TW202200206A - 包含表面反應碳酸鈣作為賦形劑之顆粒 - Google Patents
包含表面反應碳酸鈣作為賦形劑之顆粒 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202200206A TW202200206A TW110107717A TW110107717A TW202200206A TW 202200206 A TW202200206 A TW 202200206A TW 110107717 A TW110107717 A TW 110107717A TW 110107717 A TW110107717 A TW 110107717A TW 202200206 A TW202200206 A TW 202200206A
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- calcium carbonate
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Abstract
本發明涉及包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中之用途,其中顆粒具有: i)根據機械篩分測量的150到700 µm的重量粒度d90
,ii)根據機械篩分測量的45到300 µm的重量中值粒度d50
,iii)根據機械篩分測量的18到100 µm的重量粒度d10
,以及iv)藉由BET氮氣法測量的≥ 15.0 m2
/g的比表面積。
Description
本發明涉及包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中之用途,其中顆粒具有: i)根據機械篩分測量的150到700 µm的重量粒度d90
,ii)根據機械篩分測量的45到300 µm的重量中值粒度d50
,iii)根據機械篩分測量的18到100 µm的重量粒度d10
,以及iv)藉由BET氮氣法測量的≥ 15.0 m2
/g的比表面積。
表面反應碳酸鈣粉末由於其高孔隙率及裝載/混合活性/非活性劑的能力而可在各種應用中用作載體。因此,表面反應碳酸鈣作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品的劑型的生產中變得越發重要。特別地,已開發出用於生產劑型的方法,劑型呈包含表面反應碳酸鈣的壓縮材料的形式。
舉例來說,WO2016150773 A1涉及一種生產可分散劑型的方法,其包含以下步驟:a)提供包含官能化碳酸鈣的材料,其為天然研磨或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種碳酸鈣在水性介質中的反應產物,其中二氧化碳藉由酸處理原位形成及/或由外部來源供應,b)提供至少一種崩解劑;c)視需要提供至少一種額外的配製助劑;d)使步驟a)的包含官能化碳酸鈣的材料、步驟b)的至少一種崩解劑、及步驟c)的任選的至少一種額外的配製助劑混合;以及e)在2到20巴的範圍內的壓縮壓力下,藉由輥壓機使步驟d)中獲得的混合物壓縮成條帶;以及f)使步驟e)的條帶研磨成顆粒,g)藉由至少一種篩孔尺寸篩分步驟f)的顆粒。
WO2016096997 A1涉及一種生產醫藥傳遞系統的方法,其包含以下步驟:a)提供表面反應碳酸鈣,其為天然研磨或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種酸在水性介質中的反應產物介質,二氧化碳藉由酸處理原位形成及/或由外部來源供應;b)提供至少一種醫藥活性劑或其醫藥上非活性前驅物;c)提供至少一種配製助劑;d)使步驟a)的表面反應碳酸鈣、步驟b)的至少一種醫藥活性劑或其醫藥上非活性前驅物與步驟c)的至少一種配製助劑混合;以及e)在4巴到20巴的範圍內的壓縮壓力下,藉由輥壓機使步驟d)中獲得的混合物壓縮;以及f)使在步驟e)中獲得的輥壓混合物壓縮以獲得醫藥傳遞系統。
然而,製備固體劑型的最流行的方法為直接壓縮,這是因為其提供生產這種劑型最有效且最不複雜的方式的緣故。然而,由於表面反應碳酸鈣粉末的流動性差,因此這種粉末不適合直接壓縮及裝載/混合。
因此,持續需要可用作醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝或個人護理產品中的賦形劑的材料。另外,由於其有利的裝載及釋放特性,因此希望提供包含表面反應碳酸鈣的賦形劑。
因此,本發明的目的為提供可用作醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝或個人護理產品中的賦形劑的材料。另一個目的也可在提供包含表面反應碳酸鈣的賦形劑中看到,這是因為其有利的裝載及釋放特性的緣故。
前述及其他問題中的一或多個藉由如本文在獨立項中界定的標的來解決。本發明的有利具體實例在相應的附屬項中界定。
因此,本發明涉及包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中之用途,其中顆粒具有:i)根據機械篩分測量的150到700 µm的重量粒度d 90
,ii)根據機械篩分測量的45到300 µm的重量中值粒度d 50
,iii)根據機械篩分測量的18到100 µm的重量粒度d 10
,以及iv)藉由BET氮氣法測量的≥ 15.0 m2
/g的比表面積。
根據一個具體實例,表面反應碳酸鈣為天然研磨或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種H3
O+
離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,其中二氧化碳藉由H3
O+
離子供體處理原位形成及/或由外部來源供應。
根據另一個具體實例,天然研磨碳酸鈣選自含有選自包含大理石、白堊、石灰石及其混合物的群的礦物的碳酸鈣;且沉澱碳酸鈣選自包含具有文石型(aragonitic)、球霰石型(vateritic)或方解石型(calcitic)礦物晶形或其混合物的沉澱碳酸鈣的群。
根據又另一個具體實例,表面反應碳酸鈣具有:i)根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量20 m2
/g到450 m2
/g,較佳20 m2
/g到250 m2
/g,更佳30 m2
/g到160 m2
/g,最佳40 m2
/g到150 m2
/g,仍更佳40 m2
/g到140 m2
/g的BET比表面積,及/或ii)1 µm到50 µm,較佳1到45 µm,更佳2到30 µm的體積中值粒徑d50
,及/或iii)藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的在0.15到1.35 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3
/g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3
/g,且最佳0.30到0.90 cm3
/g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
根據一個具體實例,一或多種黏合劑選自包含以下的群:合成聚合物,諸如甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、乙基羥乙基纖維素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然黏合劑,諸如植物膠,例如阿拉伯膠、黃芪膠、檜樹膠、甘地膠、刺梧桐膠、刺槐豆膠、棕櫚蠟及瓜爾膠;蛋白質,諸如明膠、酪蛋白、膠原蛋白;醣及多醣,諸如澱粉及其衍生物,即預糊化澱粉、麥芽糊精、菊醣、纖維素、果膠、鹿角菜膠及糖;動物滲出物,諸如蟲膠;蜂蠟、藻酸及其混合物。
根據另一個具體實例,顆粒包含一或多種黏合劑,一或多種黏合劑的量以顆粒的總乾重計為0.25至35重量%,較佳0.5到15重量%,更佳0.5到10重量%,甚至更佳1.0到10重量%,最佳1.5到10重量%。
根據又另一個具體實例,顆粒包含及/或與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物較佳選自包含以下的群:香料、調味劑、草藥萃取物及油、水果萃取物及油、營養物、微量礦物質、驅蟲劑、食品、化妝品、阻燃劑、酶、大分子、殺蟲劑、肥料、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、反應性化學品、醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫活性劑、或合成來源、半合成來源、其天然來源及其混合物的醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫非活性前驅物、及/或一或多種潤滑劑、及/或一或多種崩解劑。
根據一個具體實例,顆粒包含至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物的量以顆粒的總乾重計為0.5到80重量%,較佳10.0到70重量%,且最佳20到60重量%。
根據另一個具體實例,顆粒在攪拌設備中攪拌下獲得,攪拌設備較佳為選自以下的攪拌設備:Eirich混合機、流體化床乾燥機/造粒機、板式造粒機、台式造粒機、鼓式造粒機、盤式造粒機、碟式造粒機、犁頭混合機、立式或臥式混合機、高或低剪切混合機、高速攪拌機、及快速混合造粒機。
根據又另一個具體實例,顆粒具有由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到2.75 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到2.50 cm3
/g,最佳0.40到2.00 cm3
/g的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
根據一個具體實例,顆粒在壓縮處理中被壓縮成小片劑或片劑。
根據另一個具體實例,顆粒在直接壓縮方法中被壓縮,較佳使用1到40 kN,更佳1.5到30 kN,最佳1.5到25 kN範圍內的力。
根據又另一個具體實例,顆粒被填充到膠囊或柔韌包裝中,諸如小袋或流動包(flowpack)、自立袋(doypack)、直條包(stickpack)等。
根據一個具體實例,顆粒提供改善的流動性及/或壓縮性。
根據另一個具體實例,若硬度[N]對壓縮力[kN](硬度/壓縮力)的比率為至少為16,較佳至少20,則可實現改善。
應當理解到,為了本發明的目的,以下用語具有以下含義。
「賦形劑」乙詞涉及非活性材料/成分,其與活性成分一同配製在通常用於醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品的組合物中。賦形劑被有意地添加到組合物中,以使活性成分能夠以正確的形式施用於使用者且作為活性成分的載體。可理解到,賦形劑並無藥用性質。
在本申請的含義中,「表面反應的」乙詞應用於表示材料已經歷過如下處理,處理包含在以H3
O+
離子供體處理(例如藉由使用水溶性游離酸及/或酸性鹽)時在水性環境中部分溶解該材料,接著可在不存在或存在其他結晶添加劑的情況下發生結晶處理。
在本發明的上下文中,「H3
O+
離子供體」為布氏酸及/或酸鹽,即含有酸性氫的鹽。
如本文所用,「酸」乙詞涉及在布忍斯特及洛瑞定義的意義中的酸(例如H2
SO4
、HSO4 –
)。
在本發明的含義中,「水不溶性」材料界定為如下材料,材料當與去離子水混合並在20°C下在具有0.2 µm孔徑的過濾器上過濾以回收液體濾液時,在95到100°C下蒸發100 g的該液體濾液後提供小於或等於得到0.1 g回收的固體材料。「水溶性」材料被界定為如下材料,材料導致在95至100°C下蒸發100 g液體濾液後回收大於0.1 g回收的固體材料。
在本發明的含義中,「天然碳酸鈣」(GCC)為獲自天然來源的碳酸鈣,天然來源諸如為石灰石、大理石或白堊,且藉由濕式及/或乾式處理,諸如研磨、篩選及/或分級,例如藉由旋風分離器或分級器進行處理。
在本發明的含義中,「沉澱碳酸鈣」(PCC)為合成材料,其藉由二氧化碳及石灰在水性、半乾或濕潤環境中反應後沉澱獲得,或藉由鈣及碳酸根離子源在水中沉澱獲得。PCC可為球霰石型、方解石型或文石型晶體形式。
在本發明的含義中,BET比表面積被界定為粒子的表面積除以粒子的質量。如其中所用,比表面積藉由使用BET等溫線(ISO 9277:2010)的吸附來測量,並以m2
/g規定。
「乾燥的」材料藉由乾燥處理獲得,根據乾燥方法,從待乾燥的材料中去除至少一部分水,使得達到在200°C下所獲得的「乾燥的」材料的恆定重量。
在本發明的含義中,「壓縮」乙詞指在壓力下獲得的賦形劑的體積減小及硬度增加。
在本說明書及申請專利範圍中使用「包含」乙詞的情況下,其不排除其他元件。為了本發明的目的,「由…組成」乙詞被認為是「包含」乙詞的較佳的具體實例。若在下文中一個組被界定為包含至少一定數量的具體實例,則此也應被理解為揭示一個較佳僅由這些具體實例組成的組。
當提及單數名詞時使用不定冠詞或定冠詞,例如「一」、「一個」或「該」時,除非特別說明其他情況,否則這包括該名詞的複數。
諸如「可獲得的」或「可界定的」以及「獲得的」或「界定的」等詞可互換使用。例如,這意味著,除非上下文另有明確指示,否則「獲得的」乙詞並不表示例如具體實例必須藉由「獲得的」乙詞之後的步驟順序獲得,儘管這種有限理解總是被「獲得的」或「界定的」等詞包括來作為較佳的具體實例。
根據本發明,已發現到包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒可在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中用作賦形劑。
下面進一步詳述本發明,特別是上述包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒。
本發明的一個要求為表面反應碳酸鈣呈具有非常特定的粒度分布的顆粒形式。
特別地,這些顆粒具有
i)根據機械篩分測量的150到700 µm的重量粒度d90
,
ii)根據機械篩分測量的45到300 µm的重量中值粒度d50
,
iii)根據機械篩分測量的18到100 µm的重量粒度d10
,
舉例來說,這些顆粒具有
i)根據機械篩分測量的150到600 µm的重量粒度d90
,
ii)根據機械篩分測量的50到200 µm的重量中值粒度d50
,
iii)根據機械篩分測量的20到90 µm的重量粒度d10
,
另外,要求顆粒具有特定的BET比表面積。特別地,藉由BET氮氣法測量,顆粒的比表面積≥15.0 m2
/g。舉例來說,藉由BET氮氣法測量,顆粒的比表面積為15到200.0 m2
/g。
另外。顆粒具有由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到2.75 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到2.50 cm3
/g,且最佳0.40到2.00 cm3
/g的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
顆粒包含表面反應碳酸鈣。
表面反應碳酸鈣為天然研磨碳酸鈣或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種H3
O+
離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,其中二氧化碳藉由H3
O+
離子供體處理原位形成及/或由外部來源供應。較佳地,表面反應碳酸鈣為天然研磨碳酸鈣或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種H3
O+
離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,其中二氧化碳藉由H3
O+
離子供體處理原位形成。
在本發明的上下文中,H3
O+
離子供體為布氏酸及/或酸鹽。
在本發明的一個較佳的具體實例中,表面反應碳酸鈣藉由包含以下步驟的方法獲得:(a)提供天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的懸浮液,(b)向步驟a)的懸浮液添加至少一種在20°C下pKa值為0或更小或在20°C下pKa值為0到2.5的酸,以及(c)在步驟(b)之前、期間或之後以二氧化碳處理步驟(a)的懸浮液。根據另一個具體實例,表面反應碳酸鈣藉由包含以下步驟的方法獲得:(A)提供天然或沉澱碳酸鈣,(B)提供至少一種水溶性酸,(C)提供氣態CO2
,(D)使步驟(A)的該天然或沉澱碳酸鈣與步驟(B)的至少一種酸及步驟(C)的CO2
接觸,其特徵在於:(i)步驟B)的至少一種酸在20°C下具有大於2.5且小於或等於7的pKa,pKa與其第一可用氫的游離相關,且在失去第一可用氫時能夠形成水溶性鈣鹽的相應陰離子,以及(ii)在使至少一種酸與天然或沉澱碳酸鈣接觸後,另外提供至少一種水溶性鹽,水溶性鹽在含氫鹽的情況下在20°C下具有大於7的pKa,pKa與第一可用氫的游離相關,且其鹽陰離子能夠形成水不溶性鈣鹽。
「天然研磨碳酸鈣」(GCC)較佳選自含有選自包含大理石、白堊、石灰石及其混合物的群的礦物的碳酸鈣。天然碳酸鈣可包含其他諸如矽酸鋁等的天然存在的組分。
一般而言,天然研磨碳酸鈣的研磨可為乾式研磨或濕式研磨步驟,且可用任何傳統研磨裝置進行,例如在粉碎主要由與次要物體衝擊而產生的條件下,即在以下一或多種中進行:球磨機、棒磨機、振動機、輥式破碎機、離心衝擊式粉碎機、立式珠磨機、攪磨、針磨機、錘式粉碎機、錘磨機、切碎機、解塊機、切刀機、或本領域技術人員已知的其他這種設備。在含碳酸鈣礦物材料包含濕式研磨含碳酸鈣礦物材料的情況下,研磨步驟可在進行自生研磨及/或藉由水平球磨及/或本領域技術人員已知的其他方法的條件下進行。如此獲得的濕式處理研磨含碳酸鈣礦物材料可在乾燥前藉由眾所周知的方法,例如絮凝、過濾或強制蒸發進行洗滌及脫水。乾燥的後續步驟(若需要)可在諸如噴霧乾燥的單個步驟,或在至少兩個步驟中進行同樣常見的是,這種礦物材料經過精選步驟(諸如浮選、漂白或磁性分離步驟)去除雜質。
在本發明的含義中,「沉澱碳酸鈣」(PCC)為合成材料,其大體上藉由二氧化碳及氫氧化鈣在水性環境中反應後沉澱而獲得,或藉由鈣及碳酸根離子(例如CaCl2
及Na2
CO3
)從溶液中沉澱出而獲得。生產PCC的其他可能方法為石灰蘇打法或其中PCC為氨生產的副產物的氨鹼法。沉澱碳酸鈣以三種主要晶體形式存在:方解石、文石及球霰石,且這些晶型中的每種都有許多不同的多晶型物(晶體習性)。方解石具有三角結構,具有典型晶體習性,諸如偏三角面體(S-PCC)、菱面體(R‑PCC)、六方稜柱體、軸面體、膠體(C-PCC),立方體、及稜柱體(P-PCC)。文石為斜方晶結構,具有雙六方稜柱晶體,以及各種細的伸長稜柱體、彎曲葉片狀、陡錐狀、鏨形晶體、分枝樹狀及珊瑚或蠕蟲狀形式的典型晶體習性。球霰石屬於六方晶系統。獲得的PCC漿料可機械脫水並乾燥。
根據本發明的一個具體實例,沉澱碳酸鈣為較佳包含文石型、球霰石型或方解石型礦物晶形或其混合物的沉澱碳酸鈣。
沉澱碳酸鈣可在以二氧化碳及至少一種H3
O+
離子供體處理之前,藉由與如上述用於研磨天然碳酸鈣相同方法研磨。
根據本發明的一個具體實例,天然或沉澱碳酸鈣呈粒子形式,其具有0.05到10.0 µm,較佳0.2到5.0 µm,更佳0.4到3.0 µm,最佳0.6到1.2 µm,特別0.7 µm的重量中值粒度d50
。根據本發明另一個具體實例,天然或沉澱碳酸鈣呈粒子形式,其具有0.15到55 µm,較佳1到40 µm,更佳2到25 µm,最佳3到15 µm,特別4 µm的頂切粒度d98
。
天然及/或沉澱碳酸鈣可乾燥使用或懸浮在水中使用。較佳地,以漿料的重量計,相應的漿料具有在1重量%到90重量%,更佳3重量%到60重量%,甚至更佳5重量%到40重量%,且最佳10重量%到25重量%的範圍內的天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的含量。
用於製備表面反應碳酸鈣的一或多種H3
O+
離子供體可為在製備條件下產生H3
O+
離子的任何強酸、中強酸、或弱酸、或其混合物。根據本發明,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體也可為在製備條件下產生H3
O+
離子的酸性鹽。
根據一個具體實例,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體為在20°C下pKa為0或更小的強酸。
根據另一個具體實例,至少一個H3
O+
離子供體為在20°C下pKa值為0到2.5的中強酸。若在20°C下的pKa為0或更小,則酸較佳選自硫酸、鹽酸或其混合物。若在20°C下的pKa為0到2.5,則H3
O+
離子供體較佳選自H2
SO3
、H3
PO4
、草酸、或其混合物。至少一種H3
O+
離子供體也可為酸性鹽,例如被諸如Li+、Na+
或K+
或HPO42-
的相應陽離子至少部分中和的HSO4¯或H2
PO4¯,或被諸如Li+
、Na+
或K+
、Mg2+
或Ca2+
的相應的陽離子至少部分中和的HPO42-
。至少一種H3
O+
離子供體也可為一或多種酸及一或多種酸性鹽的混合物。
根據仍另一個具體實例,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體為弱酸,當在20°C下測量時,弱酸具有大於2.5且小於或等於7的pKa值,pKa值與第一可用氫的游離相關,且弱酸具有能夠形成水溶性鈣鹽的相應陰離子。隨後,另外提供至少一種水溶性鹽,其在含氫鹽的情況下具有當在20°C下測量時大於7的pKa,pKa與第一可用氫的游離有關,且其鹽陰離子能夠形成水不溶性鈣鹽。根據較佳的具體實例,弱酸在20°C下的pKa值大於2.5到5,且更佳地,弱酸選自由乙酸、甲酸、丙酸及其混合物組成的群。該水溶性鹽的示例性陽離子選自由鉀、鈉、鋰及其混合物組成的群。在一個更佳的具體實例中,該陽離子為鈉或鉀。該水溶性鹽的示例性陰離子選自由磷酸根、磷酸二氫根、磷酸一氫根、草酸根、矽酸根、其混合物、及其水合物組成的群。在一個更佳的具體實例中,該陰離子選自由磷酸根、磷酸二氫根、磷酸一氫根、其混合物、及其水合物組成的群。在一個最佳的具體實例中,該陰離子選自由磷酸二氫根、磷酸一氫根、其混合物、及其水合物組成的群。水溶性鹽的添加可為滴加或一步添加。在滴加的情況下,此添加較佳在10分鐘的時間內進行。更佳一步添加該鹽。
根據本發明的一個具體實例,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體選自由鹽酸、硫酸、亞硫酸、磷酸、檸檬酸、草酸、乙酸、甲酸、及其混合物組成的群。較佳地,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體選自由鹽酸、硫酸、亞硫酸、磷酸、草酸、H2
PO4
¯(其被諸如Li+
、Na+
或K+
的相應陽離子至少部分中和)、HPO42-
(其被諸如Li+
、Na+
、K+
、Mg2+
或Ca2+
的相應陽離子至少部分中和)、及其混合物組成的群;更佳地,至少一種酸選自由鹽酸、硫酸、亞硫酸、磷酸、草酸或其混合物組成的群;且最佳地,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體為磷酸。
一或多種H3
O+
離子供體可以濃縮溶液或更稀的溶液添加到懸浮液中。較佳地,H3
O+
離子供體與天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的莫耳比率為0.01到4、更佳為0.02到2,甚至更佳為0.05到1,且最佳為0.1到0.58。
或者,也可在懸浮天然或沉澱碳酸鈣之前使H3
O+
離子供體添加到水中。
在一個較佳的具體實例中,表面反應碳酸鈣為天然研磨與二氧化碳及一或多種H3
O+
離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,其中二氧化碳藉由H3
O+
離子供體處理原位形成,且其中H3
O+
離子供體為磷酸。在一個更佳的具體實例中,表面反應碳酸鈣為含碳酸鈣礦物與二氧化碳及一或多種H3
O+
離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,含碳酸鈣礦物選自包含大理石、白堊、石灰石及其混合物的群,其中二氧化碳藉由H3
O+
離子供體處理原位形成,且其中H3
O+
離子供體為磷酸。
在下一步驟中,以二氧化碳處理天然或沉澱碳酸鈣。若使用諸如硫酸或鹽酸的強酸進行天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的H3
O+
離子供體處理,則二氧化碳自動形成。或者或更甚者,二氧化碳可由外部來源供應。
H3
O+
離子供體處理及以二氧化碳處理可同時進行,這是使用強酸或中強酸的情況。也可首先進行H3
O+
離子供體處理,例如以pKa範圍為0到2.5的中等強酸在20°C下處理,其中二氧化碳原位形成,因此,二氧化碳處理將自動與H3
O+
離子供體處理同時進行,隨後藉由外部來源供應的二氧化碳進行額外處理。
在一個較佳的具體實例中,重複H3
O+
離子供體處理步驟及/或二氧化碳處理步驟至少一次,更佳重複數次。根據一個具體實例,至少一種H3
O+
離子供體在至少約5分鐘,較佳至少約10分鐘,通常約10到約20分鐘,更佳約30分鐘,甚至更佳約45分鐘,以及有時約1小時或更長的時間內添加。
在H3
O+
離子供體處理及二氧化碳處理之後,在20°C下測量的水性懸浮液的pH自然達到大於6.0,較佳大於6.5,更佳大於7.0,甚至更佳大於7.5的值,從而使表面反應的天然或沉澱碳酸鈣製備為具有大於6.0,較佳大於6.5,更佳大於7.0,甚至更佳大於7.5的pH的水性懸浮液。
關於表面反應的天然碳酸鈣的製備的進一步細節揭示在WO0039222 A1、WO2004083316 A1、WO2005121257 A2, WO2009074492 A1、EP2264108 A1、EP2264109 A1、及US20040020410 A1中揭示,這些參考文獻的內容包括在本申請中。
類似地,獲得表面反應的沉澱碳酸鈣。如可從WO2009074492 A1中詳細了解的,藉由使沉澱碳酸鈣在水性介質中與H3
O+
離子以及與溶解在水性介質中且能夠形成水不溶性鈣鹽的陰離子在水性介質中接觸以形成表面反應的沉澱碳酸鈣的漿料來獲得表面反應的沉澱碳酸鈣,其中該表面反應的沉澱碳酸鈣包含在至少一部分沉澱碳酸鈣的表面上形成的該陰離子的不溶、至少部分結晶的鈣鹽。
該等溶解的鈣離子相當於相對於在沉澱碳酸鈣被H3
O+
離子溶解時天然產生的溶解的鈣離子過量的溶解的鈣離子,其中該等H3
O+
離子僅以陰離子的呈相對離子形式提供,即經由添加呈酸或非鈣酸鹽形式的陰離子,且不存在任何額外的鈣離子或鈣離子產生源。
該等過量的溶解的鈣離子較佳藉由添加可溶的中性或酸性鈣鹽,或藉由添加酸或原位產生可溶的中性或酸性鈣鹽的中性或酸性非鈣鹽來提供。
該等H3
O+
離子可藉由添加該陰離子的酸或酸性鹽,或添加同時用來提供全部或部分該等過量的可溶的鈣離子的酸或酸性鹽來提供。
在製備表面反應的天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的另一個較佳的具體實例中,在至少一種選自由矽酸鹽、二氧化矽、氫氧化鋁、鹼土金屬鋁酸鹽(諸如鋁酸鈉或鋁酸鉀)、氧化鎂、或其混合物組成的群的化合物的存在下,使天然或沉澱碳酸鈣與酸及/或二氧化碳反應。較佳地,至少一種矽酸鹽選自矽酸鋁、矽酸鈣或鹼土金屬矽酸鹽。這些組分可在添加酸及/或二氧化碳之前添加到包含天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的水性懸浮液中。
或者,矽酸鹽及/或二氧化矽及/或氫氧化鋁及/或鹼土金屬鋁酸鹽及/或氧化鎂組分可添加到天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的水性懸浮液中,同時天然或沉澱碳酸鈣與酸及二氧化碳的反應已經開始。關於在至少一種矽酸鹽及/或二氧化矽及/或氫氧化鋁及/或鹼土金屬鋁酸鹽組分的存在下製備表面反應的天然或沉澱碳酸鈣的進一步細節揭示在WO2004083316 A1中,此參考文獻的內容包括在本申請案中。
表面反應碳酸鈣可保持懸浮,視需要進一步藉由分散劑穩定。可使用本領域技術人員已知的傳統分散劑。較佳的分散劑由聚丙烯酸及/或羧甲基纖維素。
或者,可乾燥上述水性懸浮液,從而獲得呈顆粒或粉末形式的固體(即乾燥或含有很少量的水,其不是呈流體形式)表面反應的天然或沉澱碳酸鈣。
表面反應碳酸鈣可具有不同的顆粒形狀,諸如例如玫瑰、高爾夫球及/或腦的形狀。
在一個較佳具體實例中,表面反應碳酸鈣具有根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量20 m2
/g到450 m2
/g,較佳20 m2
/g到250 m2
/g,更佳30 m2
/g到160 m2
/g,最佳40 m2
/g到150 m2
/g,仍更佳40 m2
/g到140 m2
/g的BET比表面積。
另外較佳的是,表面反應碳酸鈣粒子的體積中值粒度d50
(或d50
(體積))為1 µm到50 µm,較佳為1到45 µm,更佳為2到30 µm。
另外較佳的是,表面反應碳酸鈣粒子的體積粒徑d98
(或d98
(體積))較佳為2到150 µm,較佳為4到100 µm,更佳為6到80 µm,甚至較佳為8到60 µm,且最佳為10到30 µm。
dx
值代表相對於直徑,x%的顆粒具有小於dx的直徑。這意味著d98
值為所有粒子中98%較小的粒度。d98值也被指定為「頂切」。dx
值可用體積或重量百分比表示。因此,d50
(重量)值為重量中值粒度,即所有顆粒的50重量%小於此尺寸,且d50
(體積)值為體積中值粒度,即所有顆粒的50體積%小於此粒度。
本文中表面反應碳酸鈣的「粒度」描述為基於體積的粒度分布,而本文中顆粒的「粒度」被描述為基於重量的粒度分布。另外,本發明意義中的表面反應碳酸鈣的「粒度」涉及初級粒度。
體積中值粒度d50
使用Malvern Mastersizer 2000或3000雷射繞射系統評估。使用Mastersizer 2000或3000雷射繞射系統測量的d50
或d98
值表示如下的直徑值,即50體積%或98體積%的粒子分別具有小於此值的直徑。使用米氏理論分析藉由測量獲得的原始數據,粒子折射率為1.57,吸收指數為0.005。
在整個本發明中,基於重量的粒度分布,即顆粒的基於重量的粒度分布,藉由機械篩分判定。以Retsch篩分搖動器AS 200進行測量。方法及儀器為技術人員已知,且通常用於測定填料及顏料的粒度。製程及儀器為技術人員已知,且通常用於測定填料及顏料的粒度。
較佳地,表面反應碳酸鈣具有藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到1.35 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3
/g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3
/g,且最佳0.30到0.90 cm3
/g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
使用壓汞孔隙儀測量比孔體積,測量使用最大施加壓力為汞414 MPa (60000 psi)的Micromeritics Autopore V 9620汞細孔計測量,相當於使用0.004 µm (~nm)的拉普拉斯喉部直徑來測量。每個壓力步驟中使用的平衡時間為20秒。使樣品材料密封在5 cm3
的腔室粉末穿透計中進行分析。使用軟體Pore-Comp (Gane,P.A.C.,Kettle, J.P., Matthews, G.P.及Ridgway,C.J.,「Void Space Structure of Compressible Polymer Spheres and Consolidated Calcium Carbonate Paper-Coating Formulations」,Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,35(5),1996,p1753-1764)對汞壓縮、穿透計膨脹及样品材料壓縮進行數據校正。
累積侵入數據中看到的總孔體積可分成兩個區域,侵入數據從214 µm降低到大約1到4 µm,這顯示樣品在任何強烈貢獻的團聚物結構之間的粗糙堆積。在這些直徑以下為粒子本身的細粒子間堆積。若其也具有粒子內孔,則此區域呈現雙峰,且藉由使汞侵入到比模態轉折點更細的孔中的比孔體積(即比雙峰拐點更細),吾人可因此界定比粒子內孔體積。這三個區域的總和給出粉末的總孔體積,但強烈取決於粉末在分布的粗孔末端的原始樣品壓縮/沉降。
藉由採用累積侵入曲線的一階導數,揭示基於等效拉普拉斯直徑的孔徑分布,這會不可避免地包括孔屏蔽。微分曲線清楚顯示出粗團聚物孔結構區域、粒子間孔區域以及粒子內孔區域(若存在)。若已知粒子內孔徑範圍,則可從總孔體積中減去剩餘的粒子間及團聚物間孔體積,以便僅根據每單位質量的孔體積(比孔體積)得到所需的內孔孔體積。當然,相同的減法原理適用於分離任何其他感興趣的孔徑區域。
表面反應碳酸鈣的粒子內孔徑較佳在0.004到1.6 µm的範圍內,更佳在介於0.005到1.3 µm,特別較佳在0.006到1.15 µm,且最佳在0.007到1.0 µm的範圍內,例如藉由汞孔隙儀法測量判定的0.004到0.16 µm。
根據一個示例性具體實例,表面反應碳酸鈣具有
i)根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量的20 m2
/g到450 m2
/g,較佳20 m2
/g到250 m2
/g,更佳30 m2
/g到160 m2
/g,最佳40 m2
/g到150 m2
/g,仍更佳40 m2
/g到140 m2
/g的BET比表面積,及/或
ii)1 µm到50 µm,較佳1到45 µm,更佳2到30 µm的體積中值粒徑d50
,及/或
iii)藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到1.35 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3
/g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3
/g,最佳0.30到0.90 cm3
/g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
較佳地,表面反應碳酸鈣具有
i)根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量的20 m2
/g到450 m2
/g,較佳20 m2
/g到250 m2
/g,更佳30 m2
/g到160 m2
/g,最佳40 m2
/g到150 m2
/g,仍更佳40 m2
/g到140 m2
/g的BET比表面積,或
ii)1到50 µm,較佳1到45 µm,更佳2到30 µm的體積中值粒徑d50
,或
iii)藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到1.35 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3
/g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3
/g,且最佳0.30到0.90 cm3
/g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
或者,表面反應碳酸鈣具有
i)根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量20 m2
/g到450 m2
/g,較佳20 m2
/g到250 m2
/g,更佳30 m2
/g到160 m2
/g,最佳40 m2
/g到150 m2
/g,仍更佳40 m2
/g到140 m2
/g的BET比表面積,及
ii)1 µm到50 µm,較佳1到45 µm,更佳2到30 µm的體積中值粒徑d50
,及
iii)藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到1.35 cm3
/g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3
/g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3
/g,且最佳0.30到0.90 cm3
/g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
表面反應碳酸鈣包含至少一種酸的陰離子的水不溶性、至少部分結晶的鈣鹽,其形成在天然研磨碳酸鈣或沉澱碳酸鈣的表面上。根據一個具體實例,至少一種酸的陰離子的水不溶性、至少部分結晶的鹽至少部分地,較佳完全地覆蓋天然研磨碳酸鈣或沉澱碳酸鈣的表面。取決於所使用的至少一種酸,陰離子可為硫酸根、亞硫酸根、磷酸根、檸檬酸根、草酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根、及/或氯離子。
進一步要求顆粒包含一或多種黏合劑。
在本發明的一個具體實例中,一或多種黏合劑包含一種黏合劑,較佳由一種黏合劑組成。或者,一或多種黏合劑包含兩種或更多種黏合劑,較佳由兩種或多種黏合劑組成。舉例來說,一或多種黏合劑包含兩種或三種黏合劑,較佳由兩種或三種黏合劑組成。
較佳地,一或多種黏合劑包含一種黏合劑,較佳由一種黏合劑組成。
可用於本發明顆粒中的黏合劑大體上為造粒領域中眾所周知的那些。在一個較佳的具體實例中,一或多種黏合劑選自包含以下的群:合成聚合物,諸如甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、乙基羥乙基纖維素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然黏合劑,諸如植物膠,例如阿拉伯膠、黃芪膠、檜樹膠、甘地膠、刺梧桐膠、刺槐豆膠、棕櫚蠟及瓜爾膠;蛋白質,諸如明膠、酪蛋白、膠原蛋白;醣及多醣,諸如澱粉及其衍生物,即預糊化澱粉、麥芽糊精、菊醣、纖維素、果膠、鹿角菜膠及糖;動物滲出物,諸如蟲膠;蜂蠟、藻酸、及其混合物。
在一個具體實例中,聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)用作黏合劑,較佳用作唯一的黏合劑。
在這方面,應注意,若需要,黏合劑在某些條件下也可具有崩解性質。這種黏合劑在本領域中是已知的,例如物理改性的澱粉,諸如Colorcon的starch 1500®
或預糊化澱粉,諸如Roequette的Lycatab PGS,其在造粒條件下具有黏合性質,但若需要,能夠藉由例如水分吸收及溶脹使顆粒崩解。
通常,該粒包含一或多種黏合劑,一或多種黏合劑的量以顆粒的總乾重計為0.25至35重量%,較佳0.5到15重量%,更佳0.5到10重量%,甚至更佳1.0到10重量%,最佳1.5到10重量%。
藉由造粒方法獲得顆粒。造粒,即使使初級粉末顆粒黏附以形成較大多粒子實體的方法,是例如藉由一或多種黏合劑在顆粒之間產生鍵而將粒子收集在一起的方法。
最重要造粒類型之一為濕式造粒,其中藉由使造粒液體添加到受葉輪影響的粉末床上來形成顆粒。在系統中產生的攪拌以及調配物內組分的潤濕導致初級粉末粒子的團聚,從而生產濕顆粒。造粒液體包含必須具有揮發性的溶劑,以便其可藉由乾燥去除,且為無毒的。混入粉末中的水可在粉末粒子之間形成足夠強的鍵以將其鎖定在一起。然而,一旦水變乾,則粉末可能會散落。因此,水可能不夠強以產生並保持黏合。在這種情況下,造粒液體包括黏合劑。
關於表面反應碳酸鈣,顆粒大體上為已知的。舉例來說,EP2264108 A1 (WO2010146530 A1)中,提及由其中所述的方法獲得的表面反應碳酸鈣可呈餅、顆粒或粉末的形式,且在描述表面反應碳酸鈣的不同用途的若干文獻中,例如在水純化中作為控釋載體、在快速崩解劑型中、或在胃滯留醫藥調配物及傳遞系統中(EP1975310 B1、EP1982759B1、EP1974807 B1、EP1974806 B1、EP2589430 A1、WO2010037753 A1、EP2719373 A1或EP2719376 A1),大體上提及顆粒。
另外,WO2015181306 A1涉及一種用於生產包含表面反應碳酸鈣的顆粒的方法,其中發現到,若首先以造粒液體使表面反應碳酸鈣粒子的多孔結構的孔飽和,而隨後添加黏合劑,則不僅可增加所得顆粒的穩定性,且可減少黏合劑的量。
因此,表面反應碳酸鈣與一或多種黏合劑可使用本領域周知的各種方法一同造粒。
因此,可理解到,本發明的顆粒是藉由造粒獲得,即在攪拌裝置中攪拌獲得顆粒。一旦達到所需的顆粒尺寸或顆粒尺寸分布,即完成造粒,隨後可繼續藉由空氣移動顆粒。
造粒設備可選自傳統用於造粒目的的設備。因此,攪拌裝置可選自包含以下的組:Eirich混合機、流體化床乾燥機/造粒機、板式造粒機、台式造粒機、鼓式造粒機、盤式造粒機、碟式造粒機、犁頭混合機、立式或臥式混合機、高或低剪切混合機、高速攪拌機、及快速混合造粒機。
可能注意到,取決於使用的方法或混合速度,要獲得的顆粒尺寸或顆粒尺寸分布方面可能存在差異。
舉例來說,使用流體化床混合機進行造粒,似乎比Lödige混合機提供更均勻的顆粒尺寸分布,而Lödige混合機則提供更寬的尺寸分布。因此,可提供多個尺寸範圍。
較佳在流體化床混合機中製備顆粒。
所得顆粒可具有寬的尺寸範圍,其中可藉由諸如篩分的傳統方法來分離不同的尺寸部分,以獲得具有所需粒度分布的粒子。
本發明的顆粒可包含至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物,及/或可與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合。
也就是說,若顆粒包含至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物,則較佳在造粒之前使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與至少一種活性成分及/或非活性前驅物混合,使得至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物分布在整個顆粒中。這種顆粒通常可在本領域眾所周知的流體化床乾燥器/造粒機中獲得。或者,這種顆粒可藉由任何適合於製備顆粒的方法獲得。可理解到,較佳經由濕式法造粒對獲得的顆粒進一步進行壓片步驟,以獲得本發明的賦形劑。
然而,若至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物為液體,則較佳使顆粒與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合。在這種情況下,顆粒因此較佳裝載有至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物。
若顆粒與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物「混合」,則使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑造粒,並使獲得的顆粒以至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物處理,使得至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物基本上僅存在於顆粒的外表面上。以至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物進行處理的顆粒通常進行壓縮方法,諸如在本領域中眾所周知的直接壓縮方法,來獲得本發明的賦形劑。在本發明的含義中,「活性成分」乙詞涉及在生物體中具有特定作用且在人、動物、微生物、及/或植物中引起特定反應的物質。
較佳以液體形式提供至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物。
在本發明的含義中,「液體」乙詞涉及非氣態流體組合物,其包含至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物,或由至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物組成,組合物在使用的壓力條件及溫度下,即在顆粒與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合的壓力及溫度下,易於流動。
因此,應當理解到,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物可在5到200°C,較佳10到120°C,且最佳10到100°C的溫度範圍內為液體。舉例來說,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物在環境壓力條件下,即在大氣壓下,可在5到200°C,較佳10到120°C,且最佳10到100°C的溫度範圍內為液體。或者,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物可在減壓條件下,例如100到700毫巴的壓力下,在5到200°C,較佳10到120°C,且最佳10到100°C的溫度範圍內為液體。
在一個具體實例中,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物在環境溫度及壓力條件下,例如在室溫下,諸如約5到35°C,較佳10到30°C,且最佳約15到25°C,及在大氣壓下為液體。
或者,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物在使用溫度下,例如約35到200°C,較佳45到120°C,且最佳55到100°C,以及在環境壓力條件下,即在大氣壓下,或在減壓條件下,例如100到700毫巴的壓力下熔融。
或者,使至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物溶解在溶劑中。也就是說,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物與溶劑形成一種系統,其中在溶劑中沒有觀察到離散的固體顆粒,因此形成「溶液」。
在本發明的一個具體實例中,溶劑選自包含以下的群:水、甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、異丙醇、正丙醇、丙酮、二甲基亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺、四氫呋喃、植物油及其衍生物、動物油及其衍生物、熔融脂肪及蠟、及其混合物。較佳地,溶劑為水、乙醇及/或丙酮。更佳地,溶劑為水。
舉例來說,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物可為掌性化合物。因此,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物包含(R)-鏡像異構物、(S)-鏡像異構物及其混合物,例如消旋混合物。
或者或更甚者,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物可為異構化合物。因此,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物包含(Z)-異構物、(E)-異構物及其混合物。舉例來說,若說明活性成分為肉桂醛,則肉桂醛可以(Z)-肉桂醛及/或(E)-肉桂醛的形式存在。
舉例來說,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物選自包含以下的群:香料、調味劑、草藥萃取物及油、水果萃取物及油、營養物、微量礦物質、驅蟲劑、食品、化妝品、阻燃劑、酶、大分子、殺蟲劑、肥料、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、反應性化學品、醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫活性劑、或合成來源、半合成來源、其天然來源、及其混合物的醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫非活性前驅物。
香料較佳為分子量至少約100 g/mol的醇、醛及/或酮,其可單獨或與其他香料結合用於賦予氣味、香氣、香精或香味。舉例來說,香料可選自包含以下的群:2,4-二甲基-3-環己烯-1-甲醇(花香醇(floralol))、2,4-二甲基環己烷甲醇(二氫花香醇)、5,6-二甲基-1-甲基乙烯基雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-甲醇(亞波醇(arbozol))、α,α,-4-三甲基-3-環己-1-甲醇(α-松香醇)、2,4,6-三甲基-3-環己烯-1-甲醇(異環香草醇)、4-(1-甲基乙基)環己烷甲醇(五月鈴蘭醇(mayol))、α-3,3-三甲基-2-降莰烷甲醇、1,1-二甲基-1-(4-甲基環己-3-烯基)甲醇、2-苯乙醇、2-環己基乙醇、2-(鄰甲基苯基)-乙醇、2-(間甲基苯基)乙醇、2-(對甲基苯基)乙醇、6,6-二甲基雙環-[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-乙醇(諾蔔醇(nopol))、2-(4-甲基苯氧基)-乙醇、3,3-二甲基-Δ2-β-降冰片烷乙醇(派奇明托(patchomint))、2-甲基-2-環己基乙醇、1-(4-異丙基環己基)-乙醇、1-苯乙醇、1,1-二甲基-2-苯乙醇、1,1-二甲基-2-(4-甲基-苯基)乙醇、1-苯基丙醇、3-苯基丙醇、2-苯基丙醇(水溶性醇)、2-(環十二烷基)丙-1-醇(羥基龍涎呋喃(Hydroxy-ambran))、2,2-二甲基-3-(3-甲基苯基)-丙-1-醇(美研醇(Majantol))、2-甲基-3-苯基丙醇、3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(苯烯丙基醇)、2-甲基-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(甲基肉桂基醇)、α-正戊基-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(α-戊基-肉桂基醇)、丙酸乙基-3-羥基-3-苯基酯、2-(4-甲基苯基)-2-丙醇、3-(4-甲基環己-3-烯)丁醇、2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-環戊烯-1-基)丁醇、2-乙基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-環戊-3-烯基)-2-丁烯-1-醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇(異戊烯醇)、2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-環戊烯-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-醇、3-羥基丁酸乙酯、4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-醇、2-甲基-4-苯基丁-2-醇、4-(4-羥基苯基)丁-2-酮、4-(4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯基)-丁-2-酮、3-甲基-戊醇、3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-醇、1-(2-丙烯基)環戊-1-醇(鳶醇(plinol))、2-甲基-4-苯基戊醇(圓柚芳晶(Pamplefleur))、3-甲基-5-苯基戊醇(吩醇(Phenoxanol))、2-甲基-5-苯基戊醇、2-甲基-5-(2,3-二甲基三環[2.2.1.0.sup.(2,6)]庚-3-基)-2-戊烯-1-醇(檀香醇(santalol))、4-甲基-1-苯基-2-戊醇、5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-環戊烯基)-3-甲基戊-2-醇(人造檀香(sandalore))、(1-甲基-雙環[2.1.1]庚烯-2-基)-2-甲基戊-1-烯-3- 醇、3-甲基-1-苯基戊-3-醇、1,2-二甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)環戊-1-醇、2-異丙基-5-甲基-2-己烯醇、順-3-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯-1-醇、2-異丙烯基-4-甲基-4-己烯-1-醇(薰衣草醇(Lavandulol))、2-乙基-2-戊烯基-3-己烯醇、1-羥甲基-4-異丙烯基-1-環己烯(二氫茴香基醇)、1-甲基-4-異丙烯基環己-6-烯-2-醇(香芹烯醇(carvenol))、6-甲基-3-異丙烯基環己-1-醇(二氫香芹烯醇)、1-甲基-4-異丙烯基環己-3-醇、4-異丙基-1-甲基環己-3-醇、4-第三丁基環己醇、2-第三丁基環己醇、2-第三丁基-4-甲基環己醇(香根醇(rootanol))、4-異丙基-環己醇、4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-環己-1-醇、2-(5,6,6-三甲基-2-降冰片基)環己醇、異冰片基環己醇、3,3,5-三甲基環己醇、1-甲基-4-異丙基環己-3-醇、1-甲基-4-異丙基環己-8-醇(二氫萜品醇)、1,2-二甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)環己-1-醇、庚醇、2,4-二甲基環己-1-醇、6-庚基-5-環己-2-醇(異沉香醇)、2,4-二甲基-2,6-庚烷二烯醇、6,6-二甲基-2-氧基甲基-雙環[3.1.1]庚-2-烯(桃金娘烯醇(myrtenol))、4-甲基-2,4-庚二烯-1-醇、3,4,5,6,6-五甲基-2-庚醇、3,6-二甲基-3-乙烯基-5-庚烯-2-醇、6,6-二甲基-3-羥基-2-亞甲基雙環[3.1.1]庚烷、1,7,7-三甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-醇、2,6-二甲基庚-2-醇(二米吐爾(dimetol))、2,6,6-三甲基雙環[1.3.3]庚-2-醇、辛醇、2-辛烯醇、2-甲基辛-2-醇、2-甲基-6-亞甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇(香葉烯醇(myrcenol))、7-甲基辛-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇、3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-1-醇(香茅醇)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(香草醇)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(橙花醇)、3,7-二甲基-7-甲氧基辛-2-醇(沙針醇(osyrol))、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(沉香醇)、3,7-二甲基辛-1-醇(香葉醇(pelargol))、3,7-二甲基辛-3-醇(四氫芳樟醇)、2,4-辛二烯-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-3-醇(二氫沉香醇)、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇(二氫月桂烯醇)、2,6-二甲基-5,7-辛二烯-2-醇、4,7-二甲基-4-乙烯基-6-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基辛-3-醇、2,6-二甲基辛-2-醇、2,6-二甲基辛-3-醇、3,6-二甲基辛-3-醇、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇、2,6-二甲基-3,5-辛二烯-2-醇(蘑菇醇(muguol))、3-甲基-1-辛烯-3-醇、7-羥基-3,7-二甲基辛醛、3-壬醇、2,6-壬二烯-1-醇、順-6-壬烯-1-醇、6,8-二甲基壬-2-醇、3-(羥甲基)-2-壬酮、2-壬烯-1-醇、2,4-壬二烯-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-1,6-壬二烯-3-醇、癸醇、9-癸烯醇、2-苯甲基-M-二氧雜-5-醇、2-癸烯-1-醇、2,4-癸二烯-1-醇、4-甲基-3-癸烯-5-醇、3,7,9-三甲基-1,6-癸二烯-3-醇(異丁基沉香醇)、十一醇、2-十一烯-1-醇、10-十一烯-1-醇、2-十二烯-1-醇、2,4-十二碳二烯-1-醇、2,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇(法呢醇)、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10,-十二碳三烯-3-醇(橙花油醇)、3,7,11,15-四甲基十六-2-烯-1-醇(植醇)、3,7,11,15-四甲基十六-1-烯-3-醇(異植醇)、苯甲醇、對甲氧基苯甲醇(茴香基醇)、對傘花-7-醇(對茴香甲基醇)、4-甲基苯甲醇、3,4-亞甲二氧基苯甲醇、水楊酸甲酯、水楊酸苯甲酯、順-水楊酸-3-己烯酯、水楊酸正戊酯、水楊酸2-苯乙酯、水楊酸正己酯、2-甲基-5-異丙基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、4-烯丙基-2-甲氧基苯酚(丁香酚)、2-甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯酚(異丁香酚)、4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基-苯酚、4-第三丁基苯酚、2-乙氧基-4-甲苯酚、2-甲基-4-乙烯基苯酚、2-異丙基-5-甲苯酚(瑞香草酚)、鄰位羥基苯甲酸戊酯、2-羥基-苯甲酸乙酯、2,4-二羥基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯、3-羥基-5-甲氧基-1-甲苯、2-第三丁基-4-甲基-1-羥基苯、1-乙氧基-2-羥基-4-丙烯基苯、4-羥基甲苯、4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛、2-乙氧基-4-羥基苯甲醛、十氫-2-萘酚、2,5,5-三甲基-八氫-2-萘酚、1,3,3-三甲基-2-降冰片烷醇(葑醇(fenchol))、3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氫-2,4-二甲基-4,7-亞甲基-1H-茚-5-醇、3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氫-3,4-二甲基-4,7-亞甲基-1H-茚-5-醇、2-甲基-2-乙烯基-5-(1-羥基-1-甲基乙基)四氫呋喃、β-石竹烯醇、香草精、乙香草醛、肉桂醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、辛醛、癸醛、十一醛、十一碳烯醛、十二醛、十三醛、甲基壬基醛、二癸基醛、大茴香醛、香茅醛、香茅基氧基醛、仙客來醛、α-己基肉桂醛、羥基香茅醛、α-甲基肉桂醛、甲基壬基乙醛、丙基苯基醛、檸檬醛、紫蘇醛、甲苯醛、甲苯乙醛、小茴香醛、LILIAL®
、鄰羥苄基醛、α-戊肉桂醛及胡椒醛、及其混合物。
也可使用各種精油、草藥萃取物及/或水果萃取物,較佳具有各種藥用或膳食增補劑特性的那些。精油、草藥萃取物及/或水果萃取物大體上為可在醫學方上使用或用於調味的萃取物或芳香植物、植物部分、水果或水果部分。適合的草藥萃取物及/或水果萃取物可單獨使用或在各種混合物中使用。常用精油、草藥萃取物及/或水果萃取物包括紫錐花(Echinacea)、白毛茛(Goldenseal)、金盞草(Calendula)、迷迭香(Rosemary)、百里香(Thyme)、卡瓦椒(Kava Kava)、蘆薈(Aloe)、血根草(Blood Root)、葡萄柚籽萃取(Grapefruit Seed Extract)、黑升麻(Black Cohosh)、人參(Ginseng)、瓜拉那(Guarana)、蔓越橘(Cranberry)、銀杏葉(Ginko Biloba)、聖約翰草(St.John's Wort)、月見草油(Evening Primrose Oil)、育亨賓樹皮(Yohimbe Bark)、綠茶(Green Tea)、麻黃(Ma Huang)、瑪咖(Maca)、覆盆子(Bilberry)、葉黃素(Lutein)、薑(Ginger)、含有丁香酚的油、及其組合。
可使用各種營養物,包括幾乎任何維生素、礦物及/或植物化學物質。舉例而言,可使用維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B6、維生素B12、維生素B2、維生素B6、維生素D、維生素E(即生育酚)、維生素K、硫胺、核黃素、生物素、葉酸、菸酸、泛酸、Q10、α類脂酸、二氫硫辛酸、薑黃素、葉黃素、β隱黃質、番茄紅素、黃體素、玉米黃素、蝦青素、β-胡蘿蔔素、胡蘿蔔素、混合類胡蘿蔔素、多酚、類黃酮、鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂、硫、氯、膽鹼、及/或植物化學物質,諸如類胡蘿蔔素、葉綠素、葉綠酸、纖維、類黃酮、花青素、矢車菊色素、花翠素、錦葵色素、天竺葵色素、芍藥色素、牽牛花素、黃烷醇、兒茶素、表兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯、茶黃素、茶紅素、原花青素、黃酮醇、槲皮素、堪非醇、楊梅素、異鼠李素、黃鹼醇橙皮素、柚配質、聖草酚、桔皮素、黃酮、芹黃素、葉黃酮、樹脂腦、植物雌激素、白藜蘆醇、異黃酮、大豆黃素、金雀異黃酮、黃豆黃素、大豆異黃酮、及其組合。可用作活性成分的營養物的實例闡述於美國專利申請公開案第20030157213 A1號、第20030206993號及第20030099741 A1號中,其全部內容出於所有目的在此引入。
在一個具體實例中,可使用痕量礦物,例如錳、鋅、銅、氟、鉬、碘、鈷、鉻、硒、磷、及其組合。
酶可包括但不限於輔酶Q10、胃蛋白酶、植酸酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、纖維素酶、乳糖酵素、及其組合。
殺蟲劑較佳為技術人員已知的任何已知的除草劑、殺昆蟲劑、昆蟲生長調節劑、殺線蟲劑、殺白蟻劑、殺軟體動物劑、殺魚劑、殺鳥劑、殺鼠劑、捕食性動物劑、殺菌劑、驅蟲劑、動物驅避劑、抗微生物劑、殺真菌劑、消毒劑(抗微生物劑)、及消毒劑。
應注意到,防腐劑可為技術人員已知的任何這種化合物。舉例而言,防腐劑可包括但不限於苯氧基乙醇、乙基己基甘油、對羥苯甲酸酯,諸如對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯及其混合物、苯紮氯銨、氯丁醇、苯甲醇、氯化十六烷基吡啶、酒石酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸鈉、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、及其混合物。
抗氧化劑較佳選自包含以下的群:丁基羥基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基羥基甲苯(BHT)、沒食子酸酯、類胡蘿蔔素、多酚,諸如白藜蘆醇、類黃酮及其混合物、多酚衍生物、生育酚及其鹽、β胡蘿蔔素、泛醌(ubichinon)、生育三烯酚、二氫槲皮素、天然來源的抗氧化劑、及其混合物。若抗氧化劑為天然來源的,則抗氧化劑可為例如針葉樹萃取物、海岸松樹皮萃取物,諸如來自瑞士Horphag的Pycnogenol®、及/或余甘子果實萃取物,諸如來自德國Sabinsa公司的Saberry®。
醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物較佳選自包含以下的群:合成來源、半合成來源、天然來源及其組合的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物。
因此,醫藥活性劑涉及合成來源、半合成來源、天然來源及其組合的醫藥活性劑。另外,醫藥活性劑的醫藥非活性前驅物涉及合成來源、半合成來源、天然來源及其組合的醫藥非活性前驅物,且將在後期活化成各別醫藥活性劑。
這種醫藥非活性前驅物的活化為技術人員已知的且常用於例如胃及/或胃腸路徑-諸如酸性活化、胰蛋白(tryptic-)或胰凝乳蛋白酶(chimotryptic)切割的活化。
本領域技術人員理解到,所提及的活化方法僅為說明性而非限制性的。
應注意到,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可為技術人員已知的任何這種化合物。
因此,醫藥活性劑包括當向人類及/或動物投藥時提供預防及/或治療特性的任何化合物。實例包括但不限於醫藥活性物質、治療活性物質、獸醫活性物質、營養製品及生長調節劑。
醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可為消炎劑。這種試劑可包括但不限於非類固醇消炎劑或NSAID,諸如丙酸衍生物;乙酸衍生物;芬那酸衍生物;聯苯羧酸衍生物;及昔康(oxicam)。所有此等NSAID在Sunshine等人的美國專利第4,985,459號中有充分描述,關於這種NSAID的描述其全部內容藉由引用併入本文。適用的NSAID的實例包括乙醯水楊酸、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、萘普生(naproxen)、苯惡洛芬(benoxaprofen)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非諾洛芬(fenoprofen)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、吲哚洛芬(indoprofen)、吡洛芬(pirprofen)、卡洛芬(carprofen)、奧沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、普拉洛芬(pranoprofen)、麥布洛芬(microprofen)、硫惡洛芬(tioxaprofen)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、阿明洛芬(alminoprofen)、噻洛芬酸酸(tiaprofenic acid)、氟洛芬(fluprofen)、布氯酸(bucloxic acid)、及其混合物。
也適用的是類固醇消炎藥,諸如氫皮質酮及其類似物,及COX-2抑制劑,諸如美洛昔康(meloxicam)、塞內昔布(celecoxib)、羅非考昔(rofecoxib)、伐地考昔(valdecoxib)、依他昔布(etoricoxib)、或其混合物。可使用任何上述消炎劑的混合物。
可用作醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物的其他材料包括通常已知的口腔及咽喉產品。此等產品包括但不限於上呼吸道試劑,諸如苯腎上腺素、苯海拉明、右甲嗎喃、溴己新及氯苯吡胺;胃腸試劑,諸如法莫替丁(famotidine)、洛哌丁胺(loperamide)及聚二甲矽氧烷;抗真菌劑,諸如硝酸咪康唑(miconazole nitrate)、抗生素及鎮痛劑,諸如酮基布洛芬及氟里洛芬(fluribuprofen)。
醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物也可選自焦硫酸鈉、丁基羥基甲苯、丁基化羥基大茴香醚。
醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物也可選自麻黃素(ephedrine)、氫氧化鎂鋁(magaldrate)、假麻黃素(pseudoephedrine)、西地那非(sildenafil)、利多卡因(xylocaine)、苄烷銨氯化物(benzalconium chloride)、咖啡鹼(caffeine)、苯腎上腺素(phenylephrine)、安非拉酮(amfepramone)、羅氏鮮(orlistat)、諾美婷(sibutramine)、乙醯胺苯酚(acetaminophen)、阿司匹林(aspirin)、格列酮(glitazones)、二甲雙胍(metformin)、氯丙嗪chlorpromazine)、乘暈寧(dimenhydrinat)、多潘立酮(domperidone)、美克洛嗪(meclozine)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、奧丹西隆(odansetron)、潑尼龍(prednisolone)、普魯米近(promethazine)、阿伐斯丁(acrivastine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、辛那伶(cinnarizine)、氯馬斯汀(clemastine)、賽克利嗪(cyclizine)、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、右氯菲安明(dexchlorpheniramine)、茶苯海明(dimenhydrinate)、依巴司汀(ebastine)、菲索芬那定(fexofenadine)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、左沃普洛辛(levolevoproricin)、洛拉他定(loratadine)、美克洛嗪(meclozine)、咪唑司汀(mizolastine)、普魯米近(promethazine)、咪康唑(miconazole)、二乙酸氯己定(chlorhexidine diacetate)、氟化物、十肽KSL(decapeptide KSL)、氟化鋁(aluminium fluoride)、胺基螯合鈣(aminochelated calcium)、氟化銨、氟矽酸銨、單氟磷酸銨、氟化鈣、葡糖酸鈣、甘油磷酸鈣、乳酸鈣、單氟磷酸鈣、碳酸鈣、尿素、氯化十六烷基吡啶鹽(cetyl pyridinium chloride)、氯己定(chlorhexidine)、二葡糖酸氯己定(chlorhexidine digluconate)、氯化氯己定(chlorhexidine chloride)、二乙酸氯己定(chlorhexidine diacetate)、CPP酪蛋白磷酸基肽(CPP caseine phospho peptide)、赫克特丁(hexetedine)、十八碳烯基氟化銨(octadecentyl ammonium fluoride)、氟矽酸鉀(potassium fluorosilicate)、氯化鉀(potassium chloride)、單氟磷酸鉀、二碳酸鈉、碳酸鈉、氟化鈉、氟矽酸鈉、單氟磷酸鈉、三聚磷酸鈉、氟化亞錫、硬脂基三羥基乙基丙二胺二氫氟化物、氯化鍶、焦磷酸四鉀、焦磷酸四鈉、正磷酸三鉀、正磷酸三鈉、褐藻酸、氫氧化鋁、碳酸氫鈉、西地那非(sildenafil)、他達拉非(tadalafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)、育亨賓(yohimbine)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、尼沙替丁(nizatidine)、雷尼替丁(ranitidine)、乙醯水楊酸(acetylsalicylic acid)、克羅匹多(clopidogrel)、乙醯半胱胺酸(acetylcysteine)、溴己新(bromhexine)、可待因(codeine)、右甲嗎喃(dextromethorphan)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、諾斯卡品(noscapine)、苯丙醇胺(phenylpropanolamine)、維生素D、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、吡沙可啶(bisacodyl)、乳糖醇(lactitol)、乳酮糖(lactulose)、氧化鎂、匹克硫酸鈉、番瀉葉糖苷(senna glycosides)、苯佐卡因(benzocaine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、四卡因(tetracaine)、阿莫曲普坦(almotriptan)、依來曲普坦(eletriptan)、那拉曲普坦(naratriptan)、利紮曲普坦(rizatriptan)、舒馬曲普坦(sumatriptan)、佐米曲普坦(zolmitriptan)、鈣、鉻、銅、碘、鎂、錳、釩、磷光體、硒、鋅、氯胺、過氧化氫、甲硝噠唑、曲安奈德(triamcinolonacetonide)、苯索氯銨(benzethonium chl.)、十六基吡啶氯(cetyl pyrid.chl.)、氯己定、氟化物、利多卡因、雙性黴素(amphotericin)、咪康唑(miconazole)、制黴菌素(nystatin)、魚油(fish oil)、銀杏(ginkgo biloba)、人參、薑、紫松果菊(purple coneflower)、鋸棕櫚(saw palmetto)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、左旋西替利嗪(levocetirizine)、洛拉他定(loratadine)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、阿伐斯丁假麻黃素(acrivastine pseudoephedrine)、洛拉他定假麻黃素(loratadine pseudoephedrine)、葡糖胺(glucosamine)、玻尿酸(hyaluronic acid)、十肽KSL-W(decapeptide KSL-W)、十肽KSL(decapeptide KSL)、白藜蘆醇(resveratrol)、迷索前列醇(misoprostol)、安非他酮(bupropion)、昂丹司瓊HCl(ondansetron HCl)、埃索美拉唑(esomeprazole)、蘭索拉唑(lansoprazole)、奧美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、雷貝拉唑(rabeprazole)、細菌及其類似物、洛哌丁胺(loperamide)、聚二甲矽氧烷(simethicone)、乙醯水楊酸及其他、硫糖鋁(sucralfate)、克黴唑(clotrimazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、安樂普利諾(allopurinol)、丙磺舒(probenecid)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、菸鹼酸(nicotinic acid)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、羅素他汀(rosuvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、匹魯卡品(pilocarpine)、萘普生(naproxen)、阿侖膦酸鹽(alendronate)、依替膦酸鹽(etidronate)、雷諾昔酚(raloxifene)、利塞膦酸鹽(risedronate)、苯并二氮呯(benzodiazepines)、戒酒硫(disulphiram)、納曲酮(naltrexone)、丁基原啡因(buprenorphine)、可待因(codeine)、右旋丙氧吩(dextropropoxyphene)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、氫嗎啡酮(hydromorphone)、凱托米酮(ketobemidone)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、美沙酮(methadone)、嗎啡(morphine)、萘普生(naproxen)、尼可嗎啡(nicomorphine)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、哌替啶(pethidine)、曲馬多(tramadol)、阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、氨苄青黴素(ampicillin)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、強力黴素(doxycyclin)、紅黴素(erythromycin)、夫西地酸(fusidic acid)、賴甲環素(lymecvcline)、甲硝噠唑(metronidazole)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、土黴素(oxytetracycline)、苯氧甲基青黴素(phenoxymethylpenicillin)、利福黴素(rifamycins)、羅紅黴素(roxithromycin)、磺胺噻唑(sulphamethizole)、四環素(tetracycline)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、萬古黴素(vancomycin)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、格列本脲(glibenclamide)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、胰島素(insulin)、瑞格列奈(repaglinide)、甲苯磺丁脲(tolbutamide)、奧司他韋(oseltamivir)、阿昔洛韋(aciclovir)、泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)、噴昔洛韋(penciclovir)、纈更昔洛韋(valganciclovir)、氨氯地平(amlopidine)、地爾硫卓(diltiazem)、非洛地平(felodipine)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、維拉帕米(verapamil)、非那雄安(finasteride)、米諾地爾(minoxidil)、可卡因(cocaine)、丁丙諾啡(buphrenorphin)、氯壓定(clonidine)、美沙酮(methadone)、納曲酮(naltrexone)、鈣拮抗劑(calcium antagonists)、氯壓定(clonidine)、麥角胺(ergotamine)、β-阻斷劑(β-blockers)、醋氯芬酸(aceclofenac)、塞內昔布(celecoxib)、右布洛芬(dexiprofen)、依託度酸(etodolac)、吲哚美辛(indometacin)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、氯諾昔康(lornoxicam)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、厄羅昔康(oiroxicam)、帕瑞考昔(parecoxib)、苯基丁氮酮(phenylbutazone)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)、托芬那酸(tolfenamic acid)、阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、氯丙硫葸(chlorprothixene)、氯氮平(clozapine)、氟哌噻噸(flupentixol)、氟非那嗪(fluphenazine)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)、碳酸鋰(lithium carbonate)、檸檬酸鋰(lithium citrate)、美哌隆(melperone)、五氟利多(penfluridol)、哌氰嗪(periciazine)、佩吩嗪(perphenazine)、哌迷清(pimozide)、匹泮哌隆(pipamperone)、丙氯拉嗪(prochlorperazine)、利培酮(risperidone)、硫醚嗪(thioridizin)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、伏立康唑(voriconazole)、鴉片(opium)、苯并二氮呯(benzodiazepines)、氫新(hydroxine)、甲丙胺酯(meprobarnate)、啡噻嗪(phenothiazine)、胺基乙酸鋁(aluminiumaminoacetate)、埃索美拉唑(esomeprazole)、法莫替丁(famotidine)、氧化鎂、尼紮替丁(nizatide)、奧美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、甲硝噠唑(metronidazole)、安非他明(amphetamine)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、反丁烯二酸比索洛爾(bisoprolol fumarate)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、美托洛爾(metropolol)、品多洛爾(pindolol)、普萘洛爾(propranolol)、金諾芬(auranofin)及苄達酸(bendazac)。
適用的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物的其他實例可包括選自包含以下的治療群組的活性成分:鎮痛劑、麻醉劑、退熱劑、抗過敏劑、抗心律不齊劑、食慾抑制劑、抗真菌劑、消炎劑、支氣管擴張劑、心血管藥物、冠狀動脈擴張劑、大腦擴張劑、周邊血管舒張劑、抗感染劑、精神藥物、抗躁狂劑、刺激劑、抗組胺劑、輕瀉劑、減充血劑、胃腸鎮靜劑、性功能障礙劑、消毒劑、抗腹瀉劑、抗心絞痛物質、血管舒張劑、抗高血壓劑、血管收縮劑、偏頭痛治療劑、抗生素、安定劑、抗精神病劑、抗腫瘤藥物、抗凝血劑、抗血栓劑、催眠劑、鎮靜劑、止吐劑、抗噁心劑、抗驚厥劑、神經肌肉劑、高血糖劑及低血糖劑、甲狀腺劑及抗甲狀腺劑、利尿劑、鎮痙劑、子宮弛緩劑、抗肥胖劑、減食慾劑、解痙劑、合成代謝劑、紅血球生成劑、抗哮喘劑、除痰劑、咳嗽抑制劑、黏液溶解劑、抗尿毒症劑、牙齒媒劑、口氣清新劑、抗酸藥、抗利尿劑、抗脹氣劑、β阻斷劑、牙齒增白劑、酶、輔酶、蛋白質、能量增強劑、纖維、益生菌、益菌助生質、NSAID、鎮咳劑、解充血劑、抗組胺、祛痰劑、止瀉劑、氫拮抗劑、質子泵抑制劑、通用非選擇性CNS抑鬱劑、通用非選擇性CNS刺激劑、選擇性CNS功能改良藥物、抗帕金森病劑、麻醉性鎮痛藥、止痛性退熱劑、心理藥理學藥物、及性功能障礙劑。
適用的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物的實例也可包括:酪蛋白糖基巨肽(CGMP)、三氯生(Triclosan)、氯化鯨蠟基吡錠、溴化度米芬(Domiphen bromide)、四級銨鹽、鋅組分、血根鹼、氟化物、阿來西定(Alexidine)、歐克尼定(Octonidine)、EDTA、阿司匹林、乙醯胺苯酚、布洛芬、酮基布洛芬、二氟尼柳、非諾洛芬鈣、萘普生、托美丁鈉、吲哚美辛、苯佐那酯(Benzonatate)、乙二磺酸卡拉美芬(Caramiphen edisylate)、薄荷醇、氫溴酸右甲嗎喃、鹽酸可可豆鹼、鹽酸氯苯達諾(Chlophendianol Hydrochloride)、鹽酸假麻黃素、苯腎上腺素(Phenylephrine)、苯丙醇胺、硫酸假麻黃素、順丁烯二酸溴非尼拉明(Brompheniramine maleate)、順丁烯二酸氯芬尼拉明(Chlorpheniramine maleate)、順丁烯二酸卡比沙明(Carbinoxamine maleate)、反丁烯二酸氯馬斯汀(Clermastine fumarate)、順丁烯二酸右氯菲安明(Dexchlorpheniramine maleate)、鹽酸苯海拉明(Dephenhydramine hydrochloride)、鹽酸二苯胺、順丁烯二酸阿紮他啶(Azatadine maleate)、檸檬酸苯海拉明(Diphenhydramine citrate)、丁二酸苯吡拉明(Doxylamine succinate)、鹽酸普魯米近(Promethazine hvdrochloride)、順丁烯二酸吡拉明(Pyrilamine maleate)、檸檬酸三培拉明(Tripellenamine citrate)、鹽酸曲普利啶(Triprolidine hydrochloride)、阿伐斯丁(Acrivastine)、洛拉他定(Loratadine)、溴苯那敏(Brompheniramine)、德溴非明(Dexbrompheniamine)、愈創甘油醚(Guaifenesin)、吐根(Ipecac)、碘化鉀(potassium iodide)、水合萜二醇(Terpin hydrate)、洛哌丁胺(Loperamide)、法莫替丁(Famotidine)、雷尼替丁(Ranitidine)、奧美拉唑(Omeprazole)、蘭索拉唑(Lansoprazole)、脂族醇(Aliphatic alcohol)、巴比妥酸鹽(Barbiturate)、咖啡鹼(caffeine)、番木鼈鹼(strychnine)、苦味毒(Picrotoxin)、戊四氮、苯基乙內醯脲、苯巴比妥(Phenobarbital)、普里米酮(Primidone)、卡馬西平(Carbamazapine)、乙琥胺、甲琥胺、苯琥胺(Phensuximide)、三甲雙酮(Trimethadione)、安定(Diazepam)、苯并二氮呯(Benzodiazepine)、苯乙醯脲、苯丁醯脲、乙醯唑胺、蘇太明(Sulthiame)、溴化物、左旋多巴(Levodopa)、金剛胺(Amantadine)、嗎啡鹼(Morphine)、海洛因(Heroin)、氫嗎啡酮(Hydromorphone)、美托酮(Metopon)、羥嗎啡酮(Oxymorphone)、羥甲左嗎喃(Levophanol)、可待因(Codeine)、氫可酮(Hydrocodone)、羥考酮(Xycodone)、納洛芬(Nalorphine)、納洛酮(Naloxone)、納曲酮(Naltrexone)、水楊酸鹽(Salicylate)、苯基丁氮酮(Phenylbutazone)、吲哚美辛(Indomethacin)、非那西汀(Phenacetin)、氯丙嗪(Chlorpromazine)、左美丙嗪(Methotrimeprazine)、氟哌啶醇(Haloperidol)、氯氮平(Clozapine)、蛇根素鹼(Reserpine)、伊米帕明(Imipramine)、反苯環丙胺(Tranylcypromine)、苯乙肼(Phenelzine)、鋰、檸檬酸西地那非(ildenafil citrate)、他達拉非(Tadalafil)、及伐地那非CL(Vardenafil CL)。舉例來說,丁香酚可用作麻醉劑。
適用的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物的實例可包括選自以下的群的活性成分:ace抑制劑、抗心絞痛藥物、抗心律不齊劑、抗哮喘劑、抗膽固醇劑、鎮痛劑、麻醉劑、抗驚厥劑、抗抑鬱劑、抗糖尿病劑、抗腹瀉製劑、解毒劑、抗組胺、抗高血壓藥物、消炎劑、抗脂質劑、抗躁劑、抗噁心劑、抗中風劑、抗甲狀腺製劑、抗腫瘤藥物、抗病毒劑、痤瘡藥物、生物鹼、胺基酸製劑、鎮咳劑、抗尿毒症劑、抗病毒藥物、合成代謝製劑、全身及非全身抗感染劑、抗腫瘤藥、抗帕金森病劑、抗風濕病劑、食慾刺激劑、生物學反應改性劑、血液改性劑、骨骼代謝調節劑、心血管劑、中樞神經系統刺激劑、膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、避孕藥、解充血劑、膳食補充劑、多巴胺受體促效劑、子宮內膜異位處理劑、酶、勃起功能障礙療法(諸如檸檬酸西地那非(sildenafil citrate,其目前作為ViagraTM
出售)、生育劑、胃腸劑、順勢療法治療物、激素、高鈣血症處理劑及低鈣血症處理劑、免疫調節劑、免疫抑制劑、偏頭痛製劑、動暈症處理劑、肌肉鬆弛劑、肥胖症處理劑、骨質疏鬆製劑、催產劑、副交感神經阻斷藥、擬副交感神經藥、前列腺素、心理治療劑、呼吸道劑、鎮靜劑、戒菸助劑(諸如溴麥角環肽)、交感神經劑、顫抖製劑、泌尿道劑、血管擴張劑、輕瀉劑、解酸劑、離子交換樹脂、退燒藥、食慾抑制劑、祛痰劑、抗焦慮劑、抗潰瘍劑、消炎物質、冠狀動脈擴張劑、大腦擴張劑、周邊血管擴張劑、精神藥物、刺激劑、抗高血壓藥物、血管收縮劑、偏頭痛治療劑、抗生素、安神劑、抗精神病藥、抗腫瘤藥物、抗凝集劑、抗血栓藥物、安眠藥、抗催吐藥、抗噁心劑、抗驚厥劑、神經肌肉藥物、高血糖劑及低血糖劑、甲狀腺及抗甲狀腺製劑、利尿劑、解痙藥、子宮鬆弛劑、抗肥胖藥物、紅血球生成藥物、抗哮喘劑、咳嗽抑制劑、黏液溶解劑、DNA及基因修飾藥物、及其組合。
預期適用的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物的實例也可包括解酸劑、H2拮抗劑及鎮痛劑。舉例來說,解酸劑劑量可單獨使用碳酸鈣成分或與氫氧化鎂及/或氫氧化鋁組合使用碳酸鈣成分來製備。另外,解酸劑可與H2拮抗劑組合使用。
鎮痛劑包括鴉片劑及鴉片劑衍生物,諸如Oxycontin™、布洛芬、阿司匹林、乙醯胺苯酚、及其組合,其可視需要包括咖啡鹼。
其他適用的醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可包括止瀉劑,諸如Immodium™ AD、抗組胺、鎮咳劑、解充血劑、維生素及口氣清新劑。本文也考慮使用抗焦慮劑,諸如Xanax™;抗精神病藥,諸如Clozaril™及Haldol™;非類固醇消炎劑(NSAID),諸如布洛芬、萘普生鈉、Voltaren™及Lodine™;抗組胺,諸如Claritin™、Hismanal™、Relafen™及Tavist™;止吐藥,諸如Kytril™及Cesamet™;支氣管擴張劑,諸如Bentolin™、Proventil™;抗抑鬱劑,諸如Prozac™、Zoloft™及Paxil™;抗偏頭痛劑,諸如Imigra™;ACE抑制劑,諸如Vasotec™、Capoten™及Zestril™;抗阿茲海默氏病劑,諸如Nicergoline™;及CaH拮抗劑,諸如Procardia™、Adalat™及Calan™。
預期用於本發明中的常用H2拮抗劑包括西咪替丁、鹽酸雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、尼沙替丁(nizatidine)、乙溴替丁(ebrotidine)、咪芬替丁(mifentidine)、羅沙替丁(roxatidine)、比薩替丁(pisatidine)、及乙酸羅沙替丁(aceroxatidine)。
活性解酸劑成分可包括但不限於以下:氫氧化鋁、胺基乙酸二羥基鋁、胺基乙酸、磷酸鋁、碳酸二羥鋁鈉、碳酸氫鹽、鋁酸鉍、碳酸鉍、次碳酸鉍、次沒食子酸鉍、次硝酸鉍、次水楊酸鉍、磷酸鈣、檸檬酸根離子(酸或鹽)、胺基乙酸、水合硫酸鎂鋁、氫氧化鎂鋁、矽酸鎂鋁、碳酸鎂、甘胺酸鎂、氫氧化鎂、氧化鎂、三矽酸鎂、乳固形物、單或二鹼式磷酸鈣鋁、磷酸三鈣、碳酸氫鉀、酒石酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、矽酸鎂鋁、酒石酸、及鹽。
在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自鎮痛劑/麻醉劑,諸如薄荷醇、苯酚、己基間苯二酚、苯佐卡因、鹽酸達克羅寧、苯甲醇、鄰羥苄醇、及其組合。在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自緩和劑,諸如赤榆皮(slippery elm bark)、果膠、明膠、及其組合。在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自防腐劑成分,諸如氯化十六烷基吡啶、溴化度米芬、氯化地喹銨、丁香酚、及其組合。
在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自止咳成分,諸如鹽酸氯苯達諾、可待因、磷酸可待因、硫酸可待因、右甲嗎喃、氫溴酸右甲嗎喃、檸檬酸苯海拉明、及鹽酸苯海拉明、及其組合。
在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自咽喉舒緩劑,諸如蜂蜜、蜂膠、真蘆薈、丙三醇、薄荷醇、及其組合。在仍其他具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自咳嗽抑制劑。這種咳嗽抑制劑可分成兩組:改變痰的紋理或產量的那些,諸如黏液溶解劑及祛痰劑;及抑制咳嗽反射的那些,諸如可待因(麻醉性咳嗽抑制劑)、抗組胺、右甲嗎喃及異丙腎上腺素(非麻醉性咳嗽抑制劑)。
在仍其他具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可為選自包含以下的群的止咳劑:可待因、右甲嗎喃、右羥嗎喃、苯海拉明、氫可酮、諾斯卡品、羥考酮、噴托維林、及其組合。在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自抗組胺,諸如阿伐斯丁(acrivastine)、阿紮他啶(azatadine)、溴苯那敏(brompheniramine)、氯[φ]非尼拉敏(chlo[phi]heniramine)、氯馬斯汀(clemastine)、塞庚啶(cyproheptadine)、右溴苯那敏(dexbrompheniramine)、茶苯海明(dimenhydrinate)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、苯吡拉明(doxylamine)、安泰樂(hydroxyzine)、美克利嗪(meclizine)、苯茚胺(phenindamine)、苯托沙敏(phenyltoloxamine)、普魯米近(promethazine)、比拉明(pyrilamine)、曲吡那明(tripelennamine)、曲普利啶(triprolidine)、及其組合。在一些具體實例中,醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物可選自非鎮靜抗組胺,諸如阿司咪唑(astemizole)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、依巴司汀(ebastine)、菲索芬那定(fexofenadine)、氯雷他定(loratidine)、特非那定(terfenadine)、及其組合。
舉例來說,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物選自香料、調味劑、精油、殺昆蟲劑、殺真菌劑、醫藥活性劑或其醫藥非活性前驅物,例如防腐劑及/或麻醉劑、及其混合物。
若顆粒包含至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物,則以顆粒總乾重計,至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物較佳以0.5到80重量%,較佳10重量%到70重量%,且最佳20到60重量%的量存在於顆粒中。
或者或更甚者,顆粒包含一或多種潤滑劑及/或一或多種崩解劑,及/或與一或多種潤滑劑及/或一或多種崩解劑混合。
舉例來說,若顆粒包含一或多種潤滑劑,則較佳在造粒之後使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與一或多種潤滑劑混合,使得一或多種潤滑劑存在於顆粒的表面上。
或者或更甚者,若顆粒包含一或多種崩解劑,則較佳在造粒之前使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與一或多種崩解劑混合,使得一或多種崩解劑存在於整個顆粒中。或者,較佳在造粒之後使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與一或多種崩解劑混合,使得一或多種崩解劑存在於顆粒的表面上。
較佳地,顆粒包含一種潤滑劑及/或一種崩解劑,及/或與一種潤滑劑及/或一種崩解劑混合。舉例來說,顆粒包含一種潤滑劑或一種崩解劑,及/或與一種潤滑劑或一種崩解劑混合。
應注意,可用於本發明顆粒的潤滑劑及崩解劑大體上為造粒領域中眾所周知的那些。
在一個較佳的具體實例中,崩解劑可選自包含以下的群:交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、修飾的纖維素樹膠、不溶性交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、澱粉、修飾的澱粉,諸如澱粉羥乙酸鈉、預糊化澱粉或羧甲基澱粉鈉、低取代羥丙基纖維素、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的均聚物、烷基纖維素酯、羥烷基纖維素酯、羧基烷基纖維素酯、藻酸、微晶纖維素及其多晶型形式、離子交換樹脂、樹膠、甲殼素、殼聚糖、黏土、結冷膠、交聯泊拉可林(polacrillin)共聚物、瓊脂、明膠、糊精、丙烯酸聚合物、羧甲基纖維素鈉/鈣、鄰苯二甲酸羥丙基甲基纖維素、大豆多醣、或其混合物。一或多種崩解劑也可為超級崩解劑。可用於本發明顆粒的超級崩解劑大體上為造粒領域中眾所周知的那些。示例性的超級崩解劑包括但不限於交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、不溶性交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、澱粉羥乙酸鈉、及其混合物。
潤滑劑可選自內相潤滑劑及/或外相潤滑劑。
這種內相潤滑劑可選自包含以下的群:脂肪酸的脫水山梨糖醇酯及聚氧乙基化氫化蓖麻油(例如以商標名CREMOPHOR®
出售的產品)、環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物(例如以商標名PLURONIC®
及POLOXAMER出售的產品)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯脫水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸的脫水山梨糖醇酯及聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、硬脂醇、二山崳酸甘油酯、硬脂醯反丁烯二酸鈉、丙三醇二硬脂酸酯、及其組合。較佳地,內相潤滑劑為硬脂富馬酸鈉。
外相潤滑劑可選自包含以下的群:卵磷脂、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脫水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸鹽、可食脂肪酸的單甘油酯及二甘油酯的單乙醯基及二乙醯基酒石酸酯、可食脂肪酸的單甘油酯及二甘油酯的檸檬酸酯、脂肪酸的蔗糖酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯、互酯化蓖麻油酸的聚甘油酯(E476)、硬脂醯乳酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂及/或硬脂酸鈣、氫化植物油、硬脂酸、月桂基硫酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鎂、膠態二氧化矽、滑石、及其組合。較佳地,該外相潤滑劑為硬脂酸鎂及/或硬脂酸鈣,更佳為硬脂酸鎂。
以顆粒的總乾重計,一或多種潤滑劑以最多5重量%的量存在於顆粒中。若顆粒包含一或多種潤滑劑及/或與一或多種潤滑劑混合,則以顆粒的總乾重計,一或多種潤滑劑較佳以0.2到5重量%,更佳0.2到4.5重量%,甚至更佳0.3到0.4重量%,最佳0.5到3.0重量%存在於顆粒中。
以顆粒的總乾重計,一或多種崩解劑以最多20重量%的量存在於顆粒中。若顆粒包含一或多種崩解劑及/或與一或多種崩解劑混合,則以顆粒的總乾重計,一或多種崩解劑較佳以0.5到20重量%,更佳0.5到18重量%,甚至更佳1.0到16重量%,最佳1.5到12重量%的量存在。舉例來說,若一或多種崩解劑包含一或多種超級崩解劑,較佳一種超級崩解劑,則可相應地調節該量。特別地,若一或多種崩解劑包含一或多種超級崩解劑,則以顆粒的總乾重計,一或多種超級崩解劑,較佳一種超級崩解劑,以較佳最多8重量%,較佳1.0到8重量%的量存在。
已證明,根據本發明的包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中是優異的。較佳地,用於製備賦形劑的顆粒為如下獲得的,即使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑造粒,並使獲得的顆粒以至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物處理,使得至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物基本上僅存在於顆粒的外表面上。應當理解到,接著使顆粒,即以至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物處理的顆粒,在壓縮方法中,較佳在直接壓縮方法中壓縮,以形成賦形劑。也就是說,進行壓縮方法,較佳直接壓縮方法,使得顆粒被壓縮成小片劑或片劑。
應當理解到,壓縮方法可藉由本領域技術人員已知的任何壓縮方法來進行,例如使用單沖或旋轉機器的壓片機。
較佳地,壓縮方法為直接壓縮方法。較佳地,使用1到40 kN,更佳1.5到30 kN,最佳1.5到25 kN的範圍的力的直接壓縮方法。
應當理解到,壓縮方法,較佳直接壓縮方法,產生適合於醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、及個人護理產品的小片劑或片劑。
這種小片劑或片劑在本領域中是眾所周知的,且具有通常用於待製備產品的粒度。
舉例來說,根據機械篩分,小片劑或片劑具有0.1到20.0 mm,較佳0.2到15.0 mm,且更佳0.3到10.0 mm的重量中值粒度d50
。
或者,若顆粒是在流體化床造粒機中藉由在造粒之前使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合而獲得的,所獲得的顆粒可用作膠囊或柔韌包裝,諸如小袋或流動包、自立袋、直條包等中通常已知的賦形劑。因此,在一個具體實例中,顆粒,即藉由在造粒之前使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合而在流體化床造粒機中獲得的顆粒,填充到膠囊或柔韌包裝,諸如小袋或流動包、自立袋、直條包等中。在一個具體實例中,使獲得的顆粒,即藉由在造粒之前使表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合而在流體化床造粒機中獲得的顆粒,進一步經由濕式法造粒進行壓片步驟,以獲得本發明的賦形劑。
顆粒較佳提供改善的流動性及/或壓縮性。
若硬度[N]對壓縮力[kN](硬度/壓縮力)的比率為至少為16,較佳至少20,則可實現流動性及/或壓縮性的改善。舉例來說,硬度[N]對壓縮力[kN]的比率(硬度/壓縮力)為20到50,較佳20到40,且最佳20到30。
實施例
1.
測量方法
以下描述在實施例中實施的測量方法
粒度分布
使用Malvern Mastersizer 3000雷射繞射系統(Malvern Instruments Plc.,英國)來評估體積判定的中值粒徑d50
(體積)及體積判定的頂切粒徑d98
(體積)。d50
(體積)或d98
(體積)值表示如此的直徑值,即50體積%或98體積%的粒子分別具有小於該值的直徑。使用米氏理論分析藉由測量獲得的原始數據,粒子折射率為1.57,吸收指數為0.005。方法及儀器為技術人員已知,且通常用於判定填料及顏料的粒度分布。在任何預先處理的乾燥條件下測量樣品。
藉由沉降法測量重量判定的中值粒度d50
(重量),其為在重力場中的沉降行為的分析。以美國Micromeritics Instrument Corporation的SedigraphTM
5120進行測量。方法及儀器為技術人員已知,且通常用於判定填料及顏料的粒度分布。測量在0.1重量%的Na4
P2
O7
水溶液中進行。使用高速攪拌器分散樣品並進行超音波處理。
使用振動篩塔分析顆粒的粒度分布。使120 g顆粒的等分試樣放在,篩孔尺寸為90 pm、180 pm、250 pm、355 pm、500 pm、710 pm、5 mm及1 mm的鋼絲篩網(Retsch,德國)上。以1 mm的振動位移搖動篩分塔6分鐘,間隔10秒。
方法及儀器為技術人員已知,且通常用於測定填料及顏料的粒度。
比表面積
(SSA)
比表面積是根據ISO 9277:2010,使用氮氣,經由BET方法,藉由在250°C下加熱30分鐘來調節樣品之後測量的。在進行這種測量之前,使樣品在布氏漏斗中過濾,以去離子水沖洗,並在110°C烤箱中的乾燥至少12小時。
粒子內侵入比孔體積
(cm3
/g)
使用壓汞孔隙儀測量比孔體積,測量使用最大施加壓力為汞414 MPa (60000 psi)的Micromeritics Autopore V 9620汞細孔計測量,相當於使用0.004 µm (~nm)的拉普拉斯喉部直徑來測量。每個壓力步驟中使用的平衡時間為20秒。使樣品材料密封在5 cm3的腔室粉末穿透計中進行分析。使用軟體Pore-Comp (Gane,P.A.C.,Kettle, J.P., Matthews, G.P.及Ridgway,C.J.,「Void Space Structure of Compressible Polymer Spheres and Consolidated Calcium Carbonate Paper-Coating Formulations」,Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,35(5),1996,p1753-1764)對汞壓縮、穿透計膨脹及样品材料壓縮進行數據校正。
累積侵入數據中看到的總孔體積可分成兩個區域,侵入數據從214 µm降低到大約1到4 µm,這顯示樣品在任何強烈貢獻的團聚物結構之間的粗糙堆積。在這些直徑以下為粒子本身的細粒子間堆積。若其也具有粒子內孔,則此區域呈現雙峰,且藉由使汞侵入到比模態轉折點更細的孔中的比孔體積(即比雙峰拐點更細),可界定比粒子內孔體積。這三個區域的總和給出粉末的總孔體積,但強烈取決於粉末在分布的粗孔末端的原始樣品壓縮/沉降。
藉由採用累積侵入曲線的一階導數,揭示基於等效拉普拉斯直徑的孔徑分布,這會不可避免地包括孔屏蔽。微分曲線清楚顯示出粗團聚物孔結構區域、粒子間孔區域以及粒子內孔區域(若存在)。若已知粒子內孔徑範圍,則可從總孔體積中減去剩餘的粒子間及團聚物間孔體積,以便僅根據每單位質量的孔體積(比孔體積)得到所需的內孔孔體積。當然,相同的減法原理適用於分離任何其他感興趣的孔徑區域。
堆積密度
藉由粉末漏斗使100 ± 0.5 g的各別材料小心地填充到250 mL的量筒中,並讀出體積,精確到1 mL。根據以下公式計算鬆散堆積密度:鬆散堆積密度[g/mL]=堆積體積[mL]/稱量樣品[g],且使結果記錄到最接近0.01 g/mL。
振實密度
藉由粉末漏斗使100 ± 0.5 g的各別材料小心地填充到250 mL的量筒中。
量筒連接到具有能夠產生輕敲的沉降裝置的支架。使量桶固定在此支架上,並讀取1250次輕敲後的體積。隨後實施由1250個輕敲組成的第二次敲擊步驟,並讀取體積值。當使第二次振實體積值與此第一次振實體積值相差不超過2 mL時,即為振實體積。當此值的差異大於2 mL時,重複1250次輕敲的敲擊步驟,直到在後續步驟中未觀察到大於2 mL的差異為止。
豪斯納
(Hausner)
比率
豪斯納比率是與粉末材料的流動性相關的數值,且計算如下:豪斯納比率=(振實密度)/(堆積密度)
壓縮指數
壓縮指數計算如下:壓縮指數(%)=(振實密度-堆積密度)/振實密度*100
休止角
休止角在流動性測試儀中測量。使約150毫升的各別材料填充到配備有10毫米噴嘴的料斗中。清空料斗後,藉由雷射束測量顆粒斜面,並計算休止角。休止角ß是與水平線相對的斜側面的角度,其如圖1所示計算:
SEM
藉由以5 ml的水稀釋50到150 µl的漿液樣品來製備樣品。漿料樣品的量取決於固體含量、粒度平均值及粒度分布。使用0.8 µm的膜濾器過濾稀釋的樣品。當濾液混濁時,使用更精細的過濾器。使雙面導電膠帶安裝在SEM導體棒(stub)上。接著將此SEM導體棒輕輕壓在過濾器上仍濕的濾餅中。接著以8 nm Au濺鍍SEM導體棒。FESEM (Zeiss Sigma VP)下的研究在5 kV(Au)下進行。隨後,藉由使用Sigma VP場發射掃描電子顯微鏡(Carl Zeiss AG,德國)及二次電子檢測器(SE2)在高真空(< 10-2
Pa)下檢查製備的樣品。
2.
使用的材料
表面反應碳酸鈣
SRCC
表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)(d50
(體積)= 6.6 µm,d98
=13.7 µm,SSA = 59.9 m2
/g)。粒子內侵入比孔體積為0.939 cm3
/g(對於0.004到0.51 µm的孔徑範圍來說)。
SRCC藉由以下獲得:在混合容器中製備350公升的研磨碳酸鈣的水性懸浮液,藉由調節來自Orgon的Omya SAS的研磨石灰石的固體含量(其具有藉由沉降判定的1.3 µm的基於重量的中值粒度d50
(重量)),使得獲得以水性懸浮液的總重計10重量%的固體含量。
在以6.2 m/s的速度混合漿料的同時,在70°C的溫度下,在20分鐘的時間內使11.2 kg的磷酸以含有30重量%磷酸的水溶液的形式添加到該懸浮液中。在添加酸之後,再攪拌漿料5分鐘,接著使其移出容器並使用噴射乾燥器乾燥。
其他材料
來自BASF的聚乙烯吡咯啶酮-K90
來自JRS的交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉-Ac-di-sol
來自Peter Greven的硬脂酸鎂(Ligamed MF-2V)
來自Dupont的HPMC 4M(Methocel 4M,羥丙基甲基纖維素)
3.
藉由流體化床實驗造粒
FCC
A.
使用聚乙烯吡咯啶酮作為黏合劑
流體化床試驗在Glatt GPC G2上使用切向噴塗以如下設置進行:
•氣溫:60°C
•風量流量:5-30 m3
/h
•噴霧泵:2-10 g/min
•噴塗壓力1.5巴
•表面反應碳酸鈣的批量:500 g
•聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)黏合劑濃度:4% w/w
在交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉存在或不存在下,使乾粉表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)引入流體化床室。
表1顯示聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)對表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)及交叉羧甲基纖維素鈉(CCM)的比例,這些比例已用於製備賦形劑(即顆粒):
表1:顆粒的組成
*:%以重量%表示(以顆粒的總重計)
| 樣品編號 | 表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)(%) | 羧甲基纖維素鈉 (CCM) (%* ) | 聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)(%* ) |
| 1 | 92.6 | 0 | 7.4 |
| 2 | 89.6 | 3 | 7.4 |
顆粒的PSD在下表2中示出。
表2:不同樣品的PSD
| 樣品編號 | d 10 (µm) | d 50 (µm) | d 90 (µm) |
| 1 | 22 | 120 | 325 |
| 2 | 28 | 155.7 | 384.6 |
所獲得的共處理的賦形劑(即顆粒)的密度及壓縮值列於表3。
表3:密度及壓縮值
| 樣品編號 | 堆積密度(g/ml) | 振實密度(g/ml) | 豪斯納比率 | 根據EuPh | 休止角(°) |
| 1 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 1.20 | 一般 | 40.1 |
| 2 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 1.15 | 良好 | 40.3 |
流體化床顆粒的製片試驗
(
樣品
1
到
2)
表1到表3中列出的顆粒進一步進行壓片步驟。片劑的組成列於下表4。
表4:混合物組成
*:%以重量%表示(以片劑的總重計)
| 樣品編號 | 流體化床顆粒樣品1(%* ) | 流體化床顆粒樣品2(%* ) | 羧甲基纖維素鈉(%* ) | 硬脂酸鎂(%* ) | 吡羅昔康(%* ) | 咖啡鹼(%* ) |
| 1 | 95 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 | 98 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 65 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 30 |
| 4 | 0 | 68 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 30 |
| 5 | 75 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 0 |
使獲得的賦形劑,即顆粒(樣品編號1到2)進一步與2重量%的潤滑劑(硬脂酸鎂,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas# 557-04-0,Peter Greven)在Turbula混合機(Willy A. Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合5分鐘。混合物進一步用於在Fette 1200i中製備片劑,其使用EU1”工具,10 mm填充凸輪,8個標準凸圓10 mm沖頭,且壓片速度為15000片/小時。調節填充深度以獲得2 kN到20 kN的壓縮力,且固定片劑重量為175 mg。
或者,使所得的賦形劑進一步與超級崩解劑交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(CCM,來自JRS的Vivasol)及/或活性醫藥成分(無水咖啡鹼(BASF)或吡羅昔康(SelectChemie))在Turbula混合機(Willy A. Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合10分鐘。使這些混合物進一步與2重量%的潤滑劑(硬脂酸鎂,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas# 557-04-0,Peter Greven)在Turbula混合機(Willy A. Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合5分鐘,並用於製備上述片劑。
賦形劑的片劑硬度[N]與主壓縮力[kN]的關係示於圖2中。混合物的易碎性(%)與硬度[N]的函數示於圖3中。圖4顯示表4混合物的崩解時間[秒]與片劑硬度[N]的函數。崩解測試以Pharmatron的DisiTest 50自動片劑崩解測試儀進行。
為了進行測試,使燒杯填充720 ml的蒸餾水。加熱水到37.0°C,接著將6個片劑放在堅固的籃中。
設備自動檢測並記錄崩解時間。另外,也肉眼監測崩解時間。
B.
使用羥丙基甲基纖維素作為黏合劑
流體化床試驗在Glatt GPC G2上使用切向噴塗以如下設置進行:
•氣溫:60°C
•空氣體積流量:5-30 m3
/h
•噴霧泵:2-10 g/min
•噴霧壓力1巴
•表面反應碳酸鈣的批量:500 g
•羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)黏合劑濃度:0.5 % w/w
在交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉存在或不存在下,使乾粉表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)引入流體化床室。
表5顯示羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)對表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)的比例,這些比例已用於製備賦形劑:
表5:HPMC對SRCC的比例
*:%以重量%表示(以片劑的總重計)
| 樣品編號 | 表面反應碳酸鈣(SRCC)(%* ) | 羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)(%* ) |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
樣品7的PSD在下表6中示出
表6:樣品7的PSD
表7:密度及壓縮值
| 樣品編號 | d 10 (µm) | d 50 (µm) | d 90 (µm) |
| 7 | 41 | 140 | 247 |
| 樣品編號 | 堆積密度(g/ml) | 振實密度(g/ml) | 豪斯納比率 | 根據EuPh | 平均流量(秒/100 g) |
| 7 | 0.370 | 0.46 | 1.24 | 一般 | 10 |
使所獲得的賦形劑(樣品7)進一步與10%的無水BASF咖啡鹼)及3%的羧甲基纖維素鈉(CCM,來自JRS的Vivasol)在Turbula混合機(Willy A. Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合10分鐘。接著,使2重量%的潤滑劑(硬脂酸鎂,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas# 557-04-0,Peter Greven)添加到混合物中,並在Turbula混合機(Willy A. Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中進一步混合5分鐘。混合物進一步用於在Fette 1200i中製備片劑,其使用EU1”工具,10 mm填充凸輪,8個標準凸圓10 mm沖頭,且壓片速度為15000片/小時。調節填充深度以獲得2 kN到20 kN的壓縮力,且固定片劑重量為130 mg。
結果示於圖5到圖7。圖5顯示混合物的片劑硬度[N]與主壓縮力[kN]的函數的比較。圖6顯示樣品7的易碎性與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。圖7顯示樣品7的崩解時間與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。
無
[圖1]顯示如何計算休止角ß。
[圖2]顯示混合物的片劑硬度[N]與主壓縮力[kN]的函數的比較。
[圖3]顯示混合物的易碎性與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。
[圖4]顯示混合物的崩解時間與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。
[圖5]顯示混合物的片劑硬度[N]與主壓縮力[kN]的函數的比較。
[圖6]顯示樣品7的易碎性與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。
[圖7]顯示樣品7的崩解時間與片劑硬度[N]的函數的比較。
以下實施例及試驗將說明本發明,但不以任何方式限制本發明。
Claims (15)
- 一種包含表面反應碳酸鈣及一或多種黏合劑的顆粒作為賦形劑在醫藥、營養品、農業、獸醫、化妝品、家庭、食品、包裝、或個人護理產品中之用途,其中該等顆粒具有 i) 根據機械篩分測量的150到700 µm的重量粒度d 90 , ii) 根據機械篩分測量的45到300 µm的重量中值粒度d 50 , iii) 根據機械篩分測量的18到100 µm的重量粒度d 10 ,以及 iv) 藉由BET氮氣法測量的≥ 15.0 m2 /g的比表面積。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該表面反應碳酸鈣為天然研磨或沉澱碳酸鈣與二氧化碳及一或多種H3 O+ 離子供體在水性介質中的反應產物,其中該二氧化碳藉由H3 O+ 離子供體處理原位形成及/或由外部來源供應。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該天然研磨碳酸鈣選自含有選自包含大理石、白堊、石灰石及其混合物的群的礦物的碳酸鈣;且該沉澱碳酸鈣選自包含具有文石型(aragonitic)、球霰石型(vateritic)或方解石型(calcitic)礦物晶形或其混合物的沉澱碳酸鈣的群。
- 如前述請求項中任一項的用途,其中該表面反應碳酸鈣具有 i) 根據ISO 9277:2010使用氮氣及BET方法測量的20 m2 /g到450 m2 /g,較佳20 m2 /g到250 m2 /g,更佳30 m2 /g到160 m2 /g,最佳40 m2 /g到150 m2 /g,仍更佳40 m2 /g到140 m2 /g的BET比表面積,及/或 ii) 1 µm到50 µm,較佳1到45mm,更佳2到30mm的體積中值粒徑d 50 ,及/或 iii) 藉由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到1.35 cm3 /g,較佳0.30到1.30 cm3 /g,更佳0.30到1.25 cm3 /g,最佳0.30到0.90 cm3 /g範圍內的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該一或多種黏合劑選自包含以下的群:合成聚合物,諸如甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、乙基羥乙基纖維素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然黏合劑,諸如植物膠,例如阿拉伯膠、黃芪膠、檜樹膠、甘地膠、刺梧桐膠、刺槐豆膠、棕櫚蠟及瓜爾膠;蛋白質,諸如明膠、酪蛋白、膠原蛋白;醣及多醣,諸如澱粉及其衍生物,即預糊化澱粉、麥芽糊精、菊醣、纖維素、果膠、鹿角菜膠及糖;動物滲出物,諸如蟲膠;蜂蠟、藻酸及其混合物。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒包含一或多種黏合劑,該一或多種黏合劑的量以該等顆粒的總乾重計為0.25至35重量%,較佳0.5到15重量%,更佳0.5到10重量%,甚至更佳1.0到10重量%,最佳1.5到10重量%。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒包含及/或與至少一種活性成分及/或其非活性前驅物混合,該至少一種活性成分及/或該其非活性前驅物較佳選自包含以下的群:香料、調味劑、草藥萃取物及油、水果萃取物及油、營養物、微量礦物質、驅蟲劑、食品、化妝品、阻燃劑、酶、大分子、殺蟲劑、肥料、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、反應性化學品、醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫活性劑、或合成來源、半合成來源、其天然來源及其混合物的醫藥及/或營養品及/或獸醫非活性前驅物、及/或一或多種潤滑劑、及/或一或多種崩解劑。
- 如請求項7之用途,其中該等顆粒包含該至少一種活性成分及/或該其非活性前驅物,該至少一種活性成分及/或該其非活性前驅物的量以該等顆粒的總乾重計為0.5到80重量%,較佳10.0到70重量%,且最佳20到60重量%。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒在攪拌設備中攪拌下獲得,該攪拌設備較佳為選自以下的攪拌設備:Eirich混合機、流體化床乾燥機/造粒機、板式造粒機、台式造粒機、鼓式造粒機、盤式造粒機、碟式造粒機、犁頭混合機、立式或臥式混合機、高或低剪切混合機、高速攪拌機、及快速混合造粒機。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒具有由壓汞孔隙儀測量計算出的0.15到2.75 cm3 /g,較佳0.30到2.50 cm3 /g,且最佳0.40到2.00 cm3 /g的粒子內侵入比孔體積。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒在壓縮處理中被壓縮成小片劑或片劑。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該等顆粒在直接壓縮方法中被壓縮,較佳使用1到40 kN,更佳1.5到30 kN,且最佳1.5到25 kN範圍內的力。
- 如請求項1至10中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒被填充到膠囊或柔韌包裝中,諸如小袋或流動包(flowpack)、自立袋(doypack)、直條包(stickpack)等。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之用途,其中該等顆粒提供改善的流動性及/或壓縮性。
- 如請求項14之用途,其中若硬度[N]對壓縮力[kN](硬度/壓縮力)的比率為至少為16,較佳至少20,則可實現該改善。
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| US4985459A (en) | 1984-02-08 | 1991-01-15 | Richardson-Vicks, Inc. | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory compositions comprising diphenhydramine and methods of using same |
| FR2787802B1 (fr) | 1998-12-24 | 2001-02-02 | Pluss Stauffer Ag | Nouvelle charge ou pigment ou mineral traite pour papier, notamment pigment contenant du caco3 naturel, son procede de fabrication, compositions les contenant, et leurs applications |
| US6582738B2 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2003-06-24 | Deseret Laboratories, Inc. | Process for preparing chewing gum containing a nutritional supplement |
| US20030157213A1 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-21 | Jeffrey Jenkins | Nutrient chewing gum |
| FR2852600B1 (fr) | 2003-03-18 | 2005-06-10 | Nouveau pigment mineral contenant du carbonate de calcium, suspension aqueuse le contenant et ses usages | |
| FR2871474B1 (fr) | 2004-06-11 | 2006-09-15 | Omya Development Ag | Nouveau pigment mineral sec contenant du carbonate de calcium, suspension aqueuse le contenant et ses usages |
| EP1974806B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2011-09-14 | Omya Development Ag | Process for the purification of water |
| ATE459416T1 (de) | 2007-03-21 | 2010-03-15 | Omya Development Ag | Verfahren zur beseitigung von endokrin wirksamen verbindungen |
| EP1975310B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2011-12-28 | Omya Development Ag | Process for the control of pitch |
| SI1982759T1 (sl) | 2007-03-21 | 2012-02-29 | Omya Development Ag | Površinsko obdelan kalcijev karbonat in njegova uporaba v obdelavi odpadne vode |
| DK2070991T3 (da) | 2007-12-12 | 2010-12-20 | Omya Development Ag | Fremgangsmåde til frembringelse af overflademodificeret, udfældet calciumcarbonat |
| EP2168572A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-03-31 | Omya Development Ag | New controlled release active agent carrier |
| EP2264108B1 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2012-02-15 | Omya Development AG | Process to prepare a surface-reacted calcium carbonate implementing a weak acid |
| PT2264109E (pt) | 2009-06-15 | 2012-05-09 | Omya Development Ag | Processo de preparação de carbonato de cálcio com superfície tratada por reacção e sua utilização |
| EP2515943A4 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2014-04-30 | Fmc Corp | MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE COMPOSITIONS USEFUL AS RECOMPACTABLE PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS |
| ES2548911T3 (es) | 2011-11-04 | 2015-10-21 | Omya International Ag | Proceso para la purificación de agua y/o drenado de lodos y/o sedimentos usando un carbonato de calcio de superficie tratada |
| ES2628371T3 (es) | 2012-10-12 | 2017-08-02 | Omya International Ag | Formulación de forma farmacéutica sólida de disgregación rápida que comprende carbonato de calcio funcionalizado y método para su fabricación |
| EP2719376B1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2015-03-04 | Omya International AG | Gastroretentive drug formulation and delivery systems and their method of preparation using functionalized calcium carbonate |
| WO2015181306A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | Omya International Ag | Method for the production of granules comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate |
| EP3034070A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-22 | Omya International AG | Method for the production of a pharmaceutical delivery system |
| EP3069713A1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-21 | Omya International AG | Dispersible dosage form |
| EP3176222A1 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-07 | Omya International AG | Method for the production of granules comprising surface-reacted calcium carbonate |
| EP3260114A1 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-27 | Omya International AG | Method for the production of a dosage form |
| EP3260115A1 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-27 | Omya International AG | Method for the production of a dosage form |
| EP3852807B1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2023-05-03 | Omya International AG | High performance excipient comprising co-processed microcrystalline cellulose and surface-reacted calcium carbonate |
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