TW200811156A - mGluR5 modulators IV - Google Patents
mGluR5 modulators IV Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200811156A TW200811156A TW096114397A TW96114397A TW200811156A TW 200811156 A TW200811156 A TW 200811156A TW 096114397 A TW096114397 A TW 096114397A TW 96114397 A TW96114397 A TW 96114397A TW 200811156 A TW200811156 A TW 200811156A
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- methyl
- hydrogen
- alkyl
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- Prior art date
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Description
200811156 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬技術領域】 發明領域 本發明係有關於新穎化合物,其於治療之用途及包含 • 5該新穎化合物之藥學組成物。
【先前技術;J 教 發明背景 麩胺酸係哺乳動物中樞神經系統(CNS)之主要的興奮 性神經傳導物質。麵胺酸係藉由與細胞表面之受體接合且 10藉此使細胞表面受體活化而產生其對中樞神經元之作用。 以受體蛋白質之結構特徵,受體使信號轉送至細胞内之手 段,及藥理學特性為基礎,此等受體已被分成二主要種類, 離子通道性及代謝性之麵胺酸受體。 代性麵胺酸受體(mGluR)係G蛋白質_偶合受體,其與 15麵胺酸結合後活化各種細胞内第二信使系統。完整之哺乳 動物神經元内之mGluR之活化誘發下列反應之一或多者: 活化磷酯酶C;增加磷酯醯肌醇(p〗)水解;釋放細胞内之鈣; 活化磷酯酶D;活化或抑制腺苷環化酶;增加或減少環狀腺 苷單碌酸構(cAMP)之形成;活化鳥苷酸環化酶;增加環狀 20鳥苷單攝酸鹽(cGMP)形成;活化磷酯酶A2 ;增加花生四稀 酸釋放;及增加或減少電壓及配位體門控通道之活性。
Schoepp 等人之 办尸⑺/ &/ 14:13 (1993),
Schoepp,Neurochem· Int· 24:439 (1994),Pin 等人之 Neuropharmacology 34:1 (1995),Bordi 及 Ugolini,Pwg· 5 200811156 59:55 (1999)。 分子克隆(Molecular cloning)已鑑別八種不同之mGluR 亞型,以mGluRl至mGluR8命名。Nakanishi,A^wrc^ 13:1031 (1994),Pin等人,34:1 (1995),Knopfel 5 等人之,/· Med· CT^m. 38:1417 (1995)。另外之受體多樣性 係經由交替接合型式之某些mGluR亞型之表現而發生。pin 等人,/WAS 89:10331 (1992),Minakami 等人,5凡RC 199:1136 (1994),Joly等人,J· 15:3970 (1995)。 代謝性麩胺酸受體亞型可以胺基酸序列同源性、受體 10 所用之第二信使系統,及藉由其藥理特性為基礎被再分成 三種類,第I類、第II類,及第III類之mGluRs。第I類mGluR 包含mGluRl、mGhiR5及其可變剪接之變體。激動劑與此 等受體之接合造成磷酯酶C之活化,及其後之細胞内鈣之動 員。 15 神經系統、精神性及疼痛之疾病 於闡明第I類mGluRs之病理學上角色之努力暗示此等 受體之活化誘發神經元興奮。各種研究已證實第I類mGluR 激動劑當施用於海馬體、大腦皮質、小腦及丘腦與其它CNS 區域之神經元時會產生突觸後興奮。證據指示此興奮係由 20 於突觸後mGluRs之直接活化,但其亦暗示突觸前mGluRs 之活化發生,造成增加之神經遞質釋放。Baskys,7>^2心 Pharmacol Sci. 15:92 (1992), Schoepp, Neurochem. Int. 24:439 (1994),Pin等人,34:1(1995), Watkins等人,尸Aarmaco/. 5W· 15:33 (1994) o 6 200811156 代謝性麩胺酸受體於哺乳動物CNS内之數種正常程序 中涉及。MGluR之活化已被證明對於誘發海馬體之長期增 效作用及小腦長期抑制作用係需要。Bashir等人, 363:347 (1993),Bortolotto等人,368:740 (1994),等 5 人,Ο// 79··365 (1994),Aiba等人,&// 79:377 (1994)。 mGhiR於疼痛及鎮痛之活化作用之角色已被證實,Meller 等人,879 (1993),Bordi及Ugolini,Brain Res· 871:223 (1999)。此外,mGluR之活化作用已被暗示於各種 其它正常程序(包含突觸傳遞、神經元發展、凋亡神經元之 10 死亡、突觸可塑性、空間學習、嗅覺記憶、心搏動之中樞 控制、,覺醒、運動控制,及前庭-動眼反射之控制)扮演調 節角色。Nakanishi,TVewraw 13: 1031 (1994),Pin等人, 幻;34:1,Knopfel 等人,/· Med Chem· 38:1417 (1995)。 15 再者,第I類代謝性麩胺酸受體,特別是mGluR5,已 被暗示於影響CNS之各種病態生理學之程序及疾病中扮演 要角。此等包含中風、腦部外傷、缺氧及缺血之受損、低 血糖、癲癇、神經退化疾病,諸如,阿滋海默症,及疼痛。 Schoepp 等人,TVew办 *Sc/· 14:13 (1993), 20 Cunningham等人,Zz/e 5W. 54:135 (1994),Hollman等人,乂狀· Rev· Neurosci· \Ί··?Λ、\994), 專尺,Neurophannacology 34:1 (1995),Knopfel等人,《/· M^/· CT^m. 38:1417 (1995), Spooren 等人,7>⑼心 P/mrmaco/. 5W. 22:331 (2001), Gasparini 等人,CWr. Op in. Pharmacol. 2:43 (2002), 7 200811156 姑⑽er Pah 98:1 (2002)。此等狀況中之許多病理被認 為係由於過量麩胺酸誘發之CNS神經元興奮。因為第以員 mGhiR似乎係經由突觸後機構及促進之突觸前翅胺酸釋放 而增加麩胺酸調節之神經元興奮,其活化作用可能促成此 5 病理。因此,第I類mGluR受體之選擇性拮抗劑可為治療上 有盈的’特別是作為神經保護劑、止痛劑,或抗癲癇藥。 最近於闡明代謝性麩胺酸受體,特別是第丨類,於神經 生理角色之進步已建立此等受體於急性及慢性神經系統及 精神性疾病與慢性及急性疼痛疾病之治療作為有潛力之藥 1〇 物目標。 消化道疾病 下食道括約肌(LES)係易間歇性地鬆弛。因此,來自胃 部之流體可通至食道,因為機械性遮斷於此時暫時性地喪 失’其於後稱為“逆流,,之情況。 15 胃食道逆流症(GERD)係最普遍之上消化道疾病。現今 之藥物治療目標係在於降低胃酸分泌,或中和食道内之 酉欠。逆流免後之主要機構被認為係依低渗下食道括約肌而 义。值I’ 例如,Holloway & Dent (1990) Gastroenterol Clin 从Jmer. 79, 517-535頁,已顯示大部份之逆流發作係於短暫 20性下食道括約肌鬆弛(TLESR)(即,非藉由吞嚥引起之鬆弛) 期間發生。亦顯示胃酸分泌於具GERD之患者係正常。 C發明内容:j 依據本發明之新穎化合物被顯示可用於抑制短暫性之 下食道括約肌鬆弛(TLESR),且因而用於治療胃食道逆流症 8 200811156 (GERD)。 已知某些化合物對於人類之心臟再極化會造成非所欲 之作用,其係以心電圖(ECG)之QT間隔延長而觀察。於極 端情況,此一QT間隔因藥物誘發之延長會導致一種稱為 5 Torsades de P〇intes(TdP; Vandenberg 等人,hERG K+ channels: friend and foe. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001; 22: 240-246)之心律不整,最終導致心室顫動及猝死。此症候之 主要結果係藉由此等化合物抑制延遲整流鉀電流(IKr)之快 速構件。化合物與通道蛋白(其係載荷藉由人類 10 ether_a_g〇-g〇相關基因(hERG)編碼之此電流-亞單元)之形 成孔洞之α亞單元結合。因為Ikr於心肌動作電位之再極化 扮演關鍵角色,其抑制減慢再極化,且此係以QT間隔延長 而顯示。雖然QT間隔延長本身並非一種安全考量,但其帶 有心血管不利作用之危險性,且於小百分率之人類,會導 15致TdP及退化成心室顫動。 一般,本發明之化合物於對抗hERG-編碼之鉀通道具 低作用。關於此事,於室管内之對hERG之低活性指示於活 體内之低活性。 亦所欲者係使藥物擁有良好之代謝穩定性以促進藥物 2〇效用。於試管内之對人類微粒體代謝作用之安定性指示於 活體内對代謝作用之安定性。 因為其生理學及病理生理學之意義,其具有對於 mG1UR亞型(特別是第I種受體亞型,最特別是mGluR5)展現 同選擇性之新穎之有效mGluR激動劑及拮抗劑之需求。 9 200811156 本發明之目的係提供於代謝性麩胺酸受體(mGluRs), 特別是於mGluR5受體,展現活性之化合物。特別地,依據 本發明之化合物主要係週邊作用,即,具有限制性之通過 血腦障壁之能力。 5 發明之說明 本發明係有關於化學式I之化合物:
CN
其中 R1係氫,或氟; 10 R2係氫、氟,或CrC3烷基; R3係Q-C3烷基,或環丙基; X係
其中 10 200811156 R4係氫、C!_C3烷基、CrC3鹵烷基、CrC3烷氧基、C!-C3鹵 烧氧基;或鹵素; R5係氫、cvc3烷基、cvce烷基、crc3烷氧基、cvc3鹵 烧氧基;或鹵素; 5 R6係氫、氟,或cvc3烷基; 與其藥學可接受之鹽、水合物、異構物、互變異構物及/或 對映體。 【實施方式3 於另一實施例,R1係氫。 10 於另一實施例,R2係氫,或氟。 於另一實施例,R3係CrC2烷基。 於另一實施例,R3係甲基。 於另一實施例,R4係氫、CrC2烷基,或(:1<2烷氧基。 於另一實施例,R5係氫、G-C2烷基,或G-C2烷氧基。 15 於另一實施例,R6係氫,或氟。 另一實施例係一種藥學組成物,其包含與一或多種之 藥學可接受之稀釋劑、賦形劑及/或惰性載劑締結之作為活 性成份之治療有效量之依據化學式I之化合物。 如下更詳細描述之其它實施例係有關於用於治療,治 20 療mGluR5調節之疾病,製造用於治療mGluR5調節之疾病 之藥物之依據化學式I之化合物。 其它實施例係有關於一種治療mGluR5調節之疾病之 方法,包含對哺乳動物投用治療有效量之依據化學式I之化 合物。 11 200811156 於另一實施例,提供一種抑制mGluR5受體活化之方 法,包含以有效量之依據化學式〗之化合物處理含有該受體 之細胞。 本發明之化合物係用於治療,特別是治療神經系統、 5精神性、疼痛及消化道之疾病。 熟習此項技藝者亦瞭解本發明之某些化合物可以溶劑 合物(例如,水合物)及非溶劑合物之型式存在。進一步瞭解 本發明係包化學式I化合物之所有此等溶劑合物之型式。 亦於本發明範圍内係化學式〗化合物之鹽。一般,本發 10明化合物之藥學可接受鹽係使用此項技藝已知之標準程序 獲知,例如,藉由使足夠鹼性之化合物(例如,烷基胺)與適 合之酸(例如,HC1、乙酸,或曱烷磺酸)反應提供具生理可 接受陰離子之鹽。亦可藉由於水性介質内使具有適合酸性 質子(諸如,羧酸或酚)之本發明化合物以丨當量之鹼金屬或 15 驗土金屬之氫氧化物或烧氧化物(諸如,乙氧化物或甲氧化 物)’或適合之驗性有機胺(諸如,膽驗或葡甲胺)處理,其 後進行傳統純化技術而製造相對應之驗金屬(諸如,鈉、 卸,或鋰)或鹼土金屬(諸如,#5)鹽。另外,四級銨鹽可藉 由添加,例如,烧基化試劑至中性胺而製備。 20 於本發明之一實施例,化學式I之化合物可被轉化成其 藥學可接受之鹽或溶劑合物,特別是酸加成鹽,諸如,氫 氣酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、磷酸鹽、乙酸鹽、福馬酸鹽、馬來酸 鹽、酒石酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽,或對-甲苯磺酸鹽。 於化學式I之定義中使用之一般用辭具有下列意義: 12 200811156 鹵素於此間使用時係選自氣、氟、溴,或碘。
Crc3烷基係具有1至3個碳原子之直鏈或分支之烷 基,例如,曱基、乙基、正丙基,或異丙基。
CrC3烧氧基係具有1至3個碳原子之院氧基,例如,甲 5氧基、乙氧基、異丙氧基,或正丙氧基。 CVC3鹵烷氧基係具有1至3個碳原子之烷氧基,例如, 曱氣基、乙氧基’或正丙氧基,其中至少一碳原子係藉由 ώ素原子取代。 所有化學名稱係使用稱為AutoNom accessed through 10 ISIS draw之軟體產生。 於如上之化學式I,X可以二可能位向之任一者存在。 垦學組 本發明之化合物可被配製成包含與藥學可接受之載劑 或賦形劑締結之化學式I之化合物,或其藥學可接受之鹽或 15溶劑合物之傳統藥學組成物。藥學可接受之載劑可為固體 或液體。固體型式之製備物不受限地包含粉末、旋叫、可 分散之顆粒、膠囊、藥餅,及栓劑。 ®體載劑可為-或多種物質,其可亦可作為稀釋劑、 口味劑、助溶劑、潤滑劑、懸浮劑、結合劑,或錠叫崩解 20劑。固體載劑亦可為包封材料。 粉末中’載劑係細微分割之固體,其與細微分割之本 發明化合物或活性組份混合。於錠劑,活性組份與具有所 需結合性質之載劑以適合比例混合,且被壓實成所价之妒 狀及尺寸。 13 200811156 對於製備栓劑組成物,低熔點之蠟(諸如,脂肪酸甘油 酉旨及可可奶油之混合物)先被溶融,且活性成份藉由,例 如,攪拌,分散於其間。然後,熔融之均質混合物被倒入 方便尺寸之模具内,且使其冷卻及固化。 5 適合之載劑不受限地包含碳酸鎂、硬脂酸鎂、滑石、 乳糖、糖、果膠、糊精、澱粉、黃蓍膠、甲基纖維素、羧 基甲基纖維素鈉、低熔點蠟、可可奶油等。 組成物一辭亦欲用以包含以包封材料作為載劑配製活 性組份而提供膠囊,其中,活性組份(具有或不具有其它載 1〇劑)係由載劑圍繞,因而與其締結。相似地,藥餅被包含。 錠劑、粉末、藥餅,及膠囊被作為適於口服投藥之固 體藥劑型式。 液體型式組成物包含溶液、懸浮液,或乳化液。例如, f生化a物之無細水或水丙一醇溶液可為適於非腸道投藥 15之液體製備物。液體組成物亦可配製成於含水聚乙二醇溶 液内之溶液。 用於口服投藥之水溶液可藉由使活性組份溶於水中及 添加所欲之適合著色劑、口味劑、安定劑,及增铜劑而製 備。適於口服用途之含水懸浮液可藉由使細微分割之活性 2〇組伤與黏稠材料(諸如,天然或合成之凝膠、樹脂、甲基纖 維素、魏基甲基纖維素納,及藥學配製技藝所知之其它綠 浮劑)分散於水中而製造。意則於口服_之例示組成: 可含有一,多種之著色劑、甜化劑、口味劑,及/或防腐劑。 依技藥核式而定,藥學組成物會包含約(重量 200811156 %)至約99%w,或約〇.10%w至50%w,之本發明化合物,所 有重量百分率係以組成物之總重量為基準計。 用於實施本發明之治療有效量可由熟習此項技藝者使 用已知標準(包含個別患者之年齡、體重及反應)而決定,且 5 係於欲被治療或欲被預防之疾病内容中闡釋。 醫學用途 依據本發明之化合物可用於治療與mGluR5之興奮性 活化有關之狀況及用於抑制藉由mGluR5之興奮性活化造 成之神經元受損。此化合物可用以於哺乳動物(包含人類) 1〇 產生mGluR5抑制作用。 第I類mGhiR受體(包含mGluR5)係高度表現於中樞及 周圍神經系統及其它組織。因此,預期本發明之化合物係 極適於治療mGluR5-調節之疾病,諸如,急性及慢性之神經 系統及精神性之疾病、消化道疾病,及慢性及急性之疼痛 15 疾病。 本發明係有關於用於治療用途之如前所界定之化學式 I之化合物。 本發明係有關於用於治療rnGluR5調節之疾病之如前 所界定之化學式I之化合物。 20 本發明係有關於用於治療下述之如前所定義之化學式 I之化合物:阿茲罕默氏症之老年痴呆症、八1〇8_誘發之痴 呆症、巴金森氏症、棚萎縮側索硬化症、亨丁頓舞蹈症、 偏頭痛、癲癎、精神分裂症、憂鬱症、焦慮症、急性焦慮 症、眼科疾病(諸如,視神經病變、糖尿病視網膜病變、青 15 200811156 光眼)、聽覺神經受損疾病(諸如,耳鳴)、化療誘發之神經 病變、帶狀皰症後神經痛及三叉神經痛、耐受性、依賴性、 脆性X症、自閉症、神經遲鈍、精神分裂症,及唐氏症。 本發明係有關於用於治療下述之如上所界定之化學式 5 I之化合物:與偏頭痛有關之疼痛、發炎性疼痛、神經病變 疼痛疾病(諸如,糖尿病神網膜病變)、關節炎及類風濕疾 2、下背痛、術後疼痛,及與各種狀況(包含癌症、心絞痛、 腎、或膽絞痛、月經、偏頭痛,及痛風)有關之疼痛。 本發明係有關於用於治療下述之如前界定之化學式工 10 T化合物:中風、頭部創傷、缺氧及缺血之傷害、低血壓、 心血管疾病,及癲癇。 制、&本發明亦係有關於使用如前界定之化學式I之化合物 製造用於治療mGluR第I類受體㈣之疾病及如上列示之 任何疾病之藥物。 本發明之一 消化道疾病。 實施例係使用依據化學式I之化合物治療 本發明另 心㈣有關於使用化學幻之化合物製 ==抑制過性下食道括約机鬆弛,用於治療gerd,用於 20 治=胃食道逆流症’祕心療反流,料治療氣喘,用於 :腸了碩炎’用於治療肺病’用於處置生長遲緩,用於治 藥=躁症(IBS)及細台療功能性消化不良症候群㈣之 化學式I之化合物 、λ本發明之另一實施例係有關於使用 治療膀胱過動症或尿失禁。 16 200811156 T L E S R ” (過性下食道括約肌鬆弛)一字於此間係依據 Mittal R.K^ Holloway. PenaginU Blackshaw, LA.y 1995y過性下食道括約肌鬆弛(Transient lender sophageal sphincter relaxation· Gastroenterology) 109, 5 60J-6i〇頁定義。 “逆流”一字於此間係定義為來自胃部之流體能通至食 道’因為機械性障壁於此時暫時喪失。 “GERD”(胃食道逆流症)一字於此間係依據 Heerwardeny ΜΛ., Smout A.J.RM.f 2000; Diagnosis of reflux 10 disease· Bcdimre’s Clin· Gastroenterol· 14J59-774頁定l。 上述化學式I之化合物可用於治療或預防肥胖症或體 重過重(例如,促進減重及維持減重),預防或逆轉體重之增 加(例如’復胖、藥物誘發或戒煙後)、食欲及/或飽食之調 節、飲食疾病(例如,暴食症、厭食症、貪食症,及強迫症), 15及渴望(對於藥物、於、酒、任何促進食欲之大量營養劑, 或非必要性之食品)。 本發明亦提供一種治療罹患該狀況或受此危害之患者 之mGluR5調節之疾病及如上列示之任何疾病之方法,包含 對此患者投用有效量之如前所界定之化學式I之化合物。 2 0 治療或防治特定疾病所需之劑量必需依被治療之宿 主、投藥路徑及欲被治療之疾病之嚴重性而改變。 於本案說明書内容中,”治療”及“處理,,等用辭除非特別 之相反指示外,係包含預防或防治。”治療”及”治療上”等用 辭需被如此闡釋。 17 200811156 於本案5兄明書中,除非其它陳述外,“抬抗劑”及“抑制 劑等用辭需意指藉由任何手段部份或完全地阻斷藉由配 位體導致產生反應之轉導路徑之化合物。 “疾病辭’除其它陳述外’係意指代謝性麵胺酸受 5體活性有關之任何狀況及疾病。 本發明之-實_係化學幻之化合物及抑制酸分泌 之藥劑之組合物。依據本發明之“組合物,,可以“固定式組合 物,,或“部份物之組合之藥劑盒,,存在。“固定式組合物,,係定 義為其中⑴至少-抑制酸分泌之藥劑,及⑼至少一化學式 10 I之化合物存在於-單元内之組合物。“部份物之組合之藥 劑盒”係定義為其巾(i)至少—抑制酸分泌之_;及(ii)至少 -化學幻之化合物係存在於多於—個單元之組合物。“部 份物之組合之藥劑盒”之組份可同時、依序或個別地投用。 依據本發明❹之抑制酸分泌之_對化學幻之化合物 15之莫耳比例係於1:刚至1〇〇:1之範圍内,諸如,1:5〇至5〇1, 或1:20至20:1 ’或1:10至10:卜此二藥劑可以相同比例個別 地投用。抑繼分泌之藥劑之例子係m阻斷劑,諸如,西 米替丁、雷尼替丁,與質子泵抑制劑,諸如"比唆基甲基 亞確醯基苯并味嗤,諸如,奥美拉。坐、埃索美拉。坐、蘭索 2〇拉唾、潘多拉唾、雷貝拉。坐,或相關之物質(諸如,萊米諾 拉唑)。 非醫學用途 除其於治療用藥物之用途外,化學式I之化合物,與 此等化合物之鹽或水合物,可作為用於評估實驗室動斷諸 18 200811156 如書田狗兔子、狼子、大鼠及小鼠)内之與mGluR有關 之活性之抑制劑之致果之於試管内及活體内之測試系統之 發展及標準化之藥用工 製備方法 5 本發明之另一方面係提供製備化學式I之化合物,或其 鹽或水合物,之方法。製備本發明之化合物之方法係於此 間描述。 於下列有關於此等方法之說明,需瞭解,若適合,適 合之保護基會被添力σ至各種反應物及中間產物,且其後以 10熟習有機合成技藝者所瞭解之方式移除。傳統之使用此等 保護基之程序與適合保護基之例子係描述於,例如, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis^, T.W. Green, P.G.M Wuts,Wiley-lnterscience,New Y〇rk,(1999)。亦需瞭解藉由 化學操作使基或取代基轉化成另一基或取代基可於最後產 15物之合成路徑上對任何中間產物或最後產物進行,其中, 可能之轉化型式僅係受限於此階段分子所載負之其它官能 性對轉化作用使用之條件或試劑之固有不相容性。此等固 有不相容性,及藉由以適合順序完成適合之轉化及合成步 驟而使其被避免,係熟習有機合成技藝者所輕易瞭解。轉 20化之例子係如下所示,且需瞭解所述之轉化並非僅限於轉 化作用被例示之一般基或取代基。其它適合轉化作用之來 考及說明係示於“Comprehensive Organic Transformations 〜 A Guide to Functional Group Preparations,,R· c. Larock VHC Publishers,Inc. (1989)。其它適合反應之參考及說明係 19 200811156 描述於有機化學教科書,例如,“Advanced Organic
Chemistry”,March,4th ed. McGraw Hill (1992)或“Organic Synthesis’’,Smith,McGraw ΗΠ1,(1994)。中間產物及最終產 物之純化技術包含,例如,於管柱或旋轉盤上之直接及逆 5相色譜分析術、再結晶、蒸餾,及液-液或固-液萃取,其等 係熟習此項技藝者輕易瞭解。取代基及基之定義除有不定 定義者外係如化學式I中所示般。“室溫,,及“周圍溫度,,等辭 除其它特定者外,係意指16與25 °C間之溫度。 “迴流”一辭,除非其它陳述外,需意指關於使用溶劑 10係於所指名溶劑之沸點或高於沸點之溫度。縮寫 atm aq· 大氣壓 含水
BINAP 15 Boc CDI DCC DCM 2,2 -雙(二苯基膦基)_ι,ι’_二萘基 第三-丁氧基羰基 N,N’-羰基二咪唑 N,N- 一壞己基甲二醯亞胺 二氣甲烷
DBU 20 DEA 二氮雜(1,3)二環[5·4·〇]十一烧 一異丙基乙胺 DIBAL-H二異丁基鋁氫化物
DIC DMAP DMF Ν,Ν’-二異丙基甲二酿亞胺 Ν,Ν-二甲基-4-胺基。比。定 二甲基甲醯胺 20 200811156 DMSO 二甲基亞礙 DPPF 二苯基膦基二茂鐵 EA 乙酸乙酉旨 EDCI 5 EDC Ν-[3·(二甲基胺基)丙基]-Ν’-乙基甲二醯亞胺氫 氯酸鹽 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)甲二醯亞胺 Et2〇 二乙基醚 EtOAc 乙酸乙酉旨 EtOH 乙醇 10 EtI 碘乙烷 Et 乙基 Fmoc 9-芴基甲基氧羰基 h 小時 HetAr 雜芳基 15 HOBt N-羥基苯并三唑 HBTU 0-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲六氟磷 酸酉旨 HPLC 向性能液相色譜分析術 LAH 氫化鋰鋁 20 LCMS HPLC質譜術 MCPBA 間-氣苯甲酸 MeCN 乙腈 MeOH min 甲醇 分鐘 25 Mel 碘甲烷 MeMgCl 甲基氯化鎂 21 200811156
Me 甲基 n-BuLi 1-丁基鋰 NaOAc 乙酸鈉 NMR 核石並共振 5 NMP N-甲基咄咯烷酮 nBuLi 1-丁基鋰 o.n. 隔夜 RT,rt,r.t. 室溫 TEA 三乙基胺 10 THF 四氫呋喃 nBu 正丁基 OMs 甲磺酸酯或甲烷磺酸酯 OTs 甲苯磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸鹽,或4-甲基苯磺酸酯 PCC 吼啶氯鉻酸鹽 15 PPTS 吼啶對-甲苯磺酸鹽 TBAF 氣化四丁基鐘 pTsOH 對-甲苯績酸 SPE 固相萃取(一般係含有用於迷你色譜分析術之石夕 石凝膠) 20 sat. 飽和 中間產物之製備 如下所示合成路徑中提供之中間產物係用於進一步製 備化學式I之化合物。其它起始材料係可購得,或可經由文 獻中所述方法製備。如下所述之合成路徑係可被使用之非 25 限制性之製備例子。熟習此項技藝者會瞭解其它路徑可被 22 200811156 使用。 異噁唑之合成
流程1 5 流程1之化學式VI之醛可用於製備異噁唑。化學式卩之 可購得的酸衍生物,其中N_G\G1係保護基卜可使用此項 技藝已知之方法進行N_保護作用產生化學式m之化合物 (其中,G1係保護基,諸如,Boc)。化學式m之化合物之 酸部份可被轉化成化學式IV之烷基酯,諸如,甲基或乙 10基酯,其可於溶劑(諸如,甲苯),於低溫(例如,—78 cC), 使用溫和之還原劑(諸如,DIBAL-H)轉化成化學式¥1之 醛。較高之溫度或較強之還原劑會造成排它地或以與化學 式VI之醛形成混合物地形成化學式v之一級醇。其它官能 基(諸如,化學式V之化合物中之一級醇、化學式VII之化 15合物中之腈,及化學式vm之化合物中之weinreb醯胺部份) 可使用此項技藝中建立之程序轉化成化學式汛之盤。另 外’化學式II之酸可藉由此項技藝已知之方法轉化成腈,例 23 200811156 如,藉由使酸轉化成一級醯胺,其後脫水形成腈。 化學式VI之酸可藉由於溶劑(諸如,°比唆),於〇°c至室 溫間之温度,以羥基胺處理轉化成化學式IX之肟。化學式 X之異噁唑可藉由使用諸如N-氯琥珀醯亞胺(NCS)之試劑 5 使化學式IX之將氯化’且其後以適合之R-取代之乙快(其 中,R可為芳基、經取代之芳基,或遮蔽基(例如,烧基錫 烷)進行1,3-二極環化加成而製備(Steven,R· V·等人,J. Am. Chem· Soc· 1986, 108, 1039)。異噁唑中間產物X其後可藉由 標準方法去保護產生XI。
[]NH20H.HCI Γ ] 1.NCS, DMF Γ~~
0HC人彳-"HyY G1 N G 2· R — 0-N G1 H0 Et3N, CH2CI2
10 VI IX X 流程2 化學式X之異噁唑(其中,R係遮蔽基)可以此方式製 備,且遮蔽基藉由交互偶合反應轉化成所欲之R基。例如, 使用三烷基錫烷基乙炔會產生三烷基錫烷基異噁唑,其可 15 藉由與適合之芳基鹵化物偶合進行諸如Stille型交互偶合之 反應而引入芳基取代基。 胺基·三嗅之合成 24 200811156
XIV 異噁唑 化學式I 流程3 化學式XI及XII之純護胺接受依序之硫基尿素之形 成、甲基化反應,及三奴形成以遞送化學幻之化合物, 5其中,R1及/或R2係如化學式!中所定義而選擇。化學式观 之硫基尿素可於RNH2存在中,於諸如甲醇、乙醇等之溶 劑,於室溫及100 〇C間之溫度,自已建立之方法使用,例 如,異石’il基氣酸自曰R SCN(流程3中所示之MeNCS),或1 1_ 硫基Ik基-一味哇而獲得,且典型係於60 °C完成。硫基尿素 10中間產物之烷基化反應可於諸如DMF、丙g同、DCM之溶 劑,於室溫或升高之溫度,使用烷基化試劑(諸如,碘甲烧 (如流程3所示)或碘乙烷)實施,產生化學式χΐν之異硫基尿 素。當碘烷被使用時,產物可以氫碘酸鹽隔離[見 Synth.Commun· 1998, 28, 741-746]。化學式XIV之化合物可 15 與醯基肼或與肼反應,其後與醯基化試劑反應形成中間產 物,其可藉由於適合溶劑(諸如,吡啶或DMF)内於50至200 °C加熱而環化成化學式I之3-胺基三唑。 實施例 本發明現將以下列非限制性之實施例作例示說明。 25 200811156 一般方法 所有起始物料係可_得或較早糾於文獻中。 4及13C NMR光譜係於如如3⑽、Bn Dp厕或 Vadan+400光譜儀記錄,對於丨㈣嫩係個別於则、樣及 5棚職操作,使用TMS或殘餘溶劑信號作為參考,除非 其它指示外係於氣化氯仿作為溶劑。所有報導之化學位移 係於5-標度以ppm計,且於記錄出現時係記號之精細分裂 (s:單’brs:寬單’d:雙重,t:三重,q:四重,m:多重)。 線性液相色譜分析術分離及其後質譜檢測之分析係於 10由Alliance 2795 (LC)及ZQ單段四極桿質譜儀組成之Waters LCMS §己錄。質|晋儀係裝設以正及/或負離子模式操作之電 喷灑離子源。離子噴灑電壓係±3 kV,且質譜儀係自m/z 100 - 700於0.8 s之掃猫時間掃瞒。對管柱(x_Terra ms, Waters,C8, 2.1 X 50 mm,3.5 mm)施力口於 1〇 mM乙酸鈹(含 15 水)或於〇·1 % TFA (含水)内之5 % to 100 %乙腈之線性梯 度。 製備逆相色譜分析術係於具二極體陣列檢測器之 Gilson自動製備HPLC操作,其係使用XTerra MS C8,19 X 300 mm,7 mm作為管柱。 20 藉由chromatotron之純化係於旋轉之石夕石凝膠/石膏 (Merck,60 PF-254,具硫酸鈣)塗覆之玻璃片材上,1、2或4 mm之塗層厚度,使用 TC Research 7924T chromatotron 而實 施。產物之純化亦藉由於以矽石填充之玻璃管柱内之閃式 色譜分析術而為之。 26 200811156 微波加熱係於在2450 MHz產生連續照射之Smith Synthesizer 單一模式微波腔室(Personal Chemistry AB,
Uppsala,Sweden)内而實施。 實施例1·1:吡略烷二羧酸1-第三丁基酯2_甲其
於MDF(100毫升)内之吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-第三丁基酉旨 (8.09克,37.6毫莫耳)及碳酸鉀之混合物於添加碘甲燒(64〇 克,45.1毫莫耳)前攪拌50分鐘,且形成之混合物授掉^、 時。反應混合物倒入水内,且以乙酸乙酯分開。有機展以 10數份水(50毫升)清洗4次,於硫酸鈉乾燥,及濃縮,提供卢 題化合物,呈黃色油(8.23克,95%)。 ^ lU NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ (ppm) 4.21^4.38 (m 1 H),3.74 (s,3H),3.35-3.61 (m,2H),2.15-2.25 (m,1H) 1.87-2.00 (m,3H),1.43 (s, 9H)。 ’ 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成
15 99% (κ> 吡 f 烷-1,2二 二羧酸1-第三丁 基酯2-甲基酯 (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 4.20-4.25^¾^^¾^^ 3.46-3.55 (m? 2H)? 2.18-2.24 (m? 1H)9 1.86-1.99 3 1.42-1.47 (m,9H)_ V 5 iH)? 實施例2·1: 2-甲醢某-吡咯烷-丄_羧酸氧三丁基醋 27 200811156 入0 實施例ι·ι之標題化合物(8·23克,35·9毫莫耳)之混合物 溶於無水甲苯(65毫升)内,且於一78 °C於氩氣下攪拌。 DIBAL-H(55毫升,82.5毫莫耳)於50分鐘期間以滴液方式添 5加至混合物。其後,MeOH(100毫升)以滴液方式添加,且 此合物於0°C攪拌。檸檬酸(4〇〇毫升,1〇% w/v)緩声添力 混合物’並授拌。混合物於以乙酸乙酯分開2泠^ 別’使此混 合物授拌2小時。有機萃取物以水、鹽水清洗I;,、☆处 人’於硫酸 鈉乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,而提供標題化合物,呈無色、、由(6 % 10 克,96 %) 〇 !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 (ppm) 410,, 7 Η]3·4·16 (m, 1H),3.25-3.55 (m,3H),1.87-2.00 (m,4H),1·47 (s,9H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成:
94%
(300 MHz? CDCI3): δ 4.01-4.T3lm5 1H)? —— 1.82-1.99 (m,4H),1.41-1.46 (m,9H) (m,3H), 實施例3·1: 2-(經基亞胺基-甲基)·%略烧_ 了&
15 SI
Η Ν 。丄 Ν、〇Η 〇/ ο 28 200811156 於水(80毫升)及MeOH(80毫升)内之實施例2·1之標題 化合物(6.85克,34.3毫莫耳)之混合物於0。(:攪拌。碳酸鈉 (2.16克,20.6毫莫耳)及羥基胺HC1(2.86克,41.2毫莫耳)於〇 °〇:添加至此混合物,且攪拌3〇分鐘。然後,反應於3·5小時 5 期間加溫至室溫。反應濃縮至一半體積,且以乙酸乙酯分 開3次。有機萃取物以鹽水清洗1次,於硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾, 及漢縮’而提供標題化合物,呈無色油(6.77克,92%)。 'Η NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): (ppm) 4.16-4.25 (m? 1H),3.18-3.62 (m,3H),1.86-2.16 (m,5),1·46 (s,9H)。
以相似方式’下列化合物被合成: 12 ΊΤΤ'·-- (R)-2-(羥基亞胺基-甲基)- 吡咯烧-1-羧酸第三丁基酯 99% Ή nmr (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 1.45 (m, 9Η), 1.84-2.02 3.41-3.45 (ζ 2ΗΧ 4.09-4.16 (m, 1Η)? 7.15-7.23 8.11-8.19 (m51Η) (m,4H), (m,1H), 复遽魁三ΙΑΜ(ΕΗ氮亞胺基)甲基1吡略饮_游 實施例3·1之標題化合物(6.77克,31.6毫莫耳)溶於 DMF(70毫升)’且於4〇 〇c授拌。n-氣號轴醯亞胺以數部份 、、加至反應混合物,且使此反應攪拌丨小時。反應混合物以 己酸乙西旨及水分開,且有機萃取物以水清洗3次,以鹽水清 '先人’於硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,而提供標題化合物, 29 200811156 呈淡黃色固體(7.85克,100%)。 ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 (ppm) 4.50-4.65 (m5 1H),3·48_5·53 (m,3H),1.81-2.22 (m,4H),1.46 (m,9H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 42 /~\ yci 入 n、oh X 第三丁基(2R)-2-[(Z)-氯 (羥基亞胺基)甲基]吡咯 烷-1-羧酸酯 84% 】H NMR (300 MHz,CDCI3): δ 9.11-9.16 (m,1H),4.51-4.68 (m,1H), 3.47-3.54 (m? 2H)? 1.82-2.20 (m? 4H)? 1.42-1.48 (m? 9H) 5 實施例5.1: 2-丨5-(3-氰基笨基)·異嗓嗅-3-某〗·咕略炫 酸第三丁基酯
實施例4.1之標題化合物(〇·2克,〇.8毫莫耳)及乙炔基 苯并腈(0.306克,2.41毫莫耳)於DCM(5毫升)内於〇 〇c攪 10拌。反應於12小時期間逐漸加溫至最高達室溫。反應混合 物被濃縮,以乙酸乙酯分開,且以水清洗3次,以鹽水清洗 1次,於硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。混合物藉由管柱色譜 分析術純化,而提供標題化合物,呈灰棕色發泡體(〇·2〇4 克,75 %)〇 15 Η 丽R (300 MHz,CDC13): 5 (ppm) 8.05 (s,1Η),8.00 (dt,1H),7.73-7.75 (m,1H),7秦7.63 (m,1H),6·06 (s,1H), 5.0-5.17 (m,1H),3.42-3.62 (m,2H),2.01-2.29 (m,4H),1.32 30 200811156 (S? 9H) 〇 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 52 。-N 0人义 (R)-2-[5-(3-氰基·苯基)-異 噁唑-3-基]-吡咯烷-1-羧酸 第三丁基酯 78% ]H NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 7.97-8.04 (m,2H),7.59-7.71 (m,2H), 6.50-6.61 (m,1H),4.97-5.07 (m,1H),3.44-3.61 (m,2H), 2.00-2.40 (m,4H),1.35-1.49 (m,9H) 實施例6.1: 3-(3-吡咯烷-2-基-異噁唑-5-基)-茉并腈
5 於DCM(30毫升)内之實施例5.1之標題化合物(0.2克, 〇·59毫莫耳)於0°C添加至TFA(1.5毫升)。反應攪拌30分鐘, 及濃縮。以DCM及2MNa2C03分開。有機萃取物於硫酸鈉 乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,而提供標題化合物,呈琥珀色油(0.129 克,91%)。 10 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ. (ppm) 8.04 (t? 1H), 7.98 (dd,1H),7.70 (dd,1H),7.61 (t,1H),6.63 (s,1H),4.36-4.40 (t,1H),3.06-3.18 (m,2H),2.19-2.26 (m,2H),1.89-1.96 (m, 3H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成·· N 'V 3-((R)-3-吡咯烷 100% 62 〇-N Η -2-基-異噁唑-5- 基)-苯并腈 (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.02 (s,1H),7.97 (dd,1H),7.69 (dd, NMR 1H),7.58 (t,1H),6.62 (s,1H),4.34-4.39 (t,1H),3.04-3.15 (m, 31 200811156 2H),2·20-2·30 (m,2H),1.85-1.94 (m,3H) 下列化合物係依據WO 2005/080386中之實施例73之程 序合成: 實處例7·1: 2-丨5_(3_齓篡茉基)-異噁唑-3_基吡咯烷小瀚 琉代酸甲基醢脍
於CH3C1(3.0毫升)内之實施例6.1之標題化合物(0.128 克,0.535毫莫耳)及N-氯琥珀醯亞胺(0.062克,0.85毫莫耳) 於氬氣下授拌1小時。反應混合物被濃縮,且於醚内研製, 而於過濾時提供標題產物,呈白色固體(0.130克,78 %)。 l〇 lH NMR (300 MHz? CDC13): δ (ppm) 8.06 (s, 1H)? 8.00 (d,lH),7.74 (d,1H),7.62 (t,1H),6.70 (s,1H),5.64-5.70 (m, 2ii),3.72-3.83 (m,2H),3.15 (d,3H),2.23-2.45 (m,4H)。 β相似方式,下列化合物被合成:
〇-N S^NH (R)-2-[5-(3-氰基-苯基)-異噁唑-3-基]-17比洛烧-1-魏硫 代酸甲基醯胺 72% (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.05 (s, 1H),7·98 (dd,1H),7.73 (dd, 1H),7.62 (t,1H),6.70 (s,1H),5.66-5.76(m,2H),3.73-3.81’ (m? 2H), 3.13 (d 3H), 2.19-2.42 (m, 4H) 8上2·【5-(3-齓某-策基)·異噁喳_3•基1-N_甲某-叫味 中醢亞胺基疏代酸甲基酯 32 15 200811156
實施例7.1之標題化合物(0.130克,〇·416毫莫耳)及第三 丁氧化鈉(0.040克,0.416毫莫耳)於THF(2.0毫升)内攪拌。 於THF(1.0毫升)内之碘甲烷(0.89克,0.624毫莫耳)被添加, 5 且反應攪拌20分鐘。反應混合物被倒入水内,且以乙酸乙 酯分開。有機萃取物以水、鹽水清洗,於硫酸鈉乾燥,過 濾,及濃縮,而提供標題產物,呈琥珀色油(0.133克,98 %)。 !H NMR (300 MHz5 CDC13): 5 (ppm) 8.02 (t? 1H)? 7.99 (dd,1H),7.69 (dd,1H),7.59 (t,1H),6.47 (s, 1H),5.36-5.40 10 (m,1H),3·62· 3.74 (m,2H),3.23 (s,3H),2.32-2.39 (m,1H), 2.28 (s,3H),2.14-2.17 (m5 1H),1.98-2.01 (m,2H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 8.2
(R)-2-[5-(3-氰基-本基)-異°惡σ坐-3-基]-Ν-甲基-吡咯 烷-1-甲醯亞胺基 硫代酸甲基酯 94%
NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.05 (s,1Η),7.99 (dd,1Η),7.71 (dd, 1H),7.63 (t,1H),6.48 (s,1H),5.38-5.41 (m,1H),3.60-3.77 (m,2H),3.25(s,2H),2.30-2.41 (m,4H),2.00-2.10 (m,3H) 資施例9.1: 2-氪-6-甲氩基-異煙酸甲某酯 ci
33 200811156 對於DMF(220毫升)内之2-氯-6-甲氧基-異煙酸(16克, 85.3毫莫耳),添加K2C03(47克,341.2毫莫耳)及Mel(6.37 毫升,102.3毫莫耳)。攪拌隔夜後,反應混合物被過濾,然 後濃縮。殘質溶於乙酸乙酯,以水(3次)及鹽水清洗,於無 5 水Na2S04乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。藉由閃式管柱色譜分析術(以 於己烷内之10 - 30 %乙酸乙酯洗提)純化產生標題產物(15 克,87%)。 ]H NMR (300 MHz5 CDC13): δ (ppm) 7.45 (s, 1H)9 7.23 (s,1H),3·98 (s,3H),3·95 (s,3H) 10 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 2-氯-6-甲基-異煙 92% 92 A 酸甲基酯 淡棕色固體 jH NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 7.71 (s,1H),7·65 (s,1H),3·97 (s,3H), 2.63 (s,3H) 資施例10.1:2-甲氣基-異煙酸甲基塵·
對實施例9.1之標題化合物(15克’ 74.8毫莫耳),以於 乙醇(350毫升)内之Pd/C(7.4克,82.2毫莫耳)混。反應混合 15 物以氫氣沖刷及填充,然後,於室溫攪拌隔夜。反應混合 物經由Celite®墊材過濾,且於真空中濃縮。殘質溶於二氣 甲烷内,且以水及鹽水清洗兩次。有機相於無水硫酸鈉乾 燥,過濾,及於真空中濃縮,產生淡黃色油作為標題產物 34 200811156 (9.51 克,75 %)。 ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ (ppm) 8.29 (d? 1H)? 7.41 (d,1H),7.32 (s,1H),3.98 (s,3H),3.95 (s,3H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 2-甲基-異煙酸甲 75% I 基酯 無色油 10.2 Γη NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ (ppm) 8.67 (d,1H),7.74 (s,1H),7.65 (d,1H),3.97 (s,3H),2.66 (s,3H) 5 實施例11.1: 2-甲氣基-異煙酸醢肼
對於乙醇(100毫升)内之實施例10.1(9.51毫克,57.0毫 莫耳)之標題化合物,添加肼水合物(3.45毫升,71.2毫莫 耳),然後,於78 °C加熱隔夜。反應混合物被冷卻,且於真 10 空中濃縮。殘質以乙酸乙酯研製,過濾,及乾燥,產生標 題產物,呈白色固體(6·69毫克,70.3 %)。 lU NMR (300 MHz? (CD3)2SO): δ (ppm) 10.04 (br? 1H)? 8.27 (d,1H),7.32 (d,1H),7.15 (s,1H),4.62 (br,2H),3.88 (s, 3H)。 15 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 0丫 n、n 2-甲基-異煙酸醯 88% 11.2 Λ 肼 白色固 〔入 體 lU (300 MHz,(CD3)2SO): δ (ppm) 8.54 (d,1Η),7.6 (s,1Η),7.51 (d,1H),2·5 (s,3H) 35 200811156
NMR 實施例 12.1: 3-(3-{l-丨4-甲基-5-(2-甲基-吡啶-4-基V4H-丨1,2,4〗三唑-3_基卜吡咯烷_2-基丨-異噁唑_5_基茉# 肢
5 實施例8.2之標題化合物(54.6毫克,0.167毫莫耳)及實 施例11.2之標題化合物(51毫克,0.334毫莫耳)於異丙醇(2 毫升)内混合,置於具攪拌棒且裝設乾燥冷凝器之玻璃瓶 内。反應混合物於90 °C攪拌24小時。反應混合物被濃縮, 然後,以二氯甲烷稀釋。聚合物支撐之異氰酸酯被添加, 10 且混合物被攪拌而移除過量之2-甲基異煙醯肼。混合物被 過濾,且過濾物被濃縮。粗製之殘質以醚研製隔夜。淡黃 色固體自研製形成作為產物(38毫克,55%)。 NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ (ppm) 8.62 (d? 1H)5 7.98 (m,2H),7.71 (d,1H),7.57 (m,2H),7.41 (br,1H),6.63 (s, 15 1H),5.49 (t,1H),3.96 (m,1H),3.65 (s,3H),3.54 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m,1H),2.68 (s,3H),2.6 (m,1H),2.28 (m,2H)。 以相似方式,下列化合物被合成: 36 200811156 12.2 0、N N N^/ w \ 3-(3-{H5-(2-甲氧 基-咄啶-4-基)斗甲 基-4Η_[1,2,4]三唑 -3-基]-ϋ比洛烧-2-基}異0惡°坐-5-基)-苯弁腈 45% 白色固 體 ]H NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.28 (d,1H),7.98 (m,2H),7.64 (m, 2H),7.22 (br,1H),6.98 (s,1H),6.67 (br,1H),5.53 (br,1H)’, 3.99 (m,4H),3.64 (m,4H),3.12 (m,1H),2.3 (m,1H),2.11’ (m,2H) 12.3 0〜N N N— N^/ WN 3-{3-[1-(4-曱基-5-吡啶 -3- 基 -4Η-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基)-吡咯烷-2-基]-異噁唑-5-基}-苯并 腈 44% 黃色固 體 NMR (300 MHz,CDC13)·· δ 7.98 (m,: 7.44 (dd,1H),6.63 (s,1H), 5_4> 3H),3.48 (m,1H),2.59 (m, 1H: 3Η),7.71 (d,1Η),7.61 (t,1Η), 7 (t, 1H),3.94 (q,1H),3.61 (s, ),2.25 (m5 3H), 1.7 (s, 2H) 12.4 ^手性 0 - cv 3-(3-{(R)-l-[4-甲 基-5-(2-甲基-吡啶 -4-基)-4Η-[1,2,4] 三唑-3-基]-吡咯烷 -2-基}-異。惡峻-5-基)-苯并腈 80% 黃色固 體 lU NMR (300 MHz, CDC13):5 8.62 (d? 1 7.45 (m,2H), 7.39 (m,1H),6·< (m,lH),3.64(s,3H),3.18(m,] H),8.02 (m,2H),7.59 (d,1H), 53 (s,1H),5.43 (m,1H),3·96 ίΗ), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.15 (m, 4H) 12.5 [Π 手性 \ 3-(3-{(R)-l-[5-(2-甲氧基-吡啶-4· 基)-4-甲基 ·4Η·[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-11比洛烧-2-基}-異噁唑-5-基)-苯并 腈 [83 % 黃色固 體 lU NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.28 (d,1H),7.98 (m,2H),7.7 (d,1H), 7.6 (t,1H),7.2 (d,1H),6.97 (s,1H),6.66 (s,1H),5.53 (br, 1H),3.98 (m,4H),3.63 (m,4H),2.61 (br, 1H),2.28 (br, 3H) 37 200811156 12.6 性 ◦〜Ν ^ & 6 3-{3-[(R)-l-(4-甲 基-5_吡啶-3-基 -4H_[1,2,4]三唑-3-基)-吡咯烷-2-基]-異噁唑-5-基}-苯并 腈 77% 黃色固 體 lU NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.86 (s,1Η),8.7 (d,lH),8.03 (m,3Η), 7_7 (d,1H),7.6 (t,1H),7.44 (dd,1H),6·36 (s,1H),5.47 (t, 1H),3.92 (m,1H),3.61 (s,3H),3.51 (m,1H),2.59 (m,1H), 2.31 (s,1H) 12.7 手陳 〇〜N厂广 N气 b 3-{3-[⑻-1-(4-甲 基-5-咐咬-4-基 -4H-[ 1,2,4]三 口坐,3, 基)-吡咯烷-2-基]- 異噁唑-5-基卜苯并 腈 18 % 淡黃色 固體 [U NMR (300 MHz,CDC13): δ 8.75 (d,2H),7.99 (m,2H),7.6 (d,2H), 7.57 (dd? 2H)? 6.26 (s5 1H)? 5.48 (t? 1H)? 3.95 (q? 1H)? 3.64 (s5 3H),3.53 (m,1H),2.6 (m,1H),2.25 (m, 3H) 生物評估 於表現mGluR5D之細胞株内之mGluR5拮抗作用之功能 評估 本發明化合物之性質係使用藥理活性標準分析作分 5 析。麩胺酸受體分析之例子係此項技藝已知,例如,描述 於 Aramori 等人之 ⑽ 8:757 (1992)、Tanabe 等人之 8:169 (1992)、Miller等人之/· 15: 6103 (1995)、Balazs等人之J. ⑷ry 69:151 (1997)。此 等公告文獻所述之方法在此被併入以供參考之用。方便 10 地,本發明之化合物可藉由測量表現mGluR5之細胞内之細 胞内之鈣[Ca2+]i之活動之分析(flIPR),或測量磷酸肌醇轉 換率之另一分析(IP3)而研究。 38 200811156 FLIPR分析 WO97/05252中所述之表現人類mGluR5d之細胞係於 具黑色側面之以膠原蛋白塗覆之透明底之96-孔之盤上,以 每一孔100,000個細胞之密度播種,實驗係於播種後進行24 5 小時。所有分析係於含有127 Mm之NaCl、5 mM之KC1、2 mM之MgCl2、0.7 mM之NaH2P04、2 mM之CaCl2、0.422 毫 克/毫升之NaHC03、2.4毫克/毫升之HEPES、1.8毫克/毫升 之葡萄糖,及1毫克/毫升之BSAIV分級物(pH 7.4)之緩衝液 内為之。於96孔盤内之細胞培養液物被載荷於含有於 10 0.01%氧化異丙烯酸(適當之非離子性表面活性劑多元 醇- CAS編號9003-11-6)内之4 μΜ之乙醯氧基甲基酯型 式之螢光約指示劑之 fluo-3(Molecular Probes,Eugene, Oregon)之上述緩衝液内60分鐘。於此載荷時間後,fluo-3 緩衝液被移除,且以新的分析緩衝液替代。FLIPR實驗係使 15用〇·8〇0 W之雷射設定及〇·4秒CCD相機快門速度且激化及 發射之波長個別為488 nm及562 nm而為之。每一實驗係以 細胞盤内之每一孔存在160 μΐ緩衝液而起始。自拮抗劑盤之 40 μΐ添加後係自激動劑盤之5〇 pL添加。90秒之間隔分隔拮 抗劑及激動劑之添加。螢光信號係於此二添加之每一者後 20 立即以1秒為間隔取樣50次,其後以5秒鐘間隔取3個樣品。 反應係以取樣期間内對激動劑之反應之峰高度減除背景榮 光之差而測量。ICso之決定係使用線性最小平方擬合程式 為之。 IP3分析 39 200811156 mGluR5d之另外的功能性分析係描述於 WO97/05252,且係以磷脂醯肌醇轉換為基礎。受體活化刺 激磷酯酶C活性且導致增加形成肌醇丨,4,5,三鱗酸。 穩定表現人類mGluR5d之GHEK係以於含有1 μα/孔之 5 [3Η] myo·肌醇之介質内40 Χ 1〇4個細胞/孔播種至%孔之 以聚-L-賴胺酸塗覆之盤上。細胞被培育隔夜(16小時),然 後清洗三次,且於以1單元/毫升之麩胺酸丙酮酸鹽轉胺酶 及2 mM之丙藥I酸鹽補充之以HEPES緩衝之生理食鹽水(146 mM 之 NaQ、4.2 mM之 KQ、0.5 mM之 MgCl2、〇」〇/〇之葡萄 10糖、20 mM之HEPES,pH 7·4)内於37〇C培育丨小時。細胞於 以HEPES緩衝之生理食鹽水内清洗一次,且於含有 之LiCl之以HEPES緩衝之生理食鹽水内預先培育1〇分鐘。 化合物係係複製地於37°C培育15分鐘,然後,添加麵胺酸 (80 μΜ)或DHPG(30 μΜ),且另外培育3〇分鐘。反應係藉由 15 添加於冰上之〇·5毫升之過濾酸(5%)且於4〇C培育至少3〇分 4里而終結。樣σα收集於1 5宅升之聚丙稀管件内,且肌醇石舞 酸酯係使用離子交換樹脂(Dowex AG1-X8甲酸醋型式, 200-400篩目,BIORAD)管柱分離。肌醇磷酸酯之分離係藉 由先以8毫升之30 mM甲酸銨洗提甘油磷脂醯肌醇而為 20之。其次,全部之肌醇磷酸酯以8毫升之700 mM甲酸銨/ 100 mM甲酸洗提,且收集於閃爍計數瓶内。然後,此洗提物與 8毫升之閃爍劑混合,且[3H]肌醇併納係藉由閃爍計數而決 定。複製樣品之dpm計數被繪圖,且1C%之決定係使用線性 最小平方擬合程序產生。 40 200811156 縮寫 BSA 牛血清蛋白 CCD 電荷偶合裝置 CRC 濃度反應曲線 5 DHPG 3,5-二羥基苯基甘胺酸 DPM 衰變率/分鐘 EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸 FLIPR 螢光成像閱讀議 GHEK 含GLAST之人類胚胎腎 10 GLAST 麩胺酸/天冬胺酸轉運蛋白 HEPES 4-(2_羥基乙基)-1_哌啶乙烷磺酸(緩衝液) IP3 肌醇三磷酸酯 一般,化合物於上述分析係具活性,且ICw值係少於1〇 OOONm。於本發明之一方面,ic50值係少於1〇〇〇ηΜ。於本 15 發明之另一方面,IC50值係少於100 nM。 大鼠之腦對血漿之比例之決定 腦對jk漿之比例係於母的Sprague Dawley大鼠内評 估。化合物溶於水或另外之適當載劑内。為了決定腦對血 漿之比例,化合物係以皮下,或靜脈快速注射,或靜脈輸 20液,或或口服投藥而技用。於投藥後之預定時間點,血液 樣品係以心臟穿刺取得。大鼠係藉由使心臟切開而終結。 且腦部被立即保留。血液樣品被收集於綠頭管内,且進行 離心作用30分鐘,以使血蒙自血液細胞分離出。血浆被轉 移至96-孔之盤,且於_賃貯存至分析為止。腦部被分割 41 200811156 成半,且每—半被置於贱塗上焦油之管件内,且於ic 貯存至分析為止。分析前,腦部樣品被融解且具蒸顧水之3 毫升/克之腦雜_加至管件。腦部樣品於冰㈣進行音 波處理至樣品均質化為止。腦部及血聚樣品以乙骑沈殿。 5離心處理之後’上層清液以〇.2%甲酸稀釋。分析係於以快 速梯度洗提之㈣逆向HPLC料±錢料電喷灑離子 化及選擇性反應監測(SRM)採集之三段四極桿儀器之 MSMS檢測而實施。液·液萃取可作為另類之樣品清理。樣 品係於添加適合緩衝液後藉由搖動而萃取至有機溶劑。有 1〇機層之等分樣品被轉移至新的玻璃瓶,且於氣氣流下蒸發 至乾燥。於殘質重新建構後,樣品可用於注射於HpLC管柱 上。 一般,依據本發明之化合物係以大鼠内之腦部内之藥 物對血漿内之藥物之比例為<0·5而作周圍限制。於一實施 15 例。此比例係少於0.15。 試管内之安定性之決定 大鼠肝臟微粒係自Sprague-Dawley大鼠之肝臟樣品製 得。人類之肝臟微粒係自人類之肝臟樣品製得或自BD Gemest獲得。化合物係於37〇c,以於輔子NADpH(i 〇毫莫 2〇耳7公升)存在中,於PH 7.4之0·1莫耳/公升之磷酸鉀緩衝 液,〇·5毫克/毫升之總微粒蛋白質濃度培育。化合物之起始 濃度係1·0 μηιοΙ/L。樣品係於培育後5個時間點(〇、7、15、 20及30分鐘)取得以供分析。收集樣品内之酶活性係藉由添 加3.5七體積之乙腈而立即停止。每一收集樣品内留下之化 42 200811156 合物之濃度係藉由LC-MS決定。mGluR5抑制劑之去除率常 數(k)係以In[mGluR5抑制劑]對培育時間(分鐘)之作圖之斜 率而計算。然後,去除率常數被用以計算mGluR5抑制劑之 半衰期(T 1/2),其於後被用以計算肝臟粒内之mGluR5抑制 5 劑内部清除率(CLint): CLirn. = (1η2 X培育體積)/(T 1/2 X蛋白質濃度)=μ!/分鐘/毫克 韩選對TLESR具活性之化合物 被訓練能站在Pavlov吊索之兩種性別之Adult Labrador 獵犬被使用。黏膜至皮膚之食道造口術被形成,且犬隻於 10 任何實驗被實施前完全恢復。 動力檢測 簡言之,以自由供應水約小時之斷食後,多腔套筒/邊 孔組件(Dentsleeve,Adelaide,South Australia)經由食道造口 術引入以測量胃部、下食道括約肌(LES)及食道之壓力。此 15組件係使用低順應性測壓式灌注泵(Dentsleeve,Adelaide, South Australia)以水灌注。以空氣灌注之管件通件係以口腔 方向通過,且銻電極監測pH,於LES上方3公分。所有信號 於個人電腦上於10 Hz放大及獲得。 當無斷食之胃/LES第III相運動活性之基線測量已被獲 20得時,安慰劑(〇·9% NaCl)或測試化合物係經靜脈投藥(i v., 0.5宅克/公斤)至前腿靜脈内。經靜脈投藥後分鐘,營養 餐(10/〇之蛋白,5%之D-葡萄糖,5%之英脫利匹特,pH 3.0) 係經由組件之中間腔以100毫升/分鐘灌注於胃部内至3〇毫 升/公斤之最終體積。營養餐之灌注後係以5〇〇毫升/分鐘之 43 200811156 速率以空氣灌注至獲得10±1 mmHg之胃内壓為止。然後, 使用灌注泵作進一步之空氣灌注或自胃部排放空氣而使此 壓力於整個實驗期間維持於此程度。自營養素灌注開始至 空氣吹入結束之實驗時間係45分鐘。此程序係以引起 5 TLESR之可信賴手段而確認。 TLESR係定義為下食道括約肌(相對於胃内壓力)以 >1 mmHg/s之速率減少。鬆弛於其開始前不應採用£2s之咽 喉信號,於此情況,此鬆弛被歸類為呑嚥誘發。LES及胃部 間之壓力差需少於2 mmHg,且完全鬆弛之時間多於1秒。 10 樣本結果係顯示於下表。 實施例 FLIPR hmGluR5d (_ 大鼠内之化合物之腦部/血漿之比 例 12.4 47 0.06 12.6 86 0.05 【圖式簡單說明3 (無) 【主要元件符號說明】 (無) 44
Claims (1)
- 200811156 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種化學式(I)之化合物, CN其中 5 R1係氫,或氟; R2係氫、氟,或CrC3烷基; R3係Q-C3烷基,或環丙基; X係 10且Z係其中 R4係氫、CVC3烷基、CrC3鹵烷基、CrC3烷氧基、CrC3 鹵烷氧基;或鹵素; R5係氫、Q-C3烷基、CrC3鹵烷基、CrC3烷氧基、CrC3 函烧氧基,或鹵素; 45 15 200811156 R6係氫、氟,或crc3烷基; 與其藥學可接受之鹽、水合物、異構物、互變異構物及 /或對映體。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1係氫。 5 10 15 20 3·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,R2係氫,或 氟0 4·如申請專利範圍第1-3項中任一項之化合物,其中,R3 係CVC2烷基。 5·如申請專利範圍第4項之化合物,其中,R3係甲基。 6·如申請專利範圍第15項中任一項之化合物,其中,R4 係氫、Q-C2烷基,或(^<2烷氧基。 7·如申請專利範圍第卜6項中任一項之化合物,其中,y 係氫、Q-C2烷基,或(^_〇:2烷氧基。 8·如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之化合物,其中,y 係氫,或氟。 9· 一種化合物,其係選自 3-(3-{1_[4·甲基 _5_(2_ 甲基 K4 舟姐_[1,24]三唾^_ 基]-吡咯烷_2_基} 異噁唑巧_基)_苯并腈· 3-(3-{1_[5-(2甲氧基令定_4•基)_4•甲基_4H_[i 2 4]三唾 -3-基]-吡咯烷-2-基卜異噁唑_5_基)_ 3·㈣㈣如切 烷-2-基]-異噁唑-5-基卜苯并腈; 3-(3-{(R)-H4m(2Hw_4•基)侧一 唾-3-基]♦各烧-2-基卜異鳴冬5_基)苯并積;’ ’ J — 46 200811156 -(3](r)-i-[5_(2_甲氧基比唆+基)冬甲基 二唑-3-基]-吡咯烷_2_基卜異噁唑_5_基)_苯并腈; 3]H(r)]-(4_甲基_5“比啶冬基也屮,2,4]三唑_3·基)_ 0比略燒-2_基]-異噁唾·5_基卜苯并腈;及 3]3催)小(4-甲基-5令定-4_基秦Η#]三唾冰基)_ 吡咯烷基]-異噁唑_5-基}•苯并腈, 與其藥學可接受之鹽、水合物、異構物、互變異構物及 /或對映體。 10·如申睛專利範圍第丨_9項中任一項之化合物,其係用於治 10 療。 u.-種藥學組成物,包含與藥理及藥學可接受之载劑一起 之作為活性成份之如申請專利範圍第卜9項中任一項之 化合物。 ' Μ 12:種如中請專利範圍第㈡射任—項之化合物或其藥 15 學可接受之贱絲異構物之用途,其個於製造用以 抑制短暫性下食道括約肌鬆弛之藥物。 I3·二種如中料利㈣第丨_9射任—項之化合物或其藥 ^可接受之鹽或光學異構物之用途,其係用於製造用以 治療或預防胃食道逆流症之藥物。 2〇 14. y種如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任一項之化合物或其藥 學可接受之鹽或光學異構物之用途,其係用於製造用以 治療或預防疼痛之藥物。 15. 了種如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任一項之化合物或其藥 學可接受之鹽或光學異構物之用途,其係胁製造用以 47 200811156 治療或預防焦慮症之藥物。 16· —種如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任一項之化合物或其藥 學可接受之鹽或光學異構物之用途,其係用於製造用以 治療或預防腸激躁症(IBS)之藥物。 5 17. —種組合物,包含⑴至少一如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任 一項之化合物,及(ii)至少一抑制酸分泌之藥劑。 18·如申請專利範圍第17項之組合物,其中,該抑制酸分泌 之藥劑係選自西咪替丁、雷尼替丁、奥美拉唑、埃索美 拉唑、蘭索拉唑、潘多拉唑、雷貝拉唑,或萊米諾拉唑。 10 19. 一種化合物,其係選自 2- [5-(3 -氣基-苯基)-異嗔唾_3_基]比σ各烧-1 -魏酸第三丁 基酯; (R)-2-[5-(3-氰基-苯基)-異σ惡嗤-3-基]比17各烧-1-魏酸第三 丁基酯; 15 3-(3-σ比洛烧-2-基-異°惡0坐-5-基)-苯弁腊; 3- ((幻-3_吡咯烷-2-基-異噁唑-5-基)-苯并腈; 2-[5-(3 -氣基-苯基)-異σ惡嗤-3-基]-σ比洛烧-1 -魏硫代酸甲 基醯胺; (R)-2-[5-(3-氰基-苯基)-異噁唑-3-基]-吡咯烷-1-羧硫代酸 20 甲基醯胺; 2-[5-(3-氰基-苯基)-異噁唑-3-基]-N_甲基-吡咯烷-1-甲醯 亞胺基硫代酸甲基酯; (R)-2-(經基亞胺基-甲基各烧-1-魏酸第三丁基酉旨; 第三丁基2-[(Ε)-(氯亞胺基)甲基]吡咯烷-1-羧酸酯; 48 200811156 第三丁基(2R)-2-[(Z)-氯(羥基亞胺基)甲基]吡咯烷-1- 羧酸酯;及 (R)_2-[5-(3 -氰基-苯基)-異°惡°坐-3-基]-N-甲基比π各烧-1_ 甲醯亞胺基硫代酸甲基酯。 49 200811156 4 七、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:第()圖。(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: (無) 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: CN4 200811156 (本說明書格式、 發明專利說明書 順序及粗體字,請勿任意更動,※記號部分請勿填寫 ※申請案號:私//(^^ ※申請曰期: 糸1卩〇:分類:一、 發明名稱:(中文/英文) 代謝性麩胺酸受體5(MGLUR5)調節劑IV MGLUR5 MODULATORS IV 二、 申請人:(共1人) 姓名或名稱:(中文/英文) 亞斯特拉塞奈卡公司/ ASTRAZENECA AB 代表人:(中文/英文) 羅森達爾安娜-雷娜/ ROSENDAHL,ANNA-LENA 住居所或營業所地址:(中文/英文) 瑞典索德塔吉SE-151 85 SE-151 85 Sodertalje,Sweden 國籍:(中文/英文) 瑞典/ SWroEN 三、 發明人··(共6人) 姓名:(中文/英文) L 伊薩克瑪斯文/ ISAAC,METHVIN 2. 史萊西艾德瑪利克/ SLASSI,ABDELMALIK 3. 愛德華路易斯/ EDWARDS, LOUISE 4. 忻濤 / XIN,TAO 5. 瓦貝格安德烈 / WALLBERG,ANDREAS 6. 史堤法納克湯米拉夫/ STEFANAC,TOMISLAV 國籍:(中文/英文) 5.瑞典 / SWEDEN 1.-4· 6.加拿大 / CANADA 1
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| JP (1) | JP2009536212A (zh) |
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| AR (1) | AR060810A1 (zh) |
| CL (1) | CL2007001175A1 (zh) |
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| JP2011500673A (ja) | 2007-10-19 | 2011-01-06 | アストラゼネカ・アクチエボラーグ | 代謝調節型グルタミン酸受容体(mglurs)の調節因子としてのテトラゾール誘導体 |
| WO2009054790A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Amide linked heteroaromatic derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054794A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Amino 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054789A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,3-triazole pyrrolidine derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054787A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,4-triazole carboxylic acid derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054785A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,4-triazole ether derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054791A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Fused pyrrolidine 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054786A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,4-triazole aryl n-oxides derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| WO2009054792A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Aminopyridine derivatives as modulators of mglur5 |
| TW200922586A (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-06-01 | Astrazeneca Ab | Thiophene 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as modulators of mGluR5 |
| NZ763299A (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2025-09-26 | Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd | Compound having cyclic structure |
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| JP2007523181A (ja) * | 2004-02-18 | 2007-08-16 | アストラゼネカ アクチボラグ | ポリヘテロ環式化合物、および、代謝型グルタミン酸受容体アンタゴニストとしてのそれらの使用 |
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2007
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| CN101437815A (zh) | 2009-05-20 |
| AR060810A1 (es) | 2008-07-16 |
| WO2007130823A3 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| WO2007130823A2 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| UY30305A1 (es) | 2007-11-30 |
| US20070259923A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
| CL2007001175A1 (es) | 2008-01-18 |
| EP2032568A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| JP2009536212A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
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