TW202102316A - Device and method thereof for fuelization treatment of waste automobile shredder residue wherein the device includes a homogenization apparatus, a pyrolysis gasification apparatus, a secondary combustion apparatus, a heat energy recovery apparatus, an energy conversion apparatus, and an exhaust apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and a method thereof for fuelization treatment of waste automobile shredder residue, in which a waste vehicle is subjected to a preliminary decomposition into recyclable and non-recyclable wastes, the non-recyclable waste is crushed, screened and shredded to form ASR (automobile shredder residue) crude materials, after screening, separation of magnetic substances and non-ferrous metals to remove inorganic substances such as sand, magnetic substances and non-ferrous metals, the ASR crude materials are homogenized by a homogenization apparatus and sent into a pyrolysis gasification apparatus to undergo pyrolysis and gasification treatment in an oxygen-deficient environment to produce synthesis gas for fuel and power generation purposes. Next, a flue gas containing the synthesis gas as a fuel gas is sent to a secondary combustion apparatus for combustion to remove harmful substances and generate heat energy, then, the burned gas is sent to a heat energy recovery apparatus to collect the heat energy of combustion, and the collected heat energy is supplied to an energy conversion apparatus to produce available energy. After recovering the available energy, the remaining flue gas is subjected to purification treatment and discharged to the outside through an exhaust apparatus.

Description

Fuel treatment device and method for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles

The invention relates to a fuel treatment device, in particular to a fuel treatment device and a method for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles.

With the advancement of science and technology, the manufacture and use of vehicles has become more and more common in a modern society. What follows is how to dispose of a large number of vehicles after they are scrapped, and how to reuse the processed residues. Minimize the impact of waste motor vehicles on the environment, while practicing the spirit of sustainable development and circular economy. At present, the automobile recycling and dismantling industry has been mechanized and automated. In recent years, key enterprises have begun to adopt waste car dismantling lines, which has greatly increased Operational efficiency also indirectly promotes the refinement of the dismantling of waste cars, which increases the recycling rate of waste cars.

On the other hand, the fine classification also produces residues after dismantling, called Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR), which is quite complex in composition, including foam, plastic, rubber, and synthetic resin. , Fiber, metal, glass, dust, paint, and other impurities are difficult to recycle residues. The current generation of scrap motor vehicle shredded residues (ASR) in Taiwan is about 20,000 tons. Today, the main methods of processing ASR are incineration or burying. However, the complex characteristics of the materials make the ASR heat-concentrating quality non-uniform characteristics, and the willingness to deal with it is not high for those who need to consider the operation and service life of the incinerator.

On the other hand, landfill disposal may cause secondary pollution to soil and water quality, and minimizing waste and reducing buried waste are the main environmental trends today. It is known that waste motor vehicles can be recycled to pulverize residues, and combustibles can be screened out into gaseous waste derived fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF-7) to realize the conversion of waste into renewable energy.

Therefore, the inventor of the present case provides a fuel treatment device and method for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles. The ASR raw material is sent to the cracking gasifier, and the organic matter is decomposed into small molecule gas under high temperature and oxygen deficiency. In the initial stage of production, the gasification gas is completely decomposed and reformed into high-concentration CO and H2 synthetic gas. After these synthetic gas enters the second combustion chamber to burn at high temperature to produce heat, the heat energy is supplied to the turbine generator through the waste heat boiler , The back end can continue to produce energy in the form of heating, steam production or power generation.

Therefore, ASR is cracked and gasified in an oxygen-deficient environment to convert it into clean combustible gas. Through a refined and controllable thermal cracking process, high-efficiency energy conversion can be achieved. As a harmless treatment of energy saving and environmental protection technology, the device is in line with the current government's economic, industrial, energy saving, and environmental protection policies and the world's green new energy development trend.

In view of the problems encountered in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a fuel treatment device for pulverizing residues of waste motor vehicles. After using specific equipment to remove inorganic substances in the ASR raw materials, the ASR raw materials are sent to the cracking gasification reactor. , Under the condition of high temperature and oxygen deficiency, the organic matter is decomposed into small molecule gas (high concentration of CO and H ₂ ) synthetic gas. After the synthetic gas enters the second combustion chamber to burn at high temperature to produce heat, it is supplied with heat energy to the steam turbine generator through the waste heat boiler, which can continuously produce energy in the form of heat supply, steam production or power generation. In addition, after the remaining waste gas is denitrified, deacidified, dust removed and dioxin removed by the gas purification equipment, the clean flue gas can be discharged from the chimney, thereby reducing secondary pollution to the environment.

In order to achieve the foregoing and other objectives, one object of the present invention is to provide a fuel treatment method for crushed residues of waste motor vehicles, which includes the following steps: a preliminary decomposition step, which decomposes the waste vehicles into recyclable and non-recyclable products. First-level motor vehicle waste, and collect the non-recyclable first-level motor vehicle waste; a smashing step, roughly pulverize the non-recyclable first-level motor vehicle waste; a screening step, to screen the input first-level motor vehicle waste Obtain motor vehicle waste; a shredding step, shredding the motor vehicle waste to obtain a motor vehicle crushed residue raw material (ASR raw material); a screen step, separating the fine particles in the ASR raw material; a sorting step, the The magnetic substances in the ASR raw materials are separated from the non-ferrous metals; a pyrolysis gasification step, the ASR raw materials are pyrolyzed and gasified to produce flue gas, the flue gas contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and harmful substances; a secondary combustion step The carbon monoxide and the hydrogen are combusted to generate heat energy, and the harmful substances are burned to generate heat energy and decomposed; a heat energy recovery step to recover the heat energy generated by the secondary combustion step; an energy conversion step to receive the heat energy and convert it into electrical energy; A flue gas purification step is to purify the flue gas into a clean gas that can be exhausted; and an exhaust step to exhaust the clean gas.

Preferably, the separation step includes a magnetic substance separation step and a non-ferrous metal separation step, the magnetic substance separation step separates the magnetic substance in the ASR raw material, and the non-ferrous metal separation step contains the ASR raw material. Separation of non-ferrous metals.

Preferably, it further includes a deacidification step, which is set between the heat energy recovery step and the exhaust step, and a deacidification agent is used to remove acidic components in the flue gas.

Preferably, wherein the flue gas purification step includes a desulfurization step and a dust filtering step, the desulfurization step uses a desulfurizing agent to perform a desulfurization reaction on the flue gas, and the filtering dust step uses a fiber filter tube to filter the flue gas. And use a catalyst to remove dioxin in the flue gas or perform a denitration reaction.

Preferably, it further includes a homogenization step, which is set between the sorting step and the cracking gasification step to homogenize the ASR raw material.

In order to achieve the foregoing and other objectives, another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel treatment device for pulverized residues of waste motor vehicles. First, the waste vehicles are preliminarily decomposed into recyclable and non-recyclable primary motor vehicle wastes, and The non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste is processed into fuel. The non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste includes: foam, plastic, rubber, synthetic resin, fiber, metal, glass, dust, paint, and other impurities. For the recovered residue, the processing device includes: a crushing device for roughly crushing the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste; a screening device connected to the crushing module, and the screening device is used for the primary motor vehicle waste. Motor vehicle waste is screened to obtain motor vehicle waste; a shredding device connected to the screening device, and the shredding device is used to shred the motor vehicle waste to obtain motor vehicle crushed residue raw materials (ASR raw materials); a screen device , Which is connected to the shredding device, the screen device is used to separate the fine particles of the ASR raw material; a sorting device, which is connected to the screen device, the separation device is used to follow the magnetic substance in the ASR raw material Colored matter separation; a pyrolysis and gasification equipment, which is connected to the separation equipment, the ASR raw materials that have separated the fine particles, the magnetic substance and the non-ferrous metals are cracked and gasified in the pyrolysis and gasification equipment to produce smoke The flue gas contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and harmful substances; a secondary combustion device, which is connected to the cracking gasification device, the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen are burned in the secondary combustion device to generate heat energy, and the harmful substances are in the two The combustion in the secondary combustion equipment generates heat energy and decomposes; a heat energy recovery equipment connected to the secondary combustion equipment, and the heat energy recovery equipment is used to collect the heat energy generated by the combustion of the flue gas in the secondary combustion equipment; an energy conversion equipment, It is connected to the heat energy recovery device and receives the heat energy to convert it into electric energy; a flue gas purification device is connected to the energy conversion device to collect the flue gas and purify it into clean gas for exhaust; and an exhaust device, It is connected to the flue gas purification device, and the exhaust device is used to discharge the clean gas purified by the flue gas purification device.

Preferably, the separation equipment includes a magnetic material separation equipment and a non-ferrous metal separation equipment, the magnetic separation equipment is used for separating the magnetic material in the ASR raw material, and the non-ferrous metal equipment is used for the ASR raw material. Separation of non-ferrous metals.

Preferably, it further includes a deacidification device, which is arranged between the heat energy recovery device and the exhaust device and connected thereto, and the deacidification device uses a deacidification agent to remove acidic components in the flue gas.

Preferably, the flue gas purification equipment includes a desulfurization equipment and a fiber filter tube equipment, which is arranged between the deacidification equipment and the exhaust equipment and connected therewith, and the fiber filter tube equipment includes a fiber filter tube. And a catalyst, the fiber filter tube is used to filter dust in the flue gas, and the catalyst is used to remove dioxin in the flue gas or perform a denitration reaction.

Preferably, it further includes a homogenizing device, which is set between the sorting device and the cracking gasification device and connected thereto, and the homogenizing device is used to homogenize the ASR raw material.

The following is a specific embodiment to illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied by other different specific examples, and various details in the specification of the present invention can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

It should be noted that the structure, ratio, size, number of components, etc. shown in the drawings in this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification for the understanding and reading of those familiar with this technology, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The limited conditions of implementation do not have technical significance. Any structural modification, proportional relationship change, or size adjustment should fall within the present invention without affecting the effects and objectives that can be achieved by the present invention. The technical content disclosed must be within the scope of coverage.

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a flowchart of a fuel treatment method for pulverized residues of waste motor vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following steps can be performed. Firstly, in a preliminary decomposition step S01, the waste vehicles are preliminarily decomposed into recyclable and non-recyclable preliminary motor vehicle wastes, and the non-recyclable preliminary motor vehicle wastes are collected; then, in a crushing step S02, the unrecyclable The recovered primary motor vehicle waste is roughly crushed; then, a screening step S03, the input primary motor vehicle waste is screened to obtain motor vehicle waste. In this embodiment, the screening step S03 selects larger ones that are not recyclable. The first-level motor vehicle waste will return to the crushing step S02 to perform the crushing action again; then, a shredding step S04, shredding the motor vehicle waste to obtain the motor vehicle crushing residue raw material (ASR raw material); then, a The screen step S05 separates the fine particles in the ASR raw material. In this embodiment, the larger ASR raw material screened out in the screen step S05 will return to the shredding step S04 to perform the shredding action again ; Next, a sorting step S06, the magnetic material in the ASR raw material is separated from non-ferrous metals, in this embodiment, the sorting step S06 includes a magnetic material separation step S061 and a non-ferrous metal separation step S062, the magnetic Substance separation step S061, which separates the magnetic substances in the ASR raw material, and the non-ferrous metal separation step S062, which separates the non-ferrous metals in the ASR raw material; at this time, further includes a homogenization step S07 to homogenize the ASR raw material A pyrolysis gasification step S08, the ASR raw material is cracked and gasified to produce flue gas, the flue gas contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and harmful substances; a secondary combustion step S09, the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen are combusted to generate heat , And the harmful substances are burned to generate heat energy and decomposed; a heat energy recovery step S10, the heat energy generated by the secondary combustion step S09 will be recovered; at this time, it further includes a deacidification step S12, using a deacidification agent to remove the smoke The acidic components in the gas; an energy conversion step S11, receiving the heat energy and converting it into electrical energy; a flue gas purification step S13, purifying the flue gas into clean gas for emission. In this embodiment, the flue gas is purified Step S13 includes a desulfurization step S131 and a dust filtering step S132. The desulfurization step S131 uses a desulfurizing agent to desulfurize the flue gas. The dust filtering step S132 uses a fiber filter tube to filter the dust in the flue gas. In addition, a catalyst is used to remove dioxin in the flue gas or perform a denitration reaction; and in the final exhaust step S14, the clean gas is exhausted.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a fuel treatment device for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to the fuel treatment device 10 for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention, the waste vehicles 11 are first decomposed into recyclable 112 and non-recyclable primary motor vehicle 111 waste materials, and the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste materials are first decomposed. First-level motor vehicle 111 waste is processed into fuel. The non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste 111 includes: foam, plastic, rubber, synthetic resin, fiber, metal, glass, dust, paint and other impurities and other non-recyclable residues The processing device 10 includes: a crushing device 12, a screening device 13, a shredding device 14, a screen device 16, a sorting device 18, a homogenizing device 19, a cracking and gasification device 20, a two Secondary combustion equipment 21, a heat recovery equipment 22, a deacidification equipment 24, an energy conversion equipment 23, a flue gas purification equipment 25 and an exhaust equipment 26, the following will be directed to the gasification treatment device 10 of the present invention Detailed description of each equipment.

＜Crushing equipment, screening equipment＞

The crushing device 12 is used to crush the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste, and then the screening device 13 screens the primary motor vehicle waste to obtain motor vehicle waste.

＜Conveying equipment, screen equipment and shredding equipment＞

The motor vehicle waste is shredded in the shredding device 14 to obtain a motor vehicle crushed residue raw material (hereinafter referred to as ASR raw material) 17.

The ASR raw material 17 is sent to a screen device 16 (eg, a dust-proof drum screen) through a conveying device 15 (for example, a dispersing conveyor belt), and fine particles such as sand and soil in the ASR raw material 17 are sieved and separated. In this embodiment, when the ASR raw material 17 contains large bulky waste, after the fine particles in the ASR raw material 17 are sieved and removed by the screen device 16, the ASR raw material 17 will be separated. Large bulky waste in the ASR raw material 17. At this time, the separated lump waste can be sent to the shredding equipment again to break it into small pieces of the ASR raw material 17, and then the small pieces of the ASR raw material 17 can be sent into the shredding device 15 again. Screening is carried out in the screen device 16.

＜Sorting equipment＞

The separation equipment 18 includes a magnetic material separation equipment 181 and a non-ferrous metal separation equipment 182. After the ASR raw material 17 is sieved by the screen equipment 16, the ASR raw material 17 contains magnetic substances (for example: iron). , Cobalt, nickel, etc.), the ASR raw material 17 can be further sent to the magnetic substance separation equipment 181 (for example: magnetic separator) to separate the magnetic substance doped in the ASR raw material 17 (for example: iron metal ), and recycle the magnetic materials.

In addition, in the case where the ASR raw material 17 contains non-ferrous metals, the ASR raw material 17 can be further sent to the non-ferrous metal separation equipment 182 (for example: eddy current separator) to separate the doped ASR raw material 17 Non-ferrous metals, and non-ferrous metals are recycled and reused.

As mentioned above, through the screen device 16, the magnetic substance separation device 181, and the non-ferrous metal separation device 182, the ASR raw material 17 can be effectively removed by filtration, magnetic separation or eddy current separation. Inorganic substances, such as sand, magnetic substances or non-ferrous metals, etc., to enhance the subsequent gasification effect.

＜Homogeneous equipment＞

After the sand, magnetic substance, or non-ferrous metals in the ASR raw material 17 are removed, the ASR raw material 17 can be further sent to the homogenizing device 19. Specifically, the homogenizing device 19 can be a closed pulverizer. The ASR raw material 17 is further homogenized.

＜Pyrolysis gasification equipment＞

The ASR raw material 17 is fed into the cracking and gasification equipment 20 through a feeder (not shown) for cracking and gasification reaction. Specifically, the cracking and gasification equipment 20 has a horizontal rotating furnace body (a co-current rotating furnace). Furnace) cracking gasifier. In the case where the pyrolysis and gasification equipment 20 is a pyrolysis and gasification furnace with a horizontal rotary furnace body, the ASR raw material 17 enters the pyrolysis and gasification equipment 20 from the cylinder head 201 of the pyrolysis and gasification equipment 20, and As the cylinder rotates, it slowly moves to the cylinder tail 202 of the pyrolysis gasification equipment 20.

In an embodiment of the present invention, after batching adjustment, the low calorific value of the ASR raw material 17 is between 3,500 and 3,800 kcal/kg.

，並且在0.1~1.2rpm的轉速下轉動；並且，該ASR原料17在該裂解氣化設備20內停留60~90分鐘的時間，同時，透過風機(圖未示)使該裂解氣化設備的筒體前段的為負壓狀態，以控制爐內風量及含氧量，將該裂解氣化設備20控制在1~2%的低含氧量，以使該ASR原料17在缺氧的環境下反應生成一氧化碳與氫氣，並抑制戴奧辛的生成。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder of the cracking gasification equipment 20 is set at an elevation angle of 1.2 to 3 degrees.

, And rotate at a speed of 0.1 to 1.2 rpm; and the ASR raw material 17 stays in the cracking and gasification equipment 20 for 60 to 90 minutes, and at the same time, the cracking and gasification equipment is driven by a fan (not shown) The front part of the cylinder is in a negative pressure state to control the air volume and oxygen content in the furnace. The cracking gasification equipment 20 is controlled at a low oxygen content of 1 to 2%, so that the ASR raw material 17 is in an oxygen-deficient environment The reaction produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and inhibits the formation of dioxin.

Sprinkle water at the feed of the cracked gasification equipment 20 (ie, the barrel head 201). Since the ASR raw material 17 is a carbon-containing waste material, in the cracked gasification equipment 20, the ASR raw material 17 is The contained carbon reacts with the sprayed water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen (ie synthesis gas). At the same time, since the temperature in the cracking gasification equipment 20 is controlled at 800~1000°C, the ASR raw material 17 is also cracked at this temperature as the reaction temperature Gasification reaction to produce synthesis gas; after cracking the ASR raw material 17 reacts with water and the ASR raw material 17 itself undergoes cracking and gasification reaction, the solid (ie slag) left after the reaction is completed falls to the slag discharge machine by gravity, The slag conveyor is transported to the outside of the cracking gasification equipment 20.

Wherein, the front end plate of the pyrolysis gasification equipment 20 may be provided with a push rod feeder and an instrument interface. Moreover, since a small amount of the ASR raw material 17 may leak out during the rotation and fall on the bottom of the front end plate of the cracking and gasification equipment 20, a collector can be set at the lower part of the cracking and gasification equipment 20 to collect the leaking The ASR raw material 17 is used to periodically clean the leaked ASR raw material 17 and return it to the cracking gasification equipment 20 to continue the reaction.

Wherein, the back end plate of the cracking and gasification equipment 20 can be used to block the slag-out end of the tail of the cracking and gasification equipment 20, and direct the flue gas generated by the cracking of the ASR raw material 17 to the later secondary combustion equipment 21 (for example, a second combustion chamber), a water seal 211 is provided under the secondary combustion device 21 to maintain the air tightness of the secondary combustion device.

Wherein, an air-cooled jacket sealing structure is provided at the connection between the cylinder body of the cracking gasification equipment 20 and the rear end plate, and in order to ensure the cooling effect after gasification, a fan (not shown) is separately provided.

<Secondary combustion equipment, heat recovery equipment, energy conversion equipment>

The flue gas (flue gas containing fuel gas) from the pyrolysis gasification equipment 20 enters the secondary combustion equipment 21 from the lower part of the secondary combustion equipment 21, and an auxiliary burner is installed at the lower part of the secondary combustion equipment 21 212, so that the fuel gas in the flue gas (ie syngas) is fully mixed with other substances (especially toxic or harmful substances). The flue gas from the pyrolysis gasification equipment 20 is burned at a high temperature of 1000 to 1050°C to decompose the toxic or harmful substances in the flue gas and generate heat at the same time. Furthermore, the heat energy generated by the combustion is supplied to the energy conversion device 23 by the heat energy recovery device 22 (for example, a waste heat boiler). Specifically, the energy conversion device 23 may be a turbo generator, which can be located at the rear end of the turbo generator. Energy is produced in the form of steam production or power generation.

After combustion, the high temperature flue gas is sent to the heat energy recovery device 22 through the outlet of the secondary combustion device 21, and steam is generated while the flue gas is cooled down. Specifically, the heat energy recovery device 22 may be a membrane water wall Steam boiler; Next, the generated steam is discharged from the steam drum of the heat energy recovery device 22, and then enters the sub-cylinder for steam distribution; and, the flue gas cooled by the heat energy recovery device 22 enters the subsequent equipment for subsequent Flue gas purification treatment.

＜Fume purification equipment＞

In the embodiment of the present invention, after the thermal energy recovery device 21, the flue gas purification device 25 such as a desulfurization device 251 and a fiber filter tube device 252 are arranged in sequence.

Flue gas purification refers to reactions such as denitrification, desulfurization, deacidification, ash removal and removal of dioxin.

＜Denitration equipment＞

In an embodiment of the present invention, a denitration device is provided in the first return furnace 221 of the heat energy recovery device 22. Among them, the denitration equipment uses Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) to denitrate the flue gas to control the nitrogen oxide (NOx) content. SNCR denitration equipment is mainly composed of ammonia dilution preparation tank, ammonia storage tank, delivery pump and spray gun. Specifically, the ammonia water is lifted by an atomizing pump and sent into the nozzle. The nozzle atomizes the ammonia water by pressure and sprays it into the first return furnace 221 of the heat energy recovery device 22. The flue gas and the sprayed atomized ammonia water Fully mixing, when the heat recovery device 22 contains sufficient O2, the NOx component in the flue gas and the ammonia water undergo a denitration reduction reaction, and the denitration reduction reaction equation is shown in chemical formula 1. [Chemical formula 1] 　4NO ＋ 4NH3 ＋ O2 → 4N2 ＋ 6H2O

Since the fiber filter tube device 252 of the present invention uses a catalyst ceramic fiber filter tube as the core filter device, the fiber filter tube device 252 with a catalyst can further perform catalytic denitrification of the flue gas as an auxiliary denitration reaction. The nitrate reduction reaction is used to assist the SNCR denitration reaction as the basic denitration reaction carried out in the heat energy recovery equipment. Through the combined use of the SNCR method denitration reaction and the catalytic denitration reduction reaction, the denitration degree of the fuel treatment device 10 of the present invention can be improved on the basis of the existing denitration function (SNCR method).

＜Deacidification equipment＞

The fuel treatment device 10 of the present invention is provided with an alkali agent silo equipped with a level control device, an alarm device, and a feeding device, wherein the feeding device is based on the line of the exhaust device 26 (exhaust port) The monitor detects the acid gas emission concentration of SO2, HCl, etc., and adjusts the dosage of the agent through the Distributed Control System (DCS) to achieve the purpose of controlling the acid gas emission concentration in the flue gas.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the deacidification equipment 24 (for example: semi-dry deacidification equipment) consists of a deacidification reactor 241, a cyclone dust collector 242, a desulfurizing agent circulating tank (not shown) and lime slurry. Preparation equipment (not shown) and other components.

Wherein, the deacidification reactor 241 includes an inlet elbow, a venturi tube, and a riser. The flue gas is guided through the venturi tube by the inlet elbow and then enters the deacidification reactor 241. In the reactor 241, the flue gas chemically reacts with the injected deacidification agent (for example: lime slurry (Ca(OH)2 plus water)), so that the acidic components in the flue gas (for example: HCl, HF, SO2) Etc.) can be removed. Among them, the function of the intake elbow is to ensure that the flue gas is reasonably distributed in the venturi, and because the internal diameter cross-sectional area of the venturi gradually decreases, the flow velocity of the flue gas is increased, thereby ensuring The flue gas can drive the solid dust particles therein to flow and form a fluidized bed in the ascending section of the deacidification reactor 241.

Wherein, a set of two-phase fluid nozzles are installed in the venturi of the deacidification reactor 241, and fresh lime slurry and water are sprayed into the riser of the deacidification reactor 241 through the nozzles. In the process, the lime slurry droplets are in close contact with the acidic components in the flue gas to produce a chemical reaction, which can capture and neutralize the acidic substances, thereby completing the flue gas deacidification operation.

Due to the extremely high concentration of dust particles in the fluidized bed in the deacidification reactor 241, a very large chemical reaction surface area is formed, so that the acidic components in the flue gas are in contact with lime (Ca(OH)2) It is very sufficient and effective, so the degree of removal of acidic components is correspondingly high; the chemical reaction formulas for removing acidic components in the deacidification reactor 241 are summarized as shown in chemical formulas 2 to 5. [Chemical formula 2] 　2HCl ＋ Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 ＋ 2H2O [Chemical formula 3] 　2HF ＋ Ca(OH)2 → CaF2 ＋ 2H2O [Chemical formula 4] 　SO2 ＋ Ca(OH)2 → CaSO3 ＋ H2O [Chemical formula 5] 　CaSO3 ＋1/2 O2 → CaSO4

Among them, in order to cool the flue gas, a certain amount of water is sprayed into the rising pipe of the deacidification reactor 241 through a nozzle, so that the sprayed water enters the desulfurization agent to circulate, and after multiple cycles, the water is evaporated Thereby reducing the temperature of the flue gas.

In addition, the amount of water injected can be adjusted to keep the flue gas being purified at a reasonable and optimal desulfurization reaction temperature.

In the riser of the deacidification reactor 241, the flow rate of the flue gas is relatively high, so that the flue gas can drive the dust particles therein to enter the top of the riser of the deacidification reactor 241, thereby entering the cyclone for dust removal器242 Within. Most of the coarse dust particles in the flue gas are separated in the cyclone dust collector 242, and a small amount of fine dust particles are carried by the flue gas into the subsequent equipment.

The particles collected by the cyclone dust collector 242 are returned to the deacidification reactor 241 through the desulfurizing agent circulating tank. The lime (desulfurizing agent) circulates repeatedly in the equipment, so the utilization rate is high, and the lime consumption is relatively low. less. The purpose of setting up the desulfurizing agent circulation tank is to provide a buffer space for the products of the desulfurization reaction; in addition, it is also to maintain a sufficient amount of desulfurizing agent to ensure a strong adsorption capacity.

The desulfurizing agent circulating material box can be a metal box. The bottom of the box is equipped with two screw conveyors to return the solid materials to the deacidification reactor 241. The top of the box is equipped with a screw conveyor. The machine is used to discharge the products of the desulfurization reaction and a small amount of fly ash.

The lime slurry preparation equipment can be composed of a storage bin, a dust collector on the top of the silo, a metering feeder, a slurry tank, a slurry supply tank, a slurry pump, etc., and it is mainly used for such as calcium oxide (CaO) and lime slurry (Ca( OH) 2) The storage, preparation and transportation functions of the alkali agent required for deacidification.

＜Desulfurization equipment＞

The desulfurization equipment 251 is provided after the deacidification equipment 24 to perform dry spray desulfurization on the flue gas.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a double-spray desulfurization device is used for dry-spray desulfurization. Specifically, special high-efficiency desulfurizers are used in the desulfurization equipment of the double-jet desulfurization equipment, such as calcium-based desulfurization agents (for example: Ca(OH)2), due to its fine particles (the particle size is only 18 microns), And it has the characteristics of porous adsorption and large specific surface area. Therefore, the desulfurization reaction effect and desulfurization efficiency of calcium-based desulfurization agents are higher than traditional alkaline desulfurization agents (such as baking soda), and the price is cheaper , Better cost performance. In addition, the by-products produced after desulfurization using calcium-based agents (for example: CaSO4, which is not in water and can be easily separated by filtration) are higher than the by-products produced after desulfurization using sodium-based agents (ie, the above-mentioned traditional alkaline desulfurization agents). The product (for example: Na2SO4, soluble in water) is better processed and the processing cost is lower, therefore, a higher pollution prevention effect can be achieved in a more economical way.

＜Fiber filter tube equipment＞

Then, the flue gas is sent to the fiber filter tube device 252, specifically, the fiber filter tube device 252 can be a ceramic fiber filter tube dust collector, and the smoke can be removed at the same time in the ceramic fiber filter tube dust collector. Particulate matter in the gas, crystalline salt produced by the deacidification reaction, and pollutants such as dioxin.

Wherein, the fiber filter tube equipment 252 can be composed of a ceramic fiber filter tube (not shown in the figure), a chamber 2521, an ash hopper 2522, a steel structure support (not shown in the figure), and the like. Because the ceramic fiber filter material has a high porosity and low density structure, it can stably and efficiently remove particulate matter in the flue gas. The removal method can use compressed air to automatically spray the filter tube at a fixed time or at a constant pressure, and use separate chambers and offline back-blowing to remove dust. The ash is cleaned with compressed air pulse to make the smoke fall off, and the lower ash hopper is equipped with electric heating equipment to prevent condensation on the filter tube.

The ceramic fiber filter tube is a filter material that can withstand high temperatures of 350°C. Between the pores of the ceramic fiber with a diameter of 2 to 3 microns, the particles are filtered through the surface to form a dust cake on the surface of the ceramic fiber filter tube. When the reverse pulse cleaning is performed , The dust cake attached to the surface will peel off, but the dust that has penetrated into the ceramic fiber filter tube to a depth of one millimeter will not be removed. This configuration can prevent the dust from further penetrating into the ceramic fiber filter tube. Improve the efficiency of filtration.

The basic principle of dioxin removal is based on the mixing technology of two effective materials: ceramic fiber filter tube and vanadium-based titanium catalyst (catalyst). Dioxin is decomposed and removed through the action of the catalyst, and the catalyst is evenly distributed in the ceramic fiber filter. In the internal porous structure of the tube, the contact area between dioxin and the catalyst is larger, and the residence time of dioxin in the ceramic fiber filter tube is increased, thereby maximizing the removal efficiency of dioxin. The main reaction equation for dioxin removal is as shown in chemical formula 6. Show. [Chemical formula 6] 　C12HnCl8-nO2 ＋ (9+0.5n) O2 → (n-4) H2O ＋ 12CO2 ＋ (8-n) HCl

As mentioned above, referring to Figures 1 and 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the waste vehicle is initially decomposed into recyclable and non-recyclable, and then the crushing device 12, the screening device 13 and the shredding device 14 generate the ASR raw material 17, the ASR raw material 17 passes through the screen device 16, the magnetic substance separation device 181, and the non-ferrous metal separation device 182 to remove inorganic substances such as sand, magnetic substances, and non-ferrous metals, and then passes through the homogenization device 219 The ASR raw material 17 is sent to the pyrolysis and gasification equipment 20 in an oxygen-deficient environment for pyrolysis and gasification to produce synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) that can be used as fuel and for power generation.

The products produced after the cracking and gasification treatment of the cracking and gasification equipment 20 include slag (solids) and flue gas (gases and suspended solids). Among them, the slag is transported to the 20 cracking and gasification equipment via a slag machine and a slag conveyor installed in the cracking and gasification equipment 20 to centrally treat pollutants (slag).

And wherein, the flue gas as another product (including synthesis gas as fuel gas) is sent to the secondary combustion device 21, burned in an oxygen-sufficient environment to remove harmful substances therein, and combusts fuel gas to produce Thermal energy, then the burned gas is sent to the thermal energy recovery device 22 to collect the thermal energy generated by the combustion, and the collected thermal energy is supplied to the energy conversion device to generate usable energy.

After recovering the available energy, the remaining flue gas is subjected to flue gas purification treatments such as denitrification, deacidification, dust removal, and dioxin removal, and is tested to meet emission regulations and standards, and then can be discharged from the exhaust equipment 26 (such as a chimney).

As described above, the fuel treatment device 10 of the present invention has the advantages of low pollution, high economic efficiency, and high development potential. By converting the parts of motor vehicle waste that were originally deemed to have no reuse value into energy use, it creates Its use value, and reduce the burden on the environment.

Since the ASR raw material 17 is cracked in an oxygen-deficient environment, the generation rate of dioxin is greatly reduced; and through slag recovery and flue gas purification and monitoring, the cracked product can effectively avoid the secondary pollution of the environment.

In addition, due to the large amount of waste heat generated in the energy conversion process (cracking, combustion), it can be converted into steam and sold again, or the waste heat can be used to generate green electricity that complies with government regulations and environmental protection trends and has a high unit price.

Moreover, the technology of the present invention can also be applied to convert industrial and other solid wastes into synthetic gas or other products suitable for electric power production to drive energy efficiency and create clean energy.

The fuel treatment device 10 for pulverizing residues of waste motor vehicles of the present invention is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology for harmless treatment, which is consistent with the current government's economic, industrial, energy-saving, and environmental protection policies and the world's green new energy development trend.

The above descriptions are only used to explain the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to restrict the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modification or change related to the present invention is made under the same spirit of the invention. , Should still be included in the scope of the present invention's intention to protect.

S01: Preliminary decomposition steps S02: crushing step S03: Screening steps S04: shredding step S05: Screening step S06: Sorting steps S061: Magnetic substance separation step S062: Non-ferrous metal separation step S07: Homogenization step S08: Pyrolysis gasification step S09: Secondary combustion step S10: Heat recovery step S11: Energy conversion step S12: Deacidification step S13: Flue gas purification steps S131: Desulfurization step S132: Filter dust step S14: Exhaust step 10: Fuel treatment device for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles 11: Abandoned vehicles 12: Crushing equipment 13: Screening equipment 14: Shredding equipment 15: Conveying equipment 16: Screen equipment 17: ASR raw materials 18: Sorting equipment 181: Magnetic material separation equipment 182: Non-ferrous metal separation equipment 19: Homogenizing equipment 20: Pyrolysis and gasification equipment 201: cylinder head 202: the tail of the barrel 21: Secondary combustion equipment 211: Water Seal 212: auxiliary burner 22: Heat recovery equipment 221: Return Hearth 23: Energy conversion equipment 24: Deacidification equipment 241: Deacidification reactor 242: Cyclone Dust Collector 25: Flue gas purification equipment 251: Desulfurization equipment 252: Fiber filter tube equipment 2521: Chamber 2522: Ash Bucket 26: Exhaust equipment

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a fuel treatment method for pulverized residue of a waste motor vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel treatment device for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

S01: Preliminary decomposition steps

S02: crushing step

S03: Screening steps

S04: shredding step

S05: Screening step

S06: Sorting steps

S061: Magnetic substance separation step

S062: Non-ferrous metal separation step

S07: Homogenization step

S08: Pyrolysis gasification step

S09: Secondary combustion step

S10: Heat recovery step

S11: Energy conversion step

S12: Deacidification step

S13: Flue gas purification steps

S131: Desulfurization step

S132: Filter dust step

S14: Exhaust step

Claims (10)

A fuel treatment method for pulverized residues of waste motor vehicles includes the following steps: A preliminary decomposition step, which initially decomposes waste vehicles into recyclable and non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste, and collects the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste; A crushing step, roughly crushing the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste; A screening step, screening the inputted primary motor vehicle waste to obtain motor vehicle waste; A shredding step, shredding the motor vehicle waste to obtain the motor vehicle crushed residue raw material (ASR raw material); A screen step to separate the fine particles in the ASR raw material; A separation step to separate the magnetic substances in the ASR raw materials from non-ferrous metals; A cracking and gasification step, in which the ASR raw material is cracked and gasified to generate flue gas, the flue gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and harmful substances; The primary and secondary combustion step is to burn the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen to generate heat energy, and burn the harmful substances to generate heat energy and decompose; A heat energy recovery step, which will recover the heat energy generated by the secondary combustion step; An energy conversion step, receiving the thermal energy and converting it into electrical energy; A flue gas purification step to purify the flue gas into clean gas for emission; and In an exhaust step, the clean gas is exhausted. As described in the first item of the scope of patent application, the method for fueling the pulverized residue of waste motor vehicles, wherein the separation step includes a magnetic substance separation step and a non-ferrous metal separation step. The magnetic substance separation step causes the ASR to be separated. The magnetic material in the raw material is separated, and the non-ferrous metal separation step separates the non-ferrous metal in the ASR raw material. As described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment method of crushed residues of waste motor vehicles further includes a deacidification step, which is set between the heat energy recovery step and the exhaust step, using a deacidification and alkalization agent Remove the acidic components in the flue gas. As described in the first item of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment method of pulverized residue of waste motor vehicles, wherein the flue gas purification step includes a desulfurization step and a dust filtering step, and the desulfurization step uses a desulfurizing agent to The flue gas undergoes a desulfurization reaction. In the dust filtering step, a fiber filter tube is used to filter the dust in the flue gas, and a catalyst is used to remove dioxin in the flue gas or perform a denitration reaction. As described in the first item of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment method of crushed residues of waste motor vehicles further includes a homogenization step, which is set between the sorting step and the cracking and gasification step, and the ASR raw material Homogenize. A fuel treatment device for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles. Firstly, the waste vehicles are preliminarily decomposed to form recyclable and non-recyclable primary motor vehicle wastes, and the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle wastes are subjected to fuel treatment, which is not recyclable The primary motor vehicle waste includes non-recyclable residues such as foam, plastic, rubber, synthetic resin, fiber, metal, glass, dust, paint and other impurities. The processing device includes: A pulverizing equipment for roughly pulverizing the non-recyclable primary motor vehicle waste; A screening device connected to the crushing module, and the screening device is used to screen the primary motor vehicle waste to obtain motor vehicle waste; A shredding equipment connected to the screening equipment, and the shredding equipment is used to shred the motor vehicle waste to obtain the motor vehicle shredded residue material (ASR material); A screen device connected to the shredding device, and the screen device is used to separate the fine particles of the ASR raw material; A sorting device, which is connected to the screen device, and the sorting device is used to separate the magnetic substance from the colored substance in the ASR raw material; A pyrolysis gasification equipment, which is connected to the separation equipment, and the ASR raw materials that have separated the fine particles, the magnetic substance and the non-ferrous metals undergo a pyrolysis and gasification reaction in the pyrolysis and gasification equipment to produce flue gas. Gas contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and harmful substances; A secondary combustion device, which is connected to the cracking and gasification device, the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen are burned in the secondary combustion device to generate heat energy, and the harmful substances are burned in the secondary combustion device to generate heat energy and decompose; A heat energy recovery equipment connected to the secondary combustion equipment, and the heat energy recovery equipment is used to collect the heat energy generated by the combustion of the flue gas in the secondary combustion equipment; An energy conversion device, which is connected to the heat energy recovery device and receives the heat energy and converts it into electrical energy; A flue gas purification device connected to the energy conversion device to collect the flue gas and purify it into clean gas for emission; and An exhaust device connected to the flue gas purification device, and the exhaust device is used to discharge the clean gas purified by the flue gas purification device. As described in item 6 of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment device for crushing residues of waste motor vehicles, wherein the separation equipment includes a magnetic substance separation equipment and a non-ferrous metal separation equipment, and the magnetic separation equipment is used for the ASR The magnetic material in the raw material is separated, and the non-ferrous metal equipment is used to separate the non-ferrous metal in the ASR raw material. As described in item 6 of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment device for pulverized residues of waste motor vehicles further includes a deacidification device, which is arranged between the heat recovery device and the exhaust device and is connected to the deacidification device. The acid equipment uses deacidification and alkalization agents to remove acidic components in the flue gas. As described in item 6 of the scope of patent application, the waste motor vehicle pulverized residue fuel treatment device, wherein the flue gas purification equipment includes a desulfurization equipment and a fiber filter tube equipment, which are arranged in the deacidification equipment and the The fiber filter tube includes a fiber filter tube and a catalyst. The fiber filter tube is used to filter the dust in the flue gas. The catalyst is used to remove dioxin in the flue gas or perform degassing. Nitrate reaction. As described in item 6 of the scope of patent application, the fuel treatment device for pulverized residues of waste motor vehicles further includes a homogenizing device, which is set between the sorting device and the cracking gasification device and connected thereto, the The homogenization equipment is used to homogenize the ASR raw material.

Images