TW200818587A - Fuel cell and product of combustion humidity sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

Densities of water vapor can be detected and quantified at a high sampling rate for a gas. The gas can be contained within a sample chamber within or outside of an instrument enclosure. A first split beam passes through the enclosure and the sample chamber while a second split beam that passes only through the enclosure provides a reference that can be used to correct for ambient humidity in the instrument enclosure.

Description

200818587 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] Gas Density, Processed Waste Gas The present invention relates generally to detecting and measuring water vapor flow in a gas stream including, but not limited to, from a fuel cell and a combustion process. [Prior Art] The performance of a fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) or other compatible means to control the ion current in an electrolytic reaction is quite sensitive to the level of water vapor on the electrode membrane. For the movement of the electrode film to conduct protons and to create charged particles that generate electric current, the electrode film must retain moisture moderately. Moisture may be supplied by water vapor in the incoming air or fuel gas (e.g., hydrogen) to maintain an appropriate amount of moisture on the electrode film. To ensure reliable and rapid operation of the fuel cell, it is necessary to measure the concentration of water vapor accurately, reliably, strongly and instantaneously. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A feature of the present invention includes an instrument enelQsure and a light source that emits a beam of light within the instrument space. A beam splitter is disposed in the instrument space for splitting the beam into a first partial beam and a second partial beam. A sampling chamber for receiving a humid flowing air stream can be selectively disposed within the instrument space or external to the instrument space, and the first beam splitter can pass the sampling chamber path length through the sampling chamber. A first detector is disposed in the instrument space, and is located in the path of the first partial beam of the 200818587 after the first partial beam passes through the sampling chamber. The first detector quantizes a first intensity of light transmitted in the first partial beam after a first instrument spatial path length and a length of the sampling chamber path in the instrument space. A second rhythm is provided in the instrument space, which is located in the path of the second partial beam. The second detector quantizes a second intensity of light transmitted in the second partial beam after a second instrument spatial path length in the instrument space. The second instrument space path length is approximately equal to the first instrument space path length. A controller receives and interprets a first signal from the first detector, and a second signal from the second detector, and calculates a partial pressure of water vapor in the humid flowing airflow. [Embodiment] The disclosed person is a humidity sensor and a method of using the humidity sensor. The disclosed subject matter makes it possible to measure the humidity or humidity within a wet flowing gas stream to become volatility and rapid 'its sampling rate is about once per second. The sampling chamber where the light measurement is performed can be sufficiently heated to completely evaporate the liquid water trapped in the gas stream. When the water droplets in the gas stream are not completely evaporated, they do not affect the reading of the humidity sensor because the wavelengths of light absorbed by both liquid water and gaseous water vapor are not the same. When the sampling chamber of the humidity sensor is filled with water, it can quickly and automatically recover, because the sampling chamber can be heated quickly in the following manner (the features of the disclosed subject matter may provide one or more advantages including, but not limited to, Accurate, reliable, powerful and instantaneous measurement of water vapor concentration. The rapid response of the disclosed systems, methods, techniques and manufactured articles, etc., makes these systems, methods, techniques and articles of manufacture suitable for use as 200818587 Controlling the moisture flow in the subtropical control (for example, using the gas method for cooling the fuel cell or monitoring and/or controlling the combustion process* milk machine) The water vapor partial pressure of an in-situ sensor at high temperature and phase, and the gas flow disclosed herein can be used as part of the fuel cell system of σ j邛马正吊刼. In this application, the analyzed meteorites "

The milk flow that is scared can be filled with a fuel that selectively contains hydrogen, a, natural gas, or other fuel gas. In this application, the gas stream analyzed may also be an oxidant stream which may be selected from a combination of air, oxygen/nitrogen mixture, or other oxidant gas. The inductor can also be used as part of a fuel cell system to develop, test or provide maintenance of a fuel cell or fuel cell system. The inductor can also be used as a downstream of a combustion system or device (e.g., an internal combustion engine of a car). The disclosed targets can also be used in the metal processing industry, such as in furnace or heat treatment applications, as well as in other high humidity, high temperature environments, such as triple warming. -- ' " . . . Such sensors can also be installed in series in a fuel cell hygrometer and an analyzed fuel cell and / or fuel cell stack to measure the gas flow before it enters the fuel cell The seat metric in . This humidity measurement can be used to optimize the performance of the fuel cell, depending on the wet state of the fuel cell electrode film (and other factors, etc.). Such an inductor can also be installed after the fuel cell in either of the two exhaust streams to measure the seat in the exhaust stream. The disclosed devices, systems, and techniques can be used in any fuel cell, fuel cell stack, fuel cell test instrument, or fuel cell system using any gaseous anode or cathode gas stream, including but not limited to , air, oxygen 200818587 and nitrogen) may contain moisture. The disclosed sensor can also be used to measure the water vapor partial pressure and/or other component partial pressures in the exhaust stream of a combustion process (e.g., from the exhaust stream in an internal combustion engine). For scientists or engine researchers who develop, design engine tests or study fuel/air ratios, fuel formulations and their POC products, the engine develops the products of eombustioii (POC) in automotive internal combustion engines. Focus. The present invention is very useful for analyzing cold start gas products that do not use stoichiometric engines. For those involved in environmental air quality planning, they are also very interested in analyzing POC. In other modes, the disclosed subject matter can be used to measure the partial pressure of water vapor in the metal processing industry, such as in a furnace or heat treatment application. The disclosed targets can also be used to measure the partial pressure of water vapor in a warm or high temperature environment. In another embodiment, the humidity sensor can be used to control a humidity system or a combustion system, and another variation is as an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The block diagram 100 of Figure 1 shows an example of a humidity sensor. In Figure 1, there is an instrument space 102 that can accommodate most of the components of the sensor. Temperature control of the internal volume of the instrument space 102 can be selectively provided, for example, by controlling its temperature to be near room temperature, for example between about 2 Torr and 3 〇c. Various temperature control mechanisms can be used, such as a thermocouple with feedback control (connected to a heating element or the like) to maintain the temperature of the instrument space i 〇 2 and its components within the current preset temperature range. A light source 104, such as a laser, that produces a continuous or pulsed beam 106 is disposed within the instrument space 102 such that the interior of the instrument space 1〇2 can be maintained at the current temperature range. In some embodiments, the light source 104 is disposed outside of the instrument space 102 by 200818587, particularly if there is a coupled fiber. In his implementation mode, the light source 104 can be #% //, and the Yuyuan 104 shell surface temperature control, so that the temperature dimension is between 201 and 403⁄4. The light source can be used to maintain the light source 1〇4 and ^ ^ ^ ^ 9 JT by using various temperature control mechanisms, such as a heating mechanism, such as feedback heating control connected to a heating element or the like. ^ a ^ ms 0 ^ # ^ t ^ ^ # ^ ^ # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ IE ffl # ^ ^ a ^ ^ ^ ^ 〇^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

The selected wavelength or range of wavelengths is consistent with the gas phase light absorption characteristics of the water molecules to distinguish them from other components in the gas stream or sample. In the example, the light source must be capable of providing light in the wavelength range of 1354.39 μιη. The absorption spectrum of water vapor is known, and it is about μηι,! 37 ^ 2·35 μη, 2·70 μΜ, 3.00 4 The range has a strong absorption peak. The disclosed methods, techniques, apparatus, and systems can be used to measure gas sample or other gas enthalpy in a flowing gas stream. For other material analysis, other suitable wavelengths or wavelength ranges can be selected. The beam 1 〇 6 emitted from the source 104 can be selectively focused or guided by one or more collimating lenses 1 〇 8 or other optical components. The light source 1〇4 can also be an adjustable two-pole laser, such as a distributed feedback laser (DFL), a Vertica Uy cavity surfacee emit laser (VCSEL), a horizontal cavity surface. A horizontal cavity surfacee emitting laser (HCSEL) and the like. These lasers can emit lasers directly or have a fiber. Quantum cascade lasers and other lasers that produce incident light in the desired wavelength range can also be used. A light-emitting diode (LED) or a 曰-'.--light can also be used as the light source 104. In the case of using an LED or a fluorescent lamp as the light source 1 〇 4, a filter can be selectively mounted after the light source, which allows only light of a selected wavelength range to pass. The light beam 106 is split into a first partial beam 112 and a second partial beam 114 by a beam splitter 110. This beam splitter no selectively has a poke point reflection pattern on the path of the beam 1〇6. In other embodiments, the beam splitter may have partial reflectivity, for example, a portion of the beam splitter in the path of the beam 1〇6 is silver. In other embodiments, a mirror may be selectively included in the path of the beam 1 〇 6 and a portion of the laser light reflected to the second sniffer 132. The first knife beam 112 may pass through the sampling chamber 116 either directly or using one or more optical components including, but not limited to, optical fibers, mirrors, and the like. The sampling chamber ii6 can include one or more pairs of light sources! The light emitted by 04 is a transparent window. The temperature of the sampling chamber 116 can be maintained at a higher temperature than the interior of the instrument space ’ 2 to prevent condensation of moisture in the humidified gas stream. In one example, the sampling chamber 116 can be isolated and include a mechanism that heats the sampling chamber n6 to a ratio 105. (: or higher temperatures. In another example, the sampling chamber (1) can be isolated and include a mechanism that can be adjusted via a control mechanism operated by the user of the humidity sensor to (4) In another example, the sampling chamber 116 can be isolated and includes a mechanism that can adjust a temperature range via an automatic control mechanism to add the temperature of the chamber 116. The first-sub-beam "V can pass (4) ^ See a gas that passes through the sample to 116, and then exits from the same =120 as it entered or exits from the second window 120. If ... window 120, another mirror can be set to divide the minute Light beam 112 10 200818587

Reflected back away from a window 1 20 to extend the first partial beam 1 12 in the sampling which design, the first partial beam 112 sample chamber length is 1 22 . The inlet 124 and outlet 126 of the sampling chamber are selectively located in the instrument space. It is also possible to use more than one distance traveled in the mirror chamber 116. Regardless of whether the extraction passes through one of the sampling chambers 1 16 has a flow allowing gas to flow in and out. In some embodiments, the sampling chamber 6 can be external to the apparatus 102, for example, by current measurement systems (eg, in situ measurements). The two chambers are composed of A & The temperature of the instrument space 102 can be maintained at a temperature close to room temperature, and the chamber is fully isolated from the sampling chamber 1 16 to thermally control the light source and/or detector in the instrument space 102 and other The hunger of the assembly is at a temperature, and the sampling chamber 丨丨6 is at a different temperature than the temperature of the instrument space, for example, a temperature of about 7 〇 85 〇〇 or more. The gas stream flowing through the sampling chamber 116 can be depressed at room pressure, for example, at about j atmosphere, or under vacuum or positive pressure.

After passing through the sampling chamber 116, the first partial beam 丨2 can directly impact a first detector 13A that can quantify the light intensity of the light source 104, or pass through or a plurality of other optical components (including but It is not limited to an optical fiber, a mirror, or the like, and then hits the first detector 130. The first partial beam 112 also traverses a first instrument space path length, except that the first partial beam "i 2" exits the beam splitter i 1 and traverses and reaches the sampling chamber path length 122 of the first detector 130. • . . . _ - . - - will pass through the air or other gas mixture in this instrument space 102. This air or other gas clock mixture may contain significant water vapor density which may bias the water vapor density in the sample chamber U6. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the first instrument space path length is equal to the distance between the beam splitter and the sampling chamber window 1 2 (the first partial beam 1 1 2 is from the window into the sampling chamber 1 16) 200818587 From L1, the sum of the distance ^ between the sampling chamber window 120 (the first partial beam 112 exits the sampling chamber 116 from this window) and the first detector 130. After the beam splitter 110, the second partial beam 114 can directly strike the second detector 132 as described in FIG. 1 or pass through one or more optical components (including but not

It is limited to the fiber, the mirror, etc.) to hit the second detector 132. The second partial beam 丨Μ will traverse a second instrument space path length during which air or other gas mixture in the instrument space 102 will pass. In the embodiment shown in the second diagram, the second instrument space path length is equal to the distance L3 between the beam splitter 1 1 〇 and the second detector 132. The component in the instrument space 1〇2 may be arranged such that the second instrument spatial path length is at least approximately equal to the first spatial path length i in FIG. 1 , the relationship may be LI + L2 = L3 to indicate the first detection The detector 130 and the second detector: 132 may each be a photon detector. A photon detector is a potassium-doped gallium (InGaAs) photodiode v that is sensitive to light in the wavelength region of 12 〇〇 to 26 〇〇 nm. For long wavelengths, the wavelength region can be used at about 3·6 μπι. The light-sensitive clock indium (111^) photodiode. Or . - .- ' person' can use an indium tin oxide detector that is currently widely used for light of 5·5 μιη. Both indium detectors can operate or operate in optoelectronic mode without requiring a bias current. These optical debt detectors without low-wavelength noise are ideal for DC or low-frequency applications. These detectors are also useful for detecting high-speed pulsed lasers, making them particularly suitable for tracking gas absorption spectra. Other types of photodetectors that conform to the wavelength of the source 104 may also be selected and used, including indium (InAs), antimony or neon diodes, and mecuiTy-cadmium-telluride (MCT) and Lead sulfide (PbS) detector. A controller or control unit 134 may be included to receive the first detector 12 200818587 1 1 0 and the second debt detector! The signals emitted by 3 2 are processed and the water vapor partial pressures in the sampling chamber 1 16 are calculated. Because of the water vapor in the instrument space 102, it can be assumed that the water vapor density distribution in the instrument space 1 〇 2 is very uniform, by measuring the light absorption of the second partial beam 114 along the length of the second instrument space path. And the length of the first instrument space path (ie, LI + L2 in FIG. 1) can be corrected to correct the light absorption from the first partial beam 112. The control or control early element 134 includes one or more processors. It is lightly connected to a memory in which instructions can be stored in computer readable code. When performing work on these processors, the instructions may implement a method, such as the method described herein, to analyze the flow in a flowing gas stream or a fixed gas sampling space. If the control unit 134 is electrically connected to the light source 1〇4, it selectively controls the light source i 04. For example, if source 丨〇 4 is an adjustable diode laser, control unit 134 can control the scan rate and interpret the direct voltage measurement with first detector 130 and second detector 132. This control .... ' Zaofan 134 can also adjust the bridge group amplitude to improve the spectral resolution. The wavelength of this tunable laser can be varied by injecting current while keeping the laser temperature constant. By separately controlling the temperature of the laser (as opposed to the temperature control of the sampling chamber ι 6 or the instrument space 102), and thus adjusting it to the proper water vapor absorption wavelength. In some embodiments, the adjustable laser, such as light source 〇4, temperature mechanism and technique, you 丨 ' θ t , has feedback control (connected to a heating and / or cooling element or the like) of heat Light, in contact with the adjustable laser, to maintain: the temperature of the adjustable laser is within the current preset temperature range. In some embodiments, this (four) unit 134 can provide process control functions to regulate the temperature in the instrument space "02 13 200818587.

The inductor disclosed herein can use a laser having a spectrum that is narrower than the desired absorption line. A single-spectrum absorption spectrum can be used in such a configuration, which does not require scanning the entire width of the absorption line or the absorption peak of the line. The wavelength of the laser can be chosen to distinguish between the relative absorption peak of the water molecule and the absorption peak of the other constituents of the gas to be measured. The direct absorption spectrum is not sensitive to the background gas composition. By measuring direct absorption, noise changes due to background gases can be eliminated or substantially reduced. In some embodiments, the humidity sensor uses a direct absorption spectrum. This approach is advantageous for measuring the water vapor content of the combustion products, where the composition within the gas stream is constantly changing. In certain embodiments, the absorption spectrometer system can use harmonic spectroscopy coupled to a TDL source. The harmonic spectroscopy technique used in the present disclosure involves the regulation of TDL laser (DFB or VCSEL) wavelengths at high frequencies (kHz-MHz) and detection of signals at multiple regulated frequencies. If the signal is detected at twice the regulation frequency, it is expressed using the words sec〇nd harmonic or "2f" spectrum (Spectr〇sc〇py). Advantages of this technique include minimizing i/f noise and removing oblique lines on the TDL spectrum (because the laser output power increases as the injected laser current increases, and the laser is injected with the change) Current to adjust the laser. The combination of low ramp 奂 wavelength fast sinusoidal regulation can be used to drive the laser 'diode. The first detection benefit 130 and the second detector 132 can each receive the regulation The intensity signal is obtained by transposing the received signal to obtain the Nth harmonic composition. 2f can be used to detect the signal. The 2f line is symmetrical in shape and has a peak at the center of the line due to the averaging function. This secondary reconciliation (se_d ham(10)(4) or 14

200818587 "2f" provides the strongest signal for even-numbered reconciliations. Relative to the direct absorption method, by using the detection to move to a higher frequency, the i/f noise of the "2f" spectrum can be significantly reduced and a substantially sensitive enhancement can be provided. Photoacustic spectroscopy can also be used '- ' ' _ In another operation, the data collection device can be used to receive from the first detector B0, the second detector 132, and or other systems related The signal from the sensor. In another operation, the data or a collection of portions thereof can be wirelessly transmitted to a computer or a data slave device. This control unit 134 can be connected to the instrument space 1〇2 using a single control cable. In various embodiments, the control unit 134 can be an electronic space in the form of a separate control box that can house electronic components, or can be mounted in a conventional grid-mounted electronic space. This control unit 134 can be installed in other variations of the computer, automotive, electronic or electronic interior space. r can be used to determine the gas sample or gas flow using a commonly used ratiometric technique using an absorption spectrometer (where the beam 106 is split into two paths). Water vapor density. The transmission intensity T is the ratio of 1 to IG, where Ig is the intensity that is not measured by the end of the reference beam path of the sampling chamber 116 (as in the second partial beam 114 in Fig. 1), and is passed through the sampling chamber. 116 light | The measured intensity at the end of the path (as in the first sub-beam 112). The water vapor density w can be obtained by the following formula: W =: ^ \ n (T) / (kL) (1) where k is the absorption cross-sectional area (or absorption constant) and l is the length of the buck in the sampling chamber. Depending on the unit of k selected, the unit of W can be 曰% by ^ double a intensity (how many molecules per cubic centimeter), vapor pressure (亳巴), and so on. 15 200818587 As described above, the optical path length within the instrument space 102 can be designed such that the first instrument spatial path length traversed by the first partial beam 1 12 is equal to or approximately equal to the second instrument traversed by the second partial beam 1 14 The length of the space path. a portion of the overall optical path between the light source 104 and the respective first detector 1 30 and the second detector 1 3 2, for the two legs (ie, the distance between the light source 104 and the sub-mirror no) In terms of it, they are all the same. This arrangement makes the optical path lengths outside the sampling chamber equal. The water vapor density in the instrument space is the same in both legs. When the ratio of 1/1〇 is formed, the light absorption value will be offset, leaving only the volume from the inside of the sample chamber. The absorption spectrum. The direct absorption measurement in the sensor can be calculated according to Equation 1 (Beer's Law). Based on the measured values of k and L and T, w can be calculated. One of the changes, if k is known, no specific calculation procedure is required. For measurements using adjustable lasers and modulated laser currents, calculations can be performed selectively using airflows of different humidity. For direct absorption measurements using adjustable laser and regulated laser currents, the calculated values are independent of background airflow composition and pressure. Fig. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of a fuel cell humidity sensor mounted in the fuel cell system 2. In certain embodiments, a fuel cell system or a fuel cell balance of a process can include equipment necessary to perform, test, and/or maintain a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system or the fuel cell balance of the company may include the following group 2: a gas flow controller, a gas pressure controller, a gas temperature controller, a gas mixing mechanism, a waterway, and a skillful ~s green, with the official gas humidity equipment, « ^ ^ ^ ft ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fiJ ? t ^ ^ ^ power adjustment benefits for the analyzer, or other start-up operations, test maintenance 16 200818587 Controller or equipment for fuel cells. In these embodiments of the fuel cell,

A fuel gas is adjusted, wetted if necessary, and then: fed into the fuel cell via a gas line. In these embodiments of the fuel cell system, an oxidant gas may alternatively be adjusted, wetted if necessary, and then sent to the fuel cell via a gas line. In other embodiments of the fuel cell system, the oxidant may also be uncontrolled, which may be an air venting mechanism that is coupled to the fuel cell. The fuel cell can also be implemented to selectively include a system for processing or measuring the fuel gas stream and/or the oxidant gas stream after the fuel gas stream and/or the oxidant gas stream exits the fuel cell. In some embodiments of a fuel cell system, control of the system can be performed using a processor embedded in the system, a computer in the system, a remote computer, or other control method. Examples of fuel cell systems shown are a fuel cell test station 2, a humidity sensor 100, a fuel cell 204, and a control unit 134. This fuel cell test station 202 produces a humid flowing gas stream. The turbulent flow of gas is supplied to the humidity in the sampling chamber (inside the instrument space 1 〇 2) via the inlet 1 24, and the gas exits the humidity sensor via the outlet 126 at a time 1 !! (10) Going forward ^ The fuel being tested is transferred to 2G4. By the control unit 134 or other data couch! The device, the computer, etc. receive the data from the I degree sensor, the control list; 134 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 5lJ ^ # t ^ ^ ^ 2〇2 ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M t vtL ^ ^ 202 ^ ^ ^ ^ ) or other operating conditions. In some embodiments, the sampling chamber 1 can be a prior, line or official or other portion that can be placed outside of the instrument, 102. In the other embodiments, as shown in Fig. 3, the 17 200818587 degree sensor 1 〇 测量 is used to measure the combustion product of a combustion apparatus (for example, an internal combustion engine). The system 300 shown in Fig. 3 includes a humidity sensor 10A and a control unit 134. A combustion unit 302 having an exhaust pipe 304 produces a flow of exhaust gas comprising combustion products containing water vapor. At least a portion of the exhaust gas stream flowing from the exhaust pipe 304 is directly introduced into the inlet 124 of the humidity sensor 1〇〇. This moist air flow flows through the sampling chamber of the 感应1 sensor. The signals of the first and second detectors (130 and 1 32 in Fig. 1) are supplied to the control unit Γ34, which periodically calculates the water vapor partial pressure of the humid exhaust gas stream. This tidal exhaust stream passes through the 'house sensor exit 1 2 6 ', for example, the surrounding environment, additional analysis, and emission control equipment. The control unit 134 can provide a signal back to the combustion unit 302 to indicate the combustion of the exhaust stream and thereby assist in regulating and/or optimizing the combustion process. In some embodiments, the sampling, chamber 126 can be a line, tube or other component in a combustion unit exhaust pipe that can be disposed external to the instrument interior space 102. Flowchart 400 of Figure 4 illustrates a method for measuring the partial pressure of water vapor in a moist flowing gas stream. In step 402, the humid flowing gas stream flows through a sampling chamber 116 in an interior volume of one of the instrument interior spaces 102. The instrument internal space 102 can be temperature controlled as described above at a temperature of room temperature. The sampling chamber 1 16 can be disposed as described above, optionally in the interior space of the instrument 1 〇 2 . . . . In step 404, the light beam emitted from source 104 is split into a first partial beam 112 and a second partial beam Π4. The first partial beam 112 passes through the sampling chamber 116 and traverses a first instrument internal space path of the instrument interior space 102. The second partial beam 1 14 passes through the sampling chamber 1 16 and passes through one of the second internal space paths of the instrument interior space 1〇2. In step 406, the optical absorbances of the first partial beam 112 and the second partial beam 114 of 18 200818587 are quantized, respectively. In step 410, the partial pressure of water vapor in the sampling chamber is calculated based on the light absorbance along the stem of the first partial beam 1 and the second partial beam 114. Figure 5 is a sample spectral data plot 500 taken with the disclosed humidity sensor ι. As the laser scans over its wavelength range, the laser light absorption appears to be a recess in the sample beam spectrum 502 and a recess in the reference beam spectrum 504. The absorption line 502 of the sample beam (first partial beam 112) exhibits a higher absorption because the beam can be absorbed by the moisture in the internal space 1〇2 of the instrument and the gas flow in the sampling chamber 116 under test. The absorption line 504 of the reference beam (second partial beam 114) exhibits less absorption as it is only absorbed by moisture in the internal space 102 of the instrument. Both spectra are smoothed to eliminate any drift in the debt detector or electronic part. Thereafter, the two spectral ratios are logarithmically calculated to calculate the absorption curve 5, which removes the contribution of ambient air in the interior space, leaving only the contribution of humidity in the sampling chamber 116. According to Beer's law, the area under the curve is proportional to the molecular density of water vapor. The calculation of the sensor can include collecting additional data to linearize the result and remove the effect of the gas flow temperature, since the absorption constant (k) in Beer's law is temperature dependent. Depending on the design desired, the specific integrated circuits (ASICs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof that are specifically designed for use in systems, devices, methods, and/or objects may be implemented to achieve the disclosed subject matter. Various aspects. These embodiments include one or more computer programs, which include at least one executable processor (which may be a special purpose processor or a versatile processor) executable and/or interpretable. Implemented in a stylized system, the processor system 19 200818587 is connected to receive data and instructions from at least one input device and to invoke data and instructions to a storage device and at least one round-out device. One, two: The program (also known as program, software, application software or code) includes two programs. Machine instructions are available to the processor and can be implemented in a high-level program and/or a purpose-directed private language and/or in a "machine readable medium"/machine". Such a device or device (ie, a disk, a first disk, a sigh and a slap, a stylized logic device, used to provide machine instructions and/or resource WLDs), . A stylized processor includes a machine readable medium that is readable by a readable signal. The "machine-readable signal" is used to deduct any signal used to deal with the game. ', machine instructions and / or data to a stylization, although it has been apparent from the foregoing, the present invention has been described in terms of the previous plug: ', however, the skilled person will be able to display a number of alternative changes and Variants are described in the appended claims. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses all such alternative variations within the two gods and the Wenglu variant ι^^^^^^^^^' and [a brief description of the drawings] The above objects and other advantages, the preferred embodiment of the field, the first Figure 1 is a wet sound salt, more obvious, wherein: the second HA Μ should be stolen block diagram; 笫 2 picture is incorporated into the ~ figure; The humidity sensor in the battery system is shown in Figure 3 - Incorporating into the "-, ", humidity sensing system in the exhaust system of the device 20 200818587

Block diagram; Figure 4 is a flow chart for detecting and/or quantifying I; Figure 5 is a sample of a humidity sensor [Main component symbol description] 10 0 Block diagram 102 104 Light source 1 0 6 108 Collimation Lens 110 112 First partial beam 114 116 Sampling chamber 120 122 Sampling chamber path length 124 126 Outlet 130 132 Second detector 134 200 Fuel cell system 202 204 Humidity sensor 300 3 02 Combustion device 304 400 Process code 402, 500 samples Spectral data Figure 5 02 504 Reference beam spectrum 5 06 t Absorption spectrum of water vapour density in the body flow. -,.. -. . Instrument space continuous or pulsed beam splitter second sub-beam window entrance first detector controller or control unit fuel cell test station 废气 exhaust pipe 404, 406, 410 step sample beam spectral absorption Curve 21

Claims (1)

200818587 X. Patent application scope: 1. A device comprising: an instrument space; - : 'a light source' is located in the instrument space and emits a light beam; a beam splitter is used to split the beam into a first a split beam and a second split beam; a sampling chamber for receiving a humid flowing airflow, wherein the sampling chamber is positioned such that the first partial beam can pass through a sampling chamber path length in the sampling chamber; a first detector is disposed in the instrument space Positioned in the path of the first partial beam after the first partial beam passes through the sampling chamber, the first debt detector can pass through a first instrument space path length in the instrument space and let the sampling chamber path length Talk about the transmission of one of the first intensity beams in the first partial beam to quantize; a second detector disposed in the instrument space and located in the path of the second partial beam. Transmitting a second intensity light in the second partial beam that passes through a length of the second instrument in the instrument space is quantized, and the second instrument spatial path length is equal to the first instrument spatial path length And a controller configured to receive and interpret a first signal from the first detector and a second signal from the second detector to calculate water in the humid flowing airflow Vapor partial pressure. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the light source is selected from the following: a vertical cavity & surface laser (a vertical cavity surfacee emiting laser, 22 200818587 VCSEL), a horizontal cavity surfacee emiting laser (HCSEL), qUantum cascade lasers, a distributed feedback laser (DFL), color center laser ( Color center laser), light-emitting diode and a fluorescent lamp. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the light source is a tunable diode laser controlled by the controller, wherein the light beam comprises a range of wavelengths, and the controller is tunable at a wavelength of the range The adjustable diode laser demodulates the first signal and the second signal to determine a first absorption spectrum of the first partial beam and a second absorption spectrum of the second partial beam, and according to the The first absorption spectrum and the second absorption spectrum are used to calculate the partial pressure or density of water vapor in the flowing gas stream. 4. The device of claim, wherein the light source emits a wavelength range of about 1 · 3 5 μπι to! 39μιη light. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source emits a wavelength in the range of about 1·12 μm, j 37 μϊϊ1, 1·88 μηι, 2·3 5 μιη, 2.7〇km, 3 〇〇μηι, 6·00 μιη Or 6·5〇μιη light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The device of claim 5, wherein the sampling chamber is located in the instrument space external. 7. The device of claim 6 wherein the sampling chamber is external to the portion of the instrument space and is analyzed by the system 8 as claimed in claim 1 _ 5 Φ red $ The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the sampling chamber is maintained above about 1〇5〇c. The apparatus of any one of clauses, wherein the temperature of the sampling chamber is controlled by an -adjustable menu mechanism. The apparatus of any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the temperature of the sampling chamber is controlled by an adjustable automation mechanism. The apparatus of any one of clauses 1 to 5 wherein the temperature of the instrument space is maintained between about 20 art and about 35. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the light source is maintained between about 2 〇 and about 4 generations. The apparatus of any one of the items of the present invention, further comprising: an inlet entering the sample chamber and an outlet exiting the sampling chamber; a fuel cell system 'connected to the inlet, the fuel cell system being The wet, flowing gas stream; a connector configured to connect a fuel cell to the outlet such that the humid flowing gas stream from the fuel cell system can be supplied to the fuel cell. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: an inlet into the sampling chamber and an outlet exiting the sampling chamber; a fuel cell (which is connected to the inlet) a fuel cell exhaust port, the fuel cell providing the humid flowing airflow; and a switcher configured to connect a fuel cell system to the outlet, such that The wet flowing gas stream from the fuel cell can be supplied to the fuel cell system. The device of claim 14, wherein the outlet of the sampling chamber is vented to the atmosphere. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tidal flow is a waste gas stream discharged from a burner (which is coupled to one of the sampling chambers). 17. The device of claim 1, wherein the device of the invention is a combustion engine, wherein the device is provided by any one of the claims 1 to 5, Including an internal combustion engine including an exhaust pipe connected to the sampling chamber, the exhaust pipe can provide the humid flowing airflow, and the control piano is related to the water vapor density or partial pressure in the waste airflow. 200818587 19. A method comprising: splitting a beam from a source into a first partial beam and a second partial beam; flowing a moist gas stream through a sampling chamber; directing the first partial beam through the sampling chamber And reaching a first detector in the space of the instrument, the first detector can traverse the space of the instrument - the length of the first instrument space path and the length of the first sample room path in the sampling chamber Transmitting one of the first intensity beams of the first partial beam to quantize; directing the second partial beam to a second detector located in the instrument space, and the second detector can pass through the instrument space Transmitting, by the second instrument space path length, a second intensity light in the second partial beam to quantize the length of the first instrument spatial path equal to the first instrument spatial path, and according to the light A intensity and a second intensity of the light are used to calculate or promote the partial pressure or density of water vapor within the sampling chamber. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the promotion comprises one or more of the following: displaying, image loading or storing a partial pressure or density of water vapor within the sample chamber. The method of claim 19, further comprising periodically determining the distribution or density of water vapor within the moist gas stream. The method of claim 19, wherein the light source is selected from the group consisting of: 26 200818587: a vertical cavity surface emitt (VCSEL), a horizontal cavity surfacee Emiting laser, HCSEL), quantum cascade lasers, distributed feedback lasers (& (!151:14151116 (1 feedback laser, DFL), color center laser, color dipole Body and a fluorescent lamp p The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein the light source is an adjustable one-pole laser, and wherein the light beam comprises a range of wavelengths; further comprising: adjusting within a wavelength of the range The adjustable diode laser and demodulating a first signal from a first detector and a second signal from a second detector to determine one of the first partial beams a first absorption spectrum and a second absorption spectrum of the second partial beam; and calculating a partial pressure or density of water vapor in the sampling chamber based on the first absorption spectrum and the second absorption spectrum. The method of any of claims 19-21, wherein the step of quantifying the absorption of the selected wavelength is achieved by one of: direct absorption spectroscopy, harmonic spectroscopy, photogenicity Photoacousfic spectroscopy &gt; integrated cavity spectroscopy, and cavity enhanced spectroscopy 〇27 200818587 25·A method as claimed in claim 19, 2i #1 contains a wavelength range of about 1 , where the beam package • 35 Pm to! </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; 2.35μπι&gt; Μ ' 6, Tao or 6.5 〇 _ light. 27. If any of the claims 19, 21 is outside the instrument space. The method of the present invention, wherein the sampling chamber 28 is the method of claim 1 in any one of the outer spaces of the instrument space, wherein the sampling chamber portion includes a portion of the system being analyzed . 29·If reading the item]Q, the grazing will be above about 105 °C. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sample room is controlled by a menu menu mechanism, and the sample room, /%21 In one of the methods described, the temperature is controlled by a copper*8-ring automation mechanism. 32. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a temperature dimension of the space of the device. 旯匕3 is about 2 (TC to about 35 ° C. 28 200818587 3 3. The method of any one of claims 19 to 21, further comprising maintaining the temperature of the light source between about 20 T: and about 40 ° C. 3. The method of claim 19, further comprising The sampling chamber flows the humid gas from a fuel system to an operating fuel cell and calculates the partial pressure or density of water vapor in the humid gas stream at regular intervals. 3. The method of claim 19, further comprising flowing the humid gas from a fuel cell to a fuel cell system via the sampling chamber and calculating a water vapor fraction in the humid gas stream at a fixed interval Pressure or density. 3. The method of claim 19, further comprising flowing the humid gas from a fuel cell to the atmosphere via the sampling chamber and calculating a partial pressure or density of water vapor in the humid gas stream at a fixed interval . The method of any of claims 34-36, wherein the fixed interval is about 1 second. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the calculating is performed by a controller and further comprising providing a feedback signal from the controller to the fuel cell system based on the measured water vapor density to maintain The partial pressure or density of water vapor in the gas stream is at a fixed value. 29 200818587 The method of claim 19, wherein the humid gas stream is a waste gas stream from a combustion unit, and wherein the propagating comprises providing one of a partial pressure or density of water vapor in the waste gas stream. The feedback signal is given to the combustion device. 30