TW201919688A - 用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之醫藥組合物 - Google Patents
用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之醫藥組合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係有關用於預防及治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)之醫藥組合物,其包含經由共價連接促胰島素胜肽、非肽基聚合物與免疫球蛋白Fc區而製備之共軛物。本發明之組合物可維持該胜肽相當高量之體內活性,及顯著地增加血液半衰期,從而預防其為非酒精性脂肪肝疾病典型特徵之三酸甘油酯蓄積;最後,該組合物可令人滿意地用於非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之預防及治療。
Description
本發明係有關包含長效型促胰島素胜肽共軛物之醫藥組合物,其可用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。詳言之,本發明係有關促胰島素胜肽共軛物(其中促胰島素胜肽、非肽基聚合物、與免疫球蛋白Fc區相互共價連接,從而顯著增加血液半衰期、有效預防三酸甘油酯蓄積)及其預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之用途。
非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係指從單純脂肪變性(其為於未過量攝入酒精病患中之未伴隨炎性反應)至肝纖維化與肝硬化(其等係由單純脂肪變性及顯現肝細胞發炎進展所導致)之廣譜疾病。
非酒精性脂肪肝疾病視病理原因可分為原發性及繼發性非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。原發性係由代謝症候群特徵之高脂血症、糖尿病、肥胖症等所引起;繼發性為營養原因(突然體重下降、飢餓、腸繞道手術)、各種藥物、毒性物質(有毒蘑菇、細菌毒素)、新陳代謝原因及其他因 素之結果。
一般已知,以代謝症候群重要特徵之糖尿病與肥胖症為主要因素之原發性非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之發生率,於糖尿病病患為約50%,肥胖症病患為約76%,及大部分之肥胖糖尿病病患(Gupte P et al.,2004)。再者,針對丙胺酸轉胺酶(ALT)含量增加之糖尿病與肥胖症病患進行肝臟切片檢查時,脂肪性肝炎之發生率在18至36%之範圍內(Braillon A et al.,1985)。
目前,尚無確定非酒精性脂肪肝疾病原因之制定方法;此乃因非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之發生與例如糖尿病、肥胖症、冠狀動脈疾病、及生活習慣種種因素相關。關於抗糖尿病或肥胖症藥物對脂肪肝疾病之影響存在若干報導:作為口服抗肥胖症藥物用之奧利斯特(Orlistat),於脂肪性肝炎病患中,展現對肝臟之組織學改善(Hussein et al.,2007);每福敏(metformin)於未具糖尿病之非酒精性脂肪肝疾病病患中,展現肝臟酵素於血液中之含量及肝臟壞死性發炎與纖維化之減少(Bugianesi et al.,2005);再者,為PPAR(過氧化體增生劑活化受體)促效劑之噻唑烷二酮(TZD)類藥物,抑制脂肪於肝臟與肌肉中之蓄積,及於非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之動物模式中,對肝臟展現直接抗纖維化作用(Galli A et al.,2002)。
同時,類升糖素胜肽-1(GLP-1)為存在體內之內源胜肽,乃反應腸內由於營養素或血糖量之刺激,從腸道L細胞分泌之激素。GLP-1具有多種生理活性,包括 經由刺激胰島素分泌、胰臟β細胞增殖、抑制上胃腸道蠕動、及抑制食慾之血糖量調控。最近,於肝細胞發現GLP-1受體表現,及GLP-1由於活化磷酸肌醇依賴性激酶-1(PDK-1)與蛋白激酶C-(PKC-)(其等為經由肝細胞GLP-1受體之胰島素訊息路徑中之主要蛋白質)而顯示對治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之良好效果(Gupta NA et al.,2010)。GLP-1亦具有降低脂肪酸蓄積或防止經由活化伴隨蛋白(chaperone)媒介之自體吞噬(CMA)與巨自體吞噬之由內質網應激引起之肝細胞死亡之功能(Sharma S et al.,2011)。最近研究報導,GLP-1促進肝臟之脂質氧化以預防肝臟脂肪之蓄積並促進胰島素作用(Svegliati-Baroni G et al.,2011)。許多報導表示,GLP-1衍生物為用於開發非酒精性脂肪肝疾病預防及醫療劑之重要候選物。
然而,使用GLP-1作為非酒精性脂肪肝醫療製劑之主要障礙為其血液半衰期短(最大半衰期:2分鐘);此乃歸因於第8胺基酸(Ala)與第9胺基酸(Asp)間被體內二肽基肽酶IV(DPP IV)裂解,導致GLP-1效價喪失所致。因此針對對DPP IV具抗性之GLP-1類似物已進行各種研究,並進行以Gly(Deacon et al.,1998;Burcelin et al.,1999)或以Leu或D-Ala(Xiao et al.,2001)取代Ala8之試驗,從而於維持活性之同時,增加對DPP IV之抗性。GLP-1之N端胺基酸His7為GLP-1活性之關鍵,可作為DPP IV之標靶。因此,美國專利案第5,545,618號敘述以烷基或醯基修飾N端,Gallwitz等敘述使第7His進行N-甲基化、 或α-甲基化、或以咪唑取代整個His,以增加對DPP IV之抗性並維持生理活性。
除了該等修飾之外,促胰島素分泌素-4,其為純化自吉拉毒蜥(gila monster)唾液腺之GLP-1類似物(美國專利案第5,424,686號),具有對DPP IV之抗性,及比GLP-1高之生理活性;結果,具有2至4小時之體內半衰期,較GLP-1之半衰期長。然而,只使用增加對DPP IV抗性之方法,不能充分維持生理活性,舉例而言,於市售可得之促胰島素分泌素-4[艾塞那肽(exenatide)]之情形下,病患需一天注射兩次;此頻率對病患仍有困難。製備以改善該問題之胜肽為對DPP IV具抗性且具有2至4小時血液半衰期之促胰島素分泌素-4;其血液半衰期雖比GLP-1長,亦需要每天注射。
因此,本發明人等使用經由共價鍵位點專一性連接免疫球蛋白Fc區、非肽基聚合物、與促胰島素胜肽之方法,從而最大化增加促胰島素胜肽血液半衰期及維持體內活性之效果。結果,本發明人等發現該方法顯著增加胜肽共軛物之血液半衰期,並提供比已知框架內融合方法更長之血液半衰期。本發明人等亦發現,利用位點專一性連接免疫球蛋白Fc至存在於促胰島素胜肽N端以外之胺基酸殘基上之胺基或硫醇基而製備之共軛物,比利用於 促胰島素胜肽N端連接而製備之共軛物維持更高之效價。結果證實即使投藥頻率比已知促胰島素分泌素-4之調配物低,該共軛物仍對非酒精性脂肪肝疾病顯現優異之治療效果,從而完成本發明。
本發明之目的在於提供長效型促胰島素胜肽共軛物,其維持長時間之體內半衰期及有效地防止三酸甘油酯蓄積,因此可用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。
根據本發明之促胰島素胜肽共軛物維持該胜肽於相當高量之體內活性,具有顯著增加之血液半衰期,且有效地活化參與脂質分解之主要蛋白質以防止三酸甘油酯蓄積,從而可用於預防及治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。
第1圖顯示投予根據本發明之一具體實例之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4共軛物之ob/ob小鼠肝臟組織圖像(蘇木精&伊紅染色,H&E染色,染為紫色區域:正常肝臟組織;染為白色區域:脂質小滴);及第2圖顯示投予根據本發明之一具體實例之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4共軛物之高脂誘發之肥胖小鼠肝內三酸甘油酯蓄積圖形[#:於99%信賴度下,相較於正常飲食組為顯著增加(p<0.01);*:於99%信賴度下,相較於高脂飲食 組為顯著減少(p<0.01)]。
於一態樣中,欲達到上述目的,一具體實例係有關用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之醫藥組合物,其包含利用經由非肽基聚合物共價連接促胰島素胜肽與免疫球蛋白Fc區而製備之促胰島素胜肽藥物共軛物作為活性成分。
於本發明之醫藥組合物中,該促胰島素胜肽係選自由促胰島素分泌素-4、經由刪除促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、經由以羥基取代促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、經由以二甲基修飾促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、與經由刪除促胰島素分泌素-4N端組胺酸殘基之α碳及連接於該α碳之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物所組成之組群。
該非肽基聚合物係選自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇之共聚物、聚乙氧基化多元醇(polyoxyethylated polyols)、聚乙烯醇、多醣、聚葡萄糖、聚乙烯基乙基醚(polyvinyl ethyl ether)、生物可降解之聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸、與其組合所組成之組群。
本發明之促胰島素胜肽係擁有於胰臟β細胞中促進胰島素合成及表現之促胰島素功能之胜肽。此等 胜肽包括前驅物、衍生物、片段、變異體等,較佳為GLP(類升糖素胜肽)-1、促胰島素分泌素-3、促胰島素分泌素-4等。
GLP-1係由小腸分泌之激素;其通常促進胰島素之生合成與分泌、抑制升糖素之分泌、及促進細胞中之葡萄糖吸收。於小腸中,升糖素前驅物被分解成三個胜肽,亦即升糖素、GLP-1、與GLP-2。於此,GLP-1意指GLP-1(1-37),起初係呈不具促胰島素功能之形式;惟接著經處理而轉化為活化之GLP-1(7-37)形式。GLP-1(7-37)之胺基酸序列如下:GLP-1(7-37)(SEQ ID NO:1)
HAEGT FTSDV SSYLE GQAAK EPIAW LVKGR G
GLP-1衍生物意指展現與GLP-1者具有至少80%胺基酸序列同源性之胜肽,其可呈化學修飾型,及展現與GLP-1者至少相當或更高之促胰島素功能。
GLP-1片段意指其中於天然GLP-1之N端或C端有一個或多個胺基酸被加入或刪除之形式,該加入之胺基酸可能為非天然存在之胺基酸(例如,D型胺基酸)。
GLP-1變異體意指與天然GLP-1者有一個或多個胺基酸序列不同之具促胰島素功能之胜肽。
促胰島素分泌素-3與促胰島素分泌素-4係由與GLP-1具有53%胺基酸序列同源性之39個胺基酸組成之促胰島素胜肽。促胰島素分泌素-3與促胰島素分泌素 -4之胺基酸序列如下:促胰島素分泌素-3(SEQ ID NO:2)
HSDGT FTSDL SKQME EEAVR LFIEW LKNGG PSSGA PPPS
促胰島素分泌素-4(SEQ ID NO:3)
HGEGT FTSDL SKQME EEAVR LFIEW LKNGG PSSGA PPPS
促胰島素分泌素衍生物意指與天然促胰島素分泌素具有至少80%胺基酸序列同源性之胜肽,其胺基酸殘基上可能有若干基團被化學取代,且展現與天然促胰島素分泌素者至少相當或更高之促胰島素功能。
促胰島素分泌素片段意指於天然促胰島素分泌素之N端或C端有一個或多個胺基酸被加入或刪除之片段,該加入之胺基酸可能為非天然存在之胺基酸(例如,D型胺基酸)。
促胰島素分泌素變異體意指與天然促胰島素分泌素者有一個或多個胺基酸序列不同之促胰島素功能之胜肽。
於特定具體實例中,用於本發明之天然促胰島素胜肽與經修飾之促胰島素胜肽可使用固相合成法合成;包括天然促胰島素胜肽之大部分天然胜肽可利用重組技術產生。
再者,用於本發明之促胰島素胜肽可於多個位點結合至非肽基聚合物。
本發明製備之共軛物可具有依促胰島素胜肽結合之位點而不同之活性。
舉例而言,其可分別與N端及包括C端之其他端耦合,其顯示活體外活性差異。於低pH,醛反應性基選擇性地結合至N端,於高pH(例如,pH 9.0),則可結合至離胺酸殘基以形成共價鍵。聚乙二醇化(pegylation)反應得以不同pH進行,然後可使用離子交換管柱從反應混合物中分離位置異構物。
若促胰島素胜肽欲與N端以外之位點(其為體內活性之重要位點)耦合,則可將反應性硫醇基引入至天然胺基酸序列中欲被修飾之胺基酸殘基位點,俾便使用非肽基聚合物之順丁烯二醯亞胺連接子形成共價鍵。
若促胰島素胜肽欲與N端以外之位點(其為體內活性之重要位點)耦合,則可將反應性胺基引入至天然胺基酸序列中欲被修飾之胺基酸殘基位點,俾便使用非肽基聚合物之醛連接子形成共價鍵。
使用非肽基聚合物之醛連接子時,其係與N端之胺基及離胺酸殘基反應,可使用修飾型促胰島素胜肽以選擇性增加反應產率。舉例而言,使用N端封阻法、離胺酸殘基取代法、於羧基端引入胺基之方法等,可使僅有一個欲反應之胺基保留於所欲之位點,從而增加聚乙二醇化與耦合反應之產率。保護N端之方法包括二甲基化、以及甲基化、去胺化、乙醯化等,惟不受限於此烷基化方法。
於一較佳具體實例中,本發明之促胰島素 胜肽共軛物為其中免疫球蛋白Fc區特異地結合至促胰島素胜肽N端以外之胺基之促胰島素胜肽共軛物。
於一特定具體實例中,本發明人等引出於pH 9.0之天然促胰島素分泌素-4之聚乙二醇化反應,以選擇性地使PEG耦合至促胰島素胜肽之離胺酸殘基。或者,可合成具有被刪除或被保護之N端之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物以供耦合。於N端之聚乙二醇化可利用刪除N端組胺酸之α胺基或以兩個甲基修飾N端組胺酸予以封阻;此N端修飾不影響體外活性(表1)。
與促胰島素分泌素-4之N端耦合不同,於離胺酸殘基之耦合維持約6%之體外活性(表1)。再者,本發明製備之促胰島素分泌素-4-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc共軛物展現顯著增加之60至70小時之血液半衰期,顯示超出預期之高持續效力。因此,利用耦合至不影響活性之離胺酸殘基,亦使效價之下降最小化;從而可製備能維持其體內活性之新穎長效型促胰島素分泌素-4調配物。
因為免疫球蛋白Fc區為可於體內被代謝之生物可降解多肽,所以可安全地作為藥物載劑之用。又,相較於整個免疫球蛋白分子,免疫球蛋白Fc區具有相對低之分子量,因此有利於製備、純化、及產生共軛物。由於免疫球蛋白Fc區不含根據抗體亞型其胺基酸序列相異因而具高度非同源性之Fab片段,因此可預期免疫球蛋白Fc區可大為增加物質之均質性及具較少抗原性。
本文所用之「免疫球蛋白Fc區」一詞係指 重鏈恆定區2(CH2)及重鏈恆定區3(CH3),及不包括免疫球蛋白之重鏈與輕鏈變異區、重鏈恆定區1(CH1)、與輕鏈恆定區1(CL1);其可進一步包括於重鏈恆定區之鉸鏈區。又,本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區可含有重鏈與輕鏈變異區除外之包括重鏈恆定區1(CH1)及/或輕鏈恆定區1(CL1)之部分或全部Fc區,只要其具有實質上類似或優於天然蛋白質之效力即可。又,免疫球蛋白Fc區可為具有刪除相當長部分之CH2及/或CH3胺基酸序列之片段。亦即,本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區可包括1)CH1功能區、CH2功能區、CH3功能區與CH4功能區,2)CH1功能區與CH2功能區,3)CH1功能區與CH3功能區,4)CH2功能區與CH3功能區,5)一個或多個功能區與免疫球蛋白鉸鏈區(或部分鉸鏈區)之組合,及6)重鏈恆定區與輕鏈恆定區之各功能區之二聚體。
本發明之免疫球蛋白Fc區包含天然胺基酸序列及其序列衍生物(突變體)。胺基酸序列衍生物係由於一個或多個胺基酸殘基之缺失、插入、非保守性或保守性取代、或其組合而與天然胺基酸序列不同之序列。舉例而言,於IgG Fc中,可使用已知於位於214至238、297至299、318至322、或327至331之結合上重要之胺基酸殘基作為修飾之適當標靶。又,可能存在其他多種衍生物,包括其中能形成雙硫鍵之區域被刪除、或於天然Fc型N端之特定胺基酸殘基被消除、或甲硫胺酸殘基加入其中者。再者,為了移除效應物功能,可於補體結合位(例如,C1q-結合位與ADCC位)發生缺失。製備此免疫球蛋白Fc區序 列衍生物之技術揭示於國際專利公開案第WO 97/34631與WO 96/32478號中。
於蛋白質及胜肽中,通常不改變分子活性之胺基酸交換為此項技藝中已知者(H.Neurath,R.L.Hill,The Proteins,Academic Press,New York,1979)。最常發生之交換為雙向交換中之Ala/Ser、Val/Ile、Asp/Glu、Thr/Ser、Ala/Gly、Ala/Thr、Ser/Asn、Ala/Val、Ser/Gly、Thy/Phe、Ala/Pro、Lys/Arg、Asp/Asn、Leu/Ile、Leu/Val、Ala/Glu、Asp/Gly。
Fc區,需要時,可利用磷酸化、硫酸化、丙烯酸化、醣基化、甲基化、法尼基化(farnesylation)、乙醯化、醯胺化等予以修飾。
上述Fc衍生物為具有與本發明Fc區相同生物活性或具增進之對抗熱、pH等之結構穩定性之衍生物。
此外,該等Fc區可得自單離自人類及包括牛、山羊、豬、小鼠、兔、倉鼠、大鼠與天竺鼠之其他動物之天然型,或可為得自轉形之動物細胞或微生物之重組體或其衍生物。於本文中,該等可得自經由從人類或動物生物單離整個免疫球蛋白,並以蛋白分解酵素予以處理之天然免疫球蛋白。木瓜酶分解天然免疫球蛋白成為Fab與Fc區,以胃蛋白酶處理而產生pF'c與F(ab)2片段。該等片段可進行粒徑排阻層析法以單離Fc或pF'c。
較佳為,人類衍生之Fc區係得自微生物之 重組免疫球蛋白Fc區。
此外,免疫球蛋白Fc區可呈具有天然糖鏈、相較於天然型增加之糖鏈、或相較於天然型糖鏈減少之糖鏈形式,或可呈去醣基化之形式。免疫球蛋白Fc糖鏈之增加、減少或移除可利用此項技藝中常見之方法達成,例如化學法、酵素法及使用微生物之遺傳工程法。從Fc區移除糖鏈導致對補體(c1q)之結合親和力急遽下降,及抗體依賴性細胞媒介之細胞毒性或補體依賴性細胞毒性之減少或喪失,從而不誘發體內不必要之免疫反應。就此而論,以呈去醣基化或無醣基化形式之免疫球蛋白Fc區作為藥物載劑,可能更適於本發明之目的。
本文所用之「去醣基化」一詞係指從Fc區以酵素去除糖部分;「無醣基化」一詞意指由原核生物,較佳為大腸桿菌,所生產之呈無醣基化形式之Fc區。
雖然免疫球蛋白Fc區較佳可為衍生自人類,惟其亦可衍生自其他動物,包括牛、山羊、豬、小鼠、兔、倉鼠、大鼠與天竺鼠。此外,免疫球蛋白Fc區可為衍生自IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE與IgM之Fc區,或係將其組合或雜交而製造;其較佳為衍生自人類血液中最豐富蛋白質中之IgG或IgM,最佳為衍生自IgG(已知其增強配體結合蛋白質之半衰期)。
另一方面,本文所用之「組合」一詞意指編碼相同來源之單鏈免疫球蛋白Fc區之多肽連接於不同來源之單鏈多肽以形成二聚體或多聚體。亦即,二聚體或 多聚體可由選自IgG Fc、IgA Fc、IgM Fc、IgD Fc、與IgE Fc片段所組成之組群之二個或多個片段形成。
本文所用之「雜交」一詞意指編碼二個或多個不同來源之免疫球蛋白Fc區之序列係存在於單鏈免疫球蛋白Fc區中。本發明中,可能有各種類型之雜交。亦即,功能區雜交可由選自IgG Fc、IgM Fc、IgA Fc、IgE Fc與IgD Fc之CH1、CH2、CH3與CH4所組成之組群之一個至四個功能區組成,及可包括鉸鏈區。
另一方面,IgG可分成IgG1、IgG2、IgG3與IgG4亞型,本發明可包括其組合與雜交。較佳者為IgG2與IgG4亞型,最佳者為罕見具有例如CDC(補體依賴性細胞毒性)之效應物功能之IgG4 Fc區。
亦即,作為本發明之藥物載劑,最佳之免疫球蛋白Fc區為人類IgG4衍生之非醣基化Fc區。人類衍生之Fc區比非人類衍生之Fc區更佳,該非人類衍生之Fc區可能於人體內作為抗原,且引起例如產生對抗該抗原之新抗體之非所欲之免疫反應。
本文所用之「非肽基聚合物」一詞係指生物相容性聚合物,包括利用肽鍵以外之任何共價鍵互相連接之二個或多個重複單元。
可用於本發明之非肽基聚合物可選自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇與丙二醇之共聚物、聚氧乙基化之多元醇、聚乙烯醇、多醣類、聚葡萄糖、聚乙烯乙醚、生物可降解聚合物(例如PLA(聚乳酸)與PLGA(聚乳酸-乙 醇酸))、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸、與其組合所組成之組群,其中較佳者為聚乙二醇。又,此項技藝中習知者及於此項技藝範圍內易於製備之其衍生物均包含於本發明範圍中。
於利用習知框架內融合方法製得融合蛋白質中所用之胜肽連接子具有容易被蛋白分解酵素於體內裂解之缺點,因此無法如預期地獲得利用載劑增加活性藥物血液半衰期之充分效果。然而,於本發明中,可使用對蛋白分解酵素具抗性之聚合物,以維持胜肽與載劑相似之血液半衰期。因此,用於本發明之任何非肽基聚合物可不受任何限制,只要其為具上述功能之聚合物(亦即,對體內蛋白分解酵素具抗性之聚合物)即可。非肽基聚合物較佳為具有於1至100kDa(較佳為1至20kDa)範圍內之分子量。又,連接於免疫球蛋白Fc區之本發明非肽基聚合物,可為一種聚合物或不同類型聚合物之組合。
用於本發明之非肽基聚合物具有能結合於免疫球蛋白Fc區與蛋白質藥物之反應性基團。
非肽基聚合物於兩端具有反應性基團,該基團較佳為選自反應性醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、順丁烯二醯亞胺基、與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物所組成之組群。琥珀醯亞胺衍生物可為丙酸琥珀醯亞胺酯、羥基琥珀醯亞胺、羧甲基琥珀醯亞胺、或碳酸琥珀醯亞胺酯。尤其是,當非肽基聚合物兩端具有反應性醛基時,可有效地以最少之非特異性反應於兩端連接生理活性多肽與免疫球蛋白。利用還原 性烷基化反應經由醛鍵產生之最終產物,比經由醯胺鍵連接時更穩定許多。於低pH,醛反應基選擇性地結合於N端;於高pH,例如pH 9.0,則可結合於離胺酸殘基以形成共價鍵。
非肽基聚合物兩端之反應性基團可相同或不同;舉例而言,非胜肽聚合物可於一端具有順丁烯二醯亞胺基,另一端可能具有醛基、丙醛基或丁醛基。於使用其兩端均具反應性羥基之聚乙二醇作為非肽基聚合物時,其羥基可利用已知化學反應活化成為各種反應性基團;或可使用具有市售可得之經修飾反應性基團之聚乙二醇,從而製備本發明之促胰島素胜肽共軛物。
於另一具體實例中,本發明提供用於製備促胰島素胜肽共軛物之方法,其包括下述步驟:(1)使其兩端具有醛、順丁烯二醯亞胺、或琥珀醯亞胺衍生物之反應性基團之非肽基聚合物與促胰島素胜肽之胺基或硫醇基共價連接;(2)自(1)之反應混合物單離包含促胰島素胜肽之共軛物,其中非肽基聚合物係共價連接於胺基端以外之位點;以及(3)使免疫球蛋白Fc區共價連接於經單離之共軛物之非肽基聚合物之另一端,從而產生具有連接於非肽基聚合物各端之免疫球蛋白Fc區與促胰島素胜肽之胜肽共軛物。
本文所用之「共軛物」一詞係指利用共價 連接非肽基聚合物與促胰島素胜肽,隨後使免疫球蛋白Fc區連接於共軛物中非肽基聚合物之另一端而製備之中間產物。
於一較佳具體實例中,本發明提供包括下述步驟之製備方法:(1)使其兩端具有醛反應基之非肽基聚合物與促胰島素分泌素-4之離胺酸殘基共價連接;(2)自(1)之反應混合物單離包含促胰島素分泌素-4之共軛物,其中非肽基聚合物係共價連接於離胺酸殘基;以及(3)使免疫球蛋白Fc區共價連接於經單離之共軛物非肽基聚合物之另一端,從而產生包含連接於非肽基聚合物各端之免疫球蛋白Fc區與促胰島素分泌素-4之蛋白質共軛物。更佳為,於(1)中,非肽基聚合物與促胰島素分泌素-4之離胺酸殘基係於pH 9.0(或更高)連接。
本發明之促胰島素胜肽共軛物經由GLP-1受體活化胰島素訊息路徑之主要蛋白質,因此可用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。尤其是,本發明之促胰島素胜肽共軛物增加PKC-ζ(蛋白激酶C-ζ)[其調控參與脂質分解之酵素活性及維持增加Glut2(葡萄糖運輸蛋白-2)表現之已知促胰島素胜肽之體內活性]之活性,並增加促胰島素胜肽之血液半衰期,從而顯著增加體內效力之持續時間。因此,相較於已知調配物,以較少投藥頻率即可針對非酒精性脂肪肝疾病得到優異之治療效果。
於本發明中,非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)包括原發性與繼發性非酒精性脂肪肝疾病,更具體而言意指由原發性高脂血症、糖尿病、或肥胖症所引起之非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。舉例而言,非酒精性脂肪肝疾病,包括單純脂肪變性、由營養不良、飢餓、肥胖症與糖尿病引起之脂肪肝疾病、脂肪性肝炎、及由於該等疾病之進展發生之肝纖維化與肝硬化。
包含本發明促胰島素胜肽共軛物之醫藥組合物可進一步包含醫藥上可接受之載劑。用於口服投予時,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括黏合劑、潤滑劑、崩解劑、賦形劑、助溶劑、分散劑、安定劑、懸浮劑、著色劑、及香料。用於注射製劑時,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括緩衝劑、保藏劑、止痛劑、助溶劑、等滲劑、及安定劑。用於局部投予製劑時,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括基劑、賦形劑、潤滑劑、及保藏劑。本發明之醫藥組合物可組合上述醫藥上可接受之載劑,調配成各種劑量型。舉例而言,用於口服投予時,醫藥組合物可調配成錠劑、片劑、膠囊、酏劑、懸浮液、糖漿或薄片;用於注射製劑時,醫藥組合物可調配為呈單一劑量劑型之安瓿,或單位劑型,例如多劑量容器。醫藥組合物亦可調配成溶液、懸浮液、錠劑、丸劑、膠囊及長效型製劑。
另一方面,適用於醫藥調配物之載劑、賦形劑、與稀釋劑之實例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、麥芽糖醇、澱粉、阿 拉伯膠、褐藻膠、明膠、磷酸鈣、矽酸鈣、纖維素、甲基纖維素、微晶型纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羥苯甲酸甲酯、羥苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸鎂及礦物油。此外,醫藥調配物可進一步包含填充劑、抗凝聚劑、潤滑劑、潤濕劑、香料、及防腐劑。
根據本發明之共軛物係用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。因此,可投予包含該共軛物之醫藥組合物以治療該疾病。
本文所用之「投予」一詞意指,利用特定適當方法將預定物質引入病患體內。本發明之共軛物可經由任何常見途徑投予,只要能到達所欲之組織即可。多種投予方式可被考慮,包括經腹膜內、靜脈內、肌內、皮下、皮膚內、口服、局部、鼻內、肺內與直腸內,惟本發明不限於該等例示投予方式。然而,由於胜肽於口服投予後會被分解,口服投予用組成物之活性成分必須被覆或調配以保護對抗於胃中之降解。較佳為,本組合物係呈可注射形式投予。此外,醫藥組合物可使用能運送活性成分進入標靶細胞之特定裝置投予。
本發明之醫藥組合物可由包括待治療之疾病類型、投予途徑、病患年齡、性別、體重與疾病嚴重性、以及由作為活性成分之藥物種類等數個相關因素決定。由於本發明之醫藥組合物具有優異之體內效力與效價之持續時間,因此可顯著減少本發明醫藥藥物之投予頻率及劑量。
再者,本發明之醫藥組合物可單獨或與外科手術、激素療法、藥物療法及生物反應調節劑組合使用,以預防及治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病。
本發明之一態樣係有關使用醫藥組合物於製備用於預防或治療非酒精性肝臟疾病之藥物。
下文中,參照下述實施例更具細節地說明本發明。然而,該等實施例僅供說明用途,本發明不擬受該等實施例所侷限。
用於本實驗之各種長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物係以如本發明人之韓國專利案第10-1058315號之相同方法製備。
使用測定體外細胞活性之方法,從而測定長效型促胰島素分泌素-4製劑之效力。於體外活性測定中,使用RIN-m5F,其為已知大鼠胰島素瘤細胞。由於此細胞具有GLP-1受體,常見於測定GLP-1家族體外活性之方法中使用。以不同濃度之GLP-1、促胰島素分泌素-4、與測試物質處理RIN-m5F。利用測定由測試物質引起之cAMP's(其為細胞中之訊息分子)之存在決定EC50值,並相互比較。結果概述於表1。
促胰島素分泌素-4(Lys27)-PEG-Fc:經由PEG連接促胰島素分泌素-4第27之離胺酸殘基與Fc區而製備之共軛物。
如表1所示,當非肽基聚合物連接於天然促胰島素分泌素-4之N端以外之離胺酸殘基時,體外效價維持於6.3%,血液半衰期顯著增加至大約70小時。
雌性5週齡之ob/ob小鼠(C57BL/6JHamSlc-ob/ob,24至34公克)購自日本Slc公司。ob/ob小鼠係常見用於抗肥胖症與抗糖尿病調配物效力測試之動物模式。自由餵飼經輻射殺菌之實驗動物用固態飼料(製造商:Picolab Rodent Diet,產品名稱:5053),及自由攝取水瓶中經過濾、UV照射殺菌之自來水。動物係依照動物照護標準準則,飼養於符合GLP規範需求之飼育箱系統(casing system)之12小時光暗週期(光源於早上6:00打開,於下 午6:00關閉)中。之後,挑選健康ob/ob小鼠,於實驗室條件下馴養1週。然後,進行投藥,將小鼠分成4組並如下述投藥。
第1組(負控制組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次或多次,皮下注射杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝鹽液(DULBECCO'S PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SALINE,Sigma)
第2組(正控制組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每天皮下注射10.8nmol/kg之BYETTA
第3組(3.7nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次,皮下注射3.7nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物(HM11260C)
第4組(8.2nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次,皮下注射8.2nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物(HM11260C)
BYETTA(Eli Lilly)為天然促胰島素分泌素-4;長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物(HM11260C)見述於韓國專利案第10-1058315號,係經由PEG連接以移除第一個胺基酸組胺酸α碳之咪唑乙醯基-促胰島素分泌素-4於Fc區而製備之CA促胰島素分泌素-4-PEG-Fc共軛物。
各組別以鹽液或藥物投予7週,分析其對脂肪肝形成之影響。
為了檢驗ob/ob小鼠中,根據本發明之長效 型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物對脂肪肝形成之影響,乃進行下述實驗。將藥物投予實施例<2-1>中分配之組別,從ob/ob小鼠摘取肝臟,然後取部分固定於4%甲醛中及包埋於石蠟中,接著進行H&E染色。結果示於第1圖。
如第1圖所示,以載劑處理之負控制組,可清楚觀察到脂肪肝之病理特徵,而以本發明之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理之實驗組,則觀察到脂肪肝病理特徵中顯著劑量依賴性之減少。相較於BYETTA正控制組,亦發現本發明之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物即使用較低劑量,也顯示對脂肪肝之優異治療效力。
使6週齡C57BL/6小鼠安定下來並分成2組,使其接受含10%脂肪之正常飲食及含60%脂肪之高脂飲食(製造商:Research diets Inc.,產品名稱:D12492),為期12週。以此方式準備正常小鼠及高脂誘發之肥胖小鼠,供實驗用。動物係依照動物照護標準準則,飼養於符合GLP規範需求之飼育箱系統之12小時光暗週期(光源於早上6:00打開,於下午6:00關閉)中。之後,挑選健康之高脂誘發肥胖小鼠,於實驗室條件下馴養1週。然後,進行投藥,將小鼠分成4組並如下述投藥。
第1組(正常飲食組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次或多次,皮下注射杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝鹽液(Sigma)
第2組(高脂飲食組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次或多次,皮下注射杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝鹽液(Sigma)
第3組(3nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理之高脂飲食組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次,皮下注射3nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物(HM11260C)
第4組(10nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理之高脂飲食組):以5ml/kg之投予量,每週一次,皮下注射10nmol/kg之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物(HM11260C)
各組別以鹽液或藥物投予2週,分析肝組織中三酸甘油酯之蓄積量。
從實施例<3-1>中分配之有或無投予長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物之高脂誘發之肥胖小鼠組別摘取肝臟,測定肝內三酸甘油酯之濃度。如第2圖所示,高脂飲食組之肝內三酸甘油酯濃度為172.3mg/g,比低脂飲食組(114.0mg/g)高;惟以3nmol/kg長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物處理之高脂飲食組顯示93mg/g之三酸甘油酯量,相較於高脂飲食組,顯示46%之下降。該等結果表示,本發明之長效型促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物對非酒精性脂肪肝疾病具治療效力。
<110> 韓美科學股份有限公司(HANMI SCIENCE CO.,LTD.)
<120> 用於預防或治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之醫藥組合物 (PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE)
<130> OPA13019
<150> KR10-2012-0024632
<151> 2012-03-09
<160> 3
<170> KopatentIn 2.0
<210> 1
<211> 31
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> GLP-1
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 促胰島素分泌素-3
<400> 2
<210> 3
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 促胰島素分泌素-4
<400> 3
Claims (13)
- 一種促胰島素胜肽藥物共軛物在製備用於治療非酒精性脂肪肝疾病之製劑的用途,其中該促胰島素胜肽係經由非肽基聚合物共價連接免疫球蛋白Fc區,其中該促胰島素胜肽係選自由促胰島素分泌素-4、經由刪除促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、經由以羥基取代促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、經由以二甲基修飾促胰島素分泌素-4之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物、與經由刪除促胰島素分泌素-4之N端組胺酸殘基之α碳及連接於該α碳之N端胺基而製備之促胰島素分泌素-4衍生物所組成之組群;該非肽基聚合物係選自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇之共聚物、聚乙氧基化多元醇(polyoxyethylated polyols)、聚乙烯醇、多醣類、聚葡萄糖、聚乙烯基乙基醚(polyvinyl ethyl ether)、生物可降解之聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸、及其組合所組成之組群;以及該非肽基聚合物係連接該促胰島素胜肽之位置27的離胺酸殘基;以及該非酒精性脂肪肝疾病係肝纖維化或肝硬化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區及該促胰島素胜肽之胺基或硫醇基係分別連接於該非肽基聚合物兩端。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該非肽基聚合物係聚乙二醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區係經無醣基化者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區係由選自CH1、CH2、CH3與CH4功能區所組成之組群之一至四個功能區所組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區進一步包括鉸鏈區。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區係衍生自選自IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE與IgM所組成之組群之免疫球蛋白之Fc區。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區係IgG4 Fc區。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之用途,其中該免疫球蛋白Fc區係人類非醣基化之IgG4 Fc區。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該非肽基聚合物之反應性基團係選自醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、順丁烯二醯亞胺基、丙酸琥珀醯亞胺酯、羧甲基琥珀醯亞胺酯、羥基琥珀醯亞胺、與碳酸琥珀醯亞胺酯所組成之組群。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中於該非肽基聚合物兩端具有反應性醛基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該促胰島素 胜肽藥物共軛物係增加調控參與脂質分解之酵素活性之PKC-ζ(蛋白激酶C-ζ)之活性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中該促胰島素胜肽藥物共軛物增加參與脂質分解之Glut2(葡萄糖運輸蛋白-2)之表現。
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