OKT3抗體。在一些實施例中,細胞培養基包含約0.1 ng/mL、約0.5 ng/mL、約1 ng/mL、約2.5 ng/mL、約5 ng/mL、約7.5 ng/mL、約10 ng/mL、約15 ng/mL、約20 ng/mL、約25 ng/mL、約30 ng/mL、約35 ng/mL、約40 ng/mL、約50 ng/mL、約60 ng/mL、約70 ng/mL、約80 ng/mL、約90 ng/mL、約100 ng/mL、約200 ng/mL、約500 ng/mL、約1 μg/mL、或介於0.1 ng/mL與1 ng/mL之間、介於1 ng/mL與5 ng/mL之間、介於5 ng/mL與10 ng/mL之間、介於10 ng/mL與20 ng/mL之間、介於20 ng/mL與30 ng/mL之間、介於30 ng/mL與40 ng/mL之間、介於40 ng/mL與50 ng/mL之間、或介於50 ng/mL與100 ng/mL之間的OKT3抗體。In certain embodiments, the cell culture medium comprises the OKT3 antibody. In some embodiments, the cell culture medium comprises about 0.1 ng/mL, about 0.5 ng/mL, about 1 ng/mL, about 2.5 ng/mL, about 5 ng/mL, about 7.5 ng/mL, about 10 ng/mL , about 15 ng/mL, about 20 ng/mL, about 25 ng/mL, about 30 ng/mL, about 35 ng/mL, about 40 ng/mL, about 50 ng/mL, about 60 ng/mL, about 70 ng/mL, about 80 ng/mL, about 90 ng/mL, about 100 ng/mL, about 200 ng/mL, about 500 ng/mL, about 1 μg/mL, or between 0.1 ng/mL and 1 ng/mL, between 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, between 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, between 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, between Between 20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL, between 30 ng/mL and 40 ng/mL, between 40 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL, or between 50 ng/mL and 100 ng OKT3 antibody between /mL.
在某些實施例中,採用IL-2、IL-7、IL-15及/或IL-21之組合作為在第二擴增期間之組合。在一些實施例中,在擴增期間可包括IL-2、IL-7、IL-15及/或IL-21以及其任何組合。在一些實施例中,採用IL-2、IL-15及IL-21之組合作為擴增期間之組合。在一些實施例中,可包括IL-2、IL-15及IL-21以及其任何組合。In certain embodiments, a combination of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and/or IL-21 is employed as the combination during the second expansion. In some embodiments, IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and/or IL-21 and any combination thereof may be included during expansion. In some embodiments, a combination of IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21 is employed as the combination during expansion. In some embodiments, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21 and any combination thereof may be included.
在某些實施例中,擴增可在包含IL-2、OKT-3及抗原呈現飼養細胞之補充細胞培養基中進行。In certain embodiments, expansion can be performed in supplemented cell culture medium comprising IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen-presenting feeder cells.
在某些實施例中,擴增培養基包含約500 IU/mL之IL-15、約400 IU/mL之IL-15、約300 IU/mL之IL-15、約200 IU/mL之IL-15、約180 IU/mL之IL-15、約160 IU/mL之IL-15、約140 IU/mL之IL-15、約120 IU/mL之IL-15、或約100 IU/mL之IL-15、或約500 IU/mL之IL-15至約100 IU/mL之IL-15、或約400 IU/mL之IL-15至約100 IU/mL之IL-15、或約300 IU/mL之IL-15至約100 IU/mL之IL-15或約200 IU/mL之IL-15、或約180 IU/mL之IL-15。In certain embodiments, the expansion medium comprises about 500 IU/mL of IL-15, about 400 IU/mL of IL-15, about 300 IU/mL of IL-15, about 200 IU/mL of IL-15 , about 180 IU/mL of IL-15, about 160 IU/mL of IL-15, about 140 IU/mL of IL-15, about 120 IU/mL of IL-15, or about 100 IU/mL of IL-15 15, or about 500 IU/mL of IL-15 to about 100 IU/mL of IL-15, or about 400 IU/mL of IL-15 to about 100 IU/mL of IL-15, or about 300 IU/mL of IL-15 to about 100 IU/mL of IL-15 or about 200 IU/mL of IL-15, or about 180 IU/mL of IL-15.
在一些實施例中,擴增培養基包含約20 IU/mL之IL-21、約15 IU/mL之IL-21、約12 IU/mL之IL-21、約10 IU/mL之IL-21、約5 IU/mL之IL-21、約4 IU/mL之IL-21、約3 IU/mL之IL-21、約2 IU/mL之IL-21、約1 IU/mL之IL-21、或約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21、或約20 IU/mL之IL-21至約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21、或約15 IU/mL之IL-21至約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21、或約12 IU/mL之IL-21至約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21、或約10 IU/mL之IL-21至約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21、或約5 IU/mL之IL-21至約1 IU/mL之IL-21、或約2 IU/mL之IL-21。在一些實施例中,細胞培養基包含約1 IU/mL之IL-21或約0.5 IU/mL之IL-21。In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises about 20 IU/mL of IL-21, about 15 IU/mL of IL-21, about 12 IU/mL of IL-21, about 10 IU/mL of IL-21, IL-21 at about 5 IU/mL, IL-21 at about 4 IU/mL, IL-21 at about 3 IU/mL, IL-21 at about 2 IU/mL, IL-21 at about 1 IU/mL, or about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21, or about 20 IU/mL of IL-21 to about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21, or about 15 IU/mL of IL-21 to about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21 -21, or about 12 IU/mL of IL-21 to about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21, or about 10 IU/mL of IL-21 to about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21, or about 5 IU/mL mL of IL-21 to about 1 IU/mL of IL-21, or about 2 IU/mL of IL-21. In some embodiments, the cell culture medium comprises about 1 IU/mL of IL-21 or about 0.5 IU/mL of IL-21.
在一些實施例中,抗原呈現飼養細胞(APC)為PBMC。在實施例中,在擴增中嵌合蛋白細胞與PBMC及/或抗原呈現細胞之比率為約1:25、約1:50、約1:100、約1:125、約1:150、約1:175、約1:200、約1:225、約1:250、約1:275、約1:300、約1:325、約1:350、約1:375、約1:400或約1:500、或介於1:50至1:300之間、或介於1:100與1:200之間。In some embodiments, the antigen presenting feeder cells (APCs) are PBMCs. In an embodiment, the ratio of chimeric protein cells to PBMC and/or antigen presenting cells in the expansion is about 1:25, about 1:50, about 1:100, about 1:125, about 1:150, about 1:175, approximately 1:200, approximately 1:225, approximately 1:250, approximately 1:275, approximately 1:300, approximately 1:325, approximately 1:350, approximately 1:375, approximately 1:400 or approximately 1:500, or between 1:50 and 1:300, or between 1:100 and 1:200.
在某些態樣中,T細胞之主要刺激信號及共刺激信號可藉由不同方案提供。舉例而言,提供各信號之試劑可在溶液中或偶合至表面。當偶合至表面時,試劑可偶合至同一表面(亦即,以「順式」形式)或偶合至獨立表面(亦即,以「反式」形式)。或者,一種試劑可偶合至表面且另一試劑在溶液中。在一個態樣中,提供協同刺激信號之試劑結合至細胞表面且提供初級活化信號之試劑在溶液中或偶合至表面。在某些態樣中,兩種試劑可在溶液中。在一個態樣中,該等試劑可呈可溶形式,且隨後交聯至表面(諸如表現Fc受體之細胞,或抗體,或將結合於該等試劑之其他結合劑)。就此而言,人工抗原呈現細胞(aAPC)參見例如美國專利申請公開案第20040101519號及第20060034810號,其預期在本發明中用於活化及擴增T細胞。In certain aspects, the primary and costimulatory signals for T cells can be provided by different protocols. For example, the reagents that provide each signal can be in solution or coupled to a surface. When coupled to surfaces, the reagents can be coupled to the same surface (ie, in the "cis" form) or to a separate surface (ie, in the "trans" form). Alternatively, one reagent can be coupled to the surface and the other reagent in solution. In one aspect, the agent providing the costimulatory signal is bound to the cell surface and the agent providing the primary activation signal is in solution or coupled to the surface. In some aspects, the two reagents can be in solution. In one aspect, the agents can be in soluble form and subsequently cross-linked to a surface (such as cells expressing Fc receptors, or antibodies, or other binding agents that will bind to the agents). In this regard, see, eg, US Patent Application Publication Nos. 20040101519 and 20060034810, artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs), which are contemplated for use in the present invention to activate and expand T cells.
在一個態樣中,兩種試劑固定於珠粒上,在同一珠粒上,亦即「順」;或在獨立珠粒上,亦即「反」。舉例而言,提供初級活化信號之試劑為抗CD3抗體或其抗原結合片段且提供共刺激信號之試劑為抗CD28抗體或其抗原結合片段;且兩種試劑以等效分子量共同固定於同一珠粒。在一個態樣中,使用結合於用於CD4+ T細胞擴增及T細胞生長之珠粒的1:1比率之各抗體。在本發明之某些態樣中,使用一定比率之結合於珠粒之抗CD3:CD28抗體,使得觀測到T細胞擴增相較於使用1:1比率所觀測到的擴增增加。在一個特定態樣中,相較於使用1:1比率觀測到之擴增而言觀測到約1倍至約3倍之增加。在一個態樣中,結合至珠粒之CD3:CD28抗體的比率在100:1到1:100及其間的所有整數值範圍內。在本發明之一個態樣中,結合至粒子的抗CD28抗體比抗CD3抗體多,亦即,CD3:CD28比率小於一。在本發明之某些態樣中,結合於珠粒之抗CD28抗體與抗CD3抗體之比率大於2:1。在一個特定態樣中,使用1:100之結合於珠粒的抗體CD3:CD28比率。在一個態樣中,使用1:75之結合於珠粒的抗體CD3:CD28比率。在另一態樣中,使用1:50之結合於珠粒的CD3:CD28抗體比率。在一個態樣中,使用1:30之結合至珠粒的CD3:CD28抗體比率。在一個較佳態樣中,使用1:10之結合於珠粒的抗體CD3:CD28比率。在一個態樣中,使用1:3之結合於珠粒的CD3:CD28抗體比率。在又一個態樣中,使用3:1之結合於珠粒的抗體CD3:CD28比率。In one aspect, the two reagents are immobilized on beads, either on the same bead, ie, "cis"; or on separate beads, ie, "trans." For example, the reagent providing the primary activation signal is an anti-CD3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and the reagent providing the costimulatory signal is an anti-CD28 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof; and the two reagents are co-immobilized on the same bead with equivalent molecular weights . In one aspect, a 1:1 ratio of each antibody bound to beads for CD4+ T cell expansion and T cell growth is used. In certain aspects of the invention, a ratio of anti-CD3:CD28 antibodies bound to beads is used such that increased T cell expansion is observed as compared to that observed using a 1:1 ratio. In one particular aspect, an about 1-fold to about 3-fold increase is observed compared to the amplification observed using a 1:1 ratio. In one aspect, the ratio of CD3:CD28 antibody bound to the beads is in the range of 100:1 to 1:100 and all integer values in between. In one aspect of the invention, more anti-CD28 antibody is bound to the particle than anti-CD3 antibody, ie, the CD3:CD28 ratio is less than one. In certain aspects of the invention, the ratio of anti-CD28 antibody to anti-CD3 antibody bound to the beads is greater than 2:1. In a specific aspect, a 1:100 ratio of antibody CD3:CD28 bound to beads is used. In one aspect, a 1:75 ratio of antibody CD3:CD28 bound to beads is used. In another aspect, a 1:50 ratio of CD3:CD28 antibody bound to beads is used. In one aspect, a 1:30 ratio of CD3:CD28 antibody bound to the beads is used. In a preferred aspect, a 1:10 ratio of antibody CD3:CD28 bound to beads is used. In one aspect, a 1:3 ratio of CD3:CD28 antibody bound to beads is used. In yet another aspect, a 3:1 ratio of bead-bound antibody CD3:CD28 is used.
可使用1:500至500:1及其間之任何整數值的粒子與細胞之比率刺激T細胞或其他目標細胞。如一般技術者可容易瞭解,粒子與細胞之比率可視相對於目標細胞之粒徑而定。舉例而言,小型珠粒可僅結合少數細胞,而較大珠粒可結合許多細胞。在某些態樣中,細胞與粒子之比率在1:100至100:1及其間之任何整數值範圍內,且在其他態樣中,包含1:9至9:1及其間之任何整數值的比率亦可用於刺激T細胞。導致T細胞刺激的抗CD3及抗CD28偶合粒子比T細胞之比率可如上所指變化,然而,某些較佳值包括1:100、1:50、1:40、1:30、1:20、1:10、1:9、1:8、1:7、1:6、1:5、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1、6:1、7:1、8:1、9:1、10:1及15:1,一個較佳比率為至少1:1粒子/T細胞。在一個態樣中,使用1:1或更小的粒子與細胞之比率。在一個特定態樣中,較佳粒子:細胞比率為1:5。在其他態樣中,粒子與細胞之比率可視刺激天數而變化。舉例而言,在一個態樣中,粒子與細胞之比率在第一天為1:1至10:1,且其後每天或每隔一天向細胞添加額外粒子長達10天,最終比率為1:1至1:10 (以添加當天之細胞計數計)。在一個特定態樣中,刺激第一天粒子與細胞之比率為1:1且在刺激第三天及第五天調整至1:5。在一個態樣中,在每天或每隔一天基礎上添加粒子直至第一天的最終比率為1:1,且刺激第三天及第五天為1:5。在一個態樣中,粒子與細胞之比率在刺激第一天為2:1且在刺激第三天及第五天調整至1:10。在一個態樣中,在每天或每隔一天基礎上添加粒子直至第一天的最終比率為1:1,且刺激第三天及第五天為1:10。熟習此項技術者將瞭解多種其他比率可適於本發明。詳言之,比率將視粒徑及細胞尺寸及類型而變化。在一態樣中,第一天使用之最典型比率為約1:1、2:1及3:1。T cells or other target cells can be stimulated using particle to cell ratios of 1:500 to 500:1 and any integer value in between. As can be readily understood by those of ordinary skill, the ratio of particles to cells can be determined relative to the particle size of the target cells. For example, small beads can bind only a few cells, while larger beads can bind many cells. In certain aspects, the ratio of cells to particles is in the range of 1:100 to 100:1 and any integer value in between, and in other aspects, including 1:9 to 9:1 and any integer value in between The ratio can also be used to stimulate T cells. The ratio of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 coupled particles to T cells resulting in T cell stimulation can vary as indicated above, however, some preferred values include 1:100, 1:50, 1:40, 1:30, 1:20 , 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4 :1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1 and 15:1, a preferred ratio is at least 1:1 particles/T cells. In one aspect, a particle to cell ratio of 1:1 or less is used. In a particular aspect, the preferred particle:cell ratio is 1:5. In other aspects, the ratio of particles to cells may vary depending on the number of days of stimulation. For example, in one aspect, the ratio of particles to cells is 1:1 to 10:1 on the first day, and additional particles are added to cells every day or every other day thereafter for up to 10 days, resulting in a final ratio of 1 :1 to 1:10 (based on cell counts on the day of addition). In one particular aspect, the ratio of particles to cells is 1:1 on the first day of stimulation and adjusted to 1:5 on the third and fifth days of stimulation. In one aspect, particles are added on a daily or every other day basis until a final ratio of 1:1 on day one, and 1:5 on days three and five of stimulation. In one aspect, the ratio of particles to cells is 2:1 on the first day of stimulation and adjusted to 1:10 on the third and fifth days of stimulation. In one aspect, particles are added on a daily or every other day basis up to a final ratio of 1:1 on the first day and 1:10 on the third and fifth days of stimulation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various other ratios may be suitable for the present invention. In particular, the ratio will vary depending on particle size and cell size and type. In one aspect, the most typical ratios used on the first day are about 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1.
在本發明之其他態樣中,細胞(諸如T細胞)與經試劑塗佈之珠粒組合,隨後分離珠粒與細胞,且隨後培養細胞。在替代態樣中,在培養之前,經試劑塗佈之珠粒及細胞不分離,而是一起培養。在另一態樣中,珠粒及細胞首先藉由施加力(諸如磁力)集中,導致細胞表面標記之接合增加,進而誘導細胞刺激。In other aspects of the invention, cells, such as T cells, are combined with reagent-coated beads, the beads and cells are then separated, and the cells are then cultured. In an alternative aspect, the reagent-coated beads and cells are not separated but cultured together prior to culturing. In another aspect, beads and cells are first focused by applying a force, such as a magnetic force, resulting in increased engagement of cell surface markers, which in turn induces cell stimulation.
基於病毒及非病毒之基因工程改造工具可用於產生嵌合蛋白細胞,包括(但不限於) T細胞、導致治療性基因之永久或短暫表現的NK細胞。基於反轉錄病毒之基因遞送為成熟的充分表徵之技術,其已用於將CAR永久地整合至宿主細胞基因組中(Scholler J., 例如Decade-long safety and function of retroviral-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Sci. Transl. Med. 2012;4:132ra53; Rosenberg S.A.等人,Gene transfer into humans - immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma, using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transduction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990;323:570-578)Viral and non-viral based genetic engineering tools can be used to generate chimeric protein cells, including but not limited to T cells, NK cells that result in permanent or transient expression of therapeutic genes. Retroviral-based gene delivery is a mature and well-characterized technology that has been used to permanently integrate CARs into the host cell genome (Scholler J., eg, Decade-long safety and function of retroviral-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells). 2012;4:132ra53; Rosenberg S.A. et al., Gene transfer into humans - immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma, using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transduction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990 ;323:570-578)
亦可使用非病毒DNA轉染方法。舉例而言,Singh等人描述使用經開發用於對CAR T細胞進行工程改造之睡美人(SB)轉座子系統(Singh H.等人,Redirecting specificity of T-cell populations for CD19 using the Sleeping Beauty system. Cancer Res. 2008;68:2961-2971)且用於臨床試驗中(參見例如ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00968760及NCT01653717)。相同技術適用於對嵌合蛋白細胞進行工程改造。Non-viral DNA transfection methods can also be used. For example, Singh et al. describe the use of a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system developed for engineering CAR T cells (Singh H. et al., Redirecting specificity of T-cell populations for CD19 using the Sleeping Beauty system. Cancer Res. 2008;68:2961-2971) and used in clinical trials (see eg ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00968760 and NCT01653717). The same technique is suitable for engineering chimeric protein cells.
已使用多種SB酶遞送轉基因。Mátés描述在與第一代轉座酶相比時效率提高約100倍之高度活性轉座酶(SB100X)。SB100X支援富集於造血幹細胞或前驅細胞中之人類CD34(+)細胞的35至50%穩定基因轉移(Mátés L.等人,Molecular evolution of a novel hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:753-761)且多個轉基因可自多順反子單質體(例如Thokala R.等人,Redirecting specificity of T cells using the Sleeping Beauty system to express chimeric antigen receptors by mix-and-matching of VL and VH domains targeting CD123+ tumors. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0159477)或多個質體(例如,Hurton L.V.等人,Tethered IL-15 augments antitumor activity and promotes a stem-cell memory subset in tumor-specific T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016;113:E7788-E7797)遞送。此類系統與本發明之嵌合蛋白一起使用。Transgenes have been delivered using a variety of SB enzymes. Mátés describes a highly active transposase (SB100X) that is approximately 100-fold more efficient when compared to first generation transposases. SB100X supports 35 to 50% stable gene transfer of human CD34(+) cells enriched in hematopoietic stem or precursor cells (Mátés L. et al., Molecular evolution of a novel hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:753-761) and multiple transgenes can be derived from polycistronic monomers (eg Thokala R. et al., Redirecting specificity of T cells using the Sleeping Beauty system to express chimeric antigen receptors by mix- and-matching of VL and VH domains targeting CD123+ tumors. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0159477) or multiple plastids (e.g., Hurton L.V. et al., Tethered IL-15 augments antitumor activity and promotes a stem-cell memory subset in tumor-specific T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016;113:E7788-E7797) delivery. Such systems are used with the chimeric proteins of the present invention.
Morita等人描述用以整合較大轉基因之piggyBac轉座子系統(Morita D.等人,Enhanced expression of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in piggyBac transposon-engineered T cells. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 2017;8:131-140)。Nakazawa等人描述使用該系統產生表現HER2特異性嵌合抗原受體之EBV特異性細胞毒性T細胞(Nakazawa Y等人,PiggyBac-mediated cancer immunotherapy using EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells expressing HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor. Mol. Ther. 2011;19:2133-2143)。Manuri等人使用該系統產生CD-19特異性T細胞(Manuri P.V.R.等人,piggyBac transposon/transposase system to generate CD19-specific T cells for the treatment of B-lineage malignancies. Hum. Gene Ther. 2010;21:427-437)。Morita et al. describe a piggyBac transposon system for integrating larger transgenes (Morita D. et al., Enhanced expression of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in piggyBac transposon-engineered T cells. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 2017 ;8:131-140). Nakazawa et al. describe the use of this system to generate EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells expressing HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptors (Nakazawa Y et al., PiggyBac-mediated cancer immunotherapy using EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells expressing HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor. Mol. Ther. 2011;19:2133-2143). Manuri et al. used this system to generate CD-19-specific T cells (Manuri P.V.R. et al., piggyBac transposon/transposase system to generate CD19-specific T cells for the treatment of B-lineage malignancies. Hum. Gene Ther. 2010;21: 427-437).
轉座子技術為容易且經濟的。一個潛在缺點為當前採用之較長擴增方案可能導致T細胞分化、減弱之活性及輸注細胞之不良留存性。Monjezi等人描述開發微型環載體,其經由較高效率整合使此等困難降至最低(Monjezi R.等人,Enhanced CAR T-cell engineering using non-viral Sleeping Beauty transposition from minicircle vectors. Leukemia. 2017;31:186-194)。此等轉座子技術可用於本發明之嵌合蛋白。Transposon technology is easy and economical. A potential disadvantage is that currently employed longer expansion protocols may result in T cell differentiation, diminished activity, and poor survival of infused cells. Monjezi et al. describe the development of minicircle vectors that minimize these difficulties via higher efficiency integration (Monjezi R. et al., Enhanced CAR T-cell engineering using non-viral Sleeping Beauty transposition from minicircle vectors. Leukemia. 2017; 31:186-194). These transposon technologies can be used in the chimeric proteins of the present invention.
本發明亦關於一種醫藥組合物,其含有本發明之載體或嵌合蛋白表現細胞以及醫藥學上可接受之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑及視情況選用之一或多種其他醫藥活性多肽及/或化合物。The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier or chimeric protein-expressing cell of the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and optionally one or more other pharmaceutically active polypeptides and / or compound.
在一些實施例中,提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含上文所描述之嵌合蛋白及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。在一些實施例中,提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含編碼根據上文所述實施例中之任一者之嵌合蛋白的核酸及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。在一些實施例中,提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含表現上述嵌合蛋白之效應細胞及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。此類調配物可例如呈適合於靜脈內輸注之形式。In some embodiments, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the chimeric protein described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric protein according to any of the above-described embodiments and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising effector cells expressing the chimeric protein described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such formulations may, for example, be in a form suitable for intravenous infusion.
如本文所用,「醫藥學上可接受」或「藥理學相容性」意謂在生物學上或在其他方面無不良影響之材料,例如,該材料可併入投與患者之醫藥組合物中而不會引起任何顯著不良生物學效應或以有害方式與含有其之組合物中的任何其他組分相互作用。醫藥學上可接受之載劑或賦形劑較佳滿足毒理學及製造測試之必需標準及/或包括於美國食品藥物管理局(U.S. Food and Drug administration)製定之非活性成分指南(Inactive Ingredient Guide)中。As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable" or "pharmacologically compatible" means a material that is biologically or otherwise not adversely affected, eg, can be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to a patient without causing any significant adverse biological effects or interacting in a detrimental manner with any other component of the composition containing it. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient preferably meets the necessary criteria for toxicology and manufacturing testing and/or includes the Inactive Ingredient Guidelines (Inactive Ingredient) established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guide).
本發明之一態樣提供表現重組嵌合蛋白之經修飾T細胞群體。適合群體可藉由上文所描述之方法產生。One aspect of the present invention provides populations of modified T cells expressing recombinant chimeric proteins. Suitable populations can be generated by the methods described above.
經修飾T細胞之群體可用作藥劑。舉例而言,如本文中所描述之經修飾T細胞的群體可用於癌症免疫療法療法,例如過繼T細胞療法中。Populations of modified T cells can be used as pharmaceutical agents. For example, populations of modified T cells as described herein can be used in cancer immunotherapy therapy, such as adoptive T cell therapy.
本發明之其他態樣提供如本文所描述之經修飾T細胞群體用於製造供治療癌症用之藥劑的用途、用於治療癌症之如本文所描述之經修飾T細胞群體,且治療癌症之方法可包含向有需要之個體投與如本文所述之經修飾T細胞群體。Other aspects of the invention provide the use of a population of modified T cells as described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer, a population of modified T cells as described herein for treating cancer, and methods of treating cancer Administration of a population of modified T cells as described herein to an individual in need thereof can be included.
經修飾T細胞群體可為自體的,亦即,經修飾T細胞最初自其隨後投與其之同一個體獲得(亦即供體及接受者個體相同)。適用於向個體投與之經修飾T細胞群體可藉由包含以下之方法產生:提供自個體獲得之初始T細胞群體;修飾T細胞以表現cAMP PDE或其片段及特異性結合於受試者中之癌細胞之抗原受體;及培養經修飾T細胞。A population of modified T cells can be autologous, ie, the modified T cells were originally obtained from the same individual to which they were subsequently administered (ie, the donor and recipient individuals are the same). A population of modified T cells suitable for administration to an individual can be generated by a method comprising: providing a naive population of T cells obtained from the individual; modifying the T cells to express cAMP PDE or a fragment thereof and specifically bind to the subject antigen receptors of cancer cells; and cultured modified T cells.
經修飾T細胞群體可為同種異體的,亦即經修飾T細胞最初自不同個體獲得至其隨後投與之受試者(亦即供體及受體受試者不同)。供體及接受者個體可為HLA匹配的,以避免GVHD及其他不合需要之免疫效應。適用於向接受者個體投與之經修飾T細胞群體可藉由包含以下之方法產生:提供自供體受試者獲得之初始T細胞群體;修飾T細胞以表現特異性結合於受體受試者中之癌細胞的嵌合細胞;及培養經修飾T細胞。A population of modified T cells can be allogeneic, ie, the modified T cells are initially obtained from different individuals to the subjects to which they are subsequently administered (ie, the donor and recipient subjects are different). Donor and recipient individuals may be HLA matched to avoid GVHD and other undesirable immune effects. Populations of modified T cells suitable for administration to recipient individuals can be generated by methods comprising: providing an initial population of T cells obtained from a donor subject; modifying T cells to exhibit specific binding to the recipient subject chimeric cells in cancer cells; and cultured modified T cells.
在投與經修飾之T細胞之後,接受者個體可展現針對接受者個體中之癌細胞的T細胞介導之免疫反應。此可對個體中之癌症病狀具有有益作用。Following administration of the modified T cells, the recipient individual can exhibit a T cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells in the recipient individual. This can have a beneficial effect on the condition of cancer in an individual.
癌症病狀的特徵可在於惡性癌細胞之異常增殖且可包括白血病,諸如AML、CML、ALL及CLL;淋巴瘤,諸如霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤及多發性骨髓瘤;及實體癌,諸如肉瘤、皮膚癌、黑色素瘤、膀胱癌、腦癌、乳癌、子宮癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮頸癌、肝癌、頭頸癌、食道癌、胰臟癌、腎癌、腎上腺癌、胃癌、睪丸癌、膽囊及膽道癌、甲狀腺癌、胸腺癌、骨癌、腦癌以及未知原發性癌症(CUP)。Cancer conditions can be characterized by abnormal proliferation of malignant cancer cells and can include leukemias, such as AML, CML, ALL, and CLL; lymphomas, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma; and Solid cancers such as sarcoma, skin cancer, melanoma, bladder, brain, breast, uterus, ovary, prostate, lung, colorectal, cervix, liver, head and neck, esophagus, pancreas , kidney cancer, adrenal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, thyroid cancer, thymic cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer and cancer of unknown primary (CUP).
個體內之癌細胞可與受試者中之正常體細胞免疫不同(亦即癌性腫瘤可為免疫原性的)。舉例而言,癌細胞可能能夠在個體中誘發針對癌細胞所表現之一或多種抗原的全身性免疫反應。引發免疫反應之腫瘤抗原可對癌細胞具有特異性或可由個體中之一或多個正常細胞共有。Cancer cells in an individual can be immunologically distinct from normal somatic cells in a subject (ie, cancerous tumors can be immunogenic). For example, cancer cells may be able to induce a systemic immune response in an individual against one or more antigens displayed by the cancer cells. Tumor antigens that elicit an immune response may be specific to cancer cells or may be shared by one or more normal cells in an individual.
適合於如上文所描述治療之個體可為哺乳動物,諸如嚙齒動物(例如天竺鼠、倉鼠、大鼠、小鼠)、鼠類(例如小鼠)、犬類(例如犬)、貓類(例如貓)、馬類(例如馬)、靈長類動物、猿猴(例如猴或類人猿)、猴(例如狨猴、狒狒)、類人猿(例如大猩猩、黑猩猩、紅毛猩猩、長臂猿)或人類。Individuals suitable for treatment as described above may be mammals, such as rodents (eg, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, mice), murine (eg, mice), canines (eg, dogs), felines (eg, cats) ), equine (eg, horse), primate, simian (eg, monkey or great ape), monkey (eg, marmoset, baboon), ape (eg, gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon), or human.
在較佳實施例中,個體為人類。在其他較佳實施例中,可採用非人類哺乳動物,尤其習知地用作在人類(例如鼠類、靈長類動物、豬、犬或兔動物)中展現治療功效之模型的哺乳動物。In a preferred embodiment, the individual is a human. In other preferred embodiments, non-human mammals may be employed, particularly mammals conventionally used as models for demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in humans (eg, murine, primate, porcine, canine, or rabbit animals).
術語「治療有效量」係指如本文所揭示之嵌合蛋白或包含嵌合蛋白之組合物在個體中有效「治療」疾病或病症的量。在癌症的情況下,如本文所揭示之嵌合蛋白或包含嵌合蛋白之組合物的治療有效量可以減少癌細胞數目;減小腫瘤尺寸或重量;抑制(亦即在一定程度上減緩且較佳為終止)癌細胞浸潤至周邊器官;抑制(亦即在一定程度上減緩且較佳為終止)腫瘤轉移;在一定程度上抑制腫瘤生長;及/或在一定程度上減輕一或多種與癌症有關的症狀。在如本文所揭示之嵌合蛋白或包含嵌合蛋白之組合物可阻止生長及/或殺死現有癌細胞之程度上,其可為細胞生長抑制及/或細胞毒性的。在一些實施例中,治療有效量為生長抑制量。在一些實施例中,治療有效量為改良患者之無進展存活期的量。在諸如病毒感染之傳染性疾病之情況下,如本文所揭示之嵌合蛋白或包含嵌合蛋白之組合物的治療有效量可減少受到病原體感染之細胞的數目;減少源自病原體之抗原的產生或釋放;抑制(亦即在一定程度上減緩且較佳終止)病原體擴散至未感染細胞中;及/或在一定程度上減輕一或多種與感染相關之症狀。在一些實施例中,治療有效量為延長患者存活期之量。The term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount of a chimeric protein or a composition comprising a chimeric protein as disclosed herein that is effective to "treat" a disease or disorder in an individual. In the case of cancer, a therapeutically effective amount of a chimeric protein or a composition comprising a chimeric protein as disclosed herein can reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce tumor size or weight; preferably stop) infiltration of cancer cells into surrounding organs; inhibit (ie, to some extent slow and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; to some extent inhibit tumor growth; related symptoms. To the extent that a chimeric protein or a composition comprising a chimeric protein as disclosed herein can prevent growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it can be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount is a growth inhibitory amount. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount that improves progression-free survival in a patient. In the case of infectious diseases such as viral infections, a therapeutically effective amount of a chimeric protein or a composition comprising a chimeric protein as disclosed herein can reduce the number of cells infected by a pathogen; reduce the production of pathogen-derived antigens or release; inhibit (ie, to some extent slow and preferably stop) the spread of pathogens into uninfected cells; and/or alleviate to some extent one or more symptoms associated with infection. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount that prolongs patient survival.
用於本發明之方法中的表現嵌合蛋白之細胞,包括T及NK細胞,可自患者自身周邊血液(自體)離體產生,或在來自供體周邊血液(同種異體)或未連接供體(同種異體)之周邊血液的造血幹細胞移植環境中產生。或者,T細胞或NK細胞可衍生自誘導性前驅細胞或胚胎前驅細胞向T細胞或NK細胞之活體內分化。在此等情況下,藉由引入編碼嵌合蛋白及視情況選用之CAR及/或TCR之DNA或RNA,藉由包括用病毒載體轉導、用DNA或RNA轉染之許多方式中之一者產生表現嵌合蛋白及視情況選用之CAR及/或TCR之T細胞。Chimeric protein-expressing cells, including T and NK cells, for use in the methods of the invention can be produced ex vivo from the patient's own peripheral blood (autologous), or in peripheral blood from a donor (allogeneic) or unconnected donor. produced in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in peripheral blood of the body (allogeneic). Alternatively, T cells or NK cells can be derived from in vivo differentiation of inducible precursor cells or embryonic precursor cells to T cells or NK cells. In these cases, by introducing DNA or RNA encoding the chimeric protein and optionally the CAR and/or TCR, by one of many means including transduction with viral vectors, transfection with DNA or RNA T cells expressing the chimeric protein and optionally CAR and/or TCR are generated.
表現本發明之嵌合蛋白且視情況表現TCR及/或CAR之T或NK細胞可用於治療血液癌或實體腫瘤。T or NK cells expressing the chimeric proteins of the present invention, and optionally TCR and/or CAR, can be used to treat hematological cancers or solid tumors.
用於治療疾病之方法係關於本發明之載體或細胞(包括T或NK細胞)之治療用途。就此而言,載體或T或NK細胞可投與患有現有疾病或病狀之受試者以便減輕、減少或改良至少一種與疾病相關之症狀及/或減緩、減少或阻斷疾病進展。本發明之方法可引起或促進T細胞介導之癌細胞殺滅。根據本發明之載體或T或NK細胞可與一或多種另外的治療劑一起投與患者。一或多種另外的治療劑可共投與患者。「共投與」意謂在時間上足夠接近地投與一或多種另外治療劑及本發明之載體或T或NK細胞以使得載體或T或NK細胞可增強一或多種另外治療劑之作用,或反之亦然。就此而言,首先可投與載體或細胞,且其次可投與一或多種另外治療劑,或反之亦然。或者,載體或細胞及一或多種另外治療劑可同時投與。可能適用的一種共投與治療劑為IL-2,因為其當前用於現有細胞療法中以加強所投與細胞之活性。然而,IL-2治療與毒性及耐受性問題相關。Methods for treating disease relate to the therapeutic use of the vectors or cells of the invention, including T or NK cells. In this regard, the vector or T or NK cells can be administered to a subject with an existing disease or condition in order to alleviate, reduce or ameliorate at least one disease-related symptom and/or slow, reduce or block disease progression. The methods of the present invention can cause or promote T cell mediated killing of cancer cells. The vector or T or NK cells according to the invention can be administered to a patient together with one or more additional therapeutic agents. One or more additional therapeutic agents can be co-administered to the patient. "Co-administration" means administering one or more additional therapeutic agents and a vector or T or NK cell of the invention sufficiently close in time so that the vector or T or NK cell can enhance the effect of the one or more additional therapeutic agents, or vice versa. In this regard, the vector or cell can be administered first, and the one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered second, or vice versa. Alternatively, the vector or cells and one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered simultaneously. One potentially useful co-administered therapeutic agent is IL-2, as it is currently used in existing cell therapy to enhance the activity of administered cells. However, IL-2 therapy is associated with toxicity and tolerability issues.
如所提及,為了向患者投與,嵌合蛋白效應細胞對於患者可為同種異體或自體的。在某些實施例中,同種異體細胞進一步例如藉由基因編輯經基改,以便使針對嵌合蛋白細胞之GVHD及/或患者免疫反應降至最低或對其進行預防。As mentioned, for administration to a patient, the chimeric protein effector cells can be allogeneic or autologous to the patient. In certain embodiments, the allogeneic cells are further genetically modified, such as by gene editing, to minimize or prevent GVHD and/or patient immune responses to the chimeric protein cells.
嵌合蛋白效應細胞用於治療與目標抗原相關之癌症及贅生性疾病。可使用本文所描述之方法中的任一者治療之癌症及贅生性疾病包括未血管化或尚未實質上血管化之腫瘤,以及血管化腫瘤。癌症可包含非實體腫瘤(諸如血液腫瘤,例如白血病及淋巴瘤)或可包含實體腫瘤。待用本發明之嵌合蛋白效應細胞治療之癌症的類型包括(但不限於)癌瘤、母細胞瘤及肉瘤,以及某些白血病或淋巴惡性病、良性及惡性腫瘤,以及例如肉瘤、癌瘤與黑色素瘤等惡性病。成人腫瘤/癌症及小兒腫瘤/癌症亦包括在內。Chimeric protein effector cells are used to treat cancers and neoplastic diseases associated with target antigens. Cancers and neoplastic diseases that can be treated using any of the methods described herein include tumors that are not vascularized or not substantially vascularized, as well as vascularized tumors. Cancers may comprise non-solid tumors (such as hematological tumors, eg, leukemias and lymphomas) or may comprise solid tumors. The types of cancers to be treated with the chimeric protein effector cells of the invention include, but are not limited to, carcinomas, blastomas, and sarcomas, as well as certain leukemias or lymphoid malignancies, benign and malignant tumors, and, for example, sarcomas, carcinomas Malignant diseases such as melanoma. Adult Oncology/Cancer and Pediatric Oncology/Cancer are also included.
血液癌為血液或骨髓之癌症。血液(或血性)癌之實例包括白血病,包括急性白血病(諸如急性淋巴球性白血病、急性骨髓細胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病及骨髓母細胞性、前髓細胞性、骨髓單核球性、單核球性及紅白血病)、慢性白血病(諸如慢性骨髓細胞性(粒細胞性)白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病及慢性淋巴球性白血病)、真性紅血球增多症、淋巴瘤、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(頑固性及高級形式)、多發性骨髓瘤、漿細胞瘤、瓦爾登斯特倫氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia)、重鏈病、骨髓發育不良症候群、毛細胞白血病及骨髓發育不良。Blood cancers are cancers of the blood or bone marrow. Examples of hematological (or bloody) cancers include leukemias, including acute leukemias such as acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and myeloblastoid, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, monocytic erythrocytic leukemia), chronic leukemia (such as chronic myelocytic (myeloid) leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia), polycythemia vera, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease disease), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (refractory and advanced forms), multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, myelodysplasia syndrome, hairy cell leukemia, and myelodysplasia.
實體腫瘤為通常不含有囊腫或液體區域之異常組織塊體。實體腫瘤可為良性或惡性的。不同類型的實體腫瘤關於形成其之細胞類型命名(諸如肉瘤、癌瘤及淋巴瘤)。諸如肉瘤及癌瘤之實體腫瘤之實例包括腎上腺皮質癌、膽管癌、纖維肉瘤、黏液肉瘤、脂肉瘤、軟骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤及其他肉瘤、滑膜瘤、間皮瘤、尤文氏腫瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、結腸癌、胃癌、淋巴惡性病、胰臟癌、乳癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肝細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、甲狀腺癌(例如,甲狀腺髓質癌及乳頭狀甲狀腺癌)、嗜鉻細胞瘤、皮脂腺癌、乳頭狀癌、乳頭狀腺癌、髓質癌、支氣管癌、腎細胞癌、肝癌、膽管癌、絨膜癌、威爾姆氏瘤(Wilms' tumor)、子宮頸癌(例如,子宮頸癌瘤及侵襲前子宮頸發育不良)、結腸直腸癌、肛門癌、肛管癌或肛腸癌、陰道癌、外陰癌(例如,鱗狀細胞癌、上皮內癌、腺癌及纖維肉瘤)、陰莖癌、口咽癌、食道癌、頭癌(例如,鱗狀細胞癌)、頸癌(例如,鱗狀細胞癌)、睪丸癌(例如,精細胞癌、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎瘤、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、萊迪希氏細胞瘤、纖維瘤、纖維腺瘤、腺瘤樣腫瘤及脂肪瘤)、膀胱癌、腎癌、黑色素瘤、子宮癌(例如,子宮內膜癌)、尿道上皮癌(例如,鱗狀細胞癌、移行細胞癌、腺癌、輸尿管癌及膀胱癌)、以及CNS腫瘤(諸如神經膠質瘤(諸如腦幹神經膠質瘤及混合神經膠質瘤)、神經膠母細胞瘤(亦稱為多形性神經膠母細胞瘤)、星形細胞瘤、CNS淋巴瘤、胚細胞瘤、神經管胚細胞瘤、神經鞘瘤、顱咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果體瘤、血管母細胞瘤、聽神經瘤、少突神經膠質瘤、腦膜瘤、神經母細胞瘤、視網膜母細胞瘤及腦轉移瘤)。Solid tumors are abnormal tissue masses that usually do not contain cysts or areas of fluid. Solid tumors can be benign or malignant. Different types of solid tumors are named for the cell type that forms them (such as sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas). Examples of solid tumors such as sarcomas and carcinomas include adrenocortical carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and other sarcomas, synovial tumor, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma , rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoid malignancies, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma (e.g. , medullary thyroid cancer and papillary thyroid cancer), pheochromocytoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, Wilms' tumor, cervical cancer (eg, cervical carcinoma and preinvasive cervical dysplasia), colorectal, anal, anal or anorectal, vaginal, vulvar (eg. , squamous cell carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and fibrosarcoma), penile carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, head carcinoma (eg, squamous cell carcinoma), neck cancer (eg, squamous cell carcinoma), testicular carcinoma Carcinomas (eg, sperm cell carcinoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, Leydig cell tumor, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatous tumor, and lipoma), bladder cancer, kidney cancer, melanoma, uterine cancer (eg, endometrial cancer), urothelial cancer (eg, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ureteral carcinoma, and bladder cancer), and CNS tumors (such as nerve Glioma (such as brain stem glioma and mixed glioma), glioblastoma (also known as glioblastoma pleomorphism), astrocytoma, CNS lymphoma, blastoma, neural tube blastoma, schwannoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pineal tumor, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and brain metastases).
當指示「免疫有效量」、「抗腫瘤有效量」、「腫瘤抑制有效量」或「治療量」時,待投與之本發明組合物之精確量可由醫師考慮個體之年齡、體重、腫瘤大小、感染或轉移程度及患者(受試者)病狀的差異來決定。一般可規定包含本文所描述之T細胞之醫藥組合物可以10
4至10
9個細胞/公斤體重,在一些情況下10
5至10
6個細胞/公斤體重(包括彼等範圍內之全部整數值)之劑量投與。T細胞組合物亦可以此等劑量多次投與。細胞可藉由使用免疫療法中通常已知之輸注技術投與(參見例如,Rosenberg等人, New Eng. J. of Med. 319:1676, 1988)。
When indicating an "immunologically effective amount", "anti-tumor effective amount", "tumor inhibitory effective amount" or "therapeutic amount", the precise amount to be administered with the composition of the present invention can be determined by the physician taking into account the age, weight, tumor size of the individual , the degree of infection or metastasis and the difference in the symptoms of patients (subjects). It can generally be specified that a pharmaceutical composition comprising the T cells described herein can range from 10 4 to 10 9 cells/kg body weight, in some
本文所描述之嵌合蛋白表現細胞可與其他已知藥劑及療法組合使用。如本文中所使用,「組合」投與意謂在受試者受病症折磨之病程期間向受試者遞送兩種(或更多種)不同治療,例如,在受試者已被確診患有病症之後及在病症治癒或消除或出於其他原因治療停止之前,遞送兩種或更多種治療。在一些實施例中,當開始遞送第二治療時,第一治療之遞送仍存在以使得在投與方面存在重疊。此在本文中有時稱為「同時」或「並行遞送」。在其他實施例中,一種治療之遞送在另一種治療遞送開始之前結束。在任一情況之一些實施例中,療法由於組合投與而更有效。舉例而言,相較於在第一治療不存在下投與第二治療將可見,第二治療更有效,例如使用較少第二治療即可見同等效果,或第二治療減輕症狀達更大程度,或對於第一治療可見類似情況。在一些實施例中,遞送使得症狀減輕,或與病症相關之其他參數大於在無另一治療存在下遞送一種治療所將觀測到的參數。兩種治療之效果可部分加合,完全加合或大於加合。遞送可使得所遞送之第一治療之效果在遞送第二治療時仍可偵測。The chimeric protein expressing cells described herein can be used in combination with other known agents and therapies. As used herein, "combination" administration means delivering two (or more) different treatments to the subject during the course of the subject afflicted with the disorder, eg, after the subject has been diagnosed with Two or more treatments are delivered after the disorder and until the disorder is cured or eliminated or treatment is discontinued for other reasons. In some embodiments, when delivery of the second treatment is initiated, the delivery of the first treatment is still present such that there is overlap in administration. This is sometimes referred to herein as "simultaneous" or "parallel delivery." In other embodiments, delivery of one therapy ends before delivery of another therapy begins. In some embodiments of either case, the therapy is more effective due to the combined administration. For example, the second treatment may be seen to be more effective than the administration of the second treatment in the absence of the first treatment, eg, the same effect is seen with less second treatment, or the second treatment reduces symptoms to a greater extent , or a similar situation can be seen for the first treatment. In some embodiments, the delivery results in a reduction in symptoms, or other parameters associated with the condition, greater than those that would be observed if one treatment were delivered in the absence of another treatment. The effects of the two treatments can be partially additive, fully additive or greater than additive. The delivery can be such that the effects of the first treatment delivered are still detectable when the second treatment is delivered.
本文所描述之嵌合蛋白表現細胞及至少一種另外治療劑可在相同或獨立組合物中同時投與或依序投與。對於依序投與,本文所描述之CAR表現細胞可首先投與,且其次可投與另外藥劑,或投與順序可顛倒。The chimeric protein expressing cells described herein and the at least one additional therapeutic agent can be administered simultaneously or sequentially in the same or separate compositions. For sequential administration, the CAR-expressing cells described herein can be administered first, and the additional agent can be administered second, or the order of administration can be reversed.
嵌合蛋白療法及/或其他治療劑、程序或模態在病症活躍期期間或在疾病緩解或不太活躍期期間投與。嵌合蛋白療法可在其他治療之前、與治療並行、治療後或在病症緩解期間投與。Chimeric protein therapy and/or other therapeutic agents, procedures or modalities are administered during periods of active disease or during periods of remission or less active disease. Chimeric protein therapy can be administered before, concurrently with, post-treatment, or during remission of the disorder.
當組合投與時,療法及另外藥劑(例如第二或第三藥劑)或全部可以與各藥劑例如以單一療法形式獨立使用之量或劑量相比更高、更低或相同的量或劑量投與。在某些實施例中,嵌合蛋白療法、另外藥劑(例如第二或第三藥劑)或全部之投與量或劑量與各藥劑例如以單一療法形式獨立使用之量或劑量相比更低(例如至少20%、至少30%、至少40%或至少50%)。在其他實施例中,引起所需作用(例如癌症治療)的嵌合蛋白療法、另外藥劑(例如第二或第三藥劑)或全部之量或劑量與各藥劑例如以單一療法形式獨立使用為達成相同治療作用所需之量或劑量相比更低(例如低至少20%、至少30%、至少40%或至少50%)。When administered in combination, the therapy and the additional agent (eg, a second or third agent), or all, may be administered in a higher, lower, or the same amount or dose than the amount or dose of each agent used independently, eg, as a monotherapy and. In certain embodiments, the amount or dose of the chimeric protein therapy, the additional agent (eg, a second or third agent), or all administered is lower than the amount or dose of each agent used independently, eg, as a monotherapy ( For example at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50%). In other embodiments, the amount or dose of the chimeric protein therapy, the additional agent (eg, a second or third agent), or all, that causes the desired effect (eg, cancer treatment) is used independently of each agent, eg, in a monotherapy format to achieve The amount or dose required for the same therapeutic effect is lower (eg, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, or at least 50% lower).
在其他態樣中,本文所描述之嵌合蛋白表現細胞可用於治療方案與手術、化學療法、輻射、免疫抑制劑(諸如環孢素(cyclosporin)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、黴酚酸酯(mycophenolate)及FK506)、抗體或其他免疫消融劑,諸如CAMPATH、抗CD3抗體或其他抗體療法、細胞毒素、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、環孢素、FK506、雷帕黴素(rapamycin)、黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、類固醇、FR901228、細胞介素、及放療、肽疫苗(諸如Izumoto等人 2008 J Neurosurg 108:963-971中所描述者)的組合。In other aspects, the chimeric protein expressing cells described herein can be used in therapeutic regimens and surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunosuppressants (such as cyclosporin, azathioprine, methotrexate) (methotrexate, mycophenolate and FK506), antibodies or other immunoablative agents such as CAMPATH, anti-CD3 antibody or other antibody therapy, cytotoxins, fludarabine, cyclosporine, FK506, A combination of rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, steroids, FR901228, cytokines, and radiotherapy, peptide vaccines such as those described in Izumoto et al. 2008 J Neurosurg 108:963-971.
在某些情況下,本發明之化合物與其他治療劑組合,諸如其他抗癌劑、抗過敏劑、抗噁心劑(或抗嘔吐劑)、疼痛舒解劑、細胞保護劑及其組合。In certain instances, the compounds of the present invention are combined with other therapeutic agents, such as other anticancer agents, antiallergic agents, antinausea agents (or antiemetic agents), pain relievers, cytoprotective agents, and combinations thereof.
在一個實施例中,本文所描述之嵌合蛋白表現細胞可與化學治療劑組合使用。例示性化學治療劑包括蒽環黴素(anthracycline)(例如,多柔比星(doxorubicin) (例如,脂質體多柔比星))、長春花生物鹼(vinca alkaloid) (例如,長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春地辛(vindesine)、長春瑞濱(vinorelbine))、烷基化劑(例如,環磷醯胺、達卡巴嗪(decarbazine)、美法侖(melphalan)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide))、免疫細胞抗體(例如,阿侖單抗(alemtuzamab)、吉妥單抗(gemtuzumab)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、奧法木單抗(ofatumumab)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)、貝倫妥單抗(brentuximab))、抗代謝物(包括例如葉酸拮抗劑、嘧啶類似物、嘌呤類似物及腺苷脫胺酶抑制劑(例如,氟達拉濱))、mTOR抑制劑、TNFR糖皮質激素誘導之TNFR相關蛋白質(GITR)促效劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑(例如,阿克拉黴素A (aclacinomycin A)、膠毒素(gliotoxin)或硼替佐米(bortezomib))、免疫調節劑(諸如沙立度胺(thalidomide)或沙立度胺衍生物(例如,來那度胺(lenalidomide)))。In one embodiment, the chimeric protein expressing cells described herein can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Exemplary chemotherapeutic agents include anthracycline (eg, doxorubicin (eg, liposomal doxorubicin)), vinca alkaloid (eg, vinblastine) ), vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine), alkylating agents (eg, cyclophosphamide, decarbazine, melphalan, ifosfamide, temozolomide), immune cell antibodies (eg, alemtuzamab, gemtuzumab, rituximab, ofatumumab ofatumumab, tositumomab, brentuximab), antimetabolites (including, for example, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs, and adenosine deaminase inhibitors ( e.g., fludarabine), mTOR inhibitors, TNFR glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) agonists, proteasome inhibitors (e.g., aclacinomycin A, gliotoxin ) or bortezomib), immunomodulators (such as thalidomide or thalidomide derivatives (eg, lenalidomide)).
考慮用於組合療法中之一般化學治療劑包括白消安(busulfan) (Myleran®)、白消安注射液(Busulfex®)、克拉屈濱(cladribine) (Leustatin®)、環磷醯胺(Cytoxan®或Neosar®)、阿糖胞苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷(Cytosar-U®)、阿糖胞苷脂質體注射液(DepoCyt®)、鹽酸道諾黴素(daunorubicin hydrochloride) (Cerubidine®)、檸檬酸道諾黴素脂質體注射液(DaunoXome®)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、鹽酸多柔比星(doxorubicin hydrochloride) (Adriamycin®,Rubex®)、依託泊苷(etoposide) (Vepesid®)、磷酸氟達拉濱(Fludara®)、羥基脲(Hydrea®)、艾達黴素(Idarubicin) (Idamycin®)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(Novantrone®)、津妥珠單抗奧吉妥珠單抗(Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin) (mylotarg®)。Common chemotherapeutic agents considered for use in combination therapy include busulfan (Myleran®), busulfan injection (Busulfex®), cladribine (Leustatin®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) ® or Neosar®), cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U®), cytarabine liposome injection (DepoCyt®), daunorubicin hydrochloride (Cerubidine®), lemon Daunomycin acid liposome injection (DaunoXome®), dexamethasone (dexamethasone), doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin®, Rubex®), etoposide (Vepesid®), phosphoric acid Fludarabine (Fludara®), Hydroxyurea (Hydrea®), Idarubicin (Idamycin®), mitoxantrone (Novantrone®), zistuzumab, ogituzumab (Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin) (mylotarg®).
在實施例中,考慮用於組合療法中之一般化學治療劑包括阿那曲唑(anastrozole) (Arimidex®)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide) (Casodex®)、硫酸博萊黴素(bleomycin sulfate) (Blenoxane®)、白消安(Myleran®)、白消安注射液(Busulfex®)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)(Xeloda®)、N4-戊氧基羰基-5-去氧-5-氟胞苷、卡鉑(carboplatin) (Paraplatin®)、卡莫司汀(carmustine) (BiCNU®)、氯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil) (Leukeran®)、順鉑(cisplatin) (Platinol®)、克拉屈濱(cladribine) (Leustatin®)、環磷醯胺(Cytoxan®或Neosar®)、阿糖胞苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷(Cytosar-U®)、阿糖胞苷脂質體注射特(DepoCyt®)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)(DTIC-Dome®)、放線菌素(放線菌素D,Cosmegan)、鹽酸道諾黴素(daunorubicin hydrochloride)(Cerubidine®)、檸檬酸道諾黴素脂質體注射液(DaunoXome®)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel) (Taxotere®)、鹽酸多柔比星(doxorubicin hydrochloride)(Adriamycin®, Rubex®)、依託泊苷(etoposide) (Vepesid®)、磷酸氟達拉濱(fludarabine phosphate) (Fludara®)、5-氟尿嘧啶(Adrucil®, Efudex®)、氟他胺(flutamide) (Eulexin®)、替紮他濱(tezacitibine)、吉西他濱(Gemcitabine) (二氟去氧胞苷(difluorodeoxycitidine))、羥基脲(hydroxyurea)(Hydrea®)、艾達黴素(Idamycin®)、異環磷醯胺(IFEX®)、伊立替康(irinotecan) (Camptosar®)、L-天冬醯胺酶(ELSPAR®)、甲醯四氫葉酸鈣(leucovorin calcium)、美法侖(Alkeran®)、6-巰基嘌呤(Purinethol®)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate) (Folex®)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(Novantrone®)、麥羅塔(mylotarg)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(Taxol®)、菲尼克斯(phoenix)(釔90/MX-DTPA)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)、具有卡莫司汀植入之聚苯丙生20 (Gliadel®)、檸檬酸他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(Nolvadex®)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)(Vumon®)、6-硫代鳥嘌呤、噻替派(thiotepa)、替拉紮明(tirapazamine) (Tirazone®)、注射用鹽酸拓朴替康(topotecan hydrochloride)(Hycamptin®)、長春鹼(Velban®)、長春新鹼(Oncovin®)及長春瑞賓(vinorelbine) (Navelbine®)。In an embodiment, typical chemotherapeutic agents contemplated for use in combination therapy include anastrozole (Arimidex®), bicalutamide (Casodex®), bleomycin sulfate ( Blenoxane®), Busulfan (Myleran®), Busulfan injection (Busulfex®), capecitabine (Xeloda®), N4-pentoxycarbonyl-5-deoxy-5-fluorocytosine glycosides, carboplatin (Paraplatin®), carmustine (BiCNU®), chlorambucil (Leukeran®), cisplatin (Platinol®), cladribine (cladribine) (Leustatin®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan® or Neosar®), cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U®), cytarabine liposome injectable (DepoCyt®), dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome®), actinomycin (actinomycin D, Cosmegan), daunorubicin hydrochloride (Cerubidine®), daunorubicin citrate liposome injection (DaunoXome ®), dexamethasone, docetaxel (Taxotere®), doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin®, Rubex®), etoposide (Vepesid®), phosphoric acid fludarabine phosphate (Fludara®), 5-fluorouracil (Adrucil®, Efudex®), flutamide (Eulexin®), tezacitibine, gemcitabine (difluoro) difluorodeoxycitidine), hydroxyurea (Hydrea®), idamycin (Idamycin®), ifosfamide (IFEX®), irinotecan (Camptosar®), L -Asparaginase (ELSPAR®), leucovorin calcium, melphalan (Alkeran®), 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol®), methotrexate (Folex®), mitoxantrone (Novantrone®), mylotarg, paclitaxel (Taxol®), phoenix (yttrium 90/MX- DTPA), pentostatin, polyproxil 20 with carmustine implant (Gliadel®), tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex®), teniposide (Vumon®), 6-thioguanine, thiotepa, tirapazamine (Tirazone®), topotecan hydrochloride for injection (Hycamptin®), vinblastine ( Velban®), vincristine (Oncovin®) and vinorelbine (Navelbine®).
治療可例如藉由腫瘤消退、腫瘤重量或尺寸收縮、進展時間、存活持續時間、無進展存活期、總反應率、反應持續時間、生活品質、蛋白質表現及/或活性來評估。可以採用測定療法功效之方法,包括例如經由放射學成像量測反應。Treatment can be assessed, for example, by tumor regression, tumor weight or size shrinkage, time to progression, duration of survival, progression-free survival, overall response rate, duration of response, quality of life, protein expression and/or activity. Methods of determining the efficacy of therapy can be employed, including, for example, measuring response via radiographic imaging.
TCR併入式抗原不確定受體(TIAAR)TCR-incorporated antigen-indeterminate receptor (TIAAR)
表1提供本發明之TCR併入式抗原不確定受體(TIAAR)之組分的例示性非限制性實例。表2展示組分之例示性配置。
組成性共刺激蛋白constitutive costimulatory protein
表3提供本發明之組成性共刺激蛋白之組分的例示性非限制性實例。表4展示組分之例示性配置。
誘導性共刺激受體inducible costimulatory receptor
表5提供本發明之誘導性共刺激受體之例示性非限制性實例。表6展示組分之例示性配置。
下表中之以下序列包括完整組分且為非限制性的。組分可包括信號肽(SP)、TCR簇集域(CD)及/或傳訊域(SD)。應理解,儘管某些蛋白質在表現時可包含N端信號肽,但彼等信號肽在表現蛋白質時裂解且可不精確裂解,且自其移除信號肽之所得蛋白質包含在N端胺基酸之位置具有至多約五個胺基酸之變化的結合域。The following sequences in the table below include complete components and are non-limiting. Components may include a signal peptide (SP), a TCR clustering domain (CD) and/or a signaling domain (SD). It should be understood that while certain proteins may contain an N-terminal signal peptide when expressed, those signal peptides are cleaved and may be cleaved imprecisely when the protein is expressed, and the resulting protein from which the signal peptide is removed is contained before the N-terminal amino acid. Binding domains with variations of up to about five amino acids at positions.
表:TCR共刺激構築體實例
儘管已詳細描述本發明及其優點,但應理解,在不背離由所附申請專利範圍所限定之本發明之精神及範疇之情況下,本文可進行各種改變、取代及更改。Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
本發明將進一步說明於以下實例中,該等實例僅出於說明之目的而給出且不意欲以任何方式限制本發明。 實例 The invention will be further illustrated in the following examples, which are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. example
共培養分析設定。來自2個健康供體之T細胞經修飾而以MOI 10表現所測試或保持未經轉導(NTD)之構築體。在共培養設定前一天,將效應T細胞解凍且在無IL2之情況下以1×10
6個細胞/毫升再懸浮於T細胞培養基(TCM)中,且在37℃下用5% CO
2培育隔夜。在共培養當天,收集T細胞(效應子)及Ba/F3-OKT3標靶且按照製造商說明書使用ViCELL BLU對其進行計數。接著將T細胞與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶以10:1、1:1及1:10 E:T (效應子:標靶)比率共培養隔夜。對於所測試之誘導性共刺激蛋白構築體(亦即pIB1097至pIB1102),設定另外一組孔,其中除了Ba/F3 OKT3標靶之外,亦添加10 µg/mL帕博利珠單抗。各條件一式兩份地進行。未刺激之T細胞充當陰性對照。設定每一E:T比率之兩個集合以及僅T細胞之對照培養盤。將佈雷菲爾德菌素A以1:1000稀釋度添加至一組培養盤,以藉由細胞內細胞介素染色(ICS)在共培養隔夜之後使用流式細胞儀評定細胞介素產生。將第二組培育5天,其後藉由流動式細胞測量術評定T細胞計數及活化標記表現(亦即41BB及CD69)。
Co-culture assay setup. T cells from 2 healthy donors were modified to express the tested or maintained non-transduced (NTD) constructs at
本發明包括修飾TCR複合體及相關信號傳遞轉接子(諸如在TCR併入式抗原不確定受體「TIAAR」中)之組分,鑑別跨膜域(TMD)及實現受體(「組成性」)之組成性活化的修飾,且利用抗體誘導受體活化(「誘導性」)。The present invention includes modifying components of the TCR complex and related signaling adaptors (such as in the TCR-incorporated antigen-indeterminate receptor "TIAAR"), identifying transmembrane domains (TMDs) and implementing receptors ("constitutive" "), and uses antibodies to induce receptor activation ("inducible").
靶向共刺激或抑制劑受體及配位體之scFv。scFV來源於靶向免疫細胞上表現之共刺激或抑制性分子的抗體。
構築體之TIAAR (併入TCR)清單
在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)隔夜之後,來自經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNγ及TNFα) (圖2)。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,自基改T細胞產生的Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNγ及TNFα增加。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在IFNγ產量增加及相當或更低的Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNγ及TNFα產生量。Cytokinin production (Bcl-xL, IL2, IFNγ) from genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTDs) following stimulation with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or remaining unstimulated (ie, T cells only) overnight and TNFα) (Figure 2). The production of Bcl-xL, IL2, IFNγ and TNFα from genetically modified T cells was increased compared to NTD cells in
在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞) 5天之後,經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)之增殖(來自CD45+ (TIARR)之T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(來自CD45+之41BB及來自CD45+之CD69) (圖3)。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞計數減少。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,在基改T細胞中存在增加或類似的41BB及CD69表現。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在增加或類似的41BB及CD69表現。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,針對2個測試修飾存在增加之T細胞計數,且針對其餘基改T細胞存在類似或減少之T細胞計數。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在增加或相當的41BB及CD169表現。Proliferation of genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTD) (T cell counts from CD45+ (TIARR) after co-culture with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or left unstimulated (ie T cells only) for 5 days ) and activation marker expression (41BB from CD45+ and CD69 from CD45+) (Figure 3). The genetically modified T cell counts were reduced compared to NTD cells in
組成性構築體之清單
在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)隔夜之後,來自經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNγ及TNFα) (圖4)。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改之T細胞中存在增加或相當的Bcl-xL、IL2及TNFα產量及相當或更低的IFNγ含量。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在IFNγ及IL2產量增加及相當或更低的Bcl-xL及TNFα產生量。Cytokinin production (Bcl-xL, IL2, IFNγ) from genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTDs) following stimulation with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or remaining unstimulated (ie, T cells only) overnight and TNFα) (Figure 4). Compared to NTD cells in
在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞) 5天之後,經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)之增殖(來自CD45+ (LZ)之T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(來自CD45+之41BB及來自CD45+之CD69) (圖5)。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞計數減少。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在增加的41BB及CD69表現。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,T細胞計數增加,相較於NTD細胞,基改T細胞中41BB表現增加,且相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改之T細胞中的CD169表現類似或減少。Proliferation of genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTD) (T cell counts from CD45+ (LZ) after co-culture with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or left unstimulated (ie T cells only) for 5 days ) and activation marker expression (41BB from CD45+ and CD69 from CD45+) (Figure 5). The genetically modified T cell counts were reduced compared to NTD cells in
誘導性構築體之清單
在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶或具有10 μg/mL帕博利珠單抗之Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)隔夜之後的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNg及TNFa) (圖6)。相較於利用單獨的Ba/F3 OKT3 OKT3刺激及供體1與供體2中之NTD細胞的條件,在Ba/F3 OKT3及帕博利珠單抗存在下,基改T細胞中Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNγ及TNFα之產生增加或相當。Genetically modified and untransduced T after stimulation with Ba/F3 OKT3 target or Ba/F3 OKT3 target with 10 μg/mL pembrolizumab or left unstimulated (ie T cells only) overnight Cytokinin production (Bcl-xL, IL2, IFNg and TNFa) by cells (NTD) (Figure 6). Compared with conditions using Ba/F3 OKT3 OKT3 stimulation alone and NTD cells in
在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶或具有10 μg/mL帕博利珠單抗之Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞) 5天之後,經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)中之增殖(來自CD45+ (誘導性)之T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(來自CD45+之41BB及來自CD45+之CD69) (圖7)。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中的T細胞計數增加、相當及減少。相較於供體1中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中存在增加或類似的41BB及CD169表現。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改T細胞中之T細胞計數增加或相當。相較於供體2中之NTD細胞,基改細胞中41BB及CD169表現增加、類似及降低。相較於利用單獨的Ba/F3 OKT3刺激以及NTD細胞之條件,在帕博利珠單抗存在下用Ba/F3 OKT3刺激基改T細胞時,觀測到兩個供體中增加之T細胞計數及活化標記表現。
* * *
Genetically modified and untransduced after 5 days of co-culture with Ba/F3 OKT3 target or Ba/F3 OKT3 target with 10 μg/mL pembrolizumab or left unstimulated (ie T cells only) for 5 days Proliferation (count of T cells from CD45+ (inducible)) and expression of activation markers (41BB from CD45+ and CD69 from CD45+) in T cells (NTDs) (Figure 7). Compared to NTD cells in
在由此詳細描述本發明之較佳實施例的情況下,應理解,由上文段落定義之本發明不限於上文描述中所闡述之特定細節,因為其許多明顯變化可在不偏離本發明之精神或範疇的情況下進行。Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention, as defined in the preceding paragraphs, is not limited to the specific details set forth in the foregoing description, for obvious variations thereof may be made without departing from the invention the spirit or scope of the situation.
以舉例方式給出,但並不意欲將本發明僅限制於所述特定實施例之以下實施方式可與隨附圖式結合而最佳地理解。Given by way of example, and not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described, the following embodiments are best understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
圖1 - 通用共刺激蛋白質之示意性模型。(A) TCR併入式抗原不確定受體(TIAAR)包含TCR複合體及相關傳訊轉接子之修飾組分。(B)包含跨膜域(TMD)及允許誘導性或組成性活化之特徵的組成性共刺激受體。(C)能夠藉由細胞外配位體結合進行誘導及活化之誘導性共刺激受體。Figure 1 - Schematic model of a universal costimulatory protein. (A) TCR-incorporated antigen-indeterminate receptors (TIAARs) comprise modified components of the TCR complex and associated signaling adaptors. (B) Constitutive costimulatory receptors comprising a transmembrane domain (TMD) and features that allow for inducible or constitutive activation. (C) Inducible costimulatory receptors capable of induction and activation by extracellular ligand binding.
圖2 - 藉由TCR併入式抗原不確定受體(TIAAR)轉導之細胞的細胞介素產生。在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即,僅T細胞)隔夜之後測定來自兩個供體之經基改及未經轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNg及TNFa)。Figure 2 - Interferon production by cells transduced by TCR-incorporated antigen-defined receptor (TIAAR). Gene-modified and non-transduced T cells (NTDs) from both donors were assayed for cytokine production after overnight stimulation with the Ba/F3 OKT3 target or left unstimulated (ie, T cells only) (i.e., T cells only) ( Bcl-xL, IL2, IFNg and TNFa).
圖3 - 藉由TIAAR轉導細胞之增殖及活化標記表現。在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)5天之後,測定針對來自供體1 (3A)及供體2 (3B)的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的增殖(T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(41BB及CD69)。Figure 3 - Proliferation and activation marker expression of cells transduced by TIAAR. Genetically modified and untransduced cells from Donor 1 (3A) and Donor 2 (3B) were assayed after 5 days of co-culture with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or left unstimulated (ie, T cells only) for 5 days Proliferation of T cells (NTD) (T cell count) and expression of activation markers (41BB and CD69).
圖4 - 基於白胺酸拉鏈之通用CoStAR (LZ)轉導細胞中之細胞介素產生。在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)隔夜之後,測定來自兩個供體的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNg及TNFa)。Figure 4 - Interferon production in leucine zipper-based universal CoStAR (LZ) transduced cells. Genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTDs) from both donors were assayed for cytokine production (Bcl -xL, IL2, IFNg and TNFa).
圖5 - 藉由LZ-CoStAR轉導細胞之增殖及活化標記表現。在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞) 5天之後,測定針對來自供體1 (5A)及供體2 (5B)的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的增殖(T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(41BB及CD69)。Figure 5 - Expression of proliferation and activation markers in cells transduced with LZ-CoStAR. Genetically modified and untransduced cells from Donor 1 (5A) and Donor 2 (5B) were assayed after 5 days of co-culture with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or left unstimulated (ie T cells only) for 5 days Proliferation of T cells (NTD) (T cell count) and expression of activation markers (41BB and CD69).
圖6 - 誘導性通用CoStAR轉導細胞中之細胞介素產生。在用Ba/F3 OKT3標靶刺激或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞)隔夜之後,測定來自兩個供體的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的細胞介素產生(Bcl-xL、IL2、IFNg及TNFa)。通用CoStAR可由帕博利珠單抗誘導。Figure 6 - Cytokinin production in inducible universal CoStAR-transduced cells. Genetically modified and untransduced T cells (NTDs) from both donors were assayed for cytokine production (Bcl -xL, IL2, IFNg and TNFa). Generic CoStAR can be induced by pembrolizumab.
圖7 - 藉由誘導性通用CoStAR轉導細胞之增殖及活化標記表現。在與Ba/F3 OKT3標靶共培養或保持未刺激(亦即僅T細胞) 5天之後,測定針對來自供體1 (7A)及供體2 (7B)的經基改及未轉導之T細胞(NTD)的增殖(T細胞計數)及活化標記表現(41BB及CD69)。通用CoStAR可由帕博利珠單抗誘導。Figure 7 - Expression of proliferation and activation markers in cells transduced by inducible universal CoStAR. Genetically modified and untransduced cells from Donor 1 (7A) and Donor 2 (7B) were assayed after co-culturing with Ba/F3 OKT3 targets or remaining unstimulated (ie T cells only) for 5 days Proliferation of T cells (NTD) (T cell count) and expression of activation markers (41BB and CD69). Generic CoStAR can be induced by pembrolizumab.
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