TW201022777A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device 1, wherein transparent electrodes 100, which constitute display liquid crystal cell 30, have a plurality of patterns 102, forming preferred patterns within outer periphery 101 constituting the whole display area, and transparent electrodes 13a, 13b hold at least a portion of the liquid crystal molecules of liquid crystal layer 20 in between. Thereupon, with respect to the whole display area that is displayed through light display or dark display, preferred patterns are displayed by a light-dark display that is opposite to the whole display area while controlling the plurality of patterns 102 respectively by applying voltages. Further, by applying voltages to transparent electrodes 13a, 13b, the orientation directions of all of the liquid crystal molecules of liquid crystal layer 20 are changed to directions parallel to the normal line of substrate 11, and the light-dark display of at least a portion of the whole display area and at least a portion of the preferred patterns is inverted.

Description

。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 [Prior Art] There has been known a liquid crystal display device which is configured such that the upper and lower sides are held by the polarizing plate, and the liquid crystal layer has a predetermined twist angle, and the (four) unit cell is disposed to penetrate the light in the up and down direction. Alternatively, the liquid crystal display device 2 having the crystal layer 240 as shown in FIGS. 1G and 5 is known as the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device. For the convenience of explanation, the directions of the arrows shown in the =1 diagram and the 11th diagram are taken as the front, rear, left, and right directions to explain the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 240 as shown in Fig. 11. In the front-rear and left-right directions, the arrow is rotated 90 degrees clockwise in the lower end portion, and the arrow 241 is rotated clockwise by 9 degrees in the direction of the arrow 246 in the upper end portion, and becomes aligned in the middle portion thereof. The TN (Twisted Nematic) method in which the slow direction is reversed, and the liquid crystal layer 240 is held up and down by the alignment film 232, and a transparent electrode is disposed on the upper and lower sides of the alignment medium 232. 233 and 235, the transparent electrode 235 is electrically connected to the AC power supply 236. Further, the transparent electrodes 233 and 235 are held up and down by the substrate 231, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 240 are sealed by the substrate 231 and the sealing member 234. The liquid crystal cell 230 is formed by the substrate 231, the sealing member 234, the transparent electrode 233, 235, the alignment film 232, and the liquid 320849 201022777. The liquid crystal cell 230 is held up and down by the polarizing plates 203 and 204, and is polarized. The transmission axis direction 2〇3a of the board 2〇3 and the transmission axis direction 204a of the polarizing plate 204 are arranged in parallel. Further, a backlight (back light) 202 is disposed under the /polarizing plate 203. / Liquid crystal display having the above configuration In the device 200, the illumination light from the backlight 202 is irradiated to the liquid crystal cell 230, and the illumination light 202a rotates clockwise in the liquid crystal cell 230 along the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 240 to change the polarization direction by 90 degrees to reach the polarized light. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, since the transmission axis direction 2〇4a of the polarizing plate 204 and the direction of the arrow 246 become a positional relationship of 90 degrees by rotation, the illumination light 2〇2a cannot penetrate the polarizing plate 204. On the other hand, if a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode 235 by the AC power supply 236, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 240 are arranged vertically upwards. Therefore, the illumination light traveling on the voltage application portion 202b is not twisted by the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 240 and reaches the polarizing plate 204. That is, since the illumination light 202b reaches the polarizing plate 204 in the direction of the arrow 241, the illumination light 202b penetrates the polarizing plate 204 and is illuminated. (negative display). From this, it is understood that a plurality of transparent electrodes 235 are disposed by forming a desired pattern, and voltage application control from an alternating current power source is performed for each of the transparent electrodes, and the pattern is displayed in a light-dark (black-and-white) manner. Further, by rotating the polarizing plate 204 by 90 degrees in the front-rear and left-right directions, for example, a configuration (positive display) in which the desired pattern is darkly displayed in the displayed background display is possible. Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-235581 [Draft of the Invention] 4 320849 201022777. However, the liquid crystal display device 200 described above is a negative display that causes a desired pattern to be brightly displayed in a background display that is displayed in a dark manner. The following problems are included in the surrounding environment where the surrounding light is bright due to external light such as natural light, and the background display is brightly visible by the external light, and the contrast between the desired pattern and the background display is highlighted. The difference is small, and the visual confirmation of the desired pattern is lowered. Further, since the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal eyebrows 240 have uniaxial birefringence (birefringence crystals) having an optical axis in the long axis direction thereof, they penetrate the short axis direction or the oblique direction of the liquid crystal layer 24G. The illumination light 2〇2c is affected by the birefringence, and a phase difference occurs when it penetrates the liquid crystal cell. Therefore, there is a problem that the liquid illumination photometer is obliquely fipped (the liquid crystal display is seen obliquely) In the case of 2〇〇, the color difference is caused by the difference in the phase of the silk thread (see the case of the liquid crystal display / 2〇〇 from the top). ' ^ The subject of the above is 'in the present invention' = set, having high performance that is not affected by the brightness of the surrounding environment, and having a small change in color tone when viewed from an oblique direction. In order to solve the above problems, the first present invention has the following components: The upper liquid crystal cell is configured by a pair of upper electrodes in parallel with the upper substrate on the upper substrate, and a transparent upper liquid crystal layer; the material is sealed in a layered lower liquid crystal cell , a lower substrate which is disposed in parallel with each other, a pair of lower electrodes parallel to the lower substrate between the lower substrate of 320849 5 201022777, and a flat transparent liquid crystal on the lower side of the pair of lower jaws In the layer configuration, the layered surface is sealed between the joints, and the upper liquid is formed on the normal line of the upper substrate of the upper liquid crystal cell: spin: ===: == And the lower side liquid crystal constituting the lower liquid crystal layer of the lower liquid crystal layer is twisted in the first direction and located in the second twist direction.

The electrode of the lower electrode is a pattern electrode having a plurality of desired patterns in the entire periphery (for example, the outer circumference 胄 (10) in the embodiment (for example, the pattern 1 in the embodiment). 2) The other one of the pair of upper electrodes and the pair of lower electrodes immediately holds at least a part of the upper liquid crystal molecules or at least a part of the lower liquid liquid: a sub-portion. Or displaying the entire display area in a dark display, and controlling each of the plurality of pattern electrodes by applying a voltage, and displaying the desired pattern in a darkness opposite to the entire display area, and The other electrode application voltage ' changes the alignment direction of at least a part of the upper liquid crystal molecules or the alignment direction of at least a part of the lower liquid crystal molecules to be parallel

The light and dark display of at least a part of the display area and at least a part of the desired pattern is reversed in the direction of the normal line of the upper substrate or the direction parallel to the normal line of the lower substrate. In the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration, the first twist direction and the second twist direction are opposite directions, and the twist angle of the 6 320849 201022777 _ toward the upper liquid crystal molecule and the music in the lower crystal molecule The torsion angle of the twisting direction is preferably 9 degrees. Further, in the liquid crystal display of the above-described configuration, the upper liquid 4 in the vicinity of the lower end of the upper liquid crystal layer is ==: the direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 90 degrees or the direction of the opposite direction is good, and the composition of the liquid crystal molecules is lower. The liquid crystal display device φ , . -Λ , , the pretilt angle of the upper liquid crystal molecules near the c-end; the pretilt angle of the lower liquid crystal = near the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer has the opposite direction and is slightly the same size An angle at which the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the lower liquid crystal molecules located near the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer is opposite to the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer, and the angle of the pretilt angle is opposite and slightly the same size is preferable. . Further, in the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration, the upper electrode and the pair of lower electrodes are preferably formed of a transparent germanium electrode such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is characterized in that: the upper liquid crystal cell is composed of a pair of transparent upper substrates arranged in parallel with each other, and an upper liquid crystal layer sealed in a layer between the pair of upper substrates. The liquid crystal cell of the lower side is composed of a pair of transparent lower substrates arranged in parallel with each other and a lower liquid crystal layer sealed in a layer between the pair of lower substrates, and is joined to the upper side. The bottom surface of the liquid crystal cell; 320849 7 201022777 The upper polarizing plate penetrates the linear polarized light of the predetermined transmission axis direction and is joined to the top surface of the upper liquid crystal cell; and the lower polarizing plate linearly polarizes the predetermined transmission axis direction It penetrates and is joined to the bottom surface of the aforementioned lower liquid crystal cell. At this time, the upper liquid crystal molecules constituting the upper liquid crystal layer are twisted in the first twist direction along the spiral axis parallel to the normal line of the upper substrate, and are located in the first twist direction, and constitute the lower liquid crystal layer. The side liquid crystal molecules are twisted in a second twist direction along a thread parallel to the normal line of the lower substrate, and are located in the = direction of rotation, and the second torsion direction is opposite to the second twist direction: the upper side The upper liquid side near the upper end of the liquid crystal layer == the pretilt angle ' of the lower liquid helium knife located near the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer' is located below the upper liquid crystal layer The vicinity of the upper end of the pretilt layer of the crystallite molecule is hidden before the lower side of the upper liquid crystal layer. The alignment direction of the upper side of the upper liquid crystal layer is opposite to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the arrow, +, and hard day. The lower side door in the vicinity of the upper end of the crystal layer is formed in a direction opposite to 180 degrees. In the liquid crystal display device of the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device, the second twisting direction of the liquid molecules toward the front side is twisted (four degrees) and the center side liquid crystal Preferably, the liquid crystal molecules having a degree of rotation of 90 degrees or more are preferably the same as the upper liquid crystal molecules and the lower side of the foregoing. The torsion (four) Μ of the refractive characteristics of the 胄 is more than 32 〇 849 8 201022777 Further, in the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration, the predetermined transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate and the alignment direction of the upper liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the upper end of the upper liquid crystal layer, and the pre-polarization of the lower polarizing plate are included. The direction of the transmission axis is preferably parallel to at least one of the alignment directions of the lower liquid crystal molecules located in the vicinity of the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer. [Effect of the Invention] According to the liquid crystal display device related to the first aspect of the invention, A simple method of applying a voltage to the other electrode instantaneously changes the alignment direction of the upper liquid crystal molecules held by the other ® electrode or the alignment direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules to a direction parallel to the normal of the upper substrate, Or parallel to the direction of the normal of the lower substrate. According to this, at least a part of the entire display area can be made according to the brightness of the surrounding environment. The light and dark display of at least a part of the display pattern is appropriately inverted, and the brightness and darkness of the display area and the desired pattern are clearly displayed (contrast), and are not affected by the brightness of the surrounding environment, and are always highly visually confirmable. Liquid crystal display is possible. Q In this device, if the first twisting direction and the second twisting direction are opposite directions, and the twisting angle of the first twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules toward the upper side and the second twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules facing downward When the twist angle is 90 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less and less than 180 degrees, the illumination light incident on each liquid crystal layer is not twisted in the incident polarization direction and does not emit the liquid crystal layers, and thus the liquid crystal display is used. It is possible to perform a clear (contrast high) display of the device. Further, if the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the upper side near the lower end of the upper liquid crystal layer and the alignment direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules located near the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer are 90 degrees Or in the opposite direction of 180 degrees, near the lower end of the upper liquid layer 9 320849 201022777 and the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer Points, even if illumination light obliquely traverses the liquid crystal molecules, can also compensate for the effects of birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules from. Further, the illumination light emitted from the liquid crystal display device can be emitted in a state of linearly polarized light without changing to elliptically polarized light. Therefore, the difference in brightness and contrast between the entire display area and the desired pattern can be clearly displayed, and liquid crystal display with high visual confirmation is possible. Further, liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the upper end of the upper liquid crystal layer and the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer, and liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the lower end of the upper liquid crystal layer and the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer have opposite directions and are slightly the same size. In the tilting angle, the illumination light traveling obliquely (when the liquid crystal display device is viewed obliquely), the phase difference generated in one of the upper liquid crystal layer and the upper liquid crystal layer can be made by the liquid crystal on the other side. The completely opposite phase differences given in the layers cancel each other out. Therefore, the illumination light obliquely emitted by the liquid crystal display device does not have a phase difference, and can be displayed without a change in color tone as compared with the illumination light that travels straight. Further, the pair of upper electrodes and the pair of lower electrodes are configured by using ΙΤ0 electrodes, and can be configured to be transparent, whereby the progress of the illumination light penetrating the electrodes is not hindered. Therefore, in the upper liquid crystal cell and the lower liquid crystal cell, the illumination light is not attenuated and is emitted by the liquid crystal display device, and the difference between the display area and the desired pattern can be clearly displayed, and the high visibility can be performed. Confirmatory LCD display. Further, according to the liquid crystal display device of the second aspect of the invention, the first twist direction of the upper liquid crystal molecules is opposite to the second twist direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal molecules of the upper side near the upper end of the upper liquid crystal layer are 10 320849 201022777 Pretilt angle and pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules on the lower side of the lower liquid crystal layer, and pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules on the upper side near the end of the upper liquid crystal layer and below the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer The pre-equivalent angle of the side liquid crystal molecules is constituted by an angle having a reverse direction and a slightly the same size, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules located near the lower end of the upper liquid crystal layer is lower than the vicinity of the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is formed in a direction opposite to 180 degrees. That is, the upper liquid crystal layer and the lower liquid crystal layer are vertically symmetrically arranged. According to the above configuration, for example, when the illumination light travels obliquely upward from the lower side to the liquid crystal display device, the phase difference given in the lower liquid crystal layer is given in the upper liquid crystal layer and is generated in the lower liquid crystal layer. The phase difference of the phase difference is completely opposite, and the phase difference can be canceled (compensated with each other). Therefore, the illumination light traveling in the oblique direction is emitted from the liquid crystal display device without a phase difference. Therefore, in the case where the liquid crystal display device is viewed obliquely, it is difficult to cause a change in color tone. In the device, the twisting angle of the first twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules toward the upper side and the twisting angle of the first twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules toward the lower side are g〇 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less and less than 180 degrees. On the other hand, the illumination light incident on each liquid crystal layer is not twisted in the incident polarization direction and does not emit the liquid crystal layers, so that the liquid crystal display device can perform vivid display. Further, a temperature change occurs in the upper liquid crystal layer and the lower liquid crystal layer in the two liquid crystal layers (two liquid crystal molecules), and if a chiral materiai is provided which slightly maintains the pitch (Pitch) of the liquid crystal molecules, Then, even if the temperature difference of the two liquid crystal layers is changed, since the twist pitch of the molecules is kept slightly the same, the above-mentioned upper liquid crystal = 320849 11 201022777 and the lower symmetrical structure above the lower liquid crystal layer are maintained, and travel in the oblique direction. According to the photograph, the bright light is emitted from the liquid crystal display device without a phase difference, so that the color tone change can be made more difficult when the liquid crystal display device is viewed obliquely. Further, 'if the predetermined transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate is opposite to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the upper side near the upper end of the upper liquid crystal layer, and the predetermined transmission axis direction of the lower polarizing plate and the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer When at least one of the alignment directions of the lower liquid crystal molecules is formed in parallel, the predetermined light is transmitted only when the illumination light is incident on the upper side of the upper polarizing plate which is formed slightly parallel or the lower side of the lower polarizing plate. After the linearly polarized light in the axial direction travels in the upper liquid crystal cell and the lower liquid crystal cell, it can be emitted by the liquid crystal display device, and a clear display without circular polarization can be performed. [Embodiment] ▲ Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 . In addition, in order to facilitate the convenience of the month, the directions of the arrows shown in the respective figures are described as front, rear, left, and right, and upward and downward directions. As shown in Fig. i, the liquid crystal display device i is mainly composed of a backlight 2, a lower polarizing plate 3, an upper polarizing plate 4, a reverse control liquid crystal cell 1〇, and a display liquid cell 30. The liquid crystal cell 1 is reversely controlled to form a flat plate by the substrate U, the alignment film 12a, the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b, the sealing member 14, the AC power source 16, the switching switch, and the liquid crystal layer 20. The liquid crystal layer 2 is formed by laminating liquid crystal molecules having a regular alignment direction, and has a birefringence in the short axis direction and no double 12 320849 201022777 in the long axis direction. Refractive optically uniaxial birefringent crystals. An optically active material having a pitch for controlling the twist of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the nematic liquid crystal is added to the twisted nematic liquid crystal material. Further, as the optically active material, for example, optically active nematic liquid crystal or cholesteric liquid crystal is used. The alignment films 12a and 12b are subjected to alignment treatment (rubbing treatment) on one side thereof. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 20 are aligned in such a direction that their major axes coincide. Further, the liquid crystal molecules are formed to have a pretilt angle of about 2 to 1 Torr to the surface of the alignment film 12. Further, the pretilt angle is determined by the materials of the alignment films 12a and 12b and the liquid crystal molecules. The transparent electrodes 13a and 13b are formed of, for example, a flat electrode and a transparent electrode by adding a small amount of tin oxide to indium oxide, and a voltage can be applied from the outside. The parent current source 16 is electrically connected to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b, and a voltage can be applied throughout the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b. The changeover switch is provided in a circuit electrically connecting the transparent electrodes 13a, 13b and the AC power source 16. By turning the switch 17 on or off, it is possible to arbitrarily switch whether or not the voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13a, 13b through the AC power source 16. The substrate 11 is a planar substrate formed using, for example, transparent glass, and is capable of transmitting illumination light irradiated by the backlight 2. The sealing member 14 is formed of a material that does not penetrate liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 20, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid are prevented from flowing out to the outside by the sealing member 14, and the inflow of pollutants from the outside is prevented. The liquid crystal layer is 2 〇. The liquid crystal cells 30 are formed in a flat plate shape by the substrate 31, the alignment films 32a and 32b, the lower transparent electrodes 33a and 35a, the upper transparent electrodes 33b and 35b, the sealing member 34, the parent current source 36, and the liquid crystal layer 40. The liquid crystal layer 40 is formed using a twisted nematic liquid crystal material in the same manner as the liquid layer 20 320849 201022777, and an optically active material is added to the twisted nematic liquid crystal material. Here, the characteristics and the amount of addition of the optically active material are adjusted, and when the temperature of the liquid crystal layer changes, the change in the twist pitch of the liquid crystal molecules (the temperature characteristic of the liquid crystal) is equal between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the liquid crystal layer 40. The alignment films 32a and 32b are formed by rubbing treatment as described above with the alignment film 12. Each of the moon-transparent electrodes 33a, 33b, 35a, and 35b is formed by a transparent conductive film, and the lower transparent electrode 35a and the upper transparent electrode 35b are provided in plurality.

The desired pattern is formed, and the voltage application control from the AC power source 36 is performed for each electrode to display the pattern in black and white. The substrate illusion is, for example, a planar, earth plate formed of transparent glass and permeable to illumination light illuminated by the backlight 2. The sealing member 34 is formed like the upper sealing member 14 in such a manner that the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 4 are impermeable. The AC power source 36 and the transparent electrode and the transparent electrode are electrically charged. The voltage is applied to the lower transparent electrode and the mother of the upper transparent electrode. The polarizing plate 3 is a linear polarizing plate which can penetrate only the linearly polarized light having the lower two directions in the transmission axis direction shown in Fig. 3. The upper polarizing plates 4 and 4a are formed of a linear polarizing plate which is formed to penetrate only the light having the transmission direction of the third (fourth) transmission axis. The backlight 2 is a light source that illuminates the illumination light from the lower side of the lower deflecting plate 3. The explanation is given for the component configuration of the liquid crystal display device 1 and the assembly configuration of the display U 1 to explain the assembly configuration of the reverse control liquid crystal cell 10, and 320849 14 201022777 reversely controls the liquid crystal cell 10 A region in which the liquid crystal layer 20 is formed is formed by arranging the two substrates 11 on the upper and lower sides and surrounding the front and rear and left and right sides of the space held by the two substrates 11 by the sealing member 14. Further, a transparent electrode 13a is fixed to the top surface of the substrate 11 at the lower position, and an alignment film 12a is fixed to the top surface of the transparent electrode 13a. On the other hand, a transparent electrode 13b is fixed to the bottom surface of the upper substrate 11, and an alignment film 12b is fixed to the bottom surface of the transparent electrode 13b. Further, the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b are arranged in pairs and opposed to each other and are paired. Further, as described above, the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b ® are electrically connected to the AC power source 16. The direction of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 12a is, for example, parallel to the direction indicated by the arrow 21a in the front-rear and left-right directions as shown in Fig. 3, and the direction of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 12b is, for example, parallel to the arrow. The direction shown in 26a. Further, the rubbing treatment directions of the respective alignment films 12a and 12b are at an angle of 90 degrees in the front-rear and left-right directions. In Fig. 5(b), a part of the upper φ downward direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 20 is schematically shown by the liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26. Further, the alignment direction (long-axis direction) of the liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26 in the front-rear and left-right directions is shown in Fig. 4(b), and the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules 21, 22, ... correspond to the directions of the arrows 21a, 22a, ..., respectively. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules 21 and 26 located closest to the alignment films 12a and 12b are fixed by being aligned with the rubbing treatment direction, and these alignment directions are parallel to the rubbing treatment directions of the alignment films 12a and 12b. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 22 located below have a major axis direction which is slightly parallel to the direction of the arrow 21a, and the liquid crystal molecules 25 located above have a long axis direction slightly parallel to the direction of the arrow 26a by 15 320849 201022777 rows. In other words, when the entire liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26 are viewed from above, their alignment directions are rotated clockwise by 90 degrees in the front, rear, left and right directions, and the directions are changed little by little and twisted. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 21 and / 26 located closest to the alignment films 12a and 12b are in the left and right up and down directions as shown in Fig. 5(b), and are parallel to the rubbing direction and inclined (pretilt angle) on the substrate surface. fixed. In the right and left up and down directions, the liquid crystal molecules 21 are inclined at a pretilt angle θ 1 with respect to the alignment film 12a, and the liquid crystal molecules 26 are inclined at a pretilt angle < 92 with respect to the alignment film 12b. The liquid crystal molecules 22 to 25 are arranged such that the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the lower portion of the liquid crystal layer 2 are in the upper liquid crystal molecules 25, and the tilt angle is gradually changed from slightly to slightly Θ 2 in the left and right vertical directions. Next, the assembly configuration of the liquid crystal cells 30 will be described. The basic configuration is the same as the reverse control of the liquid crystal cells 10, and the two substrates 31 are disposed above and below, and the front and rear and left and right sides of the space held by the two substrates 3 are surrounded by the sealing member 34 to form liquid crystal. The area of the layer 4 〇. Further, a transparent electrode 33a and a crucible 35a are fixed to the top surface of the substrate 31 located below, and a transparent electrode 3 is fixed to the bottom surface of the substrate 31 located above, where the transparent electrodes 33a and 33b and the transparent electrode 35& It is the knives that are placed up and down and arranged in pairs. Here, as described above, the transparent electrode and 35b are electrically connected to the AC power source 36. Further, an alignment film 32a is fixed to the top surface of the transparent electrode tearing 35a, and an alignment film 32b is fixed to the north surface of the transparent electrode 3. Further, the 'reverse control liquid crystal cell 1' is slightly the same as the thickness of the liquid crystal cell 30 in the up and down direction. The direction of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 32a is parallel to the direction indicated by, for example, the arrow 41a in the right direction as shown in FIG. 3, and the direction of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 32b becomes parallel to, for example, for example, in the right and left directions 320849 16 201022777. The direction shown by arrow 46a. Further, the rubbing treatment direction of each of the alignment films 32a and 32b is at an angle of 90 degrees in the front-rear and left-right directions. In Fig. 5(a), a part of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are arranged in the vertical direction by the liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46. Further, the alignment direction (long-axis direction) of the liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46 in the front-rear and left-right directions is shown in FIG. 4(a), and the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules 41, 42... correspond to the directions of the arrows 41a and 42a, respectively. The liquid crystal molecules 41 and 46 located closest to the alignment films 32a and 32b are aligned with and fixed in the rubbing treatment direction, whereby the alignment directions are parallel to the rubbing treatment directions of the alignment films 32a and 32b. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 42 located below have a longitudinal direction which is slightly parallel to the direction of the arrow 41a, and the liquid crystal molecules 45 located above are slightly parallel to the direction of the arrow 46a. In other words, when the entire liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46 are viewed from above, the alignment direction is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise in the front-back direction and the direction is changed and twisted little by little. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 41 and 46 located closest to the alignment films 32a and 32b are fixed in the left and right vertical directions as shown in Fig. 5(a), in a state parallel to the rubbing direction and inclined (pretilt angle) on the substrate surface. . In the right and left up and down directions, the liquid crystal molecules 41 are inclined at a pretilt angle 0 3 to the alignment film 32a, and the liquid crystal molecules 46 are inclined at a pretilt angle Θ4 to the alignment film 32b. The liquid crystal molecules 42 to 45 are arranged such that the liquid crystal molecules 42 from the lower portion of the liquid crystal layer 40 to the upper liquid crystal molecules 45 are gradually changed from slightly 0 to 3 in the left and right vertical directions. 17 320849 201022777 Next, the assembly configuration of the liquid crystal display device 构成 which is configured by using the above-described reverse control liquid crystal cell and display liquid crystal cell 30 will be described. In a state in which the liquid crystal cell 30 is fixed on the top surface of the inversion control liquid crystal cell 10, the two liquid crystal cells fixed by the upper polarizing plate 4 are supported by the lower polarizing plate 4 from above. At this time, as shown in Fig. 3, the transmission axis direction 3a of the lower polarizing plate 3 and the rubbing treatment direction 21a of the alignment film 12a (liquid crystal)

The alignment direction of the molecules 21 is slightly the same, and the transmission axis direction 4a of the upper polarizing plate 4 and the rubbing treatment direction 46a of the alignment film 32b (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 46) are rotated by 9 degrees. Further, the rubbing treatment direction 26a of the alignment film 12b (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 26) and the rubbing treatment direction 41a (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 41) of the alignment film 32a are parallel to each other and opposite directions (direction of the rotation degree). .

Further, 'pretilt angles 1 and 04, pretilt angles 02 and 03 become slightly the same angle' and liquid crystal molecules 22 and 45, liquid crystal molecules 23 and Μ liquid crystal molecules 24 and 43, and liquid crystal molecules 25 and 42 each have a slight inclination. angle. Further, a backlight 2 is disposed below the lower polarizing plate 3, and the illumination light irradiated by the backlight 2 is irradiated toward the inversion control liquid crystal cell 3 (from the lower side toward the upper side). ^丁液曰Β The above is the description of the liquid crystal display device, and the display method performed by the == display device 1 will be described in the following embodiments - and the second embodiment. 4 liquid crystal is in the liquid crystal display device 1, the plate 3 is incident and is illuminated by the upper polarizing plate 4 without the upper polarizing plate 4. If the illumination light from the backlight 2 is penetrated downward, the portion is illuminated, and the opposite portion is penetrated. Becomes anything in the dark 320849 18 201022777 • Status not shown (no display). For example, a case will be described with respect to a case where a digital device 1 is formed using a displayable number 1 to 9. In the display liquid crystal cell 30 having the above configuration, seven patterns 102, 103, 104, and the pair of transparent electrodes 100 having the outer peripheral portion 101 as shown in Fig. 7 are used. The pair of transparent electrodes 100 are fixed in pairs between the lower substrate 31 and the alignment film 32a and between the upper substrate 31 and the alignment film 32b. Further, the patterns corresponding to each other on the upper and lower sides (e.g., the patterns 1 and 2 below) are electrically connected to the alternating current power source 36. By applying only the voltages to the patterns 102 and 1〇3 as described above, only the pattern 102 and the 1〇3 portion of the illumination light penetrates the 'number 2' to be brightly displayed. On the other hand, the other patterns 104 including the outer peripheral portion 101 partially illuminate the light without being penetrated and the ridge is displayed dark. In other words, the illumination portion is penetrated by applying only a voltage to the portion of the pattern which is displayed in a redundant manner, and the desired display is performed. [Embodiment 1] _ First, a description will be given of an example in which the illumination light 2a and the hexagram are displayed in the negative display shown in Fig. 1 as an example. The illumination light 2a is illumination light that is vertically moved into the transparent electrodes 33a and 33b in the liquid crystal cell 30, and the illumination light 2b is illumination light that travels up and down on the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b to which a voltage is applied. In the case of the negative display shown, the switch [ON] (of f, A, horse break 13b) does not apply a voltage to the transparent electrode by the AC power source I6 (the illumination light 2a illuminated by the backlight 2 above and below as shown in Fig. 3) It is shown that the circularly polarized light 2e is in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the line direction, but the linearly polarized light which is parallel only to the transmission axis direction 3a is incident on the reverse control liquid crystal cell 10 by penetrating the lower polarized light 32 〇 849 19 201022777 . The illumination light incident on the inversion control liquid crystal cell 1 ) travels from the lower side upward by the optical rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 20 and is along the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26 (the liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26) The long-axis direction) changes the polarization direction' while rotating clockwise in the front-rear and left-and-right directions to change only the polarization direction by 90 degrees' and in the direction of the arrow 26a as the polarization direction to invert the control liquid crystal cell 10' and is incident on the display liquid crystal cell 3' .

The illumination pupil incident on the liquid crystal cell 3 行进 is driven upward from the bottom due to the optical rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal / 0, and causes the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46 (the length of the liquid crystal molecules 4! to 46, Secondly, in the rear left and right direction, the counterclockwise rotation is performed and the polarization direction 9 is changed. "22^ plate 4. The direction of the eccentric head 46a of the illumination light 2a reaching the upper polarizing plate 4 is turned into an arrow-to-upward, and cannot When the reading direction of the axial direction 48 is orthogonal, the illumination light 2 c plate 4 is darkly displayed (not displayed) when the upper polarizing plate 4 is set to 1.

2a - Intrusion of the illumination light 2b irradiated by the surface light 2 with the above-described illumination unit 10/to the reverse control liquid crystal cell 10, the inversion control liquid is emitted and incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30. In the sixth month, the liquid crystal molecules 41 when the voltage is applied by the alternating current power source 36 to the "left and right TM liquid crystal ^b/" core alignment films 32a, 32b are attached to the rubbing treatment * a 42, 45, 46 is fixed to the alignment films 32a, 32b white... The inclination angle does not change before and after the voltage application. Further-1 320849 20 201022777 • The liquid crystal molecules 43 and 44 in the middle portion of the surface are arranged along the long axis in the vertical direction along the electric power lines generated between the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b. The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are optically uniaxial birefringent crystals having birefringence in the short axis direction and birefringence in the long axis direction. Therefore, the illumination light 2b traveling in the liquid crystal layer 40 is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules, and travels along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40. The polarization direction does not change and reaches the upper polarizing plate 4. . At this time, the polarization direction of the illumination light 2b reaching the upper polarizing plate 4 is the direction indicated by the arrow 41a. The arrow 41a is parallel to the transmission axis direction 4a of the upper polarizing plate 4, so that the illumination light 2b penetrates the upper polarizing plate 4 as a result. When the liquid crystal display device 1 is viewed from above the upper polarizing plate 4, a bright display can be seen. Further, when the illumination light 2b travels obliquely to the inversion control liquid crystal cell and the display liquid crystal cell 30, the illumination light 2b is affected by the birefringence of each liquid crystal molecule to cause a phase difference. However, in the optical path in which the illumination light travels, the liquid crystal molecules 21 and 46, the liquid crystal molecules 22 and 45, the liquid crystal molecules 25 and 42, and the liquid crystal molecules 26 and 41 respectively compensate each other (reciprocally cancel) the phase difference. . As shown in Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4), the liquid crystal molecules in the mutually compensated positional relationship are aligned directions which are opposite to each other (direction rotated by 180 degrees), and as shown in Fig. 5 (heart and As shown in Fig. 5(b), the oblique directions are opposite in the right and left vertical directions, and the inclination angles are slightly the same. Accordingly, the illumination light 2b is given to and in the liquid crystal when traveling on the liquid crystal molecules 46, for example. The phase difference generated by the molecules 21 is completely opposite, so that the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal molecules 21 is canceled. 320849 21 201022777 . The liquid crystal molecules in other mutually compensated positional relationships are also the same in each other. The phase difference generated in the reverse control liquid crystal cell is canceled by the phase difference generated in the display liquid crystal cell. Therefore, when the illumination light·b travels obliquely, the illumination light penetrating the upper polarizing plate 4 is used. There is no phase difference, so that no change in hue is produced as compared with the illumination light 2b that travels straight up and down. That is, in the negative display shown in Fig. 1, the transparent electrodes 33a, 33b are displayed in a dark manner. The transparent electrodes 35a, 35b are partially illuminated. Therefore, by using a plurality of transparent electrodes 35a, 35b to form a desired pattern, voltage control is applied to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes 35a, 35b, so that the dark display is performed. The background is brightly displayed on the desired pattern. [Embodiment 2] Next, the method of traveling the illumination lights 2c and 2d in the positive display shown in Fig. 2 will be described as an example. The illumination light 2c is in the display liquid crystal cell 30. The illumination light that travels on the portions of the transparent electrodes 33a and 33b is illuminated by the illumination light 2d in the portion of the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b that are vertically applied to the applied voltage. In the case of the positive display shown in Fig. 2, the switch is switched. When π is turned "on", the voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes i3a, 13b by the AC power source 16. The illumination light 2c irradiated by the backlight 2 becomes in the plane perpendicular to the traveling direction (vertical direction) as shown in Fig. 3 The circularly polarized light 2e is incident on the inversion control liquid crystal cell 10 by penetrating the lower polarizing plate 3 so that only the linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis direction 3a is incident. At this time, since the voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 13a and 13b, the liquid crystal layer The liquid crystal molecules in 20 are as shown in Fig. 6(b). The liquid crystal molecules 21, 22, 25, 26 in the vicinity of the alignment films 12a and 12b are fixed to the alignment by the rubbing treatment of the alignment films 12a and 12b 22 320849 201022777. On the other hand, a and 12b' are inclined before and after the application of voltage. The liquid crystal molecules 23 and 24 which are formed in the intermediate portion between the transparent electrodes 13a and i3b are arranged along the *. The liquid crystal fish in the long-axis liquid crystal layer 2 is a liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 4G is not birefringent, and travels in the liquid crystal layer 2G on the long axis. Photograph the birefringence crystallization of 11. Therefore, the influence of the radioactivity is not affected by the double folding of the liquid crystal molecules along the liquid crystal layer, and the polarization direction does not change, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell is controlled to be emitted. In the direction indicated by the arrow 21a, the cell 30 is controlled by the inversion by the inversion of the liquid crystal cell 1〇. Further, the illumination light 2c incident on the emitted illumination light 2c into the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 is changed by the liquid rotation to change the polarization direction by 9 degrees, and counterclockwise in the front, rear, left and right directions. The polarized light of the illumination light 2c of 4 is directed to the polarizing plate 4. The direction of the transmission of the upper polarizing plate head and the upper polarizing plate 4 is reached, because the arrow 2c penetrates the upper polarizing plate 4, and if the direction is parallel, the illumination light f, ^ is viewed above the polarizing plate 4 to see the liquid crystal display device. 1 is exempt from display. Further, when the illumination light 2c travels obliquely to the inversion control liquid crystal cell 1 and the liquid crystal cell 30, the illumination light 2c is affected by the birefringence of each liquid crystal molecule to cause a phase difference. However, in the optical path in which the illumination light 2c travels, as in the case of the illumination light 2b described above, the liquid crystal molecules 21 and 46, the liquid crystal molecules 22 and 45, the liquid crystal molecules 25 and 42, and the liquid crystal molecules 26 320849 23 201022777

Each of 41 and 41 has a positional relationship of mutual compensation (the mutual difference between the illumination light 2c and the illumination light 2c. Since the light 2c does not have a phase difference, the color change does not occur as compared with the illumination of the pen through the polarizing plate 4. On the other hand, after the illumination light 2d of the αη 9 ^ and the illumination light 1G which are irradiated by the backlight 2, the polarization direction is not changed in the direction of the arrow: 2la, and the reflection is reversed. The liquid crystal cell is controlled to be incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30. 照明 The illumination light 2d incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30 travels to the liquid crystal layer 4, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 become the state shown in Fig. 6 (4). As in the case of the illumination light 2b described above, the direction of the polarization direction does not change along the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and reaches the upper polarizing plate 4. At this time, the polarization direction of the illumination light 2d reaching the upper polarizing plate 4 is the arrow 21a. In the direction shown, the arrow 21a and the transmission axis direction 4a of the upper polarizing plate 4 are in a positional relationship orthogonal to each other, so that the illumination light 2 (1 cannot penetrate the upper polarizing plate 4, and the liquid crystal display device is viewed from above the upper polarizing plate 4). 1, you can see the dark display That is, the portion of the transparent electrodes 33a, 33b is brightly displayed in the positive display shown in Fig. 2. The portions of the transparent electrodes 35a, 35b are darkly displayed. Therefore, by using a plurality of transparent electrodes 35a, 35b to form a desired pattern, By applying voltage control to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes 35a, 35b, the desired pattern can be darkly displayed on the brightly displayed background. Here, the effect of the liquid crystal display device 1 relating to the present invention is succinctly integrated. In the first embodiment, the switching between the negative display and the positive display (Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2) of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present invention can be switched arbitrarily and instantaneously by operating the switch 24, and the switching switch 17 is arbitrarily and instantaneously switched. The display of the negative display and the positive display can be easily and immediately adapted according to the brightness of the surrounding environment of the liquid crystal display device 1, and can be displayed in a state of improving the contrast between the background and the display pattern, so that it is not subject to the surroundings. The liquid crystal display device 1 is mounted on a vehicle as a liquid crystal display for an automobile, for example, when the brightness of the environment is maintained. In any period of daytime and nighttime when the surrounding brightness changes, it is possible to switch between the negative display and the positive display, and to display in a state where the contrast between the background and the display pattern is improved, and the high visibility can be confirmed. Second, the illuminating light that travels obliquely to the liquid crystal molecules located at the upper and lower positions corresponding to the liquid crystal layer 20 and the liquid crystal layer 40, and the alignment liquid crystal 俾 cancels the phase difference with each other. Accordingly, the liquid crystal layer is formed as follows: The phase difference generated in 20 is canceled by the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer 40. Therefore, the illumination light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 1 does not have a phase difference, and can be displayed in a non-tone change in comparison with the straight illumination light. In other words, Q can increase the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 1. In the above embodiment, the illumination light generated in the backlight 2 is first incident on the inversion control liquid crystal cell 10, and the illumination light emitted from the inversion control liquid crystal cell 10 is incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30, but may also be The configuration is such that, after the illumination light is incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30, the illumination light emitted from the display liquid crystal cell 30 is incident on the inversion control liquid crystal cell 10. In the above-described embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 20 of the reverse control liquid crystal cell 10 are rotated clockwise in the alignment direction in the front-rear and left-right directions by 25 320 849 201022777 90 degrees, and the liquid crystal layer 4 constituting the liquid crystal cell 30 is formed. The liquid crystal molecules rotate counterclockwise in the alignment direction in the front, rear, left, and right directions. In this case, the twist direction (rotation direction) of the liquid crystal molecules is not limited to the above-described direction, and the configuration may be such that the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 2 is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees to form a liquid crystal layer. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of 40 is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Further, each of the above-described rotation angles is not limited to 90 degrees. The range of 90 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less is arbitrarily set. In the above-described embodiment, the rubbing treatment direction 26a of the alignment film 12b (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 26) and the rubbing treatment direction 41a (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 41) of the alignment film 32a are parallel to each other and opposite directions ( It is constructed by rotating 180 degrees. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the rubbing treatment direction 263 of the alignment film 12b and the rubbing treatment direction 41a of the alignment film 32a may be formed at an angle of 90 degrees. In the above embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules located at the upper and lower positions corresponding to the liquid crystal layer 2 and the liquid crystal layer 4 are aligned with each other by canceling (compensating) the phase difference. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and even in the case where the liquid crystal molecules do not completely cancel the phase difference, the visibility can be maintained by the negative display and the positive display. In the above embodiment, the transparent electrodes 13a, 13b are formed by holding a part of the liquid crystal layer 20 and are subjected to voltage application control, for example, on the outer periphery of the transparent electrodes 13a, 13b, the pattern ι ί 2, 1 At least a part of 〇3 and 104 can also perform switching between negative display and positive display. Next, another liquid crystal display device relating to the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 8. In addition, the liquid crystal display device 5 shown in Fig. 8 and the liquid crystals shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of Fig. 8 and Fig. 2 are the same as the components, and the same symbols are attached to the same components, and the S brother is omitted. Bright. The compensation liquid crystal cell 1 is formed of a flat plate shape from the substrate 11, the alignment holes 12a and 12b, the seal 4, and the liquid helium layer 2〇. The liquid crystal layer 2 is formed by laminating liquid crystal molecules having a regular alignment direction using a torsion i ship day material, and has birefringence in the short axis direction and optical birefringence in the long axis direction. Uniaxial birefringent crystals. An optically active material for controlling the pitch of the liquid crystal molecules to the nematic liquid crystal is added to the twisted nematic liquid crystal material. Further, the optically active material is described, for example, by using an optically active nematic liquid crystal or a cholesteric liquid crystal 右 right for compensating the assembled structure of the liquid crystal cells 10, and the compensating liquid crystal cell 10 is configured to have two substrates 上下 disposed on the upper and lower sides, and by the two ginseng The front and rear sides and the left and right side surfaces of the space held by the substrate 11 are surrounded by the sealing member 14 to form a region of the liquid crystal layer 20. Further, an alignment film 12a is fixed to the top surface of the substrate 11 located below, and an alignment film 12b is fixed to the bottom surface of the substrate U located above. Next, the assembly configuration of the liquid crystal display device 50 including the compensation liquid crystal cell 1 and the display liquid crystal cell 30 having the above configuration will be described. In the state in which the liquid crystal cell 30 is fixedly displayed on the top surface of the compensating liquid crystal cell 10, the lower two polarizing plates 3 are held from below, and the upper polarizing plate 4 holds the two fixed liquid crystal cells from above. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the axial direction 3a of the lower polarizing plate 3 is slightly the same as the rubbing treatment direction 21a (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 21) of the alignment film i2a, and the upper polarizing plate 4 is The transmission axis direction 4a is in a positional relationship in which the rubbing treatment direction 46a of the alignment film 32b (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 46) is rotated by 90 degrees. Further, the rubbing treatment direction 26a of the alignment film 12b (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 26) and the rubbing treatment direction 41a (the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 41) of the alignment film 32a are parallel to each other and opposite directions (direction rotated by 180 degrees). Composition. Further, the pretilt angles <91 and Θ4, the pretilt angles Θ2 and Θ3 become slightly the same angle, and the liquid crystal molecules 22 and 45, the liquid crystal molecules 23 and 44, the liquid crystal molecules 24 and 43, and the liquid crystal molecules 25 and 42 have slightly the same. Tilt angle. Further, a backlight 2 is disposed below the lower polarizing plate 3, and the illumination light irradiated by the backlight 2 is configured to be irradiated toward the compensation liquid (4) 1 () and the display liquid crystal cell 30 (from the lower side toward the upper side). Next, it will be described with respect to a display method using the above liquid crystal display device 5 (). The liquid crystal display device 5G emits illumination light from the backlight 2 by the lower polarizing plate 3 and is penetrated by the upper wire plate 4, and the working portion is illuminated to show that the portion of the illumination light that is not penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4 becomes what is in the dark. The status is not displayed (no display). For example, a transparent electric device that can display a number to 9 and = is described with respect to the case of displaying the number 1. In the display cell 30 constructed as described above, use the first? The figure shows a pattern of expansion and has a peripheral portion (8) which is formed by a transparent electrode. Between the lower substrate 31 and the alignment substrate 3 and the alignment film 32b, between the upper and lower sides, and between the upper and lower electrodes (10). Moreover, the respective patterns of the electrical connection are mutually connected to each other (for example, 320849 28 201022777 • the pattern 1 〇 2 as described above) and the AC power source 36. With the above configuration, only a voltage is applied to the patterns 1〇2 and 103, and only the pattern 102 and the 1〇3 portion of the illumination light are transmitted, and the digital 1 is brightly displayed. On the other hand, the other pattern 1 〇 4 ... including the outer peripheral portion 1 〇 1 is partially illuminated and light is not displayed. That is, it is a configuration in which the illumination light is transmitted by applying a voltage to the portion of the pattern that is desired to be brightly displayed, and the desired display is performed. Therefore, in the following, the state in which the illumination light is transmitted by the upper polarizing plate 4, the state in which the illumination light is not penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4, and the state in which the illumination light penetrating the upper polarizing plate 4 is viewed from the oblique square direction are classified into three. State to illustrate. First, the state in which the illumination light 2b is penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4 is explained. Here, the illumination light 2b is penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4 in a case where a voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b by the alternating current power source 36 (in the above-described example, portions of the patterns 102 and 103). The state in which the liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46 are tilted in the up-and-down vertical direction when the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b are applied with a voltage is shown in Fig. 6(a). As shown in Fig. 6(a), the liquid crystal molecules 41, 42, 45, 46 in the vicinity of the alignment films 32a and 32b are fixed to the alignment films 32a and 32b by the rubbing treatment of the alignment films 32a and 32b, and applied at a voltage. The front and rear tilt angle does not change. On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules 43 and 44 at the intermediate portion are arranged along the long axis in the vertical direction along the electric power lines generated between the transparent electrodes 35a and 35b. At this time, the illumination light 2b irradiated by the backlight 2 becomes circularly polarized light 2d in the plane perpendicular to the traveling direction (up-and-down direction) as shown in FIG. 9, but only by the transmission of the lower polarizing plate 3 to the transmission axis direction 3a. Parallel linearly polarized light is incident on the compensating liquid crystal cell 10. The illumination light incident on the compensation liquid crystal cell 10 travels along the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 21 to 26 from the lower side by the optical rotation of the liquid helium molecules in the liquid crystal layer 29 320849 201022777 20 (liquid crystal molecules 21, : square ^ Changing the polarization direction '-edge in the front, rear, left and right directions == changing the polarization direction by 90 degrees, and correcting the liquid crystal cell by the direction of the arrow 26a), and incident on the display liquid crystal cell 3Q. First, the liquid crystal molecules in the direction are as shown in the above-mentioned Fig. 6 (4) = up and down state 'here, the liquid crystal direction in the liquid crystal layer 4 is birefringent, and the optical axis is not normalized in the long axis direction. Axial birefringent crystals. Therefore, the daylighting light 2b travels in the long axis direction of the molecules which are not birefringent to the liquid crystal molecules, and the polarized light 2b of the polarized light 2b reaches the upper polarizing plate 4. At this time, the upper polarizing plate 4 is reached, the polarizing direction is the direction indicated by the arrow 41a, and the arrow 41a is parallel to the transmission axis direction of the optical plate 4 1 . As a result, the illumination light is applied to the upper surface of the upper polarizing plate 4 to see the liquid crystal display device 50. The bright display can be seen. In the state in which the illumination light is not penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4, the illumination light is not penetrated by the upper polarizing plate 4 into the illumination light, and the voltage is not applied by the alternating current power source 36. In the case of the transparent electrode - (the portion of the case 1Q4 in the example), and the illumination light traveling on the transparent, the pole 33a 33b is less (in the above example, the outer peripheral rigid blade) In the case where the illumination light penetrates the transparent electrodes 33a and 33b, the illumination light 2a of the Fig. 8-u 1n diagram is the same as the above illumination light when it travels within the compensation liquid crystal cell 1 30 30 ❹ 320849 201022777 t Further, the compensation liquid crystal cell 10 is emitted, and the illumination light 2a incident on the display liquid crystal cell 3 is advanced from the lower side due to the optical rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40, and causes the liquid crystal molecules 41 to 46. Torsion angle The long-axis direction of the crystal molecules 41 to 46] rotates counterclockwise in the front-rear and left-right directions and changes the polarization direction by 90 degrees to reach the upper polarizing plate 4. The polarization direction of the illumination light 2a reaching the upper polarizing plate 4 is indicated by an arrow 46a. The direction is the positional relationship between the arrow 46a and the transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate 4, so that the illumination light 2a cannot penetrate the upper polarizing plate 4, and when the liquid crystal display device 50 is viewed from above the upper polarizing plate 4, it is Dark display (no display) ^ In addition, in the case where the illumination light travels to the transparent electrodes 35a, 35b which are not applied with a voltage by the AC power source 36, the illumination light cannot penetrate the upper polarizing plate 4 and is displayed dark (no display). Next, the state of the illumination light that penetrates the upper polarizing plate 4 as seen obliquely is explained. This is to see that the liquid crystal display is turned 5 () by obliquely upward, and the two-point chain line is seen in FIG. The arrow shows the case of the oblique light 2c of the upper polarizing plate 4. The oblique illumination light 2c is a short-wheeler liquid 3 cell 10 which is applied to the liquid crystal molecules obliquely illuminated by the alternating current power source 36. In the case, the influence in the liquid crystal layer 20 produces a phase# Or the light that penetrates the oblique direction is subjected to the birefringences 21 to 26, respectively, in the left and right sides, that is, as shown in Fig. 5 (8), the liquid crystal molecules of the bright light 2c have an inherent tilt angle in the direction of the penetration compensation, and the oblique phase is oblique. In the poor state, the influence of the word birefringence of the positive cell 1G and the X-polarization direction is taken as the direction of the arrow 26a. The liquid crystal cell 10 is emitted by the compensation 320849 31 201022777. Moreover, the oblique illumination light 2c emitted by the compensation liquid crystal cell 1〇 The direction of the arrow 41a is caused to travel in the display liquid crystal cell (10) as a polarization direction. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are subjected to the above-described sixth figure by applying a voltage. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 21 and 46, the liquid crystal molecules 22 and the carrier, the liquid crystal molecules 25 and 42 and the liquid crystal molecules 26 and 41 respectively compensate each other (reciprocally cancel) the positional relationship of the above-described phase difference. As shown in Fig. 4 (3) and Fig. 4, the liquid crystal molecules of the mutually compensated positional relationship are mutually

The direction of the opposite direction (the direction rotated by 180 degrees), and as shown in Figs. 5(a) and 5(8), the direction of inclination is opposite in the left and right vertical directions, and the inclination angles are slightly the same. Therefore, the configuration is such that when the oblique light 2c travels, for example, to the liquid crystal molecules 46, a phase difference completely opposite to the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal molecules 21 is given, so that the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal molecules 21 is canceled. Similarly, in the other mutually compensated positional relationship liquid crystal molecules, the phase difference generated by the oblique illumination light 2c in the compensation liquid crystal cell is caused by the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal cell 3'. The oblique illumination light 2c is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules, and the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules travels inside the display liquid crystal cell. Thus, the phase generated by the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the alignment films 32a, 32b compensates for the phase difference generated by the liquid crystal cells 10, and the polarizing plate 4 is eliminated. Therefore, reaching the upper polarized light = plate == arrow, the arrow 2 penetrates the upper polarizing plate 4. Therefore, even if the light is illuminated by obliquely above, the solar display device 50 320849 32 201022777 . Further, since the oblique illumination light 2c penetrating the upper polarizing plate 4 does not have a phase difference as described above, the color tone is not changed as compared with the case of viewing the illumination light 2b, and it is seen that it does not occur regardless of the direction in which the liquid crystal display device 50 is viewed. Here, 'for the liquid crystal display device 5 of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules are slanted, and the liquid crystal molecules are located obliquely on the upper and lower positions of the corresponding crystal layer 20 and the liquid crystal layer 40 as described above. The oblique light 2c' of each other causes the liquid crystal alignment to cancel the phase difference from each other. Here, in particular, the composition is such that, by paying attention to and aligning the alignment direction and the oblique angle (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal molecules, the oblique illumination light is generated in the liquid crystal layer by the plaque in the liquid crystal layer 20 The phase difference of the phase difference is completely opposite, so that the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer 20 is cancelled. Therefore, the (four) light 2c emitted from the liquid crystal display does not have a phase difference 'i.e.,' and can be displayed in a non-tone change as compared with the straight traveling light 2b. In other words, the viewing angle of the two liquid crystal display devices 50 is large. Second, even in the case where the temperature changes of the liquid crystal layer 40 and the liquid crystal f 20 in the liquid crystal molecules of the two liquid crystal layers, by adding an optically active material which slightly slightly maintains the twist pitch of the two liquid crystal molecules, even In the case where the temperature of the two crystal molecules is changed (4), the twist pitch of the liquid crystal molecules is also kept slightly. Therefore, even in the case where the temperature of the two liquid crystal layers is changed, the oblique illumination light 2c which travels obliquely can maintain the liquid crystal molecules (4) which cancel each other out of phase difference. For example, when the liquid crystal display device 5 is disposed in a narrow space where the temperature is liable to be generated, the liquid crystal display device 5 易 谷 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易 易320849 33 201022777 In the above embodiment, the illumination light generated by the backlight 2 is first incident on the compensation liquid crystal cell 10, and the illumination light emitted from the compensation liquid crystal cell 10 is incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30, but may also be The following configuration is made: First, the illumination light is incident on the display liquid crystal cell 30, and the illumination light emitted from the display liquid crystal cell 30 is incident on the compensation liquid crystal cell 10. In the above embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 20 which compensates for the liquid crystal cell 10 are rotated clockwise by 90 degrees in the alignment direction in the front-rear and left-right directions. On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 40 which displays the liquid crystal cell 30 are rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees in the alignment direction in the front-rear and left-right directions. Here, the twist direction (rotation direction) of the liquid crystal molecules is not limited to the above-described direction, and may be configured such that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 20 is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees to cause liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 40. The alignment direction is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. In the above-described embodiment, only the transparent electrode is assembled to display the liquid crystal cell 30, but the configuration is not limited thereto. For example, the transparent electrode is assembled by displaying both the liquid crystal cell 30 and the compensation liquid crystal cell 10, and the above Comparing the situation of the embodiment, it can display twice the information. In the above embodiment, although it is displayed as a light and dark display (black and white display), color can be formed by inserting a color filter between the alignment films 32a and 32b of the liquid crystal cell 30 and the transparent electrodes. display. In the above-described embodiment, although the alignment film 32a, 32b, 12a, and 12b are assembled in the liquid crystal cell 30 and the compensation liquid crystal cell 10, and the liquid crystal molecules have a pretilt angle (2 to 10 degrees), it is not limited to this configuration. For example, liquid 34 320849 201022777 crystal molecules do not have a pretilt angle (pretilt angle is 0 degrees). In general, the display method of a liquid crystal display device includes a segment, a display, a dot matrix display, and the like. The liquid crystal display device 50 according to the present invention is configured by using a segment display, and can be remarkably obtained. The efficacy of the invention with less tonal variations and a wide viewing angle. In the above-described embodiment, the retardation film may be attached to one side of the upper polarizing plate 4 and one side of the lower polarizing plate 3 or one side of one of the upper polarizing plate 4 and the lower polarizing plate 3. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device (negative display) according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a side sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device (shown in the front view) relating to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the alignment direction of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. g Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram showing the alignment of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell, and (b) is a pattern showing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell in the reverse direction control. Fig. 5(a) is a pattern diagram showing the oblique direction of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell, and Fig. 5(b) is a schematic view showing the tilt direction of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell in the reverse direction control. Fig. 6(a) is a schematic view showing the direction in which the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell is tilted when voltage is applied, and Fig. 6(b) is a schematic view showing the direction in which the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell is tilted when the voltage is applied. 35 320849 201022777 Fig. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a transparent electrode. Fig. 8 is a side sectional view showing another liquid crystal display device (tone change compensation) relating to the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the direction of alignment of another liquid crystal display device relating to the present invention. Fig. 10 is a side sectional view showing a conventional liquid crystal display device. Fig. 11 is a view showing a mode of alignment of a conventional liquid crystal display device. [Main component symbol description] 1, 50, 200 liquid crystal display device 2 backlight 2a, 2b, 2d illumination light 2c oblique illumination light 2 e circularly polarized light 3 lower polarizing plate 4 upper polarizing plate 10 reverse control liquid crystal cell (lower liquid crystal cell 11 Substrate (lower substrate) 12a, 12b Alignment film 13a, 13b Transparent electrode (lower electrode) 14, 34, 234 Sealing member 16 AC power supply 17 Switching switch 20 Liquid crystal layer (lower liquid crystal layer) 21 to 26 liquid crystal molecules 26a The rubbing treatment direction of the alignment film 12b 30 shows the liquid crystal cell (upper liquid crystal cell) 31 substrate (upper substrate) 32a, 32b alignment film 33a, 33b, 35a, 35b transparent electrode 36 320849 201022777 34 sealing member 36 AC power source 40 liquid crystal layer ( Upper liquid crystal layer) ·. 41 to 46 Liquid crystal molecules 41a to 46a Arrow ♦ 60 Liquid crystal compensation cell 100 Transparent electrode (upper electrode) 101 Outer peripheral portion (all electrodes) 102, 103, 104 Pattern (pattern electrode) 202 Backlight 202a ' 202b Illumination light 202c oblique illumination light 203, 204 polarizing plate © 203a, 204a transmission axis direction 230 liquid crystal cell 231 substrate 232 alignment film 233, 235 transparent electrode 234 dense Parent flow supply member 236 liquid crystal layer 240 to 241,246 arrow θ 1 angle 37320849 Precured

Claims (1)

201022777 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A liquid crystal display device having the following components: an upper liquid crystal cell, an upper substrate disposed in parallel with each other, and a flat plate disposed in parallel with the upper substrate between the upper substrate and the upper substrate a pair of transparent upper electrodes and an upper liquid crystal layer sealed in a layered shape between the pair of upper electrodes; and a lower liquid crystal cell, the lower substrate disposed in parallel with each other, on the lower side a pair of flat transparent pair of lower electrodes arranged in parallel with the lower substrate and a lower liquid crystal layer sealed in a meandering layer between the pair of lower electrodes, and are bonded to each other a bottom surface of the upper liquid crystal cell, characterized in that: the upper liquid crystal molecules constituting the upper liquid crystal layer are twisted in a first twist direction along a spiral axis parallel to a normal line of the upper substrate, and are located in a first twist direction, and constitute the lower portion The lower liquid crystal molecules of the side liquid crystal layer are twisted in the second © twisting direction along the spiral axis parallel to the normal line of the lower substrate, and are located in the second twisting direction. One of the pair of upper electrodes and the pair of lower electrodes has a plurality of pattern electrodes forming a desired pattern among the entire electrodes forming the entire display region, and the pair of upper electrodes and the pair of lower electrodes The other one of the electrodes holds at least a portion of the upper liquid crystal molecule or at least a portion of the lower liquid crystal molecule, and displays the display region by a bright display or a dark display. 38 320849 201022777 #体' is controlled by applying voltage Each of the plurality of pattern electrodes displays the desired pattern in a light-dark display opposite to the entire display area, 'by applying a voltage to the other electrode, orienting at least a portion of the upper liquid crystal molecules or The alignment direction of at least a portion of the lower liquid crystal molecules is changed to a direction parallel to a normal to the upper substrate or a direction parallel to a normal to the lower substrate, so that at least a portion of the entire display region and the desired pattern At least a portion of the light and dark display is reversed. The liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein the first twisting direction and the second twisting direction are opposite directions, and the twisting angle toward the first twisting direction of the upper liquid crystal molecules The twist angle of the second twist direction in the lower liquid crystal molecules is 90 degrees or more and less than 180 degrees. 3. The liquid crystal display device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the φ alignment direction of the upper liquid crystal molecule located near the lower end of the upper liquid crystal layer and the vicinity of the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer The alignment direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules is 9 degrees or 180 degrees opposite directions. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pretilt angle of the upper liquid crystal molecule located near an upper end of the upper liquid crystal and a lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer The pretilt angle of the lower liquid crystal molecule in the vicinity has an opposite direction and a slightly equal angle, and the pretilt angle of the upper liquid crystal molecule located near the lower side of the upper liquid crystal layer is adjacent to the upper end of the lower liquid crystal. The underside liquid 320849 39 201022777 The pretilt angle of the crystal molecules has the opposite direction and is slightly 5. As the patent application range 帛η is the same size angle. In the above, the _ is formed by a transparent electrode such as a liquid crystal display of the upper side. The ten lower electrodes are used. One type has the following components - the side liquid cells are arranged in parallel with each other + the pair of upper substrates - two:: the lower liquid crystal cell (four) the parallax parallel matching substrate, and a lower liquid crystal layer which is layered between the lower substrates, and is bonded to the bottom surface of the upper liquid crystal cell; the upper polarizing plate penetrates and is bonded by linear polarized light in a predetermined transmission axis direction a top surface of the upper liquid crystal cell; and a lower polarizing plate that penetrates a linear polarized light in a predetermined transmission axis direction and is bonded to a bottom surface of the lower liquid crystal cell, and is characterized in that: the upper liquid crystal is configured The upper liquid crystal molecules of the layer are twisted in the first twist direction along the spiral axis parallel to the normal line of the upper substrate and are located in the first twist direction, and the lower liquid crystal molecules constituting the lower liquid crystal layer are parallel The twisting shaft of the normal line of the lower substrate is twisted in the second twisting direction and is located in the second twisting direction. The first twisting direction and the second twisting direction are opposite directions, and are located on the upper liquid crystal layer. The pretilt angle of the upper liquid crystal molecule in the vicinity and the pretilt angle of the lower liquid crystal molecule located near the -f end of the lower liquid crystal layer have opposite angles and slightly the same size, 40 320849 201022777 / located in the upper liquid crystal layer The pretilt angle of the upper liquid crystal molecule near the lower end and the pretilt angle of the lower liquid crystal molecule located near the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer have an angle of a slight magnitude in the opposite direction, # is located in the upper liquid crystal layer The alignment direction of the upper liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the lower end is opposite to the alignment direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules located in the vicinity of the upper end of the lower liquid crystal layer by 18 degrees. 7. The liquid crystal display device of claim 6, wherein a twist angle of the first twist direction toward the upper liquid crystal molecule and a twist angle of the second twist direction toward the lower side liquid crystal molecule are 9 degrees or more than 9 degrees and less than 180 degrees. 8. The liquid crystal display device of claim 6 or 7, wherein the upper liquid crystal molecules and the lower liquid crystal molecules are composed of twisted nematic liquid crystals having the same birefringence characteristic. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a predetermined transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate is located on the upper side of the upper liquid crystal layer The alignment direction of the side liquid crystal ♦ and the predetermined transmission axis direction of the lower polarizing plate are slightly parallel to at least one of the alignment directions of the lower liquid crystal molecules located near the lower end of the lower liquid crystal layer. 320849 41