TW201000101A - New azabicyclic compounds, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them - Google Patents
New azabicyclic compounds, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them Download PDFInfo
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- TW201000101A TW201000101A TW098119836A TW98119836A TW201000101A TW 201000101 A TW201000101 A TW 201000101A TW 098119836 A TW098119836 A TW 098119836A TW 98119836 A TW98119836 A TW 98119836A TW 201000101 A TW201000101 A TW 201000101A
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- azabicyclo
- alk
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Description
201000101 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種新穎氮雜雙環化合物、其製備方法及 包含彼等之醫藥組合物。 以醫藥觀點而言,因本發明化合物在活體内會與中樞組 織胺激導性系統相互反應而顯特別具有價值。 由於人口老化隨著出生後預期餘命的增加而帶來與年齡 相關的神經病理及尤其是阿茲海默氏症發生率的大幅度增 長。大腦老化及尤其是與年齡相關的神經病理的主要臨床 0 表現為記憶及認知功能的缺陷,這些缺陷可能會導致癡 呆。 【先前技術】 神經藥理學研究已顯示,在中樞神經系統中,組織胺藉 由中樞組織胺激導性系統,在生理學或生理病理學環境中 具有神經傳遞素或神經調節素的作用(Pell與Green,Annu.
Rev· Neurosci.,1986,9,209-254 ; Schwartz 等人, Physiol. Rev.,199 1,71,1-5 1)。因此,咸已顯示組織胺 ❹ 與許多生理學與行為學過程有關,諸如溫度調節、神經内 分泌調節、晝夜節律、木僵狀態(cataleptic state)、能動 性、攻擊性、攝食行為、學習與記憶、及突觸可塑性 (Hass 等人,Histaminergic neurones : morphology and function, Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 1991, 196-208 頁;
Brown等人,Prog· Neurobiology, 2001, 63, 637-672) ° 動物研究業已顯示組織胺在内源性突觸外濃度的增加可 140759.doc 201000101 月b會提向警戒狀態、學習與記憶過程,及調節食物攝取 (Brown等人,pr〇g. Neurobiol,2〇〇〇, 63, 637 672; passani 等人,Neurosci· Biobehav. Rev” 2000, 24,107-113)。因 此’能在中極階段增加組織胺轉化或釋放的化合物之潛在 治療意義是為治療與大腦老化、急性與慢性神經退化疾病 及與精神分裂症相關的認知缺陷疾病,且亦治療情緒障 礙、精神分裂症、睡眠障礙、睡眠·覺醒節律障礙及注意 力缺陷過動症候群。更進一步,已有研究顯示,將組織胺 注射至參與飽腹感調節的中央下丘腦核時會減弱大鼠進 食’組織胺激導傳遞功能衰退也已在先天性肥胖大鼠中證 實(Machidori等人 ’ Brain Research, 1992, 590,180-186)。 因此’攝食行為障礙與肥胖亦係本發明之化合物的潛在治 療標的。 【發明内容】 本發明係關於新穎之氮雜雙環化合物,因3_氮雜雙環 [3,1,0]己烷環系統的存在而不同於申請案w〇 2005/089747 中提到的化合物。 令人驚奇的係,與申請案WO 20〇5/〇89747之化合物的結 構差異提供本發明化合物不僅具有顯著的促認知特性,而 且具有強力的覺醒、抗鎮靜、抗催眠及抗抑鬱特性。 在神經學層面,此等活性的組合不僅成為用於與大腦老 化、神經退化疾病或顱腦創傷相關的認知障礙的新療法, 亦成為用於與此等病理相關的心理-行為障礙(例如睡眠障 礙、情感冷漠及/或抑鬱狀態)的新療法。此外,本發明之 140759.doc 201000101 化口物的藥理學特性亦可用為精神病領域的新穎療法,例 如用於精神分裂症、情緒障礙或睡眠障礙。 更具體地,本發明係關於式⑴化合物,其對映異構體與 非對映異構體,亦及其與醫藥上可接受之酸或鹼的加成 路 · 盟·
(I) 其中: ♦ ALK代表伸烧基鏈, ♦w代表選自 與〇 R·之基團 其中R和R·相互獨立地代表氫或視需要由一或多個選自 鹵素、羥基與烧氧基的基團取代之直鏈或分支鏈(匸厂匸一烧 基0 應理解: -術s吾「伸烧基」代表包含2至6個;ε炭原子的直鏈或分支 鏈二價基團, -術έ吾「院氧基」代表烧基-氧基團,其中直鏈或分支鏈 的烷基包含1至6個碳原子, 在醫藥上可接受的酸中,可提及且無意限制:氫氣酸、 氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、 丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、馬來 酸、檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、草酸、曱磺酸、樟腦酸等。 在醫藥上可接受的鹼中,可提及且無意限制:氫氧化 140759.doc -6 · 201000101 鈉、氫氧化鉀、三乙胺、第三丁胺等。 較佳式(I)化合物為其中霤基團位於對位之彼等。 ALK較佳代表伸乙基、伸丙基或伸丁基,更佳爲伸丙 基。 本發明之一特定實施例係關於式⑴化合物,其中w代表 基團-CO-NH2、-NH-CO-CH3、·Ν((:Η3)-(:0-(:Η3 或-NH-CO-ch2-〇ch3。 更特別地’本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其為: -N-(4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3·氤雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧基}苯 基)-N-曱基乙醯胺、 -义(4-{2-[(111,58)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1_0]己-3-基]乙氧基}笨 基)乙醯胺、 -:^-(4-{2-[(111,58)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]乙氧基}苯 基)-2-曱氧基乙醯胺、 -4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3 -氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧基}笨甲 醯胺、 -4-{2-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]乙氧基}笨甲 醯胺、 ->^-(4-{3-[(1尺,58)-3-11雜雙環[3.1.〇]己-3-基]丙氧基}苯 基)-2-甲氧基乙醯胺、 -N-(4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氣雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧基}苯 基)乙醯胺,及其與醫藥上可接受的酸或驗之加成鹽。 在與醫藥上可接受的酸之加成鹽中,較佳為氫氣酸鹽、 草酸鹽與檸檬酸鹽。 140759.doc 201000101 較佳為1^(4-{3-[(111,53)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧 基}笨基)-N-曱基乙醯胺氫氯酸鹽。 尤更佳為4-{3-[(111,58)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯胺氫氣酸鹽、4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1·0] 己-3-基]丙氧基}苯曱醯胺草酸鹽及4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙 環[3.1.0]己基]丙氧基}苯甲醯胺檸檬酸鹽。 本發明亦係關於一種製備式⑴化合物之方法,此方法特 徵為以式(II)化合物作為起始物:
其中W如式(I)定義, 在驗性質中’式(Π)化合物與式(III)化合物縮合,
Br—ALK——。丨 ⑽, 其中ALK如式(I)定義, 得到式(IV)化合物:
(IV), 其中W與ALK如前定義, 其與式(V)化合物縮合:
得到如前定義之式(I)化合物: 140759.doc (V), 0), 201000101
其可根據常用分離技術純化,若需要時,將其轉化為其 與醫藥上可接受的酸或鹼之加成鹽,及若適合可根據傳統 分離技術分離為其異構體。 式(II)、(III)與(V)化合物可購得或可由熟習此技術者利 用文獻中所述的傳統化學反應得到。 或者,式(VI)化合物:
(VI), 其中ALK基團如前定義, 可作為合成式⑴中W=-CONRR'之化合物的中間體,其 係與式NHRR’胺耦合,其中R與R·如式(I)定義。 式(I)中W=-CONRR|之化合物在下文中被稱為式(I/a)化 φ 合物。 類似地,式(VII)化合物: 0
其中ALK基團如前定義, 能作為式(I/a)化合物的合成中間體,其係與式NHRR'胺 耦合,其中R與R'如式(I)定義。 140759.doc 201000101 更進一步’式(I/a)化合物亦可使用式(VIII)化合物經由 如前所示的相應的羧酸(VI)與醯基氣(VII)得到:
其中ALK基團如前定義及r"代表直鏈或分支鏈(Ci_c6)烷 基。 另一種替代法包括在式NHRR,胺存在下,使用式(νπΐ) 化合物直接產生式(I/a)化合物。 最後,亦可在鹼性介質中水解式(ΙΧ)化合物,得到式 (I/a)化合物:
其中ALK基團如前定義。 式⑴化合物的藥理學研究已顯示此等藉由促進記憶與學 習過程具有促認知特性,亦具有清醒、抗鎮靜、抗催眠及 抗抑鬱特性。另外,式(IX)化合物亦具有促認知特性。 在神經學層面,根據本發明之化合物可用於治療與大腦 老化或神經退化疾病相關的認知障礙,例如阿茲海默症、 帕金森氏病、皮克氏症、路易體癡呆、額葉與皮質下癡 呆、額顳葉失智症、血管性癡呆、亨廷頓氏症及多發性硬 化,治療與顱腦創傷相關的認知障礙,亦治療與諸如睡眠 障礙、情感冷漠、抑鬱等病理相關的^理行騎礙。目標 對象尤其為與阿兹海默症及帕金森氏症相關的睡眠障礙, 140759.doc 201000101 諸如日夜臨睡幻覺。 在精神病層面,此等化合物可用於治療情緒障礙,尤其 是治療抑鬱狀態、精神分裂症及與之相關的認知障礙,亦 治療睡眠障礙、睡眠覺醒節律障礙、注意力㈣過動症候 群(ADHD)。在睡眠障礙中’係特別指嗜眠病、出現在阻 塞性睡眠呼吸暫停症候群或注意力缺陷過動症候群的睡眠 過多’亦及白天嗜睡病。 本發明亦係關於醫藥組合物,其包括獨自的或與一或多 〇 種醫藥上可接受的賦形劑組合之至少一種式⑴化合物。 【實施方式】 在根據本發明醫藥組合物中,活性成分的重量比(活性 成分的重量相對組合物總重量)為1至5〇〇/〇。 在根據本發明醫藥組合物中,特別係指適於經口、非腸 道鼻經皮或牙皮、直腸、舌、眼睛或呼吸道投與之彼 等,尤其係錠劑或糖衣錠、舌下錠劑、藥囊、藥包、朦 囊、舌下錠(gi〇ssettes)、含片、栓劑、乳霜、軟膏、皮膚 凝膠、及可飲用或可注射安瓿。 適用劑量係根據患者的性別、年齡及體重、投與方式、 治療適應症的特性、及任何相關療法而變化且每%小時 投與0.05 mg至500 mg,每日投與1至3次進行治療。 以下實例說明但不以任何方式限制本發明^實例中所述 之化合物結構係根據常用分光技術(紅外、nmr、質譜等) 確定。 藉由資料得知,以下所有化合物具有中間型立體化學。 140759.doc 201000101 實例1 ’合成途徑A : 4-{;3-[(lR,5S)_3-氮雜雙環【3.1·0]己_3_ 基】丙氧基}苯甲醢胺氩氣酸鹽 #猓7 ·· 4-(3-氣代丙氧基)苯曱醯胺 由0.004莫耳4-羥基苯甲醯胺、0.004莫耳1-溴-3·氣丙烧 及0.006莫耳碳酸舜組成的混合物於1 〇 mi乙腈中回流加熱5 小時。 #舞2 : 4_{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯胺 在室溫下,將〇.〇〇4莫耳(1尺,58)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.〇]己烷 及0.002莫耳峨化鈉加入步驟1之反應混合物中。然後繼續 回流16小時。過濾沉澱且由乙腈沖洗。濃縮濾液至乾燥。 將殘渣溶於二氣甲烷。所得溶液依序經氫氧化鈉溶液及水 萃取,然後於硫酸鎂上乾燥及濃縮至乾燥。於Lichr〇prep RP-1 8相上藉由製備性層析技術純化該殘渣。 質譜:[Μ+ΗΓ理論值m/z=243.1510;實驗值m/z=243.1497 步驊3:4-{3-[(111,53)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯胺氫氣酸鹽 將步驟2所得產物溶於其中已加入2 ml 2N乙醚HC1溶液 的10 ml乙醇。過濾結晶產物,由乙醇沖洗且於真空中乾 燥。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % Cl* 計算值 60.70 7.13 9.44 11.95 11.95 實驗值 60.74 7.04 9.31 11.89 11.87 140759.doc -12- 201000101 實例1 ’ B途徑:4-{3-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[no】己_3·基】 丙氧基}笨甲醢胺氫氣酸鹽 步驟1 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.L0]己_3-基]丙氧 基}笨甲腈 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1及2相同,但以4_ 經基苯甲腈代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。 質讃:[M+H]+理論值m/z = 243.1510;實驗值m/z = 243.1497 ^ 步称2:4-{3-[(1狄,58)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.〇]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯胺氫氣酸鹽 將以上步驟得到之化合物(2.2 g)溶於90 ml乙醇及在51 g KOH存在下回流18小時。將該混合物倒入9〇 mi水中然 後在真空中濃縮至一半體積。過渡所得的固體、由異丙基 醚沖洗且再乾燥。按照實例丨,合成途徑A中步驟3之操作 步驟製備氫氣酸鹽。 Ο 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % cr 計算值 60.70 7.13 9.44 11.95 11.95 實驗值 60.36 7.11 9.11 11.36 11.93 實例1,途徑c : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]已基】 丙氧基}苯甲醯胺氫氣酸鹽 步碌1 : 4]3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲酸甲醋 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1及2相同,但以4· 140759.doc 13· 201000101 羥基苯曱酸曱酯代替步驟1之4-羥基苯曱醯胺。 步驟2 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環卩丄〇]己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲酸 將3.5 g步驟1化合物、12.7 ml 2N氫氧化鈉溶液與8 ml曱 醇之混合物回流一小時。將12.7 ml 2N HC1加入於冰浴中 冷卻的該反應混合物中。以水沖洗沉澱且於真空中乾燥。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 68.94 7.33 5.36 實驗值 68.74 7.32 5.42 步驟3 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3- 氮雜雙環己-3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯氣氫氣酸鹽 將1.8 g步驟2中描述之產物與20 ml亞硫醯氣之混合物回 流2小時。該反應混合物於真空中濃縮,且與曱苯共蒸發 兩次。固體殘渣於乙醚中均質化,經過濾及於真空中乾 燥。 步罅4 : 4-{3-[(lRi5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己_3-基]丙氧 基}苯甲醯胺氫氣酸鹽 於0 C下,將2 ml 2N甲醇之氨溶液逐滴加入丨g步驟3所 述之產物的二氣甲烷溶液中。於室溫下攪拌該混合物^】、 時,然後以2 N氫氧化鈉及再以水沖洗。於硫酸鎂上乾 有機相且濃縮。將殘油溶於其中加人2 ml 2 n乙襲⑶容 液的1〇 ml乙醇中。過濾結晶產物、以乙醇沖洗且真空中 乾燥。 140759.doc •14· 201000101 元素擻分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl 計算值 60.70 7.13 9.44 11.95 實驗值 60.74 7.04 9.31 11.89 實例2 : 4-{2-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【31〇】己_3_基】乙氧基} 苯甲醢胺 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1及2相同,但以1-j臭-2 -氯乙烧代替步驟1之臭-3 -氯丙烧。
元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 68.27 7.37 11.37 實驗值 67.07 7.12 11.15 實例3 : 4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【3.1.〇】己-3-基]丁氧基} 苯甲醮胺 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1及2相同,但以1· 溴-4-氯丁烷代替步驟1之1-溴-3·氣丙烷。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 70.04 8.08 10.21 實驗值 69.96 8.07 9.91 實例4 : N-(4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】已-3-基]丙氧 基}苯基)乙醢胺 實驗步驟與實例1之步驟1及2相同,但以N-(4-羥基苯基) 乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。 140759.doc • 15- 201000101 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 70.04 8.08 10.21 實驗值 69.77 8.02 10.00 實例5 : N-(4-{2-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【3.L0]己-3-基]乙氧 基}苯基)乙醯胺 實驗步驟與實例2之步驟1及2相同,但以N-(4-羥基苯基) 乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯曱醯胺。 S素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 69.21 7.74 10.76 實驗值 68.86 7.66 10.55 實例 6 : N-(4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】己 -3-基】丁氧 基}笨基)乙醯胺 實驗步驟與實例3之步驟1與2相同,但以N-(4-經基苯基) 乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 70.80 8.39 9.71 實驗值 70.44 8.35 9.14 實例7 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】己基]丙氧基卜 N,N-二甲基-苯甲醮胺 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1與2相同,但以4 羥基-N,N-二甲基苯曱醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基笨曱酿胺。 140759.doc •16- 201000101 元素微分析: % C % Η 計算值 70.80 8.39 實驗值 70.82 8.32 實例8 : 4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環丨3.1.0]己_3_基]丁氧基} N,N-二甲基-苯甲醢胺草酸鹽 % N 9.71 9.60
實驗步驟與實例3之步驟1及2相同,但以扣經基·Ν,Ν·二 甲基笨甲醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。然後,添加 〇·32 g草酸至含〇.38 g因此得到的化合物之6…乙醇溶液 中。過濾所得產物、以乙醚沖洗及再於真空中乾燥。 元素微分析·· % C % Η % Ν 計算值 61.21 7.19 7.14 實驗值 60.13 6.93 6.71 實例9 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3·氮雜雙環P.1.0]己_3_基]丙氧基卜 N,N-二乙基苯甲醯胺氫氣酸盥
實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A相同,但以4_經基_ν,ν· 二乙基苯甲醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基笨甲醯胺。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % Cl- 計算值 64.67 8.28 7.94 10.05 10.05 實驗值 64.92 7.59 8.24 12.57 10.78 實例10 : 4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【3.1.0]己_3基]丁氧基} N,N-二乙基_苯甲醯胺 實驗步驟與實例3之步驟1與2相同’但以心經基·ν n - 140759.doc -17- 201000101 乙基苯甲酿胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯曱醯胺。 元素徵分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 72.69 9.15 8.48 實驗值 72.45 9.02 8.33 實例11 : 4-{3-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】己-3_基】丙氧基卜 N-甲基苯甲醢胺 實驗步驟與實例1 ’合成途徑A之步驟i及2相同,但以4 羥基-N-甲基苯甲醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基笨曱醯胺。 疋素微分析· % C % Η % Ν 計算值 70.04 8.08 10.21 實驗值 69.93 8.00 10.09 實例12 : 4-{4-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】已_3_基】丁氧基} N-甲基苯甲醢胺 實驗步驟與實例3之步驟1與2相同,但以4_經基·Ν甲基 苯甲醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。 素微分析· % C % Η «/«Ν 計算值 70.80 8.39 9.71 實驗值 69.66 8·!7 9.20 實例13 : N-(4-{3-[(lR,5S)-3-l雜雙環【3a.〇】&_3基】丙氧 基}苯基)-Ν-甲基乙醢胺氩氣酸鹽 實驗步驟與實例1 ’合成途徑Α相同,但以Ν_(4_經基苯 140759.doc •18- 201000101 基)-N-甲基乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲醯胺。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % Cl- 計算值 62.86 7.76 8.62 10.91 10.91 實驗值 62.27 7.56 8.46 11.62 11.29 實例 14 : N-(4-{3-[(lR,5S)_3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3_基]丙氧 基}苯基)-2-甲氧基乙醢胺 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A之步驟1與2相同,但以 N-(4-羥基苯基)·2-甲氧基乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯甲酿 胺。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 67.08 7.95 9.20 實驗值 66.72 7.92 9.18 實例15 : N-(4-{2-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】己-3-基]乙氧 基}苯基)-2-甲氧基乙醢胺 實驗步驟與實例2之步驟1與2相同,但以N-(4-羥基苯 基)-2-甲氧基乙醯胺代替步驟1之4-羥基苯曱醯胺。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 計算值 66.19 7.64 9.65 實驗值 65.9 7.50 9.44 實例 16 : N-(4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丁氧 基}苯基)-N-甲基乙醢胺氩氯酸鹽 實驗步驟與實例13相同,但以卜溴-4-氣丁烷代替步驟1 140759.doc •19- 201000101 之1-溴-3-氣丙烷。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % cr 計算值 65.47 8.52 7.63 9.66 9.66 實驗值 65.35 8.41 7.30 9.80 9.67 實例I7 : N-(4-{4-[(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【3.1.0】己_3_基】丁氧 基}苯基)-2-甲氧基乙醢胺氫氣酸鹽 實驗步驟與實例1,合成途徑A相同,但在步驟1中,以 N-(4 -經基苯基)-2 -曱氧基乙醢胺代替之4 -經基笨曱醯胺及 以1-溴-4-氣丁烷代替1_溴_3_氣丙烷。 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν % Cl % cr 計算值 62.73 8.16 7.32 9.27 9.26 實驗值 61.92 7.89 6.99 9.90 9.62 實例18 : 4-{3-[(lR,5S)_3-氮雜雙環丨3.1.0】己·3_基】丙氧基} 苯甲醢胺 實驗步驟重複實例1,合成途徑Α之步驟1與2。 凡素微分析· % C % Η % Ν 計算值 69.21 7.74 10.76 實驗值 69.24 7.69 10.60
實例19 : 4-{3-【(lR,5S)-3-氮雜雙環【3.1.0]已·3-基]丙氧基} 苯甲醢胺草酸SI 實驗步驟重複實例1 ’合成途徑A之步驟1與2。按照實例 140759.doc -20· 201000101 8所述之操作步驟, 將因此得到之化合物轉化成鹽 〇 元素微分析: % C % Η % Ν 计算值 56.73 6.13 7.60 實驗值 55.98 6.28 6.94 實例20 : 4-{3-[(ir,5s)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0】己-3·基】丙氧基} 苯曱醢胺檸檬酸鹽 在1.2當量檸檬酸單水合物存在下,將1當量實例18化合 ® 物溶於水中,產生標題產物。 NMR (6〇〇 MHz;DMSO-d6): δ (ppm)=9.5-12.5 (si, 3H); 7.85 (m, 3H); 7.20 (si, 1H); 6.95 (m, 2H); 4.05 (t, 2H); 3.30 (dlj 2H); 2.80-3 (2 si, 4H); 2.65 (d, 2H); 2.55 (d, 2H); 1.95 (qt, 2H); 1.6 (si, 2H); 0.5-0.7 (2 m, 2H) 〇 藥理學研究 實例A : NMRI小鼠之大雎]甲基組織胺濃度 ❺ 按照 Taylor 等人(Blochem. Pharm.,1992,44,1261-1267) 的方法執行的本研究之目的為評價本發明之化合物作為h3 型中樞組織胺受體的拮抗劑之體外活性。在試驗化合物經 口途禮處理後,藉由測量作為組織胺主要代謝物的曱 基、、且織胺之中樞濃度來證明該活性。大腦曱基組織胺 濃度增加顯示藉由阻斷Η3型中樞組織胺受體,加速組織胺 轉化。 由本發明之化合物或其載體經口途徑處理ν順小鼠 (18-20 g)(20 ml/kg)。在藥物處理一小時後,處死該等動 140759.doc -21. 201000101 物;移除大腦、於液氮中冷凍、稱重及在4。^下,於〇1 N HCIO4中均質化。離心該等均質化產物(15 〇〇〇 g,n min,4°C)。回收上清液及分爲等分。該等份於液氮中冷束 且在-80°C下儲存直至被分析。 藉由毛細管電泳確定大腦之甲基組織胺濃度。Ντ—甲 基組織胺組織濃度係以pg/g新鮮大腦表示。由載體處理之 動物(對照組)與由本發明化合物處理之動物之間的Ντ_曱義 組織胺大腦濃度之比較係藉由單因素變方分析,隨後進行 (若需要)補充分析(Dunnett實驗)。 結果顯示,在1至30 mg/kg p〇之劑量下,本發明之化合 物隨濃度變化,使Ντ-甲基組織胺之内因性大腦濃度增加 200%以上。 例如:當以10 mg/kg ΡΟ投與時,化合物卜丘^、!^ 14使NT••曱基組織胺内因性大腦濃度分別增加99%、 09/〇 、135%及 124%,當以 30 mg/kg P〇劑量時, 分別增加227%、200%、210%、303%及266%。此等結果 說明,本發明之化合物為Η;型中樞組織胺受體之強效拮抗❹ 劑。 資例B:清醒Wistar大鼠之觸電波記錄 將電極長期植入成年雄性大鼠中,其位於前葉及頂葉之 表層。對置於隔音室籠内之大鼠進行皮質腦電波(eeg)記 錄在同一天10點經腹腔内途徑,以隨機方式投與化合物 =載體,且每次投與至少間隔3天,以允許每隻大鼠作為 身對照。在連續30分鐘内,讀取主要出現在緩慢睡眠期 J40759.doc -22- 201000101 間且在清醒與異相睡眠期間消失的慢δ活性之絕對功率(1_4 Hz)之平均值。在3〇分鐘期間,慢5活性功率的高與低值分 別為清醒與睡眠標誌。結果顯示本發明之化合物增加大鼠 皮質覺醒(δ波減小)。 例如:以3 mg/kg IP劑量投與之化合物1與13引起慢δ波 之功率明顯降低120分鐘,係皮質活動及清醒的標諸。 實例C: Wis tar大鼠中與巴比妥之相互作用 本實驗目的為確定本發明之化合物的抗鎮靜、清醒及/ © 或抗催眠特性。將大鼠分置於單獨籠内且注射巴比妥(17〇 mg/kg IP)。注射巴比妥後’測量4小時,依據其翻身之反 射動作減少來決定其睡眠時間。投與巴比妥3〇分鐘之前, 經口途徑投與本發明之化合物或其載體。結果證明本發明 之化合物具有強抗鎮靜、抗催眠及/或清醒活性。 例如,以30 mg/kg PO劑量,化合物5、8、12及15分別 使因巴比妥引起的睡眠時間減少-80%、_79%、·55% -76%。 〇 實例D : Sprague-Dawley大鼠之目標識別
Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的目標識別實驗(Behav Brain Res, ’ 1988,31,47_59)係基於動物的自覺探索活動及具有人類情 景記憶之特徵。此記憶實驗對老化(Eur. j. PharmaeQl., 1997,325,173-180)及膽驗激導性功能障礙(pharm Biochem. Behav. 1996, 53(2), 277-283)敏感且係基於對兩 個極相似形狀物(一個熟悉,另一個係新的)探索之差異。 在實驗則’使動物們習慣環境(不含物件之密閉場所)。在 140759.doc -23· 201000101 ^:份過程中,將該等大鼠置於(3分鐘)其中存在兩個相 同物件的遂、閉場所中。測得對每個物件的探索時間。在第 二部份(3分鐘)過程中,24小時後,兩個物件中一個以一新 物件替換。測得對每個物件的探索時間。評價標準為第二 部份期間對新物件與對熟悉物件的探㈣間^ 表示。每一部份前60分鐘經口途徑先由載體處理之對照動 物以相同方式探索熟悉物件與新物件,其顯示已忘記先前 引入之物件。由利於記憶認知的化合物處理的動物優先探 索新物件,其顯示已記住先前引入的物件。例如,以〇 3 〇 mg/kg PO劑量,由本發明之實例丨獲得之結果顯示約6 ^之 差異(△),其顯示本發明之化合物極大幅促進記憶,即使 以極低劑量。 實例E : Wistar大鼠之社會識別 最先於 1982 年(J. Comp. Physiol.,1982, 96, 1〇〇〇_1006) 所述’隨後多名作者(卩巧(:]10卩1131'〇13£;〇1〇呂丫,1987,91 363- 368; Psychopharmacology,1989,97,262-268)已建議以社 會識別實驗研究新穎化合物的記憶認知效果。該實驗係基 ❹ 於大鼠嗅覺§己憶的自然表達與其遺忘的自然趨勢,且藉由 成年大鼠識別同種幼年動物分析記憶認知。將一隨機抽取 之幼年大鼠(21天)置於住有一成年大鼠的籠内5分鐘。藉由 錄影設備’實驗者觀察成年大鼠的社會識別行為且測得其 總時間。隨後將幼年大鼠從成年大鼠的籠中移走並置於其 自己的籠内’直到第二次引入時為止。實驗中經腹腔途徑 給與成年大鼠化合物,且2小時後,再次將其置於幼年大鼠面 140759.doc • 24- 201000101 前(5分鐘)。隨後再次觀察社會認知行為並測得其時間。分 析標準為兩次相遇的「識別」時間之時間差(T2_T1),以 秒表示。 實例1獲得之結果顯示,對於劑量i與3 mg/kg Ιρ,時間 差(Τ2-Τ1)分別係21 s與26 s,其顯示本發明之化合物極大 幅促進記憶,即使以低劑量。 實例F : NMRI小鼠之大理石掩埋測試 小鼠之自發性大理石掩埋行為係一種用於抗抑鬱化合物 β 的非常敏感的經驗性實驗(Sanchez and Meier·, Psychopharmacology, 1997; 129: 197-205; Nicolas and
Pnnssen,Eur. J· Pharmacol·,2006, 547: 106-115)。將小鼠 置於其中存在24塊大理石的獨自籠内且在30分鐘期間確定 每個動物掩埋的大理石數目。先以本發明之化合物或其載 體經腹腔途徑處理此等動物30分鐘後,再將此等動物置於 含有大理石的籠内。 ❹結果說明例如:以30 mg/kg IP劑量,化合物i、2、5及 15使掩埋之球數分別減少48%、99%、49%及83%。 此結果說明本發明之化合物具有抗抑繫特性。 實例G : NMRI小鼠之尾部懸吊實驗 小鼠之尾部懸吊實驗(pors〇lt et al.,Areh Pharmacodyn.,1987, 288, U)能檢測化合物的精神藥理特 性。藉由一塊膠帶,將NMRI小鼠尾部懸吊於吊鈎處6分 鐘:藉由移動感測器自動偵測保持不動之時間。在懸吊前 24小時30分鐘,經腹部途徑使用本發明之化合物或其等之 140759.doc •25· 201000101 載體處理動物。 結果顯示,當以10 mg/kg Ip劑量投與時實例i、4、 5、13、14及15之保持不動之時間分別減少59%、36%、 64〇/。、53%、36%及77%。此結果證實本發明之化合物的抗 抑鬱特性。 實例H : NMRI小鼠之強迫游泳實酴 強迫游泳實驗廣泛用於檢測化合物的抗抑鬱特性 (Porsolt等人,Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn.,1977,229, 327_ 336)。將動物置於裝滿水(14 cm)的圓筒内6分鐘且在最後 四分鐘,由錄影追蹤系統測定保持不動之時間。在將小鼠 置入圓筒之前30分鐘,經腹腔途徑投與本發明之化合物或 其等之載體。 以30 mg/kg IP劑量,實例i、5及15不動時間分別減少 76%、32%及34%。此等結果顯示本發明之化合物之抗抑 鬱特性。 實例I :藥物组成 每個含有100 mg活性成分的1000個錠劑之製備配方: •..100 g .....20 g .....20 g ...150 g ...900 g .....30 g 實例1化合物 ... 羥丙基纖維素.... 聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮 小麥澱粉 ........... 乳糖 ................. 硬脂酸鎂............. 140759.doc -26-
Claims (1)
- 201000101 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種式⑴化合物、其對映異構體與非對映異構艎,及其 與醫藥上可接受之酸或鹼之加成鹽:(I) 其中: ♦ ALK代表伸烧基鍵,♦ w代表選自 N- I R1rrR 0 R· 之基團, 其中R與R'相互獨立地代表氫,或視需要經一或多個 選自_素、羥基及烷氧基的基團取代之直鏈或分支鏈 ((VC6)烷基。 應理解: -術語「伸烧基」代表包含2至6個碟原子的直鍵或分支 鏈之二價基困, -術語「烷氧基」代表烷基-氧基團,其中直鏈或分支 鏈的烷基包含1至6個碳原子。 2. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其中w基團位於對位。 3. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其中ALK代表伸乙基、伸丙 基或伸丁基,其對映異構體與非對映異構體,亦及其與 醫藥上可接受之酸或鹼的加成鹽。 4. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其中ALK代表伸丙基,其對 映異構體與非對映異構體,亦及其與醫藥上可接受之酸 或驗的加成鹽。 140759.doc 201000101 5. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其中w代表_c〇_NH2、·νη_ CO-CH3、-N(CH3)-CO-CH3 或-nh-co-ch2-och3 基團, 其對映異構體與非對映異構體,亦及其與醫藥上可接受 之酸或驗的加成鹽。 6. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物’其中W代表_(:0_ΝΗ2基團,其 對映異構體與非對映異構體,亦及其與醫藥上可接受之 酸或鹼的加成鹽。 7. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其為: _#-(4-{3-[(1/?,5幻-3·氮雜雙環[no]己冬基]丙氧基} 苯基)-Ν_曱基-乙醯胺、 氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己 _3_基]乙氧基} 苯基)乙醯胺、 -^(4-{2-[(1/?,5外3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己_3_基]乙氧基} 苯基)-2-曱氧基乙醯胺、 _4-{3-[(li?,5S)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1_〇]己·3_基]丙氧基}苯曱 醯胺、 -4-{2-[(li?,55>3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己_3_基]乙氧基}苯曱 酿胺、 -#-(4-{3-[(1及,55)-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己 _3-基]丙氧基} 苯基)-2-曱氧基-乙醯胺、 -^(4-{3-[(1/?,5幻-3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己_3·基]丙氧基} 苯基)乙醯胺、 及其與醫藥上可接受的酸或鹼之加成鹽。 8. 如請求項1之式⑴化合物’其為4-{3-[(1及,55)-3-氮雜雙 140759.doc -2· 201000101 環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧基}苯曱醯胺氫氯酸鹽。 9. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其為4-{3-[(li?,5*S)-3-氮雜雙 環[3.1.0]己_3_基]丙氧基}苯甲醯胺草酸鹽。 10. 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其為4-{3-[(li?,55>3-氮雜雙 環[3.1.0]己-3-基]丙氧基}苯甲醯胺檸檬酸鹽。 11. 一種製備如請求項1之式(I)化合物之方法,其特徵在於 以式(II)化合物作為起始物:其中W如請求項1定義, 在鹼性介質中,將式(II)化合物與式(III)化合物縮合: Br——ALK-Cl (ΙΠ), 其中ALK如請求項1定義, 得到式(IV)化合物,(IV), 其中W與ALK如前定義, 其與式(V)化合物縮合: 得到如前定義之式(I)化合物 140759.doc (V), 201000101⑴, 其可藉由常用之分離技術純化,若需要時,將其轉化為 其與醫藥上可接受的酸或鹼之加成鹽,及若適合時,可 根據傳統分離技術分離為其異構體。 12. —種如下式(VI)化合物:(VI), 其中ALK基團如請求項1定義, 其係作為合成式(I)中W=-CONRR’之化合物的中間體,應 理解W、R與R’如請求項1定義。 13. —種如下式(VII)化合物: 〇其中ALK基團如請求項1定義, 其係作為合成式(I)中W=-CONRR'之化合物的中間體,應 理解W、R與R'如請求項1定義。 14. 一種如下式(VIII)化合物:(VIII), 其中ALK基團如請求項1定義且R"為直鏈或分支鏈(Cr 140759.doc -4- 201000101 15. ❹ 16. 17. 18. 19. C6)烷基, 其作為合成式(I)中W=-CONRR,之化合物的中間體,森理 解W、R與R'如請求項1定義。 一種如下式(IX)化合物: (IX), 其中ALK基團如請求項1定義, 其係作為合成式(I)中W=-CONRR’之化合物的中間體,應 理解W、R與R·如請求項1定義。 一種醫藥組合物,其包含作為活性成分之根據請求項^ 至1〇項之至少一種式⑴化合物或其與醫藥上可接受的酸 或鹼之加成鹽,該活性成分係單獨的或與一或多種醫藥 上可接受的賦形劑組合。 如叫求項16之醫藥組合物,其係用於治療與大腦老化、 神經退化或顱腦外傷相關的認知及心理_行為障礙及治 療情緒障礙、精神分裂症及其相關認知障礙、睡眠障 礙、睡眠-覺醒節律障礙、注意力缺陷過動症候群或肥 胖。 如請求項17之醫藥組合物’其係用於治療與阿兹海默 症、帕金森氏症、皮克氏症、路易體癡呆、前葉與皮質 下癡呆、額顳癡呆、血管性癡呆、亨廷頓氏症或多發性 硬化相關的認知及心理_行為障礙。 如請求項17或18之醫藥組合物,其係用於、治療諸如:睡 民障礙、情感冷漠及/或抑鬱狀態的心理-行為障礙。140759.doc 201000101 20. 如請求項1 7之醫藥組合物,其係用於治療諸如:嗜睡 症、發生於阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停症候群或注意力缺陷過 動症候群之多睡症、亦及白天嗜睡症之睡眠障礙。 21. 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其係用於治療與阿茲海默症 及帕金森氏症相關之睡眠障礙。 140759.doc 201000101 四、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 五、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式:0)140759.doc
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| KR20090129958A (ko) | 2009-12-17 |
| EP2133333A1 (fr) | 2009-12-16 |
| NI200900114A (es) | 2010-02-03 |
| FR2932479A1 (fr) | 2009-12-18 |
| SG158015A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
| ZA200903939B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| UY31857A1 (es) | 2009-08-31 |
| NZ577438A (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| GT200900150A (es) | 2011-08-25 |
| CA2668527A1 (fr) | 2009-12-13 |
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| JP2009298790A (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
| US7906547B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
| BRPI0902395A2 (pt) | 2010-04-20 |
| SV2009003292A (es) | 2010-02-01 |
| AP2009004891A0 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
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| EA200900692A1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
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| CN101602706A (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
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