TW201512394A - 用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法 - Google Patents
用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201512394A TW201512394A TW103132304A TW103132304A TW201512394A TW 201512394 A TW201512394 A TW 201512394A TW 103132304 A TW103132304 A TW 103132304A TW 103132304 A TW103132304 A TW 103132304A TW 201512394 A TW201512394 A TW 201512394A
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- Prior art keywords
- dielectric material
- glycol
- aqueous solution
- ether
- recessed structure
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- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 peroxodisulfate ions peroxodisulfate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)O CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COCC(C)O QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JKEHLQXXZMANPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[1-(1-propoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)O JKEHLQXXZMANPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJCYDDALXPHSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCO DJCYDDALXPHSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYVAYAJYLWYJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCOC(C)COC(C)CO XYVAYAJYLWYJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FMVOPJLFZGSYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO FMVOPJLFZGSYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KCBPVRDDYVJQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCOCCO KCBPVRDDYVJQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000463 Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000464 Poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003050 poly-cycloolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRWADRITRNUCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)OCCOCCO HRWADRITRNUCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
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- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000563 toxic property Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種在製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物期間,用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法。使該介電材料與包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子、及至少一種選自醇類、分子醚及聚醚之穩定添加物之水溶液接觸。藉由根據本發明之方法自凹陷結構去除孔污,製程化學物質不會滲入該介電材料中,且達成足夠低的銅蝕刻速率。此外,該水溶液之存放期甚至在銅離子存在下得到改良。
Description
本發明係關於在製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物時用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法。
諸如通孔(TH)及盲微通道(BMV)之凹陷結構需在介電材料中形成且稍後鍍銅以提供多層印刷電路板、IC基板及相關裝置之個別層之間的電接觸。該等凹陷結構係(例如)藉由機械鑽孔、雷射鑽孔或電漿侵蝕形成。在該等凹陷結構形成期間所產生之孔污(來自介電材料之殘餘物)需自介電材料、銅結構及/或銅層去除,隨後活化凹陷結構之介電壁以便連續保形鍍銅或藉由電鍍填充銅。未去除的孔污導致稍後沈積至凹陷結構之介電壁上的銅之不充分黏著。
凹陷結構形成所在之介電材料含有熱塑性聚合物,例如環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺、氰酸酯及聚酯。此等介電材料通常亦包含用於加強之第二材料,諸如玻璃纖維及/或玻璃珠及另外銅結構及/或銅層。
用以去除孔污之當前標準方法包含三個步驟:1.用包含有機溶劑之鹼性水溶液使介電材料膨脹,2.用包含過錳酸根離子之鹼性溶液蝕刻該等介電材料,及3.還原在蝕刻期間所形成之MnO2。
使用高度酸性介質(諸如濃硫酸或鉻酸中之過錳酸根離子)用以蝕
刻之替代性方法在此項技術中亦係已知的,但不具實際關聯性。過錳酸根離子及鉻酸兩者由於其有毒特性均需替換。用以去除孔污之已知酸性方法之技術缺點為介電材料中之玻璃加強物與熱塑性聚合物之間的矽氧烷-醚連接基團斷裂,且製程化學物質可滲透至介電材料中且導致稱為「毛細作用」之故障。
一種在濃硫酸(至少92wt%)中利用氧化劑的用以去除孔污之方法揭示於EP 0 216 513中。強酸性溶液導致不當的「毛細作用」,且此外在去除孔污期間導致非所需的高銅蝕刻速率。此高銅蝕刻速率為不可接受的,尤其在純銅結構及/或較薄銅層存在於最新印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物中的情況下。
用以去除由雷射鑽孔造成之金屬毛刺的200g/l過氧二硫酸銨水溶液揭示於US 4,023,998中。此方法不適合於自介電材料(實例2(比較))去除孔污。
本發明之目標為提供一種在製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物期間用以在介電材料中凹陷結構形成之後去除孔污之可靠方法,該方法避免諸如過錳酸根離子及鉻酸之有毒化學物質且抑制諸如製程化學物質滲透至介電材料中(「毛細作用」)及銅結構及/或銅層之過強蝕刻的不當現象。此外,與諸如用過錳酸根離子之鹼性方法的已知方法相比,製程步驟之數目應減少。用以去除孔污之方法中所使用的水溶液之存放期在用於製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物期間的富含於此水溶液中之銅離子存在下亦應為足夠的。
此等目標係藉由用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法來實現,該方法依序包含以下步驟
(i)提供包含至少一個凹陷結構之介電基板,該至少一個凹陷
結構含有在製造該等凹陷結構期間所形成的該介電材料之殘餘物,及(ii)使該介電基板與包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子之水溶液接觸,且從而自介電基板去除介電材料之該等殘餘物
其中該水溶液進一步包含選自由醇類、分子醚及聚醚組成之群的至少一種穩定劑添加物。
根據本發明之用以處理介電材料中凹陷結構的方法不利用諸如過錳酸根離子及鉻酸之有毒材料。當應用根據本發明之方法時,銅蝕刻如所需地低,且介電材料之孔污去除如介電材料之重量損失所判定地足夠高。此外,製程化學物質至介電材料中之不當滲透(「毛細作用」)得到抑制,此係因為介電材料中之玻璃加強物與熱塑性聚合物之間的矽氧烷-醚連接基團未斷裂。又,製程步驟之數目減少,此係因為在根據本發明之方法中不需要在使用過錳酸根離子時所需的還原步驟。此外,銅蝕刻速率足夠低。在甚至銅離子存在下的使用期間,存在於水溶液中之穩定添加物提供該水溶液的足夠存放時間。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,亦不需要使用包含有機溶劑之水溶液的膨脹步驟。
因此,根據本發明之方法十分適合於在介電材料之凹陷結構形成之後清洗該等凹陷結構,且導致在連續製程步驟中電鍍至凹陷結構中之銅與介電材料之間之間的有利高黏著性。
凹陷結構(TH、BMV及其類似物)通常藉由機械鑽孔、雷射鑽孔或電漿侵蝕形成。諸如溝槽之其他結構亦可藉由壓印技術形成。在所有彼等情況中,由介電材料中之熱塑性聚合物的殘餘物組成之孔污形
成,孔污必須在活化凹陷結構之介電壁以用於連續電鍍銅之前完全去除。該孔污之確切化學性質可視應用於製造凹陷結構之方法而變化。根據本發明之方法能夠去除藉由所有標準鑽孔方法形成之孔污,而與孔污之確切化學性質無關。
待用根據本發明之方法處理之介電材料係基於諸如環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺、氰酸酯、聚酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、ABS-PC複合物(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-聚碳酸酯複合物,亦指ABS-PC摻合物)、聚醯胺(PA)及聚環烯烴之熱塑性聚合物。介電材料較佳亦包含諸如玻璃纖維及/或玻璃珠之玻璃加強物。熱塑性聚合物及玻璃加強物係藉由矽氧烷-醚連接基團以化學方式連接以便形成穩定的複合材料。
介電材料較佳進一步包含銅結構及/或一或多個銅層。
包含凹陷結構之介電材料係在彼等凹陷結構已形成之後在根據本發明之方法之步驟(i)中提供。
隨後在根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中,使介電基板與包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸、較佳65wt%至75wt%硫酸之水溶液接觸。
該水溶液進一步包含0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子,較佳0.12mol/l至0.44mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子。
可使用水溶性過氧二硫酸鹽於提供該水溶液中所需量的過氧二硫酸根離子。合適水溶性過氧二硫酸鹽為過氧二硫酸鈉、過氧二硫酸鉀、過氧二硫酸銨及前述各物之混合物。又,過氧二硫酸可單獨用作過氧二硫酸根離子源或可與前述水溶性過氧二硫酸鹽一起以混合物使用。
過氧二硫酸銨為最佳過氧二硫酸根離子源,此係因為過氧二硫酸銨係根據本發明之水溶液中的最穩定過氧二硫酸根離子源。
在應用於根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中的水溶液中之硫酸的濃
度範圍為強制性的,此係因為硫酸濃度過低不能去除在凹陷結構形成之後的介電材料之殘餘物。硫酸濃度過高導致製程化學物質至介電材料中之不當滲透(「毛細作用」),此係因為介電材料之熱塑性聚合物與玻璃加強物之間的矽氧烷-醚連接基團斷裂。
過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度必須保持在上述容限內,此係因為濃度過低不足以去除在凹陷結構形成之後的介電材料之孔污,且濃度過高導致固體材料在水溶液中之不當沈澱。
包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子之水溶液之穩定性減小,尤其在銅離子存在下。該水溶液之穩定性係由氧化劑過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度決定。因此,此水溶液的所需去除孔污能力在使用期間下降,且去除孔污之方法對於製造印刷電路板及其類似物(其中銅離子富含於此等水溶液中)中之實際使用而言不夠可靠。
因此,應用於根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中之水溶液進一步包含選自由醇類、分子醚及聚醚組成之群的至少一種穩定劑添加物。
合適醇類係選自由以下各物組成之群:甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、第三丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、丙三醇及聚乙烯醇。
合適分子醚係選自由以下各物組成之群:乙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丁醚、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇單丁醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單丙醚、二乙二醇單丁醚、二丙二醇單甲醚、二丙二醇單乙醚、二丙二醇單丙醚、二丙二醇單丁醚、三乙二醇單甲醚、三乙二醇單乙醚、三乙二醇單丙醚、三乙二醇單丁醚、三丙二醇單甲醚、三丙二醇單乙醚、三丙二醇單丙醚、三丙二醇單丁醚及二乙二醇單異丙醚。
合適聚醚係選自由以下各物組成之群:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、
聚(乙二醇-無規-丙二醇)、聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(丙二醇)-嵌段-聚(乙二醇)及聚(丙二醇)-嵌段-聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(丙二醇)。
最佳地,穩定劑添加物為聚醚。
選自由醇類、分子醚及聚醚組成之群的穩定劑添加物的濃度較佳在0.5mmol/l至300mmol/l範圍內,更佳在1mmol/l至150mmol/l範圍內。
該至少一種穩定劑添加物之存在強有力地改良根據本發明之方法中之步驟(ii)中所使用的該水溶液之存放期,而不負面地影響介電材料之重量損失及銅蝕刻速率(亦即,製造印刷電路板及其類似物中的去除孔污之所需特性)。因此,該方法被認為可靠且適用於製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物。
用於步驟(ii)中之水溶液視情況進一步包含用於銅離子之錯合劑。用於銅離子之合適錯合劑較佳選自包含以下各物之群:胺基羧酸、膦酸酯及前述各物之鹽。用於銅離子之前述錯合劑之合適鹽為(例如)鈉鹽及鉀鹽。
合適胺基羧酸為(例如)乙二胺四乙酸、乙二胺單丁二酸、二伸乙基三胺單丁二酸、三伸乙基四胺單丁二酸、1,6-己二胺單丁二酸、四乙烯戊胺單丁二酸、2-羥基丙烯-1,3-二胺單丁二酸、1,2-丙二胺單丁二酸、1,3-丙二胺單丁二酸、順-環己二胺單丁二酸、反-環己二胺單丁二酸、伸乙基雙-(氧伸乙基氮基)單丁二酸、乙二胺-N,N'-二丁二酸、二伸乙基三胺-N,N"-二丁二酸、三伸乙基四胺-N,N'''-二丁二酸、1,6-己二胺N,N'-二丁二酸、四乙烯戊胺-N,N''''-二丁二酸、2-羥基丙烯-1,3-二胺-N,N'-二丁二酸、1,2丙二胺-N,N'-二丁二酸、1,3-丙二胺-N,N"-二丁二酸、順-環己二胺-N,N'-二丁二酸、反-環己二胺-N,N'-二丁二酸及伸乙基雙-(氧伸乙基氮基)-N,N'-二丁二酸。
合適膦酸酯為(例如)氮基參-(亞甲基膦酸)、乙烷-1,2-雙-(亞胺雙-
(亞甲基-膦酸))、1-羥基乙烷-1,1,-二膦酸、羥乙基-胺基-二-(亞甲基膦酸)、羧甲基-胺基-二-(亞甲基膦酸)、胺基-參-(亞甲基膦酸)、氮基-參-(亞甲基膦酸)、乙二胺-四-(亞甲基膦酸)、己二胺-四-(亞甲基膦酸)、N-(膦醯甲基)亞胺二乙酸、二伸乙基三胺-N,N,N',N",N"-五-(甲基膦酸)、2-丁烷膦酸酯-1,2,4-三羧酸及2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸。
用於銅離子之可選錯合劑的濃度較佳在0.5mmol/l至500mmol/l範圍內,更佳在1mmol/l至300mmol/l範圍內。
用於根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中的水溶液中之銅離子之錯合劑的存在進一步改良該水溶液在使用期間、尤其在銅離子富含於該水溶液中時的存放期。
水溶液視情況進一步包含用於銅之腐蝕抑制劑,諸如三唑化合物(例如苯并三唑)。此等腐蝕抑制劑係此項技術中已知的。用於銅之可選腐蝕抑制劑的濃度較佳在0.1mg/l至1000mg/l範圍內,更佳在1mg/l至500mg/l範圍內。
介電基板在根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中與水溶液接觸較佳1分鐘至60分鐘,更佳5分鐘至40分鐘且最佳10分鐘至30分鐘。
在根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)中將水溶液之溫度保持在較佳10℃至80℃,更佳20℃至60℃且最佳20℃至40℃的範圍內。
根據本發明之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法可應用各種類型之設備,諸如水平設備、垂直設備及垂直傳送帶化設備。
在步驟(ii)之前,介電基板視情況與包含有機溶劑之水溶液接觸。有機溶劑為(例如)二醇(諸如丁基二甘醇)或N-烷基吡咯啶酮(諸如N-甲基吡咯啶酮及N-乙基吡咯啶酮)。有機溶劑之濃度較佳在20wt%至80wt%範圍內。亦可使用溶劑之混合物。介電基板在30℃至90℃範圍內之溫度下視情況與該水溶液接觸1分鐘至20分鐘。當使介電基板
與該水溶液接觸時,介電基板之熱塑性聚合物膨脹,且從而可支持步驟(ii)中之去除孔污。
在本發明之一個實施例中,在步驟(ii)之後用包含鹼性物質之水沖洗介電基板,鹼性物質諸如鹼金屬氫氧化物(例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銨及其混合物)。鹼性沖洗劑之pH值較佳在7至14範圍內。鹼性沖洗劑對於去除產生自介電基板之氧化的有機殘餘物為必需的。
在本發明之一個實施例中,製程步驟(ii)係藉由超聲支持。在此實施例中,藉助於超音波設備來攪動應用於步驟(ii)中之水溶液。
根據本發明之方法之步驟(ii)期間之超聲支持在步驟(ii)之後可與利用含有鹼性物質之水的沖洗組合。
接著,具有凹陷結構之介電基板適合於活化及連續鍍銅,且達成介電基板與鍍銅層之間的足夠高的黏著。此外,在應用根據本發明之方法之後的連續步驟中之製程化學物質之不當滲透得到抑制,此係因為熱塑性聚合物及玻璃加強物仍彼此黏附。
與其他用以去除孔污之酸性溶液相比,根據本發明之方法的另一技術優勢為步驟(ii)期間之低銅蝕刻速率。此意謂,當使介電基板在步驟(ii)中與酸性溶液接觸時,僅蝕刻掉極微小量之銅。當介電基板包含極精細銅結構及/或薄銅層(其應不受到應用於步驟(ii)中之酸性處理溶液侵蝕)時,尤其需要低銅蝕刻速率。步驟(ii)期間之銅蝕刻速率應不超過0.2μm/分鐘。
在去除孔污(步驟(iii))之後的介電基板之活化係較佳藉由使該介電基板與包含引發無電式鍍銅之催化金屬之離子及/或膠體的溶液接觸達成。此等催化活性金屬為(例如)鈀、銀及銅。提供離子或膠態形式之催化金屬之可適用活化劑組合物係(例如)揭示於ASM Handbook,第5卷Surface Engineering,1194,第317-318頁中。
接下來,在根據本發明之方法之步驟(iv)中,使經活化的介電基板與無電式鍍銅浴組合物接觸,且從而將第一銅層沈積至經活化的介電基板上。
無電式鍍銅電解質包含(例如)銅離子源、pH調節劑、錯合劑(諸如EDTA、烷醇胺或酒石酸鹽)、促進劑、穩定劑添加物及還原劑。在大多數情況下,甲醛用作還原劑,其他常見還原劑為次磷酸鹽、乙醛酸、二甲胺硼烷及硼氫化鈉。用於無電式鍍銅電解質之典型穩定劑添加物為諸如巰基苯并噻唑、硫脲、各種其他硫化合物、氰化物及/或亞鐵氰化物及/或氰鈷酸鹽、聚乙二醇衍生物、雜環氮化合物、甲基丁炔醇及丙腈之化合物。(ASM Handbook,第5卷:Surface Engineering,第311-312頁)。該第一銅層充當用於連續電鍍銅之電鍍基底(第二銅層)。
現將參考以下非限制性實例來說明本發明。
貫穿所有實例使用兩種不同類型的測試基板:附體試片類型1僅由裸介電材料(Matsushita MC 100 EX:具有玻璃加強物但不含銅覆層之環氧樹脂)組成,且用以藉由如各別實例所指示,研究該等樣品在應用用以去除孔污之特定方法之後的「重量損失」來測定自介電材料之所需孔污去除。
附體試片類型2由與基板材料1相同之介電材料組成,但在兩側進一步包含銅層。
兩種附體試片類型均具有5×5cm2之尺寸。
不同酸性溶液去除孔污之能力係藉由在與研究的各種酸性溶液接觸之前及之後在分析天平上稱重經乾燥的附體試片類型1測定。以附體試片類型1表面(添加的正面及背面表面)之mg/dm2給出重量損
失。此測試中的在30mg/dm2至80mg/dm2範圍內的介電材料之重量損失為所需的。低於該範圍之重量損失表明孔污未自介電材料充分去除。高於該範圍之重量損失表明不僅孔污被去除,而且不可接受量的介電材料本身被去除。
酸性溶液之銅蝕刻速率係藉由附體試片類型2上之重量損失測定。在各別實例之前及之後對基板稱重。所得重量損失△計算如下:△=[(重量(處理之前)-重量(處理之後)]/(基板表面)
在0μm/分鐘至0.2μm/分鐘範圍內之銅蝕刻速率為所需的。高於該範圍之銅蝕刻為不可接受的,此係因為過多銅在去除孔污期間被去除。
包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子之水溶液的存放期係藉由量測過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度測定,該量測藉由在兩個小時之時間段每隔30分鐘滴定硫酸鈰(VI)來進行。為了模擬此等水溶液在製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物中的實際使用之條件,將3.4mmol/l銅離子添加至該等水溶液。基於1dm2之試片尺寸及0.08μm/min之標準銅蝕刻速率,添加的銅離子之濃度由釋放至該溶液中之銅離子的濃度計算。在該等測試期間,將該等水溶液之溫度保持在35℃至40℃。
使附體試片類型1及附體試片類型2與含有濃H2SO4(於水中之97wt% H2SO4)及0.25mol/l(5.7wt%)過氧二硫酸銨之酸性水溶液接觸(根據EP 0 216 513 A2之實例)。
就第一測試而言,將處理溶液溫度調節至30℃且處理時間為3分鐘。用該溶液處理後的附體試片類型1之重量損失為708.8mg/dm2。相應地,過多介電材料將由此處理溶液去除。
銅蝕刻速率為0.031μm/分鐘。
就第二測試而言,將處理溶液溫度調節至35℃且處理時間為15分鐘。用該溶液處理後的附體試片之重量損失為2315mg/dm2。同樣,過多介電材料將由此處理自基板去除。
如關於附體試片類型2所測定之銅蝕刻速率為0.12μm/min。因此,銅蝕刻速率為可接受的。
在該第二測試期間,發熱反應導致水溶液在15分鐘內溫度增加20K。出於安全原因,此在製造印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物中為不可接受的。
使附體試片類型1及附體試片類型2與200g/l過氧二硫酸銨水溶液接觸(根據US 4,023,998之實例)。將處理溶液溫度調節至25℃且處理時間為1.5分鐘。
獲得重量增益而非重量損失。用該溶液處理後的附體試片類型1之重量增益為10.3mg/dm2。重量增益表明未自介電材料去除孔污。假設介電材料在用此處理溶液處理期間膨脹,該處理溶液隨後部分包括於膨脹之介電材料中。
如關於附體試片類型2所測定之銅蝕刻速率為0.077μm/分鐘。
另外,以35℃之處理溶液溫度及15分鐘之處理時間進行測試。
獲得重量增益而非重量損失。用該溶液處理後的附體試片之重量增益為10.5mg/dm2。
如關於附體試片類型2所測定之銅蝕刻速率為0.792μm/分鐘。該銅蝕刻速率對於去除孔污製程而言過高。
使附體試片類型1及附體試片類型2與含有75wt%硫酸及0.22mol/l過氧二硫酸銨之酸性水溶液接觸。將處理溶液溫度調節至35℃且處理時間為30分鐘。
在步驟(ii)之前,不應用包含有機溶劑之溶液中的膨脹步驟。
用該溶液處理後的附體試片之重量損失為80mg/dm2。因此,附體試片類型1之介電材料的蝕刻為可接受的。
如關於附體試片類型2所測定的銅蝕刻速率為0.08μm/min,此為所需的低銅蝕刻速率。
在90分鐘之後,在3.4mmol/l銅離子存在下不再偵測到過氧二硫酸根離子。因此,該水溶液之存放期對於用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之可靠處理方法而言過低。
在將6.8mmol/l聚乙二醇(Mw=600g/mol)添加至該水溶液之後,隨後添加3.4mmol/l銅離子(對存放期測試而言,t=0分鐘),再次研究相同水溶液(75wt%硫酸及0.22mol/l過氧二硫酸銨)。在90分鐘之後,過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度僅降低15.8%。
因此,在保持所需低銅蝕刻速率及附體試片類型1之介電材料之所需蝕刻的同時,在聚乙二醇存在下之水溶液之存放期被認為足夠的。
在將13.6mmol/l聚乙二醇(Mw=600g/mol)添加至該水溶液之後,隨後添加3.4mmol/l銅離子(對存放期測試而言,t=0分鐘),再次研究相同水溶液(75wt%硫酸及0.22mol/l過氧二硫酸銨)。在90分鐘之後,過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度僅降低9.5%。
因此,在保持所需低銅蝕刻速率及介電材料之所需蝕刻的同時,在聚乙二醇存在下之水溶液之存放期被認為足夠的。
在將13.6mmol/l聚乙二醇(Mw=1500g/mol)添加至該水溶液之後,隨後添加3.4mmol/l銅離子(對存放期測試而言,t=0分鐘),再次
研究相同水溶液(75wt%硫酸及0.22mol/l過氧二硫酸銨)。在90分鐘之後,過氧二硫酸根離子之濃度僅降低12.3%。
因此,在保持所需低銅蝕刻速率及介電材料之所需蝕刻的同時,在聚乙二醇存在下之水溶液之存放期被認為足夠的。
Claims (15)
- 一種用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,該方法依序包含以下步驟(i)提供包含至少一個凹陷結構之介電材料,該至少一個凹陷結構含有在製造該等凹陷結構期間所形成的該介電材料之殘餘物,及(ii)使該介電材料與包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子之水溶液接觸,從而自該介電材料去除介電材料之該等殘餘物,其中該水溶液進一步包含至少一種選自由醇類、分子醚及聚醚組成之群的穩定劑添加物。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該介電材料包含選自由以下各物組成之群的熱塑性聚合物:環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺、氰酸酯、聚酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-聚碳酸酯複合物、聚醯胺及聚環烯烴。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該介電材料包含銅結構及/或一或多個銅層。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中應用於步驟(ii)中的該水溶液中之該硫酸濃度在65wt%至75wt%範圍內。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中應用於步驟(ii)中的該水溶液中之該過氧二硫酸根離子濃度在0.12mol/l至0.44mol/l範圍內。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法, 其中該穩定劑添加物係選自由以下各物組成之群:甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、第三丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、丙三醇及聚乙烯醇。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該穩定劑添加物係選自由以下各物組成之群:乙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丁醚、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇單丁醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單丙醚、二乙二醇單丁醚、二丙二醇單甲醚、二丙二醇單乙醚、二丙二醇單丙醚、二丙二醇單丁醚、三乙二醇單甲醚、三乙二醇單乙醚、三乙二醇單丙醚、三乙二醇單丁醚、三丙二醇單甲醚、三丙二醇單乙醚、三丙二醇單丙醚、三丙二醇單丁醚及二乙二醇單異丙醚。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該穩定劑添加物係選自由以下各物組成之群:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚(乙二醇-無規-丙二醇)、聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(丙二醇)-嵌段-聚(乙二醇)及聚(丙二醇)-嵌段-聚(乙二醇)-嵌段-聚(丙二醇)。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該穩定劑添加物之濃度係在0.5mmol/l至300mmol/l範圍內。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中該水溶液之溫度在步驟(ii)期間保持在10℃至80℃之溫度範圍內。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中使介電基板在步驟(ii)中與該水溶液接觸1分鐘至60分鐘。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法, 其中使該介電基板在步驟(ii)之前與包含有機溶劑之水溶液接觸。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其中在步驟(ii)之後用包含鹼性物質之水沖洗該介電基板。
- 如請求項1之用以自介電基板中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理方法,其進一步包含以下步驟(iii)使該介電基板與包含催化金屬之離子及/或膠體之溶液接觸,該催化金屬引發無電式鍍銅,及(iv)使該介電基板與無電式鍍銅浴組合物接觸,從而將第一銅層沈積至該經活化的介電基板上。
- 一種用以自介電材料中凹陷結構去除孔污之處理水溶液,其包含60wt%至80wt%硫酸及0.04mol/l至0.66mol/l過氧二硫酸根離子及至少一種選自由醇類、分子醚及聚醚組成之群的穩定劑添加物。
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| EP20130185890 EP2853619A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | Method for treatment of recessed structures in dielectric materials for smear removal |
| ??13185890.4 | 2013-09-25 |
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| EP (2) | EP2853619A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP6505087B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR102010637B1 (zh) |
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| SI3414364T1 (sl) * | 2016-02-12 | 2020-11-30 | Biconex Gmbh | Postopek za predobdelavo delov iz umetne snovi za galvansko prevleko |
| JP6750293B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-09-02 | 栗田工業株式会社 | プラスチック表面の処理方法 |
| JP6288213B1 (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-03-07 | 栗田工業株式会社 | プラスチック表面の処理方法 |
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| US3553085A (en) * | 1967-11-28 | 1971-01-05 | Schering Ag | Method of preparing surfaces of plastic for electro-deposition |
| DE2010438A1 (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1971-09-09 | Schering Ag | Metallizing insulators for printed circuits e - tc |
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| US4086128A (en) * | 1976-03-04 | 1978-04-25 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Process for roughening surface of epoxy resin |
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| EP0216513A3 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-10-21 | Amoco Corporation | Treatment of drilled copper-clad thermoplastic laminates |
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| US5869130A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-02-09 | Mac Dermid, Incorporated | Process for improving the adhesion of polymeric materials to metal surfaces |
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- 2013-09-25 EP EP20130185890 patent/EP2853619A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2014-09-05 EP EP14758972.5A patent/EP3049549B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP2853619A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| JP2016539492A (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
| JP6505087B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 |
| KR102010637B1 (ko) | 2019-08-13 |
| CN105579615A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| WO2015043920A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| EP3049549B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
| EP3049549A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
| KR20160062054A (ko) | 2016-06-01 |
| US20160205783A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
| CN105579615B (zh) | 2020-07-10 |
| TWI640622B (zh) | 2018-11-11 |
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