201020020 六、發明說明： . 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種用於將冶金設備的烟氣淨化的方法， 此外本發明關於一種烟氣淨化裝置。 【先前技術】 在一冶金設備（例如在一轉爐或一電爐）中產生的烟 豢乳須在排放到周圍環境中之前充分地除塵，以避免環境污 染。為此，習知技術有使用濕洗器者（例如德專利DE 1 176099 B)，為此可用各種不同的構造方式。利用這類洗 氣器可將烟氣除塵。 如行家所知，該BAUMCO洗器，係一種濕除塵系統的 典型廠牌，例如在吹氧轉爐自從好幾十年來已被使用。原 理上，廢氣淨化分二階段實施，其中在第一階段在一所謂 的冷部器（熄火器）（Quenscher)將粗的灰塵藉著將水喷 參灑到氣流中而沈降出來，而在第二階段中作細淨化，利用 氣體與洗用水構成的旋風流混合物在一特別設計的洗器單 元中實施。 在環形縫隙洗器（它同樣一如行家所習知係長時以來 用在冶金設備的烟氣除塵方面）中，一般熱水與熱氣共同 地同向流過一管並由#氣體冑可帶走的熱吸走，#此形成 大量蒸氣，且該氣體富含水蒸氣至少一近乎一直到其飽和 限，為止。如此’被氣體一齊帶動的超微粒子被潤濕成大 、P刀JL在隨後階段中水冷凝時，用於當作水滴形成的 3 201020020 核胞。在此’粒子和水滴一起在冷凝液中析出。 如不用此方式，還有另一習知方式使用靜電式塵分離 器作除塵。這類電過濾器有二種構造方式：在乾式電過濾 器的場合，烟氣在一調整塔中藉著汽化而受冷卻以及調 節。然後將灰塵用靜電方式析出，析出的灰塵在此方法變 更例係呈乾燥方式產生《在析出器中所需之電極利用機械 式拍落（Klopfen)達成。 在這二方法變更例，如果烟氣有足夠大的化學熱值， 則可將淨化過的烟氣收集以作進一步使用。為此，在轉爐 鋼廠的場合，有一乾燥電過濾器，例如所謂的Lurgi_Thyssen 鋼氣體方法。在此使用圓形構造方式的乾式電過渡器將廢 氣淨化。利用此電過濾器類型，在應用氣體中所需之低淨 化氣體塵量可毫無問題地達成，纟中這種用鋼氣體方法相 較於傳統洗器系統才有決定性的優點，亦即：能量需求較 小、灰塵乾燥地析出、且熱的成本报低。 ， 此外，人們知道使用濕式電過濾器以將烟氣淨化。在 濕式電過濾器的場合，廢氣在第一步驟中在一調節塔中一 直冷卻到飽和溫度，然後同樣地用靜電方式將粒子^ 電極利用沖刷淨化。 這些習知烟氣淨化方法有各種不同的缺點： 在使用洗氣器的情形，過濾過的烟氣的淨化程 格極限值很難達成且由於所需的差分壓 機能量。在使用電過慮器的情形，需要繁複Si:;: 點火的氣體的特別應用情形。 ’、了 201020020 此外，在乾式電過滤器中析出的灰塵會自燃引火 (pyrophor) ^因此在電極上會造成燜燒，這點使電極的使 用壽命對應地減少，對於濕式過濾器而言，它基本上不適 合高量灰塵的負荷。 【發明内容】 因此本發明的目的在於將上述種類的方法改進以及提 供一種烟氣淨化裝置，藉之可使烟氣除塵的極限值較不嚴 苛，這點須能在一種節省能量的操作方式達成。此外，須 利用簡單的構造方式將㈣位準保㈣量低並將維護成本 降低。 此目的係利用本發明達成，其特徵在以下方法步 a) 將，烟氣導入一洗氣器，其—將該烟氣流與一液體（特 別是水）接觸，以將粒子從烟氣帶人該液體中，利用 重力下沈及用水潤濕，201020020 VI. Description of the Invention: 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for purifying flue gas of a metallurgical plant, and further to a flue gas purification device. [Prior Art] Tobacco sputum produced in a metallurgical apparatus (e.g., in a converter or an electric furnace) is sufficiently dedusted before being discharged into the surrounding environment to avoid environmental pollution. For this purpose, the prior art has the use of a wet scrubber (for example, German Patent No. 1 176099 B), for which various different configurations are possible. This type of scrubber can be used to remove dust. As known to the expert, the BAUMCO scrubber is a typical label for a wet dust removal system, for example in oxygen blowing converters that have been used for decades. In principle, the exhaust gas purification is carried out in two stages, in which in the first stage a coarse dust is deposited by a so-called cold box (Quenscher) by spraying the water spray into the air stream, and In a two-stage purification, the cyclone mixture consisting of gas and wash water is carried out in a specially designed scrubber unit. In the annular gap washer (which is also used in the flue gas dedusting of metallurgical equipment since the expert is known), generally hot water and hot gas flow together in the same direction and are taken away by #gas. The heat is sucked away, which forms a large amount of vapor, and the gas is rich in water vapor at least until it reaches its saturation limit. Thus, the ultrafine particles driven by the gas are wetted to a large size, and the P knife JL is used as a water droplet formed 3 201020020 nucleus when water condenses in a subsequent stage. Here, the particles and water droplets are precipitated together in the condensate. If this is not the case, there is another conventional method of using an electrostatic dust separator for dust removal. There are two ways of constructing such an electric filter: in the case of a dry electric filter, the flue gas is cooled and adjusted by vaporization in an adjustment tower. The dust is then electrostatically precipitated, and the precipitated dust is produced in a dry manner in this method. The electrode required in the separator is achieved by mechanical smashing. In the two method variants, if the flue gas has a sufficiently large chemical calorific value, the purified flue gas can be collected for further use. For this reason, in the case of a converter steel plant, there is a dry electric filter, such as the so-called Lurgi_Thyssen steel gas method. The waste gas is purified here using a dry electrical transitioner of circular construction. With this type of electric filter, the amount of low-purified gas dust required in the application gas can be achieved without problems, and the steel gas method has a decisive advantage over the conventional scrubber system, namely: The energy demand is small, the dust is deposited dry, and the cost of heat is low. In addition, it is known to use a wet electric filter to purify the flue gas. In the case of a wet electric filter, the exhaust gas is cooled to a saturation temperature in a conditioning tower in the first step, and then the particles are electrostatically cleaned by scouring. These conventional flue gas cleaning methods have various disadvantages: In the case of a scrubber, the purge rate limit of the filtered flue gas is difficult to achieve and due to the required differential press energy. In the case of using an electrical filter, a complicated application of Si:; ignited gas is required. ', 201020020 In addition, the dust deposited in the dry electric filter will spontaneously ignite pyrophors ^ thus causing smoldering on the electrodes, which reduces the service life of the electrodes correspondingly. For wet filters, It is basically not suitable for high dust loads. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve upon the above-described methods and to provide a flue gas cleaning apparatus whereby the limit of flue gas dedusting is less stringent, which must be in an energy-saving operation mode. Achieved. In addition, the (four) position must be used in a simple configuration to reduce the maintenance cost. This object is achieved by the invention, characterized in that in the following method step a), the flue gas is introduced into a scrubber, which contacts the flue gas stream with a liquid, in particular water, to bring the particles from the flue gas. In the liquid, it is sunken by gravity and wetted with water.
入一電塵分離器中， 進—步將粒子從烟氣 b)將該在洗氣器中預淨化的烟氣供 其中將該烟氣流在濕電過濾器中 除去。 烟氣宜從洗氣器直接導入電塵分離器中，烟氣可在它 =設備到洗氣器的路徑上受冷卻，它可在電塵分離器 1體口：級烟自，或者，如果要利用其所含能量，可送到 烟氣宜在洗氣器中冷卻，在此，氣在洗氣器中宜一 直冷卻到飽和溫度。烟氣在洗氣器中淨化使得它離開洗氣 201020020 器時’舉例而言’其灰塵量少於克/每立方公尺，俾確 保該濕式電過濾器的長期可靠的效率。 此電塵分離器有至少—沈積電極，其中該至少―沈積 電極宜利一種液體（特別是水）淨化。 此溶融冶金設備宜為—轉爐、高爐或電爐。 所提議的冶金設備用的烟氣淨化裴置，依本發明有一 洗氣器及-濕式電過渡器，該洗氣器經一連接管路與該冶 金設備連接，該濕式電過濾器經另一連接管路與該洗= 連接。 ° 在此，該冶金設備與洗氣器之間的連接管路可設計成 至少部段式地呈冷卻烟岛的形式，在濕式電過滤器後方可 設—㈣’它具有-燒掉（Abfaekel)裝置。在濕式電㈣ 器與烟自之間的連接管路之間可設_鼓風機mu 氣體回收，則可在鼓風機與烟岛之間設一切換站。 因此本發明的基本構想在將二種習知方法結合。一洗 f過程與-電塵分離過程搞合，這二種技術由於組合而相 付盈彰，換言之，各方法的優點更佳地被利用，而各別的 弱點則不再明顯。 洗氣器不再用於將灰塵含量除塵到乾淨氣體的水準， 而且詩將廢氣流預淨減調節（K〇ndhi〇niening)，這點 2為隨後的H電m之無礙及有效的操作的有利前 塵分二只將烟氣中的灰塵含量減到能確保隨後電 刀、犯可*地操作的程度。因此洗氣器操作時壓力損 失較少。整體上，如此對於鼓風機的能量耗費較少，因此 201020020 操作成本可降低。 ㈣的濕4電過爐、器的構造及操作彳式係肖於該預淨 化及調節的氣流作設計。如此它的構造可比傳統濕式電過 滤器更小’其建入方式及控制方式對應於這種新式的尺寸 作最佳化，此電塵分離器負則將烟氣淨化到純氣體的最終 塵含量。 此外，該濕式電過遽器的電極宜藉沖刷簡單地淨化， 罄在電塵分離器中電極的使用壽命係藉著將氣體在洗氣器中 預淨化而提高。將電極在濕式電過據器中淨化遠比在乾式 電過遽器中簡單。在濕式電過據器中，網燒的情事不會發 生，在含飽和水氣的烟氣中，可減少爆炸之虞。 此電塵分離器的尺寸由於在預淨化時氣體溫度較低故 可減少，因此在投資規模上有許多好處。 另一優點為依本發明的構想可將既有設備簡單地加 裝。除了構建新式設備外，也可利用本發明的構想將既有 _設備（它們只設有一洗氣器）加裝。在此，特別的優點在 於：既有的設備的現成的構件例如鼓風機及節水設備可繼 續使用》 上述概念的較佳應用係為在煉鋼廠的氣體淨化，特別 是將冶金爐體（如轉爐及電爐）的廢氣淨化。這點對於— 般鋼與不錄鋼的製造也適用。 在圖式中顯示本發明的實施例，單一的圖式以示意方 式顯示一種冶金設備的烟氣淨化裝置的構造。 7 201020020 【實施方式】 圖示的烟氣淨化裝置用於將烟氣淨化，該烟氣係由_ 冶金設備（1)產生者。烟氣經由一「連接管路」（5)(它呈一 烟岛形式）送到該烟氣淨化裝置。連接管路（5)以設計成供 所要淨化的烟氣冷卻的冷卻道式。預冷卻的氣體在洗氣 器（2)中預淨化，其中希望烟氣灰塵含量空小於1克/每立 方公尺。 此烟氣裝置主要於二個直接互相連接的過濾設備：一 個洗氣器（2)、一個電塵分離器（3);二者經一連接管路（6) 互相連接。電塵分離器（3)設計成濕電過濾器的形式。節水 裝置（Wasserwirtschaft) (10)利用水的供應管路及流出管路 供應水或洗液到該系統。 洗氣器（2)與濕電過濾器工作方式的細節係習知方 式。 在洗氣器（2)中，將所要淨化的氣體流與一液體流接Into a dust separator, the particles are further fed from the flue gas b) the flue gas pre-purified in the scrubber is supplied to the flue gas stream to be removed in the wet electric filter. The flue gas should be directly introduced into the electric dust separator from the scrubber. The flue gas can be cooled in the path of the equipment to the scrubber. It can be in the body of the electric dust separator: level smoke, or if To use the energy contained in it, the flue gas can be sent to the scrubber for cooling. Here, the gas should be cooled to the saturation temperature in the scrubber. The flue gas is purged in the scrubber so that it leaves the scrubbing system 201020020. For example, the amount of dust is less than gram per cubic meter, which ensures long-term reliable efficiency of the wet electric filter. The electrodust separator has at least a deposition electrode, wherein the at least "deposition electrode" is preferably purified by a liquid (especially water). The molten metallurgical equipment is preferably a converter, a blast furnace or an electric furnace. The proposed flue gas purification device for metallurgical equipment, according to the invention has a scrubber and a wet electric transition device, the scrubber being connected to the metallurgical device via a connecting pipe, the wet electric filter being passed through another A connecting line is connected to the wash =. ° Here, the connection line between the metallurgical equipment and the scrubber can be designed in the form of a cooling island at least in sections, and can be set behind the wet electric filter - (d) - it has - burned ( Abfaekel) device. A ventilator mu gas recovery can be provided between the connection line between the wet electric (four) and the smoke, and a switching station can be provided between the blower and the smoke island. The basic idea of the invention therefore combines two conventional methods. The process of washing f is combined with the process of separating the electric dust. These two technologies are combined for their advantages. In other words, the advantages of each method are better utilized, and the individual weaknesses are no longer obvious. The scrubber is no longer used to dedust the dust content to the level of clean gas, and the poem will pre-conditionally reduce the exhaust gas flow (K〇ndhi〇niening), which is the unhindered and effective operation of the subsequent H electric m. The advantageous pre-dust splitting reduces the amount of dust in the flue gas to the extent that it can be operated by the electric knife. Therefore, the pressure loss of the scrubber operation is less. Overall, the energy consumption of the blower is less, so the operating cost of the 201020020 can be reduced. (4) The structure and operation of the wet 4-electric furnace, the 彳-type system is designed for the pre-purified and regulated air flow. So its structure can be smaller than the traditional wet electric filter. Its construction method and control method are optimized according to this new size. The dust separator is used to purify the flue gas to the final dust of pure gas. content. In addition, the electrodes of the wet type electric bypass device should be simply cleaned by flushing, and the service life of the electrodes in the electrostatic dust separator is improved by pre-purifying the gas in the scrubber. Purging the electrode in a wet electrical circuit is much simpler than in a dry electrical reactor. In the wet type of electricity generator, the situation of net burning does not occur, and in the flue gas containing saturated moisture, the explosion can be reduced. The size of this dust separator can be reduced due to the lower temperature of the gas during pre-purification, so there are many advantages in terms of investment scale. Another advantage is that the existing device can be simply retrofitted in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In addition to constructing new types of equipment, it is also possible to retrofit existing equipment (which are provided with only one scrubber) using the concept of the present invention. Here, a particular advantage is that existing components of existing equipment such as blowers and water-saving equipment can continue to be used. The preferred application of the above concept is gas purification in a steel plant, in particular a metallurgical furnace body (such as a converter) And electric furnace purification. This applies to both the manufacture of steel and non-recorded steel. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, which show the construction of a flue gas cleaning apparatus of a metallurgical apparatus in a schematic manner. 7 201020020 [Embodiment] The illustrated flue gas purification device is used to purify flue gas, which is produced by the metallurgical equipment (1). The flue gas is sent to the flue gas cleaning device via a "connecting line" (5) which is in the form of a smoke island. The connecting line (5) is of a cooling duct type designed to be cooled by the flue gas to be purified. The pre-cooled gas is pre-purified in the scrubber (2) where it is desirable that the flue gas dust content be less than 1 gram per cubic meter. The flue gas device is mainly used for two directly connected filter devices: a scrubber (2) and a dust separator (3); the two are connected to each other via a connecting pipe (6). The electric dust separator (3) is designed in the form of a wet electric filter. Water-saving device (Wasserwirtschaft) (10) uses water supply lines and outflow lines to supply water or washing liquid to the system. The details of the scrubber (2) and the working mode of the wet filter are conventional. In the scrubber (2), the gas stream to be purified is connected to a liquid stream
Ag ’以氣體流的成份吸收在液體中。該氣流之轉到液體中 的成份係為固體、液體或氣態成份。所用洗液可為純溶劑， 如水，也可為懸浮液。 實施例係如下： 該洗氣器往往有六個區域： ★ 在洗氧器的窪池中，洗液被收集及抽離； 在氣體供應管中，供應氣體，並利用建入物（Einbauten ) 達到内部空間均勻的負荷（供量）； ★ 在接觸路徑中，將氣體流中的成份洗出； 201020020 ★在洗液供應級中供應洗液並作分配； ★在液滴捕集器中，將洗液帶出的成份分離； ★在出π區域，淨化過的氣體流離開洗氣器。 洗液！呈小液滴形式利用氣體噴灑，氣體須通過 目=幕（v_ang)過去。如果洗液的液滴速度夠快， |】乳机中的粒子不再能從液滴跑出，且與液祕合成 液低。然後此較大液滴可月液滴捕集器分離。 在乾式電過濾器的場合所需之調節塔可省卻，此 塵分離器（3)可做得較小。 濕式電過遽器(3)同樣為一種根據靜電原理用於將粒子 從氣體分離的設備。在電過濾器中分析作業大多分五階段: 首先產生電荷； 然後在電場中將灰塵粒子充電； 然後將帶電荷的灰塵粒子送到「沈積電極」； 如此’灰塵粒子附著在沈積電極上；Ag' is absorbed in the liquid as a component of the gas stream. The component of the gas stream that is transferred to the liquid is a solid, liquid or gaseous component. The washing liquid used may be a pure solvent such as water or a suspension. The examples are as follows: The scrubber often has six zones: ★ In the cell of the oxygen scrubber, the washing liquid is collected and withdrawn; in the gas supply pipe, the gas is supplied and the building is used (Einbauten) Achieve a uniform load (supply) in the internal space; ★ Wash out the components in the gas flow in the contact path; 201020020 ★ Supply the washing liquid in the washing supply stage and distribute it; ★ In the droplet trap, Separate the components brought out by the washing solution; ★ In the π area, the purified gas stream leaves the scrubber. Washing liquid! The gas is sprayed in the form of small droplets, and the gas must pass through the mesh (v_ang). If the droplets of the lotion are fast enough, the particles in the milk machine can no longer run out of the droplets and are lower than the liquid secret synthesizer. This larger droplet can then be separated by a monthly droplet trap. The conditioning tower required in the case of a dry electric filter can be omitted, and the dust separator (3) can be made smaller. The wet electric damper (3) is also a device for separating particles from gas according to the electrostatic principle. The analysis operation in the electric filter is mostly divided into five stages: first, the electric charge is generated; then the dust particles are charged in the electric field; then the charged dust particles are sent to the "deposited electrode"; thus the dust particles are attached to the deposition electrode;
最後將灰塵層利用洗液從電極洗掉。 濕式電過濾器可做成遠比當省卻及上游的洗氣器（2)的 情形小得多。此外’將已預淨化的氣體導人可使電極受該 有刮損作用的塵粒造成的磨損情事大大減少。 在以批次作業（Batch-Betrieb)操作的設備的場合（例 如轉爐煉鋼廠）’上述系統的優點在於：在產生熱而帶有 灰塵的烟氣的程序階段時，洗氣器可使用該洗液，在不產 生烟氣的階段，則可用的洗液可轉到濕式電過濾器中以清 電極。 9 201020020 在濕式電過濾器（3)後面，此時淨化過的氣流經一 Γ連 接管路」（8)導入一烟囱（4)中，其上端設有一「燒掉裝置」 (7)。在燒掉裝置（7)前設一切換站’它各依程序階段而定， 將具有高化學熱量值的程序氣體轉導到一氣體容器中。氣 體利用一鼓風機（9)運送，鼓風機（9)整合到管路中。如果 希望回收氣體，則在鼓風機（9)與烟囱（4)之間設—切換站。 因此上述水混合式過濾設備係一種新開發的除塵技 術。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係本發明一冶金設備用的烟氣淨化裝置的實施例 的示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 0) 冶金設備（冶金爐體） (2) 洗氣器 (3) 電塵分離器 (4) 烟囱 (5) 連接管路（冷卻烟囱） (6) 連接管路 (7) 烟囱（如有必要還包括燒掉裝 (8) 連接管路 (9) 鼓風機 (10) 節水設備 10Finally, the dust layer is washed away from the electrode with a washing liquid. The wet electric filter can be made much smaller than when the scrubber (2) is omitted and upstream. In addition, the introduction of the pre-purified gas can greatly reduce the wear of the electrode by the scraping dust particles. In the case of equipment operated by Batch-Betrieb (eg converter steelworks), the above system has the advantage that the scrubber can use this during the program phase of generating hot, dusty fumes. In the lotion, in the stage where no fumes are generated, the available washing liquid can be transferred to the wet electric filter to clear the electrode. 9 201020020 After the wet electric filter (3), the purified air flow is introduced into a chimney (4) through a connecting line (8), and a "burning device" (7) is arranged at the upper end. Prior to the burning of the device (7), a switching station is provided which, depending on the stage of the process, transduces the process gas having a high chemical calorific value into a gas container. The gas is transported by a blower (9) and the blower (9) is integrated into the pipeline. If it is desired to recover the gas, a switching station is provided between the blower (9) and the chimney (4). Therefore, the above water mixing filter device is a newly developed dust removal technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a flue gas purification apparatus for a metallurgical apparatus of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 0) Metallurgical equipment (metallurgical furnace body) (2) Gas scrubber (3) Electrostatic dust separator (4) Chimney (5) Connecting pipe (cooling chimney) (6) Connecting pipe (7) ) Chimney (including if necessary) (8) Connecting pipe (9) Blower (10) Water saving equipment 10