TW200946033A - Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation - Google Patents
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation Download PDFInfo
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- TW200946033A TW200946033A TW098110886A TW98110886A TW200946033A TW 200946033 A TW200946033 A TW 200946033A TW 098110886 A TW098110886 A TW 098110886A TW 98110886 A TW98110886 A TW 98110886A TW 200946033 A TW200946033 A TW 200946033A
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Description
200946033 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體而言係關於母體食物組合物。詳言之,本發 明係關於包含LC-PUFA之母體食物組合物及其用途。 【先前技術】 二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6n-3)為人類中樞神經系統之 高度特化膜脂質之重要結構組份。DHA為視網膜桿狀細胞 及錐狀細胞之外段中的主要長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA),其中其可構成磷脂醯乙醇胺(PE)及磷脂醯絲胺酸 (PS)中高達50%之脂肪酸,且可構成高達80%之所有多不 飽和脂肪酸。 此等膜經特化以用於快速光透射且含有90%至95°/。之為 磷脂之脂質。磷脂含有罕見的PE、PS及磷脂醢膽鹼(PC)物 質,其中醯基均為DHA。 約10°/。之大腦重量及50%之其乾重對應於脂質。此等脂 質中約一半為磷脂,其中有約20%膽固醇、15%至20%腦 苷脂及較少量之硫脂(sulphatide)及神經節苷脂。 腦灰質之磷脂在PE及PS中含有較高比例之DHA且在磷 脂醯肌醇(PI)中含有大量二十碳四烯酸(ARA)。 妊娠為生命中調節神經結構中之脂肪酸分布概況的極敏 感時期。已有報導稱在妊娠期間母體血漿磷脂中之脂肪酸 總量增加51%且ARA及DHA之絕對量分別增加23%及52% (A1等人,Am J· Clin Nutr 2000)。近來,據報導在妊娠期 間,DHA最高富集於磷脂醯膽鹼中,約230% (Burdge等 139506.doc 200946033 人,Reprod. Nutr. Dev 2006)。 DHA及其他重要LC-PUFA理論上可由其前驅物亞麻油酸 (LA)及α-次亞麻油酸(ALA)生物合成。然而,動物不能合 成此兩種前驅物(所謂的必需脂肪酸)且因此此等化合物必 須自膳食中獲得。 目前市場上有眾多調配物供經口食用以增加體内之DHA 含量及促進DHA之正性效應。舉例而言,通常將魚油投與 兒童以促進其發育。 近來,已發現DHA之膳食形式似乎對使DHA特異性靶向 大腦具有決定性作用(參見圖1)。舉例而言,已展示二十二 碳六烯醯基PC或其溶解衍生物為DHA至大腦之較佳載體形 式(Lagarde等人,J. Mol. Neuroscience, 2001 ; Brossard等 人,J. Lipid. Res. 1997 ; Lemaitre-Delaunay 等人,】· Lipid. Res. 1999 ; Thies等人,Am. J. Physiology 1994)。 然而,現今可用的所有調配物皆需要該調配物由待治療 之個體食用。此意謂意欲用DHA補充其營養之個體必須能 夠獨立地食用相關調配物。此當然排除未出生的胎兒及新 生兒。 將需要能夠使用一種調配物,其使得(例如)亦對未出生 的胎兒或對處於母親泌乳期間之兒童在其儘可能之幼年時 期進行DHA補充。然而,近來已展示ALA及LA補充並不 增加母體及新生兒的LC-PUFA濃度(de Groot等人,Am J. Clin Nutr 2004)。 【發明内容】 139506.doc 200946033 本發明者已解決此需要。因此,本發明之目標在於改善 現有技術水平及為此項技術提供可投與妊娠及泌乳期間之 母親及增加新生兒之DH A含篁的調配物,例如以促進新生 兒大腦及視網膜發育。 本發明者已驚奇地發現此目標可由申請專利範圍獨立項 之標的物解決。隨附申請專利範圍進一步展開本發明。 本發明允許在嬰兒發育期間將DHA併入及/或積聚至大 腦及/或視網膜中。已鑑別出DHA或其前驅物之可食用來 源,在食用其之後將保證嬰兒在子宮内及早期發育期間大 腦及視網膜中DHA之積聚。 本發明者已驚奇地發現本發明之母體食物組合物不僅在 直接投與嬰兒時有效,且在投與母親時亦有效。所觀察到 的此效應使得本發明之母體食物組合物能夠治療不能自行 食用食物之嬰兒及未出生的胎兒。 儘管本發明之母體食物組合物主要意欲供人類母親食 用但其可同樣良好地應用於非人類哺乳動物尤其寵物 動物、寵物及/或家畜。 口此本發明之一實施例為一種包含脂質來源之母體食 物:卫口物’其中該脂質來源包括至少-種呈選自由以下各 者組成之群之形式的LC-PUFA :磷脂(pL)、PC、pE、冰乙 酿鱗脂酿乙醇胺(NAPE)、PI及ps。 母體食物組合物為供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用的 食物組合物。 ^ PUFA較佳選自由以下各者組成之群:ARA、二十碳 139506.doc 200946033 三烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳 五烯酸(DPA)及二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。 DHA尤其較佳,因為其為主要發現(例如)於人類中樞神 經系統中及視網膜桿狀細胞及錐狀細胞之外段中之LC-PUFA。然而,較佳亦可能提供並非原樣而呈前驅物形式 之DHA,諸如ALA、十八碳四稀酸、n-3二十碳三稀酸、n-3二十碳四稀酸、二十碳五稀酸(EPA)或η-3二十二破五稀 酸。其具有以下優點:即體内可按需產生DHA。因此,體 内可確保最佳的DHA供應。 對於孕婦而言,DHA、ARA、二十碳三烯酸、ΕΡΑ及/或 DPA之日劑量較佳在100 mg與500 mg之間,更佳在200 mg 與400 mg之間。組合物中DHA、花生四浠酸、二十礙三烯 酸、EPA及/或DPA之量因此可根據該組合物意欲供一天一 次食用或更頻繁食用而相應地選擇。舉例而言,意欲供一 天一次食用之組合物可含有200 mg DHA、ARA、二十碳 三烯酸、EPA及/或DPA。 LC-PUFA内含物(例如呈含有DHA之磷月旨形式)可以下列 形式提供:源自動物之PL來源,尤其磷蝦油、蝦油或獲自 魚副產物(諸如頭部、内臟)之油,或魚卵卵磷脂或蛋黃卵 磷 S旨,或含有LC-PUFA之印填脂,例如以化學方式或以酶 促方式合成之含有LC-PUFA之卵磷脂。 磷蝦油(例如)為PC-DHA及其他PC-LC-PUFA之市售來源 且將有效促進大腦及視網膜發育。典型的磷蝦脂質萃取物 具有在30%至45%範圍内之磷脂含量,以PC作為主要類別 139506.doc 200946033 (參見圖2)。 母體食物組合物較佳可包含呈選自由以下各者組成之群 之形式的LC-PUFA :含有DHA之磷脂、含有ARA之磷脂、 含有二十碳三烯酸之磷脂、含有EPA之磷脂及/或含有DPA 之磷脂,該LC-PUFA之量在該LC-PUFA來源中介於0.1%與 50%脂質之間。 食物組合物中呈含有DHA之磷脂、含有ARA之磷脂、含 有二十碳三烯酸之磷脂、含有EPA之磷脂及/或含有DPA之 磷脂形式的LC-PUFA内含物可提供約0.1%-50%之總食物組 合物熱量。 該組合物較佳貫穿整個妊娠期服用以增加母體之DHA儲 存量,儘管於姓娠中間三個月(the second trimester)且更特 定枉娠末三個月(the third trimester)中補充被認為特別有 利。 同樣,可在出生之後繼續補充,例如,若嬰兒將接受哺 乳,則經由母親繼續食用該組合物來補充。 .本發明之組合物亦可直接投與嬰兒,例如藉由將本發明 之組合物包括於用於餵給嬰兒之嬰兒配方中來達成。嬰兒 配方中之合適DHA、ARA、二十碳三烯酸、EPA及/或DPA 含量介於該配方總脂肪酸之0.2重量%與0.8重量%範圍内。 根據請求項1之食物組合物可進一步包含益生菌。 「益生菌」意謂對宿主之健康或良好狀態具有有益效應 的微生物細胞製劑或微生物細胞組份。(Salminen S, Ouwehand A· Benno Y.等人,「Probiotics: how should they 139506.doc 200946033 be defined」Trends Food Sci_ Technol. 1999:10 107-10) 〇 由於妊娠及泌乳期間之母親通常在生理上與心理上均處 於高壓力下,因此益生菌對母親之健康或良好狀態之正性 效應可為母親與成長中嬰兒兩者所需的。 詳言之,合適益生菌可選自由雙岐桿菌、乳桿菌、鏈球 菌及酵母菌或其混合物組成之群,尤其選自由龍根雙岐桿 菌(Bifidobacterium longum)、乳酸雙岐桿菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)、嗜酸乳桿菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、鼠李糖乳 桿菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、約氏乳桿菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)、植物乳桿菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、 唾液乳 桿菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、糞鏈球菌(Streptococcus faecium)、哮酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces boulardii)及洛德乳 桿菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)或其混合物組成之群,較佳選 自由約氏乳桿菌NCC 533 (CNCM 1-1225)、龍根雙岐桿菌 NCC 490(CNCM 1-2170)、龍根雙岐桿菌 NCC 2705(CNCM 1-2618)、乳酸雙岐桿菌Bbl2、乳酸雙岐桿菌 NCC2818(CNCM 1-3446)、畐】J 乾酪乳桿菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)NCC 2461(CNCM 1-2116)、鼠李糖乳桿菌 GG、 鼠李糖乳桿菌NCC4007(CGMCC 1.3724)、糞腸球菌 (Enterococcus faecium)SF 68(NCIMB 10415)及其混合物組 成之群。 本發明之食物組合物可進一步包含蛋白質來源及/或碳 水化合物來源及視情況選用之礦物質來源、維生素來源及 /或抗氧化劑來源。 139506.doc 200946033 此等成份之存在可具有眾多優點。其將(例如)允許提供 呈確保母親之恰當營養之完全營養配方形式的本發明Μ 物蛋白質及碳水化合物之存在亦可對該組合物之味道起 作用。亦可將另一脂質來源併入。 發月之食物組合物(例如)可為食物添加劑、保健食物 或藥劑。在—實施例中,食物組合物為營養組合物。組合 物例如可為完全營養配方、營養補充劑、食物產品(諸如 乳製品、:水凍或耐貯存飲料或湯)、膳食補充劑、膳食替 代物或營養棒。 可使用任何合親食蛋白作為蛋白f來源,合適腾食蛋 白為例如動物蛋白(諸如乳蛋白、肉蛋白及卵蛋白);植物 蛋白(諸如大且蛋白、小麥蛋白、稻米蛋白及豌豆蛋白); 游離胺基酸之混合物;或其組合。諸如路蛋白及乳清之乳 蛋白及大豆蛋白尤其較佳。組合物亦可含有碳水化合物來 源及脂肪來源。 右組合物除包括DHA、ARA、二十碳三烯酸、epa及/或 & #脂肪來源’則該脂肪來源較佳提供至 40 /。之組合物(例如配方)能量·,例如至π%之能量。合 適脂肪分布概況可使用菜㈣、玉米油及高油酸向日蔡油 之換合物獲得。 可添加奴水化合物來源。其較佳提供4〇%至8〇%之組合 物(例如配方)能量。可使用任何合適碳水化合物,例如蔗 糖乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、玉米糖漿固形物、麥芽糊精及 其混合物。需要時亦可添加膳食纖維。膳食纖維通過小腸 ΙΟ Ι 39506,doc 200946033 而不經酶消化且充當天然的膨化劑及輕瀉劑。膳食纖維可 為可溶的或不可溶的,且一般而言兩種類型之摻合物較 佳。合適之膳食纖維來源包括大豆、豌豆、燕麥、果膠、 瓜爾膠、阿拉伯膠、果寡醣、半乳寡醣、唾液乳糖及來源 於動物乳之寡醣。較佳纖維摻合物為菊糖與較短鏈果寡醣 之混合物。較佳地,若存在纖維’則纖維含量介於每公升 所食用配方10 g與40 g之間。 根據諸如USRDA之政府機構之推薦,組合物亦可含有礦 物質及微量營養素,諸如微量元素及維生素。舉例而言, 組合物每日劑量可含有一或多種以下處於給定範圍内之微 量營養素:300 至 500 mg#5、50 至 100 mg 鎂、150 至 250 mg 填、5 至 20 mg鐵、1至 7 mg鋅、0·1 至 0.3 mg銅、50至 200 pg碘、5至15 硒、1〇〇〇至3000 pg β胡蘿蔔素、1〇至8〇 mg維生素C、1至2 mg維生素Β1、0.5至1.5 mg維生素Β6、 0.5至2 mg維生素Β2、5至18 mg菸鹼酸、0.5至2.0 維生 素B12、1〇〇至800 pg葉酸、30至70 pg生物素、1至5料維 生素D、3至10 pg維生素E。 需要時可使用一或多種食品級乳化劑;例如單甘油醋及 二甘油酯之二乙醯酒石酸酯、卵磷脂及單甘油酯及二甘油 Θ旨。類似地可包括合適鹽及穩定劑。 若本發明之食物組合物為完全營養配方’則其可以任何 合適方式來製備。舉例而言,其可藉由將蛋白質、碳水化 合物來源及脂肪來源(包括呈適當比例之Dha)摻合在一起 而製備。若使用乳化劑,則可在此時包括乳化劑。此時可 139506.doc 200946033 添加維生素及礦物質但通常稍後添加以避免熱降解。可將 任何親脂性維生素、乳化劑及其類似物在摻合之前溶解於 脂肪來源中。接著可將水,較佳為混入已經過逆滲透之水 以形成液體混合物。水之溫度適宜為約50〇c至約8〇t以有 助於成份之分散。可使用市售之液化劑來形成液體混合 物。接著例如分兩階段將該液體混合物均質化。 接著可藉由例如在約5秒至約5分鐘内將液體混合物快速 加熱至約80 C至約150。(:之範圍内的溫度來對液體混合物
進行熱處理以降低細菌負荷。此可藉由蒸汽注入、高壓釜 或藉由熱交換器(例如板式熱交換器)進行。 接著,可例如藉由急驟冷卻將液體混合物冷卻至約⑼它 至約85t。接著可再次將液體混合物均質化;例如分兩階 段,第一階段在約l〇MPa至約3〇MPaT,且第二階段在約 2 MPa至約10 MPa下。接著可將均質化混合物進一步冷卻 以添加任何熱敏性組份;諸如維生素及礦物質。此時適宜 地調整均質化混合物之?11值及固體含量。 若 霧乾 粉末
需要產生粉末配方,則將均質化混合物轉移至諸如喷 燥機或冷凍乾燥機之合適乾燥裝置中,且將其轉化成 。粉末應具有小於約5重量%之水分含量。 右需要產生液體配方,則較佳藉由將均f化混合物預 (例如至約75至阶)且接著將蒸汽注人均質化混合物中 將溫度升高至約140至16吖;例如在約15〇力下將均 化混合物無菌填充至合適容器中。接著可例如藉由急驟 部將均質化混合物冷卻至㈣至价之溫度^接著可將 139506.doc 12 200946033 質化混合物均質化,進一步冷;S卩5; & h 7令部至約室溫且填充至容器 中。進行此類無菌填充之合適裴置凫古 衣1馬市售的。液體組合物 可呈具有約10至約B重量%之固體含量的即饒型配方形式 或可呈通常具有約20至約26重量%之固體含量的濃縮物形 式。 若本發明之食物組合物為食物補充劑,則其例如可呈錠 劑、膠囊、片劑或液體形式。補充劑可進一步含有保護性 水膠體(諸如樹膠、蛋白質、改性:殿 ^ φ 又汪叔粉)、黏合劑、成膜 劑、囊封劑/材料、壁/般材料、基質化合物、衣料、乳化 劑、表面活性劑、增溶劑(油、脂肪、蠟、卵磷脂等)、吸 附劑、載劑、填充劑、輔助化合物、分散劑、濕潤劑、加 工助劑(溶劑)、助流劑、味覺掩蔽劑、增重劑、膠凝劑、 成膠劑、抗氧化劑及抗微生物劑。補充劑亦可含有習知醫 藥添加劑及佐劑、賦形劑及稀釋劑,包括(但不限於)水、 任何來源之明膠、植物樹膠、木質素磺酸鹽、滑石、糖、 ❹ 殿粉、阿拉伯膠、植物油、聚伸烷二醇、芳香劑、防腐 劑、穩定劑、乳化劑、緩衝劑、潤滑劑、著色劑、濕潤 劑、填充劑及其類似物。 本發明之食物組合物較佳可經腸投與;例如呈用乳或水 復原之粉末或液體濃縮物、固體產物或即飲型飲料形式。 本發明之一貫施例為一種用於促進新生兒大腦發育的包 含脂質來源之母體食物組合物,其中該脂質來源包括至少 一種呈選自由以下各者組成之群之形式的LC-puFA : PL、 PC、PE、Ν-ΝΑΡΕ、PI、ps或其溶解衍生物。 139506.doc -13- 200946033 本發明亦係關於一種用於治療或預防新生兒大腦發育遲 緩的包含脂質來源之母體食物組合物,其中該脂質來源包 括至少一種呈選自由以下各者組成之群之形式的!^· PUFA : PL、PC、PE、N-NAPE、PI、ps及/或其溶解衍生 物。 因此,本發明亦係關於上述母體食物組合物於製備供蛀 娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以促進新生兒大腦發育之產 品的用途。 再者’本發明亦係關於上述母體食物組合物於製備供妊 娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以治療或預防新生兒大腦發 育遲緩之產品的用途。 本發明之母體食物組合物若由妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母 親食用則亦提供許多其他益處。 發現本發明之母體食物組合物例如適用於改善母乳中之 DHA含量,改善新生兒眼睛發育,改善新生兒視網膜中 dha之積聚,改善新生兒大腦膠質細胞PS*DHA之長期積 聚’改善新生兒血漿及/或紅血球中之DHA含量及/或改善 母親血漿及/或紅血球中之DHA含量。 因此’本發明亦係關於本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠 及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒大腦中DHA之積 聚及/或改善母乳中之DHA含量的用途。 另一實施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供姓娠及/或泌 乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒眼睛發育之用途。 另一實施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供蛀娠及/或泌 139506.doc •14- 200946033 乳期間之母親食用以治療或預防新生兒眼睛發育遲緩之用 途。 另貫施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠及/或泌 乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒視網膜中DHA之積聚的用 途。 、 另—實施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠及/或泌 <月間之母親食用以治療或預防新生兒視網膜中DHA之積 聚削弱的用途。 一另—實施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠及/或泌 乳J間之母親食用以改善新生兒大腦膠質細胞PS中DHA之 又’月積聚及/或改善新生兒血漿及/或紅血球中之含量 的用途。 另實施例為本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠及/或泌 乳期間之母親食用以改善母親血漿及/或紅血球中之dha 含量的用途。 _ 本發明亦係關於本發明之母體食物組合物供妊娠及/或 ‘、、乳J間之母親食用以治療或預防母親血漿及/或紅血球 中之DHA含量過低的用途。 熟習此項技術者將瞭解本說明書中所述之任何特徵可在 不背離所揭示之本發明範疇下自由組合。詳言之對於本 發明之組合物所描述之所有特徵均適用於本發明之用途且 反之亦然。 【實施方式】 本發明之其他特徵及優點自以下實例及圖中顯而易見。 139506.doc 200946033 實例: A.研究設計 A.1·膳食 使用三種不同膳食來餵養妊娠及泌乳期間之母畜。所有 此等膳食中之基本巨量營養素分布相同(參見表1)。對照膳 食不含有DHA或其他LC-PUFA而DHA-TG及DHA-PL組含有 相同含量之以三酸甘油酯(TG)(魚油)或磷脂(PL)(磷蝦油) 形式添加於此等膳食中之DHA。在磷蝦油中,DHA與磷脂 相關聯且主要與磷脂醢膽鹼相關聯。斷奶期(出生後21天) 之後,對所有新生兒均餵以不含DHA之膳食。成長膳食之 組成提供於表1中。 表1 :實驗膳食之組成 供給妊娠及泌乳期之雌性之 供給斷奶期之 膳食 後的幼鼠之膳 食 對照 DHA- DHA-PL TG 成長膳食 每公斤膳食之公克數 脂質 200 包括 18:2n-6 34.12 18:3n-3 6.44 DHA - 酪蛋白 270 澱粉 200 葡萄糖 207.65 非營養性纖維 50 200 200 50 33.12 32.68 35 3.46 3.34 7 1.2 1.2 - 270 270 180 200 200 460 207.65 207.65 230 50 50 20 139506.doc 16- 200946033 維生素(混合物) 10 10 10 10 礦物質(混合物) 50.85 50.85 50.85 50 L-甲硫胺酸 2.5 2.5 2.5 - 膽鹼 2.75 2.75 2.75 - 肌醇 6.25 6.25 6.25 A. 2.研究設計 © 使 Sprague Dawley 鼠在控制光照(7:00AM-7:00PM 開 燈)、溫度(22±1°C )及濕度(55-60%)之條件下交配10天..且 餵以任一實驗膳食。圖3中之圖表報導實驗設計,包括在 各時間點處死之動物數目。 如圖3中所示,將新生雄性幼鼠在出生14天及21天之後 處死。對在第14天處死之鼠分析胃内含物之脂肪酸組成, 以便測定母乳之脂肪酸組成。斷奶期(出生後之21天)之 後,對所有動物餵以不含有DHA或其他類型之LC-PUFA之 參 對照膳食。測定所有處死動物之視網膜、大腦膠質細胞總 PL、PS及PE之脂肪酸組成。在指定時間點進行標準 • (Ganzfeld)及閃爍視網膜電圖(ERG)分析。 • B.結果 B. 1. PC-DHA對母乳DHA含量之效應 分析胃内含物之脂肪酸組成以反映母乳之脂肪酸組成。 圖4中所報導之資料顯示,與對照膳食(藍色條)相比,兩種 含有DHA之膳食中,均加強n-3 PUFA,且尤指DHA之吸 139506.doc -17- 200946033 收。與其他膳食相比,在DHA-PL組中觀察到DHA含量顯 著增加’其展示母體膳食中補充DHA-PL比補充DHA-TG有 效0 B. 2. PC-DHA對新生兒視網膜中DHA含量之效應 測定出生14天及2 1天之新生雄性鼠視網膜之脂肪酸組成 (參見圖5)。與對照組相比,母體膳食中補充DHA對新生 兒視網膜中之DHA含量有影響。在出生第14天,DHA-PL 展示比DHA-TG適度優良的效應。然而,在第21天觀察到 相反的趨勢。斷奶期之後,動物僅接受α-次亞麻油酸作為 η-3脂肪酸來源。採用此膳食3個月之後,視網膜脂肪酸組 成之分析揭示,餵以DHA-PL之動物之DHA含量統計上高 於其他兩組動物之DHA含量。此結果顯示DHA-PL用作妊 娠及泌乳期間之補充劑對視網膜中之DHA含量具有長期效 應。 B. 3. PC-DHA對由視網膜電圖(ERG)所量測之視覺功能之 效應 對21天之新生兒所進行之閃爍ERG實驗之結果展示 DHA-PL·治療改善桿狀細胞敏感性(參見圖ό)。此發現與人 類色素性視網膜炎有關,該病症為一種特徵為桿狀細胞 (在一些情況下連同錐狀細胞)中之視紫質含量降低及微光 視覺靈敏度降低之人類病狀(參見Perlman等人,Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1981 、Aguirre 等人,Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis· Sci. 1997、Anderson 等人,Mol. Vis. 2002、Hartong等人,Lancet 2006)。 139506.doc -18- 200946033 B_ 4. PC-DHA對大腦膠質細胞磷脂中DHA含量之效應 如圖7中所報導,兩種DHA膳食均顯著增加自14天及斷 奶之雄性幼犬之大腦膠質細胞中純化的PS中之DHA含量 (p<0.0001)。有趣地,在DHA-PL組中即使在3個月時PS中 之DHA亦保持在恆定值(3 0.5。/。),而在DHA-TG組中並非如 此,此展示在斷奶與3個月期間DHA減少(p = 0.0019)。相 反,儘管與對照膳食相比DHA-TG及DHA-PL膳食增加第14 天、第21天及3個月之後PE中之DHA含量(p<〇 〇〇〇1),但 在兩種DHA膳食中在斷奶與3個月齡期間DHA之比例展示 較低的年齡依賴性減少(p<0.0001)。 C.結論 本研究之一些關鍵結果為投與本發明之母體食物組合物 以替代使用補充有魚油的標準母體膳食允許 -改善母乳中之DHA含量, -改善新生兒視網膜中DHA之積聚, -加速新生兒視網膜之成熟,及/或 -改善大腦膠質細胞PS中DHA之長期積聚。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1 : DHA經由膳食PC-DHA至大腦中之較佳併入(縮 寫:GI,胃腸道及BBB,血腦障壁)。 圖2 : (A)磷脂類別分布及(B)磷脂酿贍鹼(PC)之脂肪酸組 成。 圖3 :研究設計 圖4 :接受食用對照(藍色條)、DHA-TG(黃色條)或DHA- 139506.doc -19· 200946033 PL(紅色條)膳食之雌性之母乳的幼犬之胃内含物中之dha 含量。 圖5 :接受食用對照(藍色條)、DHA-TG(黃色條)或DhA-PL(紅色條)膳食之雌性之母乳的幼犬在第μ天、第21天視 網膜中之DHA含量。第21天之後’新生兒在3個月期間接 受對照膳食且資料報導於最後的晝面(右側)中。 圖6 :在第21天對接受食用對照(藍色條)、DHA-TG(黃 色條)或DHA-PL(紅色條)膳食之雌性之母乳的幼犬進行之 閃爍視網膜電圖(ERG)測試之結果。 圖7 :接受食用對照(藍色條)、DHA-TG(黃色條)或DHA-PL(紅色條)膳食之雌性之母乳的幼犬在第14天、第21天PE 及PS大腦膠質細胞中之DHA含量。第21天之後,新生兒在 3個月期間接受對照膳食且資料報導於最後的畫面(右側) 中0 139506.doc -20·
Claims (1)
- 200946033 七、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種包含脂質來源之母體食物組合物,其中該脂質來源 包括至少一種呈選自由以下各者組成之群之形式的LC-PUFA :磷脂(PL)、磷脂醯膽鹼(PC)、磷脂醯乙醇胺 (PE)、N-醢基磷脂醯乙醇胺(NAPE)、磷脂醯肌醇(PI)、 •磷脂醯絲胺酸(PS)及/或其溶解衍生物。 2. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其中該LC-PUFA 係選自由以下各者組成之群:花生四烯酸、二十碳三烯 β 酸、二十碳五烯酸及二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)。 3. 如請求項1之食物組合物,其進一步包含益生菌,其中 該益生菌較佳選自由雙岐桿菌、乳桿菌、鏈球菌及酵母 菌或其混合物組成之群,尤其選自由龍根雙岐桿菌 (Bifidobacterium longum)、 乳酸雙 岐桿 菌 (Bifidobacterium lactis)、嗜酸乳桿菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、鼠李糖乳桿菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus) ' β 約氏乳桿菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)、植物乳桿菌 (Lactobacillus plantarum)、唾液乳桿菌(Lactobacillus • salivarius)、糞鏈球菌(Streptococcus faecium)、啤酒酵 • 母菌(Saccharomyces boulardii)及洛德乳桿菌 (Lactobacillus reuteri)或其混合物組成之群,較佳選自由 約氏乳桿菌NCC 53 3(CNCM 1-1225)、龍根雙岐桿菌NCC 490(CNCM 1-2170)、龍根雙岐桿菌 NCC 2705(CNCM I-2618)、乳酸雙岐桿菌Bbl2、乳酸雙岐桿菌 139506.doc 200946033 NCC2818(CNCM 1-3446)、副乾酪乳桿菌(Lactobacillus paraeasei)NCC 2461(CNCM 1-2116)、鼠李糖乳桿菌 GG、 鼠李糖乳桿菌NCC4007(CGMCC 1.3724)、糞腸球菌 (Enterococcus faecium)SF 68(NCIMB 10415)及其混合物 組成之群。 4. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其係供妊娠及/或 泌乳期間食用。 5. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其進一步包含蛋 白質來源及/或碳水化合物來源及視情況選用之礦物質來 源、維生素來源及/或抗氧化劑來源。 6. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其中該呈選自由 含有DHA之磷脂組成之群中形式的LC-PUFA内含物係在 該脂質來源中0.1%與50%之間之脂質。 7. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其中該呈含有 DHA之磷脂之形式的LC-PUFA内含物提供約0.1%-50%之 該食物組合物熱量。 8. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其中該呈含有 DHA之磷脂之形式的LC-PUFA内含物係以下列形式提 供:源自動物之磷脂來源,尤其磷蝦油、蝦油或獲自魚 副產物(諸如頭部、内臟)之油’或魚卵卵磷脂或蛋黃卵 磷酯,或含有LC-PUFA之卵磷脂,例如以化學方式或以 酶促方式合成之含有LC-PUFA之卵磷脂。 9. 如前述請求項中任一項之食物組合物,其中該食物組合 物意欲供人類或動物,尤其寵物動物食用。 139506.doc 200946033 i〇. —種如請求項丨至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以促進新生兒 大腦發育的產品。 11. 一種如請求項丨至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途,其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒 大腦中DHA之積聚,及/或改善母乳中之DHA含量的產 品。 12. —種如請求項丨至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒 眼睛發育的產品。 13. 種如凊求項1至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途,其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒 視網膜中DHA之積聚的產品。 14. 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善新生兒 大腦膠質細胞磷脂醯絲胺酸中DHA之長期積聚,及/或改 善新生兒血漿及/或紅血球中之DHA含量的產品。 15· —種如請求項1至9中任一項之食物組合物之用途其係 用於製備供妊娠及/或泌乳期間之母親食用以改善該母親 血漿及/或紅血球中之DHA含量的產品。 139506.doc 200946033 四、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為··第(4 )圖。 (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: (無元件符號說明) φ 五、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: (無)139506.doc
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009121839A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
| JP2011516054A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
| CN102046028A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
| US20110028434A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| EP2110027A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| CL2009000799A1 (es) | 2010-04-09 |
| EP2262382A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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