200849697 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種保護電路，尤指一種電池充電保護 電路。 【先前技術】 目前，充電器除了具有充電功能，大多數充電器都還 具有一定的保護功能，譬如對電池之過充及短路的保護功 能。由於充電電池是容性負載，所以對充電器之充電電壓 有嚴格限制，但是習知充電器中對充電電壓沒有嚴格要 求，也沒有相應之過電壓保護電路。如果使用者不小心使 用了高於標準電壓之充電電壓給電池充電，就可能使電池 之充電控制晶片失控，造成不可預料之隱患，譬如某些場 效應電晶體元器件之溫度快速升高，使電池冒煙起火，更 嚴重的還可能引起電池爆炸，不僅損害電池還可能引起火 災。 另外，習知充電器有的設計爲兩針插頭，但沒有進行 防呆設計，若兩針插頭插錯時，充電極性剛好相反，如果 直接給電池充電，極易損壞電池。 因是，實有必要對習知之充電器進行改良，以消除上 述缺失。 【發明内容】 鑒於以上内容，有必要提供一種在充電電壓過壓時對 電池進行保護之電池充電保護電路。 一種電池充電保護電路，包括一充電電源輸入端、一 6 200849697 •穩壓二極體、一分壓裝置、—驅動裝置、一開 •充電電源輸出端，該充電電源於 極連接，該穩壓二極體之==端穩壓二極體之陰 極透過該分 動裝置包括一輸入端及一輪出媸^ I衣置接地，该驅 „ 翰出^，該開關裝置包括一杵错丨丨 知、-輸入端及-輪出端，該分壓 工制 裝置之輸入端連接，該驅動裝置之於^ 與動 源輸入端與該開關裝置之輸-端連 电电源輸入端提供一充電 接。玄充 -設定之標準充電電壓，4= 體之穩麼值爲 带斥和- 田該充電電源輸入端提供之充帝 电壓超過該穩麼二極體之 之充电 制訊號使該開關裝置不導二…亥驅動裝置輸出-控 相車乂習知技術，該充山 過該穩壓二極體之釋壓;、：％提供之充電電壓超 使該開關裝置不導^ , τ 動裝置輸出該控制訊號 充電電麼，該充電 ^电源輪入端提供之 【實施方式】 池因過壓充電而損壞。 輪出，可防止電 月^閱圖1，本發明電池充電保罐㊆饮 :設置在—充電器"圖 、：：之較佳實施 括-充電電源輪入端10、_釋麼二：二也充電保護電路 —驅動裝置3〇、— " 體Ζ、一分壓裝置2 ~開關裝置40及一亦★ +200849697 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a protection circuit, and more particularly to a battery charging protection circuit. [Prior Art] At present, in addition to the charging function, most chargers also have certain protection functions, such as protection against overcharging and short circuit of the battery. Since the rechargeable battery is a capacitive load, there is a strict limit on the charging voltage of the charger, but there is no strict requirement for the charging voltage in the conventional charger, and there is no corresponding overvoltage protection circuit. If the user accidentally uses a charging voltage higher than the standard voltage to charge the battery, the battery charging control chip may be out of control, causing unpredictable hidden dangers, such as the rapid rise of the temperature of some field effect transistor components. The battery emits smoke and fire, and more serious may cause the battery to explode, not only damage the battery but also cause a fire. In addition, the conventional charger is designed as a two-pin plug, but it does not have a foolproof design. If the two-pin plug is inserted incorrectly, the charging polarity is just the opposite. If the battery is directly charged, the battery is easily damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the conventional charger to eliminate the above-mentioned missing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a battery charging protection circuit that protects a battery when a charging voltage is overvoltage. A battery charging protection circuit comprises a charging power input end, a 6 200849697 • a voltage stabilizing diode, a voltage dividing device, a driving device, an open charging power output terminal, the charging power source is connected at a pole, the voltage regulator The cathode of the diode of the diode of the == terminal is connected to the grounding device through the input device and the grounding device is grounded, and the driving device includes a fault. The input terminal and the wheel terminal are connected to the input end of the voltage dividing device, and the driving device provides a charging connection between the input terminal and the power input terminal of the switching device. Xuan Chong - set the standard charging voltage, 4 = the value of the body is the repulsion and - the charging voltage input provided by the charging power supply exceeds the voltage of the stable diode, so that the switching device does not guide Second...Hai drive device output-phase-controlled car 乂 conventional technology, the charge is over the voltage of the regulator diode; ,:% of the charge voltage provided by the switch device does not lead to ^, τ move device output Control signal charging, this charging ^ power wheel Provided by the [Implementation] The pool is damaged due to over-voltage charging. Turning out, can prevent electricity month, read Figure 1, the battery charging of the present invention, seven drinks: set in the - charger " map, :: the preferred implementation Including - charging power supply terminal 10, _ release two: two also charging protection circuit - drive device 3 〇, - " body Ζ, a voltage divider device 2 ~ switch device 40 and one also ★
該充電電源於Α 。 充电電源輪出端5C 接，该穩壓二極 —極體Ζ之陰極 之％極透過該分壓裝置2〇接地。 200849697 、驅動裝置30包括一輸入端及一輸出端，該開關裝置40包 -括一控制端、一輸入端及一輸出端。該分壓裝置20之輸出 端與該驅動裝置30之輸入端連接，該驅動裝置30之輸出 端與該開關裝置40之控制端連接，該充電電源輸入端10 與該開關裝置40之輸入端連接，該開關裝置40之輸出端 與該充電電源輸出端50連接。 該分壓裝置20包括一電阻R1及一電阻R2，該穩壓 二極體Z之陽極透過該電阻R1及該電阻R 2串聯後接地’ 該電阻R1及該電阻R2之節點爲該分壓裝置20之輸出端。 該驅動裝置30包括一第一 NPN型電晶體Q1、一第二 NPN型電晶體Q2、一電阻R3、一電阻R4、一第一發光二 極體D1及一第二發光二極體D2。 該第一 NPN型電晶體Q1之基極作爲該驅動裝置30 之輸入端與該分壓裝置20之輸出端連接，該第一 NPN型 電晶體Q1之射極接地，該第一 NPN型電晶體Q1之集極 與該電阻R3之一端連接。該電阻R3之另一端與該第一發 光二極體D1之陰極連接，該第一發光二極體D1之陽極 與該充電電源輸入端10連接。 該第二NPN型電晶體Q2之基極與該第一 NPN型電 晶體Q1之集極連接，第二NPN型電晶體Q2之射極接地， 該第二NPN型電晶體Q2之集極與該電阻R4之一端連接。 該電阻R4之另一端與該第二發光二極體D2之陰極連 接，該第二發光二極體D2之陽極與該充電電源輸入端10 連接。該第二NPN型電晶體Q2之集極爲該驅動裝置30 8 200849697 之輸出端。 本實施方式該開關裝置40爲一 P通道金屬氧化物“ 導體（P-channel metal oxide semiconductor，pm〇s )。半 體Ml，該pm〇S電晶體M1之閘極作爲該開關妒 ％曰日 控制端與該驅動裝置3〇之輸出端連接，言亥PM〇s广之The charging power supply is at Α. The charging power supply wheel output terminal 5C is connected, and the voltage-stabilizing diode-pole of the cathode of the pole body is grounded through the voltage dividing device 2〇. 200849697, the driving device 30 includes an input end and an output end, and the switch device 40 includes a control end, an input end and an output end. An output end of the voltage dividing device 20 is connected to an input end of the driving device 30, an output end of the driving device 30 is connected to a control end of the switching device 40, and the charging power input terminal 10 is connected to an input end of the switching device 40. The output of the switching device 40 is connected to the charging power output 50. The voltage dividing device 20 includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2. The anode of the Zener diode Z is connected in series through the resistor R1 and the resistor R2. The node of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 is the voltage dividing device. 20 output. The driving device 30 includes a first NPN type transistor Q1, a second NPN type transistor Q2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a first LED diode D1 and a second LED Dipole D2. The base of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the output end of the voltage dividing device 20 as an input end of the driving device 30, and the emitter of the first NPN transistor Q1 is grounded, the first NPN transistor The collector of Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the first light-emitting diode D1, and the anode of the first light-emitting diode D1 is connected to the charging power input terminal 10. The base of the second NPN-type transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of the first NPN-type transistor Q1, the emitter of the second NPN-type transistor Q2 is grounded, and the collector of the second NPN-type transistor Q2 is One end of the resistor R4 is connected. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the cathode of the second LED D2, and the anode of the second LED D2 is connected to the charging power input terminal 10. The set of the second NPN type transistor Q2 is the output of the driving device 30 8 200849697. In the embodiment, the switching device 40 is a P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PM), a half body M1, and the gate of the pm〇S transistor M1 serves as the switch. The control terminal is connected to the output end of the driving device 3〇, 言海 PM〇s
Ml之源極作爲兮 電晶體 β 開關裝置40之輸入端與該充带 鈿10連接，該PMOS電曰雕⑷夕μ 充包毛溽輸入 40之輸出端與該充電電二之没極作爲該開關裝置 當充電的 书包，原輪出端50連接。 提供-正充電%充常插接時，該充電電源輸入端10 滤波後得到壓1^電壓可由市電透過變壓、整流 源輸入端10 靉2具有一穩壓值 壓值時供之充電曹， 田為充電電 型電：體穩I極體J 於該穩壓二極體2之穩 晶體因其基極爲紙:會被擊穿，此時該第-㈣ 該第二：集麵變爲高C止，該第-_型電 Q1之集柘N型電晶體Q2該第一發光二極體D1截止； 爲高電平Μ，所以讀基極與該第—NPN型電晶體 電平，讀广第二_;:::晶體q 2之基極也 體二聲光，二晶體02導通，其集極變爲低 PMOS t :極輿讀第二叫N 2導通並發光。該PM0S電晶 該觸之間^型電晶體02之集極連接，該 而導通，!4曰日賤Μι因其到一低私平之控制訊號，此時 PM0S電f ^電源輪广療電壓VGS小於臨界電壓（VT) 日日體W傳送给J 1〇提供之充電電壓透過該 讀充電電源輸出端5〇,該充電器 9 200849697 給電池正常充電。 當該充電電源輸入端ίο提供之充電電壓大於該穩壓 二極體Z之穩壓值時，該穩壓二極體Z被擊穿，此時該第 一 NPN型電晶體Q1基極透過該分壓裝置20分壓得到一 高電平電壓，該第一 NPN型電晶體Q1導通而使其集極變 爲低電平，該第一發光二極體D1導通而發光；該第二NPN 型電晶體Q2之基極與該第一 NPN型電晶體Q1之集極連 接，所以該第二NPN型電晶體Q2之基極也爲低電平，該 第二NPN型電晶體Q2截止，其集極變爲高電平，該第二 發光二極體D2截止。該PMOS電晶體Ml之閘極與該第 二NPN型電晶體Q2之集極連接，該PMOS電晶體Ml之 閘極得到一高電平之控制訊號，該PMOS電晶體Ml因其 閘-源電壓VGS大於臨界電壓（VT)而截止，從而切斷該充 電電源輸入端10提供之充電電壓，該充電電源輸出端50 無充電電壓輸出，該充電器停止給電池充電。 若充電器設計爲無防呆之兩針插頭，使用者插反插頭 後，該充電電源輸入端10提供之充電電壓爲一負電壓，該 第一 NPN型電晶體Q1及該第二NPN型電晶體Q2均處於 截止狀態，該第一發光二極體D1及該第二發光二極體D2 均不導通。該第二NPN型電晶體Q2之集極爲低電平，即 該PMOS電晶體Ml之閘極得到一低電平之控制訊號，該 PMOS電晶體Ml因其閘-源電壓VGS大於臨界電壓（VT) 而截止，從而切斷該充電電源輸入端10提供之充電電壓， 該充電電源輸出端50無充電電壓輸出，該充電器停止給電 10 200849697 -池充電，防止損壞電池。 -一本發明電池充電保護電路中該第一發光二極體Dl及 s第一發光二極體D2可設計成不同顏色，例如該第一發 光：極體D1爲紅色，該第二發光二極體D2爲綠色，當 。亥第一發光二極體Dl發光時可提醒使用者檢查充電器之 充私包壓，该第二發光二極體D2發光時可放心使用，都 不發光時應檢查充電器是否插反，可有效保護電池。 ^ 綜上所述，本發明符合發明專利要件，爰依法提出專 利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施方式，舉 凡熟悉本案技藝之人士，在爰依本發明精神所作之等效修 飾或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下之申請專利範圍内。 少 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係本發明電池充電保護電路之較佳實施方式之電 路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 充電電源輪入端 10 分壓裝置 20 驅動裝置 30 開關裝置 40 充電電源輸出端 50 穩壓二極體 Z 第一 NPN型電晶 體Q1 第二NPN型電晶體 Q2 第一發光二極體 D1 第二發光二極體 D2 PMOS電晶體 Ml 電阻 R1、 R2、R3、R4 11The source of the M1 is connected to the charging port 10 as an input end of the germanium transistor beta switching device 40, and the output terminal of the PMOS electric enthalpy (4) μμ 充 溽 溽 input 40 and the charging electrode 2 The switch device is connected to the original wheel outlet 50 when the charging bag is charged. Provided - positive charging % when fully plugged in, the charging power input terminal 10 is filtered to obtain a voltage of 1 ^ voltage can be supplied by the mains through the transformer, the rectification source input terminal 10 叆 2 has a constant voltage value for charging Cao, Tian is a rechargeable electric type: the body of the stable body I is stabilized by the crystal of the stabilized diode 2 because the base is extremely paper: it will be broken down, at this time the first - (four) the second: the set becomes high C, the first-type electric Q1 set 柘N-type transistor Q2 the first light-emitting diode D1 is cut off; is high level Μ, so the reading base and the first-NPN-type transistor level, read Wide second _;::: The base of crystal q 2 is also two sounds, the second crystal 02 is turned on, and its collector becomes low PMOS t: the pole is read and the second is called N 2 is turned on and emits light. The PM0S transistor is connected to the collector of the transistor 02, which is turned on, and the signal is controlled by a low-private control signal. At this time, the PM0S electric f ^ power wheel wide therapeutic voltage VGS is less than the threshold voltage (VT) The charging voltage supplied by the Japanese body W to J 1〇 is transmitted through the read charging power output terminal 5〇, and the charger 9 200849697 normally charges the battery. When the charging voltage provided by the charging power input terminal ίο is greater than the voltage regulation value of the Zener diode Z, the Zener diode Z is broken, and the base of the first NPN transistor Q1 is transmitted through the base. The voltage dividing device 20 divides the voltage to obtain a high level voltage, the first NPN type transistor Q1 is turned on to make its collector become a low level, and the first light emitting diode D1 is turned on to emit light; the second NPN type The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of the first NPN-type transistor Q1, so the base of the second NPN-type transistor Q2 is also at a low level, and the second NPN-type transistor Q2 is turned off, and the set is The pole changes to a high level, and the second light emitting diode D2 is turned off. The gate of the PMOS transistor M1 is connected to the collector of the second NPN transistor Q2, and the gate of the PMOS transistor M1 receives a high level control signal, and the PMOS transistor M1 has its gate-source voltage. VGS is greater than the threshold voltage (VT) and is turned off, thereby cutting off the charging voltage provided by the charging power input terminal 10. The charging power output terminal 50 has no charging voltage output, and the charger stops charging the battery. If the charger is designed as a two-pin plug without a foolproof, after the user inserts the reverse plug, the charging voltage supplied from the charging power input terminal 10 is a negative voltage, and the first NPN type transistor Q1 and the second NPN type electric The crystal Q2 is in an off state, and the first LED Dipole D1 and the second LED Dipole D2 are not turned on. The second NPN type transistor Q2 is set to a low level, that is, the gate of the PMOS transistor M1 obtains a low level control signal, and the PMOS transistor M1 is greater than the threshold voltage due to its gate-source voltage VGS. And cut off, thereby cutting off the charging voltage provided by the charging power input terminal 10, the charging power output terminal 50 has no charging voltage output, the charger stops feeding 10200849697 - the battery is charged to prevent damage to the battery. The first light-emitting diode D1 and the first light-emitting diode D2 in the battery charging protection circuit of the invention can be designed in different colors, for example, the first light-emitting: the polar body D1 is red, and the second light-emitting diode Body D2 is green when. When the first light-emitting diode D1 emits light, the user can be reminded to check the charging voltage of the charger. The second light-emitting diode D2 can be used safely when it emits light, and should check whether the charger is inserted or not when not emitting light. Effectively protect the battery. ^ In summary, the present invention complies with the patent requirements of the invention and submits a patent application according to law. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and equivalent modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art will be included in the following claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a battery charging protection circuit of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] Charging power supply wheel terminal 10 Voltage dividing device 20 Driving device 30 Switching device 40 Charging power supply output terminal 50 Regulator diode Z First NPN type transistor Q1 Second NPN type transistor Q2 First light Diode D1 Second LED Diode D2 PMOS transistor Ml Resistor R1, R2, R3, R4 11