TR2021021135A2 - ORGANIC, INORGANIC, COMPOSED AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION METHOD FROM CHICKEN BETTERS AND ASH - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to obtain high quality fertilizer suitable for use in agriculture (gardens, greenhouses and fields) from waste material (chicken bedding and ash resulting from the burning of chicken bedding in a biomass power plant) at below market prices. It is also important in terms of foreign dependency, especially in the fertilizer sector, and bringing a production facility with the ability and capacity to make fertilizer in different compositions to the country's economy. Meet; In the organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, the organic matter (chicken bedding) coming out of the coops in chicken factories and the waste ashes from the burning of this organic matter in biomass power plants, together or separately, are used to obtain P-K-containing and N-P-K-containing compound-organomineral usable fertilizers in water-soluble form in the organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, continuously. It covers the fertilizer production method designed to work, the process steps, their sequence and the resulting product properties. The advantages and areas of use are given below: - Organic waste (chicken litter) is made usable as fertilizer. - Inorganic waste (power plant ash) can be used as fertilizer either alone or together with chicken litter. - These wastes (chicken bedding), which cause environmental problems due to their undesirable bad odor, storage and disposal problems, have been used in a strategic area such as fertilizer. - The products obtained have the composition of currently sold commercial products or are of higher quality; It can be produced at less cost than market conditions. - It is suitable for use in the entire agricultural sector, for vegetable and fruit gardens, greenhouses and landscaping areas. - The P-K contents of the produced fertilizers are completely water-soluble. - The most important advantage of the designed production methods and process steps is that fertilizers can be produced in different compositions for different uses and needs. - Designing the facility as a unit minimizes time losses during the production of different products. - There is no need for foreign resources, materials, machinery and information for the facility. Within the scope of the invention; - The use of chicken bedding and plant ashes obtained as a result of burning chicken bedding in biomass power plants in the production of fertilizer, - In the organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, water-soluble P-K-containing and N-P-K-containing organomineral usable fertilizers have been obtained in organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, - Chicken bedding is used directly or by mixing it with power plant ash as fertilizer. The method of composting chicken litter with lactic acid bacteria injection and obtaining fertilizer so that it can be used as fertilizer, - The method of composting chicken litter with sulfuric acid and obtaining organic fertilizer so that chicken litter can be used as fertilizer directly or by mixing it with power plant ash, - The method of using power plant ash directly as potash fertilizer. method, - The method of obtaining inorganic fertilizer with different P-K compositions from power plant ash, - The method of obtaining N-P-K compound fertilizer from power plant ash, - The method of obtaining N-P-K organomineral fertilizer from power plant ash and chicken litter have been developed and introduced to the industry.

Description

DESCRIPTION ORGANIC, INORGANIC, COMPOSITE AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION METHOD FROM CHICKEN LITTER AND ASH Technical Field: - Invention; It is concerned with the process steps and product properties obtained by obtaining water-soluble, P-K and N-P-K compound-organomineral fertilizers in the organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, using organic matter (chicken litter) from the undersides of chicken coops in chicken factories and waste ashes from the combustion of this organic matter in biomass power plants, either together or separately, and by using a fertilizer production method designed for continuous operation. State of the Art: Fertilizers are concentrated active nutrients applied to the soil or plants to contribute to plant growth. In addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, which are the main inputs for plant nutrition, significant amounts of auxiliary substances are also needed. These substances, generally referred to as fertilizers, are classified as primary, secondary, and micronutrients according to their importance and required amounts. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are primary fertilizers. Plants It can absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrogen from ammonia, nitrate, or urea; phosphorus from single or triple superphosphate; and potassium as potassium chloride or sulfate. Secondary nutrients include calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. These can be added to some chemical fertilizers. Micronutrients include elements such as boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, and are consumed only in very small amounts. Micronutrients must be added with great care, as excessive amounts and concentrations can harm plants and soil. Plant nutrition is among the most important issues for food and raw material production, both historically and in the future. This, considering the limited availability of sufficient organic fertilizers, highlights the importance of concentrated chemical fertilizer production. Furthermore, the future of intensively produced organic biochemical fertilizers appears promising. Chemical fertilizers are also needed for biomass production in this sector. Another important aspect of biotechnology is the potential for the production of cheap and abundant hydrogen in the future, driven by biotechnology. The chemical fertilizer sector could see significant developments, particularly with the introduction of waste nutrients or the inclusion of chemical fertilizers in the production of microbial mass. The definition of chemical fertilizer includes urea and urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), ammonium nitrate (AN), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), superphosphate (single/SSP and triple/TSPL), and compound (NPK, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) fertilizers. The raw materials used for the fertilizer are listed below: - Urea and UAN (urea ammonium nitrate): - Ammonia and ammonium nitrate - Ammonium nitrate and CAN (calcium ammonium nitrate): - Ammonia, nitric acid, and calcium carbonate - NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphate-Potassium): Produced in two distinct ways. 1- The starting materials used in producing nitrophosphate are ammonia, nitric acid, and phosphate. 2- In the mixed acid method, the starting materials are ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphate rock, and additives such as potassium, magnesium, and sulfur. Fertilizer production facilities use a variety of starting materials, sometimes together and sometimes separately, depending on the type of fertilizer being produced. The main starting materials for chemical fertilizer production are ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. Some of these substances are imported, while others are produced in the same facility. The main produced substances and their natural raw materials in a fertilizer production facility are as follows: - Ammonia: Hydrocarbons such as naphtha, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum derivatives, and even coal, as a source of air, water, and hydrogen. Nitric acid: Air, water and ammonia o Sulfuric acid: Water and sulfur - Phosphoric acid: Water and phosphate rock Ammonium Nitrate (AN) and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Production Facilities Ammonium Nitrate and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Production Ammonium nitrate (AN, NH4NO3l) is the most widely used nitrogenous fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is also used as an explosive. It is obtained by neutralizing nitric acid with ammonia. This reaction can occur at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure to 3-4 bar and at temperatures between 132 °C and 185 °C. Although it varies according to operating conditions, the ammonium nitrate solution obtained has a concentration of 50-70%. After drying, the resulting concentrated ammonium nitrate solution forms a solid fertilizer. Facility capacities are in a very flexible range according to need. (from a few hundred to 3600 tons/day) can be selected. The nitrogen value of ammonium nitrate fertilizer is 35% N. Since ammonium nitrate can be used in plant nutrition in various ways, the ammonium nitrate solution produced in the first stage; o After being stored as a solution, it is either used in this form or shipped to other facilities and subjected to additional processing, - Ammonium nitrate fertilizer in solid form is obtained by subjecting it to the granulation (priming) process. It is mixed with solid additives such as calcium carbonate (ground limestone, dolomite dust, or calcium carbonate obtained as a by-product from another production process, etc.), and then granulated to obtain CAN solid fertilizer. Depending on the need, it is possible to operate using liquid ammonia and evaporation, or by utilizing the plant's waste heat as a vaporization energy source. The stages are neutralization, evaporation, and solidification (prilling/granulation), and are briefly explained below. Neutralization: Gaseous ammonia combines with nitric acid in an exothermic reaction, converting it to ammonium nitrate and water. Nitric acid is preheated before it can react; preheating is particularly necessary in plants using dilute acid. This process can utilize the steam and hot condensate formed in the later stages of the plant. The neutralization process can be single- or two-stage. In two-stage systems, the first reactor operates at acidic pH levels, while the second reactor operates at neutral pH levels. Reactors have different pressure and temperature conditions selected for different technologies. Gaseous impurities such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and methane, which can be carried by the ammonia stream, leave the neutralization process as air pollutants. However, the quantities and details of these are not yet known. This varies depending on the raw materials used and the facility's characteristics. Neutralization reactors can be either recirculating vessels where reactants can boil freely or tubular reactors. The type of reactor chosen also affects air pollutant emissions: Two-stage neutralization systems are systems where steam is released in the first stage and ammonia in the second. Therefore, ammonia economy is better, and its polluting properties are reduced. Single-stage neutralizers are simpler and cheaper. Operating at higher pressures produces higher-temperature steam and a more concentrated ammonium nitrate solution. Therefore, the resulting steam has a greater chance of being used in later stages of the facility. Control of the neutralization process is crucial for preventing losses and leaks. These controls require careful monitoring of pH and temperature parameters. To avoid emissions that may be retained in filters in later stages of the process or that violate safety standards, Some plant designers, for example, even avoid feeding ammonium nitrate solid particles captured from emission streams back into the process. Ammonium and ammonium nitrate levels can be present in the vapor generated in neutralizers at levels of thousands of ppm. With a good neutralization reactor design, these levels can be reduced to a few hundred ppm. Otherwise, cleaning the vapor, or even cleaning the resulting liquid after condensation, is necessary. Alternatively, in a closed circuit, the steam can be used in evaporators or to preheat the ammonia or nitric acid inlet streams. The ammonium nitrate contained in the vapor, in particular, is very difficult to separate from the gas stream due to its very small particles. Therefore, droplet traps and scrubber systems, or combinations thereof, must be applied to the vapor stream. Nitric acid-added scrubber fluids can be used in scrubber units to remove free ammonia from the vapor. Units can be packed columns, wet scrubber towers with sieve trays, or venturi scrubbers. Droplet traps such as wire mesh pad traps, plate separators, and fiber mesh separators (such as PTFE) are required as gases exit the scrubber. Condensate obtained from the steam must also be cleaned; for example, ammonia stripping can be done with clean air or steam, distillation can be applied, or membrane separators can be used. Ion exchangers can also be considered for this purpose, but special safety precautions are required. Evaporation: This is the stage after the ammonium nitrate solution is obtained. Market conditions determine the amount of water that can remain in the ammonium nitrate product. If solid AN is to be obtained, the water content before prilling is required to be less than 1%. Evaporation is carried out under atmospheric pressure or even vacuum. Saturated steam is preferred to prevent the breakdown of ammonium nitrate molecules. It is possible to use the steam from the neutralizer during vacuum evaporation. It is inevitable that some ammonia will be present in the steam coming from the evaporator, and this ammonia must be cleaned. Evaporators commonly used in plants are recirculating units, such as shell-and-tube heat exchangers or falling film evaporators. The steam at the outlet of all these is contaminated and therefore must be cleaned before being released into the air. The following measures have been found to be acceptable as best technological practices for this purpose: - Similar droplet traps and scrubber units capable of capturing mist particles containing fine dust and smoke are used to clean the steam at the neutralizer outlet. Alternatively, after first converting the steam to condensate, if present, a process can be implemented by combining the condensate from the neutralizer, thus purifying both. - Prilling (or Granulation): Prilling is mostly used for solidification in the production of ammonium nitrate (AN) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). When producing CAN, calcium carbonate is added to the solution sprayed from above. Ammonium nitrate must be almost completely dehydrated for prilling. As the sprayed AN falls from above in prill towers as granules, it encounters the air rising from the bottom. Therefore, ammonia and ammonium nitrate (or CAN) leaks in the air leaving the tower from the top. Low ambient temperatures in the tower reduce emissions. Urea Production: Urea is also known in chemistry as carbamide or carbonyldiamide. It is obtained by combining NH3 and CO:. Among nitrogenous fertilizers, urea has the highest nitrogen percentage. Urea, an organic compound, is the covalent bond of two amines (NH2-) and one oxygen (O:). Urea is obtained by dehydrating the water portion of the carbamate molecules obtained from ammonia and carbon dioxide under high pressure. This two-stage equilibrium reaction sequence is as follows: 2NH3+CO2 <-› NH2 COO NH2 <-› CO(NH2I+H2O (ammonium carbamate) (urea) The first reversible reaction is exothermic and fast. The ambient conditions provided in industrial reactors ensure that this reaction is completed quickly. But the second reaction is both slower and endothermic. This means the accumulation of ammonium carbamate in the middle stage. Under ambient conditions, conditions are created that can convert 50-80% of each entering CO2 gas into urea. If the heating is increased, As the NH3/C02 ratio increases, efficiencies increase toward the higher end. Conversely, as H2O/CO2 increases, efficiencies decrease toward the lower end of these numbers. In industrial production, the separation of urea from other substances, the removal of excess ammonia gas, and the breakdown of excess ammonium carbamate, returning it to the primary inputs of ammonia and carbon dioxide, are the main principles of plant design. The corrosive nature of ammonium carbamate must be taken into account, and system heat and energy consumption must be optimized. In the oldest plants, the ammonia and carbon dioxide obtained after carbamate breakdown were not recycled. However, as system economics became more challenging, newer technologies with partial recycling emerged. However, the economic debate persisted, and recycling of all degradation products was favored. This not only saved raw materials but also saved the energy embedded in the material streams during this recycling process. This also provides the latest technologies. Therefore, the plants now feature full recirculation. However, facilities have become more complex, both in terms of initial investment and operation. In contrast, the resulting urea is of better quality, more efficient to use, and has a higher compliance with environmental standards in waste streams. In newer plants, carbamate condensers and lower-pressure technologies have been developed for full recirculation. With full recirculation, a higher NH3/CO2 molar ratio can be used, thus increasing urea formation efficiency. This eliminates the need to consider system pressure. By establishing systems to remove ammonia and carbon dioxide residues from aqueous solutions, significant advances have been made in synthesis technology and economics. The solution obtained after urea synthesis contains approximately 75% urea. In later stages, this solution can be processed into solid-state urea or a fluid fertilizer. It can be converted. Solid urea (prilled or granulated) contains 46% nitrogen. On the other hand, a small amount of biuret (NH2-CO-NH2-NH2-NH2) may be present in liquid fertilizer along with urea. The presence of biuret makes the use of liquid fertilizer as a foliar fertilizer on some plants, such as citrus, risky. Liquid fertilizers containing only 1.5% or less biuret can be used as a spray on crops other than citrus. If a very low biuret fertilizer is desired, then urea obtained in solid form by vacuum crystallization should be used. The biuret content in solid urea obtained by the prilling method is between 1% and 1.6%. Solid urea produced by the prilling method can be supplemented with certain coatings and additives to provide physical durability, resistance to moisture and temperature, and to prevent cake formation. Phosphate Fertilizers: Ammonium Phosphate Production: These are chemicals prepared as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). These substances are used in the fertilizer industry, as well as in fire extinguishers and animal feed production. DAP is the most widely used of phosphate fertilizers. Pure monoammonium phosphate contains 12.2% nitrogen and 61.7% P2O5; diammonium phosphate may contain impurities such as aluminum, fluorine, and magnesium. Fertilizer value is also determined by considering the amounts of these impurities. Ammonium phosphate fertilizers can be marketed as solid or liquid. They are obtained by treating anhydrous ammonia with phosphoric acid. For liquid fertilizer, the ammonium phosphate liquid obtained after the reaction is dissolved in ammonia water. Solids are obtained by granulating the ammonium phosphates at the reactor outlet in rotating drums. In the TVA process, % The first step is to obtain an acid mixture consisting of 93-98 sulfuric acid and the remainder phosphoric acid. In the second step, these acids are mixed with liquid or gaseous anhydrous ammonia in a reactor (pipe reactor or tank reactor). Therefore, ammonia is present in the reactor outlet gases. These gases are admitted to the scrubber to recover ammonia. The scrubbing liquid is combined with the liquid outlets of the dusty material cyclones and returned to the acid mixing tanks at the top. The reaction liquid, admitted to the ammoniation/granulation drum, is mixed with ammonia and granulated. Some of the granules formed later are recycled to this drum to accelerate granule formation. At the exit, the mixture of granules and liquid ammonia enters the dryer, where moisture is removed and then cooled. The reactor and ammoniation/granulation drum outlet gases contain significant amounts of ammonia. These gases are combined and sent to a scrubber. After sufficient washing, they are released into the atmosphere. After granulation, the exhaust gases from the dryer and cooler drums contain powdered material. These are first separated from the dust in cyclone separators. They are then washed in wet-cleaning systems to recover ammonia. The powdered material retained in the cyclone is ground and combined with the oversize granules from the product sieves before being fed back to the reactor and ammonification/granulation drum. Granule sieves have two layers; the upper coarse sieve collects material in the desired particle size range, while the lower sieve collects material. Only very fine powders can pass to the bottom. The resulting dry ammonium phosphate products are shipped to the market either in bulk or in bags. Superphosphate Fertilizer Production: Phosphorus fertilizers obtained by dissolving ground phosphate minerals (phosphate rock) by adding acid are generally called superphosphates. Depending on the type of material and the amount of nutrients it contains, it is classified in the market as simple/single, mono-, and triple superphosphate. Normal or Single Superphosphate (SSP) Production: Single superphosphate (SSP) is obtained from phosphate rock through a complex, multi-step process. In the first stage, the phosphate-bearing natural material is ground to a particle size of less than 0.16 mm and then reacted with sulfuric acid at a dilute concentration of more than 68%. The mineral phosphate rock used is suitable for the reaction at temperatures between 30-40°C. Therefore, the reactor/mixer is cooled. After acid is added to the phosphate-bearing mineral material in the reactor, mechanical mixing is performed. The mixture is fed into the reaction chamber via continuous systems. Once solidified, it must be removed from the chamber and held in a building at 35-40°C for 2-3 weeks to cure. This is a maturation process, and the bulk solid material becomes superphosphate fertilizer. At the end of this period, the conversion of the phosphate mineral components is complete, resulting in a maximum P2O5. The next step is the granulation of the superphosphate. The product must meet the appropriate physical conditions for storage and consumption. This is achieved during the granulation phase. While there are several methods for granulation, the most commonly used is the rotary drum granulator. In these, the solid but coarse superphosphate is moistened by a small amount of water and crushed as it moves through the rotating drum. When it reaches the desired particle size, it leaves the drum. After a final drying step, it is screened, bagged, and marketed. The phosphorus content of this fertilizer varies depending on the raw material, but is around 16-20%. Triple Superphosphate (TSP) Production: Triple superphosphate, sometimes referred to as double or treble, is a higher-phosphorus fertilizer obtained by grinding phosphate minerals and adding concentrated phosphoric acid. In triple superphosphate production, powdered minerals react with phosphoric acid at a concentration of approximately 50%. This reaction takes place in a conical mixer/reactor. The mixture, which begins to solidify, is transferred to a slow-moving belt conveyor and sent to the curing building. Curing of the bulk material takes 3-5 weeks. At the end of this period, the mature and completely solidified material is removed by appropriate machinery, crushed, sieved, and shipped to market. TSP can be used alone or in a mixture with nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium compounds (NPK), if necessary. The P2O5 content of this product is around 47%. This content can even be as high as 40-49%, depending on the raw materials. If sulfuric acid is used as the acid, limestone is added to the fertilizer. Such plants operate with phosphoric acid in a more dilute form (less than 40%). This ensures that the reaction products remain fluid, not solid. At least the material is not solid in the mixer and can be thoroughly mixed in the reactor for 15-60 minutes. This method allows for the establishment of a plant capable of continuous operation. Thus, the liquid material continuously withdrawn from the mixer/reactor encounters and covers the dried fertilizer returned from the granulator. During this time, the particles coarsen. Granulators are rotating drums. They contain cutters to cut the solidified material and pipes to distribute the liquid inlets. As the material flows from top to bottom, it rotates to form granules. When it reaches a certain grain size, it is removed from the drum, cooled, sifted on vibrating screens, and left to mature in open heaps for 4-5 days. It is then re-granulated, bagged according to grain size, and shipped to market. The resulting dry ammonium phosphate products are shipped to the market either in bulk or in bags. Compound Fertilizer (NPK) Production Facilities: These fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and others. While sometimes blended from finished products, their economics make it more attractive to prepare these nutrients together in suitable chemical forms from the outset and market them as a mixture. NPK is a fertilizer containing appropriate combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in specific proportions. It consists of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O). The total amount of these three is approximately 40-50%. It can also contain magnesium, boron, sulfur, and other nutrients upon request. NPK can be produced using highly complex methods beyond simple mixing, using various routes and different raw materials. These methods are primarily categorized into two groups: o Production via nitric acid or nitrophosphate; o Production starting with sulfuric acid or mixed acids. These two methods involve not only reactions or raw materials but also entirely dissimilar technologies. Consequently, initial investments, economics, energy consumption, emission values, waste, and so on, differ in almost every aspect. This, in turn, impacts the integration of NPK production with other production facilities. - Production of Compound Fertilizer (NPK) by Nitrophosphate: The most important issue when producing by this method is to convert the phosphate additive into a phosphorus type that the plant can use. For this purpose, phosphorus rock (Ca3F(PO413) is dissolved in nitric acid. Thus, phosphoric acid is produced in solution. In other words, while calcium phosphate is being obtained, this HF, the gaseous product of the side reaction, is present in the emissions along with CO2 and NOX gases, which are natural byproducts of the reactions. The reactor liquid contains more calcium ions than phosphorus forms (P2O5) that plants can use. Therefore, after the reactor liquid is cooled, it is crystallized as calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3}2.4H2O) and removed by filtration. The remaining liquid is a mixture of phosphoric acid and nitric acid. This mixture is known as nitrophosphoric acid. In the next step, nitrophosphoric acid is neutralized with ammonia, then potassium, magnesium, sulfates, and micronutrients, etc., are added as desired. The mixture is then It is converted into solid fertilizer by being sent to towers or rotary granulating drums or fluidized bed dryers for prilling. On the other hand, ammonium nitrate is obtained when retrahydrated calcium nitrate crystals (Ca(NO3l2.4H20l) are dissolved in ammonium nitrate solution and treated with ammonium carbonate. After separation by filtration, ammonium carbonate remains in the environment. When this dilute aqueous solution is evaporated, it is first concentrated. It can also be used in this form. If desired, the calcium nitrate solution can be converted into solid calcium nitrate fertilizer after being neutralized and evaporated. Although the process outlined above varies according to the phosphate rock composition and the reaction environment temperatures, approximately 2.2 tons of calcium carbonate and 3.6 tons of calcium nitrate per ton of Pzossin can be obtained in this way. Fertilizer is solidified by prilling or granulating. The granulating units used for NPK are rotating drums, pugmills, or spherodisers. For prilling, the vaporized nitrophosphate solution is mixed with the desired nutrient salts and recycled products after neutralization. It is transferred to rotating prill buckets and discharged from the top of the tower as a spray. As it moves downward, it slows down against the airflow (draft air) from below and descends to the ground when it reaches the desired particle size. Prilled products accumulating on the ground are removed and sieved, and the portion with unsuitable particle size is returned to production. NPK products that meet the desired particle size are then offered for sale after conditioning. - NPK Production by Mixed Acid: NPK production and the resulting emissions are described in this section using a mixed acid solution from phosphate rock. The point here is that, except for the main dissolution and the use of raw materials, the solid fertilizer processes are the same (drum or pugmill type granulators, dispersion machines, prilling processes, etc.). 50 fertilizer production processes can be defined according to the technical features described below: - Systems with granulators and pipe reactors - Systems with drum granulators and ammonification - Systems where phosphate rock dissolution is carried out with mixed acid. In the pipe reactor, the dissolution process is carried out with a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in 1-2 pipe reactors, followed by neutralization with ammonia. The steps from product formation onward are similar to the previous nitrophosphate process. - Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer Production: Calcium nitrate crystals obtained from the nitrophosphate process can be converted into solid fertilizer by prilling or solidifying in special granulators. This process is called CNTH (calcium nitrate). It is an alternative method for CAN production that can be combined with the tetrahydrate cycle. Ventilation gases from the granulator and air exhausts from dry fertilizer processes are collected and washed with water. These gases, along with liquids from similar wet-operated units and collected washing units, are passed through lamella (plate) separators. The gases are then released into the air. Condensate from the lamella separator contains calcium nitrate and can be combined with scattered/spilled liquids collected from further dry processes and returned to the neutralizer. If solid fertilizer is being bagged, dust may be released from the bagging machine's filling nozzle screens. As much as 40,000 Nm3/h of air can be sucked from such processes, which are prone to dust generation, and after being cleaned, it can be released into the atmosphere. The particulate matter concentration that can be measured in such a filtered emission stream stack is 30 mg/Nm3. (Source: Sectoral Application Guidelines series prepared within the scope of "Project on Facilitating the Determination and Reduction of Air Pollution Originating from Industry" prepared for the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of the Republic of Turkey and supported by the Ministry of Development of the Republic of Turkey) Numerous studies have been conducted in this field in our country and around the world; most of the studies and patents obtained are related to the production of fertilizer by various methods, either from chicken litter or by partial mixing with ashes of biomass power plants burning chicken litter. The processes subject to the invention, unlike the process steps included in these studies or patents, are designed as units using different methods and process steps of waste (chicken litter) and waste of waste (biomass power plant ash) together and/or separately. and related products. After the general information given above about fertilizers, in this section, excerpts from the Master's Thesis "Development of Organomineral Fertilizer from Biomass Power Plant Ashes and Organic Wastes" prepared by Research Assistant Hasan ÖZER (Sakarya University, Institute of Science, May 2017) are presented as a summary. Chicken manure is an important source for agricultural production due to its high content of plant nutrients. However, due to problems such as the high decomposition rate of raw chicken manure, odor and vector attraction problems, its beneficial use is quite limited. Currently, chicken manure is dumped in forests, on fields and roadsides, and this threatens the natural environment and human health, especially water resources. In addition, power plants using biomass as fuel are rapidly spreading, creating a large amount of hot biomass ash that needs to be disposed of. However, biomass ash is also quite rich in plant nutrients. In this study, mixtures of chicken manure (broiler) and biomass ash at different ratios were prepared and the contribution of hot biomass ash to enriching the mineral content of chicken manure, reducing moisture content, and eliminating pathogens was investigated. For this purpose, the effects of the chicken process were examined. The results obtained showed that the addition of 50% biomass ash at 250°C reduced the nutrient content of raw chicken manure from 25.23% to 9.82%, but the ideal mixing temperature was 150°C because high temperatures increased nitrogen loss. However, the addition of biomass ash significantly increased the plant nutrient content of the mixtures. The highest In applications using 50% biomass ash and with the application of macro elements Ca (19.34%) and K (4.03%) and micro elements biomass ash, a high level of pathogenic microorganism removal was achieved in chicken manure. From the results obtained within the scope of the study, it was concluded that the moisture content of chicken manure can be reduced with the addition of hot biomass ash, thus eliminating odor and pathogens, the plant nutrient content of chicken manure can be significantly increased, and chicken manure and biomass ash, which cause serious environmental and health problems as waste, can be turned into a valuable and high value-added product for agricultural production. One of the important sources that can be used in organomineral fertilizer production is chicken manure due to its high nitrogen (N) content. However, one-third of the total nitrogen contained in chicken manure is ammonium (NH4-N). Ammonium in fertilizers is converted to ammonia (NH3), a volatile form, depending on factors such as aeration, moisture content, and temperature. This reduces the fertilizer's nitrogen content, leading to a decrease in plant nutrient value. Furthermore, the nitrogen released from raw fertilizer applied directly to agricultural fields poses a threat to the natural environment, particularly surface and groundwater resources, due to the pollution it causes. To preserve nitrogen in the fertilizer, poultry waste must be dried quickly to prevent microbial nitrogen conversion. Another benefit of drying is the reduction of pathogens and antibiotic residues in chicken manure. In current practices, drying processes can be divided into two groups: rapid drying using primary energy sources and slow drying using solar systems. However, the high temperature (250°C) in the fast drying process and the long drying time in the slow drying process limit the primary goal of nitrogen conservation. Furthermore, power plants operating by burning plant-based raw materials are rapidly increasing in number. This energy production process generates significant amounts of waste heat and hot ash (biomass ash), rich in plant nutrients. This ash, which must be cooled, is a valuable resource for the rapid drying of poultry waste and the enrichment of its mineral content. In this study, conducted to evaluate these resources, mixtures of chicken manure and biomass ash at various ratios were prepared to investigate their usability as organomineral fertilizers, the determination of the optimal mixing temperature for biomass ash to minimize nitrogen loss, and its contribution to enriching the mineral content of fertilizers. The general objectives aimed at achieving these objectives are listed below. 1. Providing an economical, ecological and sustainable disposal option for chicken manure and biomass ash, which currently have no beneficial use and pose risks to the natural environment and human health due to their quantity. 2. Contributing to the reduction of agricultural production costs by creating an easy-to-apply and low-cost alternative to the need for fertilizer, which is one of the most important cost items of agricultural production. 3. Developing alternatives to chemical fertilizers, reducing their use and limiting their polluting effects, especially on water resources. 4. Protecting the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils by ensuring the return of macro and micro plant nutrients, especially organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, to the soil. Fertilizers are materials applied to the soil to ensure continued productivity by restoring elements such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc, which are removed from the soil along with crops or eroded by irrigation and rainfall. There are many types of fertilizers used with the primary purpose of maintaining a suitable soil composition for plant growth, and these types have different application methods. However, fertilizers can be categorized into two main groups: natural fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Natural fertilizers: The natural fertilizer group consists primarily of animal manures and various plant wastes. The key to consider when using these fertilizers is to use fertilizers that have reached a sufficiently mature level. Natural fertilizers not only enrich the soil with plant nutrients, but also make significant contributions to the physical properties of the soil with the high levels of organic matter they contain. The main types of natural fertilizers used in agricultural practices are listed below. 1. Animal-Based Farm Fertilizers a) Cattle Manure b) Small Animal Manure e) Poultry Manure 2. Plant-Based Fertilizers a) Green Fertilizers b) Post-harvest plant residues c) Shells, slag, and marc obtained during plant processing 3. Urban and Industrial Waste-Based Fertilizers a] Composts b) Treatment Sludge 0) Food and forestry industry wastes Animal-based farm fertilizers: The most commonly used natural fertilizers are cattle, small cattle, and poultry manure. Particularly on small family farms in rural areas where crop production and livestock production are carried out together, fertilizer needs are met by the feces and urine of large cattle such as cows, cattle, and horses, or small cattle such as sheep and goats. Barn (Farm) Manure: Animal manure, removed from the barn during daily barn sweeping, is allowed to sit for a while and stabilize before being used in fields and gardens. The use of animal-based fertilizers improves many soil properties. These effects can be listed as follows: 1. Contributes to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil 2. Increases organic matter content 3. Increases microorganism activity in the soil 4. Facilitates aeration. Increases water holding capacity 6. Increases plant nutrients 7. Regulates pH and salinity Chicken Manure: Chicken manure constitutes a significant portion of animal fertilizers. Because chicken and egg production is conducted in larger facilities than in large and small livestock farming, the resulting fertilizer amount is more concentrated. Furthermore, due to the high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium it contains, chicken manure is one of the animal manures with the highest fertilizer value. Chicken manure can be categorized into two groups: layer poultry manure and broiler manure. Because layer poultry farming is conducted in cages, the resulting manure directly contains chicken droppings and feathers. The moisture content is high. Furthermore, in layer poultry, inorganic substances like marble dust, added to chicken feed to support egg formation and shell structure, are also abundant in chicken droppings. In broiler and broiler farming, the litter placed on the bottom of the coop is mixed with chicken manure. Rice husks and wood shavings are generally used as litter. Unlike egg-laying chickens, manure in fattening chickens is removed in bulk at the end of a fattening period. The fattening period lasts an average of six days. After sixty days, the chickens reach slaughter size and are sent to the slaughterhouse. The coop is cleaned, and the chicken manure is removed. Because fattening chickens account for more of the manure than egg-laying chickens, the vast majority of chicken manure consists of chicken manure mixed with bedding. Due to the use of bedding and the air-conditioning systems in the coops, the moisture content of fattening chicken manure is lower than that of egg-laying chicken manure. Plant-based fertilizers: Plant-based fertilizers can be divided into two categories: green manure and plant residues such as marc/slag that form after harvest or processing. The best examples of green manures are alfalfa and soybeans. These plants are planted after harvest or during the fallow period. Green manures fix free nitrogen in the air, prevent erosion, help control weeds, and enrich the soil with plant nutrients. The slag and marc generated after harvest or processing of crop production are composted and then incorporated into the soil. Although this practice is used for fertilization purposes, the materials used contribute more to improving the physical properties of the soil than its chemical properties. Fertilizers from Municipal and Industrial Waste: Today, organic waste from domestic and industrial sources reaches very high amounts, and their disposal poses a significant problem and financial burden. Domestic organic waste, food industry waste, and domestic wastewater treatment sludge constitute a significant portion of these wastes. However, today's ecological and sustainable disposal approach requires that these wastes be regularly dumped or burned, even if regularly, and that organic wastes must be recycled back into the soil and plant production. Studies conducted within this approach have led to widespread use of organic wastes, either pure or in blended forms, as fertilizers and soil conditioners after composting. Similar to plant-based fertilizers, these materials are often referred to as fertilizers, but their fertilizer value is generally limited. However, when applied to the soil, they contribute significantly to soil physical properties. Chemical Fertilizers: Chemical fertilizers are produced through various industrial processes and are generally named according to the amount and type of plant nutrients they contain. There are many chemical fertilizers in solid or liquid forms, ranging from simple fertilizers consisting of a single element to compound fertilizers containing more than one element, developed for different plant crop types and different soil types. However, the basic chemical fertilizer types, which can be categorized according to their plant nutrient content, can be classified as nitrogenous fertilizers (ammonium sulfate fertilizers), ammonium nitrate fertilizers, urea, phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and composite fertilizers. Chemical fertilizer use worldwide and in Turkey3: The use of animal manure for plant cultivation dates back to the first agricultural practices. However, the basis of this use is based on observations rather than scientific studies. In contrast, chemical fertilizers began to be used in the 19th century, based on the fundamental principle of meeting plant nutritional needs. The use of chemical fertilizers, which began with fundamental processes such as producing ammonia from coal gas and providing elements such as potassium, silicon, and magnesium from wood ash, has gained significant momentum as a result of increasing fertilizer chemistry research worldwide. After World War II, chemical fertilizer production accelerated, reaching a significant global production, sales, and use. Today, chemical fertilizers are produced in varying quantities by many countries and marketed globally. However, the majority of chemical fertilizer production is carried out by China, the United States, India, Canada, and Russia. These countries also have the highest agricultural production volumes, making them the most significant users of chemical fertilizers worldwide. Fertilizer use per hectare is 105.7 kg globally, while the European Union average is 138.1 kg. Fertilizer consumption in Turkey (168.2 kg) and France (133.3 kg) is above the global and European Union averages, while fertilizer consumption remains below the global and European Union averages. In Turkey, the production and use of chemical fertilizers emerged later than in other countries. Fertilizer production began in the 1950s in state-established factories. Production accelerated with factories belonging to private enterprises established later. Despite this, there has been a steadily increasing rate in both chemical fertilizer production and use since the beginning. Although fertilizer production has increased in recent years due to investments in the fertilizer industry, significant amounts of fertilizer are imported from various countries to meet current consumption. When examining the regional distribution of fertilizer use in Turkey, it can be seen that fertilizer use is concentrated in Central Anatolia, western Anatolia, and the Central Black Sea region. Among the provinces that have seen significant increases in agriculture with the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), fertilizer use in Mardin (192.7 kg/ha), Şanlıurfa (148 kg/ha), and Diyarbakır (145.5 kg/ha) is above the world average. They are notable for their use of 2,000 tons of fertilizer on important agricultural lands. Similarly, Izmir, where agricultural activity is intense, uses fertilizer above the Turkish average. In Thrace, Tekirdağ (70,920 tons) and Edirne (66,556 tons) are the provinces with intensive fertilizer use. Organomineral Fertilizers: Because animal- and plant-based fertilizers fail to meet their potential to provide sufficient plant nutrients, and because chemical fertilizers only increase the soil's nutrient content, efforts to improve soil properties as a whole have accelerated. These studies led to the idea of using organic-based materials and minerals containing plant nutrients together, and the resulting new type of fertilizer is called organomineral fertilizers. Organomineral fertilizers were primarily developed to improve the soil's physical, chemical, and chemical-biological properties, providing and preserving optimal conditions for plant production. Essentially, these fertilizers provide the macro and microelements plants need, similar to chemical fertilizers. They are resistant to leaching by rain and irrigation water, resulting in a slow release rate. This increases the fertilization's effectiveness and longevity. Currently, research on organomineral fertilizers continues, and many varieties are being produced. The general trend in these studies is to produce organomineral fertilizers from mixtures of domestic and industrial organic waste, natural minerals, and wastes with high mineral content. Numerous studies in the literature have investigated the feasibility of using livestock and small animal manure, chicken manure, and wastewater treatment sludge for this purpose. Biomass ash: Conversion of the chemical energy of solid, liquid, or gaseous fossil fuels into electrical energy has been an important method used for a long time. Thermal power plants are facilities that produce mechanical energy by combusting thermal resources under suitable conditions and utilizing the heat energy generated by these resources, and then electrical energy from this energy. Today, a significant number of power plants utilize resources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum products, biogas, and biomass as fuels. Energy produced using fossil fuels meets a significant portion of the modern world's energy needs. However, the heavy environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption is beginning to have an impact, accelerating the search for alternatives. Currently, the use of renewable and clean energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy has increased and continues to increase. However, the amount of energy produced from these sources is still very small in meeting total energy demand, and the technologies that generate energy from these sources need further development. Therefore, in recent years, existing technology has needed to be used without fossil fuels and with lower emissions. To this end, biomass power plants, which use biomass as fuel and produce fewer emissions than other power plants due to their lower combustion temperature, have begun to be built. In the biomass power plant process, forest pruning and processing products, plant residues resulting from plant production and processing, some animal manures, and energy crops produced for fuel purposes are burned at lower temperatures than coal and petroleum products to produce energy. This combustion process produces ash, which can be categorized as fly ash and slag. While fly ash has limited beneficial uses due to its high content of heavy metals and harmful chemicals, slag has potential for utilization in many areas, the construction and agriculture sectors being among the most prominent of these. Previous Scientific Studies on the Subject: Chicken manure has significant potential for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. However, the antibiotics used in chicken farming and the high nitrogen content of chicken manure are the main factors limiting this use. Despite the high nitrogen content of chicken manure, storing the manure or applying processes such as drying and composting lead to rapid nitrogen loss. Therefore, the majority of studies in the literature on this subject have focused on identifying and remediating the potential damage to soil and plants caused by the high nitrogen content of chicken manure and on preventing rapid nitrogen loss and converting nitrogen into a plant-usable form. Ghaly and Alhattab (2013) investigated the drying of chicken manure and its usability as a plant nutrient. The results of the study revealed that drying temperature, the depth of the spreading manure, and manure pH did not have a significant effect, but ammonia loss during the drying process lowered pH from 8.4 to 6.4-6.7. In addition, temperatures above 60°C reduced aggressiveness by 653% and 69.3%, respectively. A significant reduction in poultry manure (99.97%) was achieved. The results showed that dried poultry manure can be used as a fertilizer source for plants due to its high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents necessary for plant growth. Dias et al. (2009) composted chicken manure by mixing it separately with biochar obtained by the slow pyrolysis of eucalyptus biomass, coffee husks, and wood sawdust. They investigated the organic matter and nitrogen retention of chicken manure after this composting process. The study concluded that composts prepared with biochar had organic matter decomposition of 70% of their initial content, and that biochar addition reduced nitrogen loss. However, they reported that the best results in reducing nitrogen loss were obtained with the application of wood shavings. Ogunwande et al. (2008) investigated the changes in the nitrogen/carbon ratio and total nitrogen loss of chicken manure during composting to produce good quality compost. They determined the physical and chemical properties of the waste before and after composting. During the composting process, the moisture level in the pile was periodically increased to 5% and the temperature, pH, and total nitrogen content of the chicken manure were periodically monitored. In addition, dry matter, total carbon, total phosphorus, and total potassium were examined at the end of the composting period. The results showed that the C/N ratio changed significantly depending on the changes in total nitrogen and total carbon during the composting period. However, it was determined that the greatest nitrogen loss occurred in the first 28 days and the highest value of the C/N ratio was 25/1. Tiquia and Tam (2000) composted chicken manure to monitor nitrogen changes and nitrogen losses during composting and investigated the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of the chicken manure during the composting process. Cumulative losses and mass balances of nitrogen and organic matter were monitored to determine the actual losses during composting. The ammonium nitrogen concentration of chicken manure decreased significantly during the first 35 days of composting. However, it was determined that the rapid decrease in NH4 + -N during composting was not consistent with the rapid increase in [NO3 + NO2] -N concentration. This suggested that the main reasons for nitrogen loss during the composting process were air temperatures and high pH values (above 7). Organic matter and total organic carbon mass increased in direct proportion to the composting time. However, composting resulted in a significant mass loss in the initially used chicken manure. Moore (2016) proposed the development of a new fertilizer regimen to reduce ammonia volatilization and phosphorus flux in poultry manure. The study argued that aluminum sulfate application, which reduces phosphorus flux and ammonia emissions, was the best method for processing poultry manure. However, due to the high cost of this application, the possibility of using alum sludge, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, and a mixture of liquid alum and water as alternatives was investigated. The results showed that the addition of dry and liquid alum reduced NH3 losses in poultry waste by 86% and 75%, respectively. However, among the trials, the application that minimized NH3 and P losses was the most effective. The changes were made in the application of alum sludge, bauxite, and sulfuric acid as a mixture. Kirchmann and Witter (1988) investigated the volatilization of ammonia, nitrogen fixation, carbon separation, and volatile fatty acid formation in a laboratory incubation experiment by adding fresh poultry manure and straw to the manure. In the study, nitrogen fertilizer was volatilized as ammonia. In the aerobic fertilizer, an alkaline environment was maintained, and nitrogen evaporated from 9% to 44% as ammonia. This evaporation pattern was described as a parallel and predominant model. During aerobic decomposition, the increase in straw reduced ammonia volatilization. Straw caused the mobility of nitrogen in anaerobic environments. In manure, nitrogen is mostly found in organic forms, while in anaerobic fertilizer, approximately two-thirds of the nitrogen was found in the ammonium form. The C/N ratios in the organic components of anaerobic fertilizer were higher than those of aerobic fertilizer. Mazeika et al. (2016) developed a pilot-scale process for the production of granulated organic and organomineral fertilizers (OGF and OMF) from chicken manure. They also investigated the effects of moisture content in manure and attempted to determine the energy consumption in the three main stages of the production process and the possibility of obtaining nutritionally balanced fertilizers using conventional straw drying and granulation equipment common on farms. In the study, poultry manure was first dried and crushed. Mineral additives such as diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium chloride (KCl) were added. This process was carried out using a 4-3-3 The energy consumption for producing fertilizer (with adjustable NPK content, in addition to OGF) was approximately 100 kWh/t. DAP increased the concentration of water-soluble phosphate. In addition, the combination of hygroscopic KCl with DAP caused significant moisture absorption and loss of structural integrity of the granulated pellets after 72 hours at 30°C and 80% relative humidity. Obernberger et al. (1997) conducted combustion experiments with different biomass in various biomass combustion plants. In these experiments, they conducted at least two days of observation and took various samples with wood sawdust, bark, straw, and grains. As a result of their observations, they determined that Cd and Zn7 in particular decreased. In their research, they concluded that straw and grain ashes contain significantly lower levels of heavy metals than woody biomass. The same applies to 5, Na, and K. Determination of the Amount and Current Status of Chicken Manure: The amount and characterization of organic waste generated from chicken coops vary depending on the type of chicken raised, the raising period, the amount and properties of the feed used, the type of litter selected, and the amount of litter. There is no definitive formula given in the literature for calculating the amount of chicken manure. However, studies in the literature generally attempt to calculate the amount of chicken manure by multiplying the number of chickens by the daily amount of feces per chicken. This calculation can be considered a practical calculation method for poultry houses where no litter is used, such as egg chickens. However, the amount of litter used in broiler houses should also be taken into account in the calculations. The amount of chicken droppings was calculated as tons per year by multiplying the daily live weight by 365 days and making the necessary unit conversions, as given in many literature. Since the chickens are brought into the coop as adults in egg-laying poultry farming, a daily value of 0.15 kg was used when calculating the amount of manure. To determine the amount of litter used, the coop area and the number of chickens were determined, and it was found that an average of 15 chickens per 1 m² was achieved. In addition, the amount of litter laid during a rearing period was divided by the coop area to determine the amount of litter laid per 1 m². According to the results obtained, the amount of litter used for 15 chickens was determined as 2.5 kg, the amount of fertilizer per 1 m² was determined as 21.63 kg, and the annual amount of fertilizer per chicken was determined as 1.43 kg. (Source: Hasan ÖZER, Development of Organomineral Fertilizer from Biomass Power Plant Ashes and Organic Wastes, Master's Thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Science, May 2017). Purpose of the Invention: The purpose of this invention is to obtain high quality fertilizer suitable for use in agriculture (gardens, greenhouses and fields) from waste material (chicken litter and ash formed as a result of combustion of chicken litter in biomass power plant) at below market prices. It is also important in terms of foreign dependency in the fertilizer sector and the contribution of production facilities with the ability and capacity to produce fertilizers in different compositions to the country's economy. Below, the methods of fertilizer production in different compositions with different processes and production steps are explained: 1. MATERIAL: - Chicken litter: The droppings of poultry fed with broiler, layer and chick feeds operating in the poultry sector, which accumulate and multiply over time on the sawdust etc. laid in the factory. It is an organic material that is regularly collected and discarded and varies in mineral structure, pathogenic and contains a strong odor. Due to the potash content of the feed used for the metabolism and development of chickens, such as molasses, and the necessary P, Ca and Mg requirements for egg production, the output products contain higher amounts of P, K, Mg and Ca compared to other organic fertilizers. Table 1. Approximate analysis of chicken litter NAME M ETOD Humidity % 25-40 Weight loss at 105 OC Organic Matter % (dry basis) 55-65 Burnt loss at 550 OC Ash % (dry basis) 45-55 Total Nitrogen (dry basis) 1-3.5 Kheldal Ammonium and organic form Total Humic + Fulvic 5-12 TSE 5819 Acids Pathogenic structure Toxic Definitely as organic matter If it is to be used; at least 2 hours of hygiene at 70 ° C or pH correction should be made with lactic acid bacteria inoculator or organic acids such as acetic, citric, acetic. This problem can also be solved by composting. - Ash: It is the biomass power plant ash that comes out after the complete combustion of chicken litter in biomass-fired thermal power plants. The average values of the chemical analysis of ash made with XRF in 4 different laboratories are given in Table 2 (The change in this chemical structure was observed in the analyses made with ICP-OES on nearly 100 samples). Table 2. Chemical analysis of power plant ash (% ) AVERAGE % AI2O3 1.79 Ignition loss 7.785 CI 5.24 02O3 0.009 Fe2O3 1.46 K20 12-18 P205 12-18 503 13.33 varies. In addition, the bulk density of the ash at the power plant output is in the range of 650-800 kg/m3, its colors vary from light brown to white, and its particle size varies from nano-sized to 100 microns. Properties; - 90-100% of the +1 valent cations (K, Na) are in water-soluble form. - While a portion of P205 in the form of MgPO4 (1.5-5% of the whole material) is in water-soluble form, the other portion of P 205 is in water-insoluble form. - The pH (1/10) value of the product is in the range of 53-11. - The product is within the limits accepted as heavy metals. Products Obtained within the Scope of the Invention and Methods 1 - Chicken Manure Production Method: Directly or by Mixing the Litter with Power Plant Ash (optional). Due to its unhygienic and toxic structure, chicken litter cannot be used directly as an organic fertilizer or fertilizer raw material. However, it can produce a strong ammonia odor and compost over time, taking a very long time. The methods given below explain the composting of chicken litter and its preparation for use as fertilizer: 1.1. Composting of Chicken Litter by Injection of Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Method of Obtaining Fertilizer. In this method, lactic acid bacteria (bacterial ratio 107-8) are added to the chicken litter pile laid on an impermeable surface by injection. As a result of this process, the temperature rises to 40-60°C within 1-2 days, shortening the composting period. When the temperature of the compost pile drops from 60°C to 8°C, the reaction It is completed. Then, after stages such as drying, grinding, granulating, bagging, etc., a saleable product is obtained as is or by mixing with power plant ash (optional) (Figure 1). Lactic acid bacteria injection 40-60°C Waiting (1-2 days) Chicken litter pile (1) Compost pile (2) Drying System (3] Grinding (4) Granulation drum (5) Bagging (Gi Figure 1. Flow diagram of the method of composting and obtaining fertilizer by lactic acid bacteria injection 1.2. Composting of Chicken Litter with Sulfuric Acid and Obtaining Organic Fertilizer In this method, sulfuric acid is added to the chicken litter taken into a rotary mixer to maintain a pH between 4-6 and this process is continued until the mixture becomes stable (The addition of sulfuric acid decarbonizes the organic matter, creating smaller particles). The mixture, which remains at this pH level for at least 2 hours, is transferred to a drying system stabilized at 70°C and drying begins. The purpose of the drying process at 70°C is to ensure optimum granulation conditions rather than hygienic conditions. The dried material is ground to reduce its size. The material, which is brought to a size between 0.05 and 3 mm, is taken to the granulation drum and after stages such as granulation and bagging, a marketable product (organic fertilizer) is obtained as is or by mixing with ash (optional) (Figure 1.2). G H2504 Feed tank (9) Chicken litter pile (1) G Feeding Blmker (7) Spiral conveyor (8) Rotary mixer (10) Drying system (3) Grinding (4) Granulation Drum (5) Bagging (6] Figure 1.2. Flow diagram of the method for composting with sulfuric acid and obtaining organic fertilizer. 2. Method for Using Power Plant Ash as a Direct Potassium Fertilizer Power plant ash is a fertilizer that can be used directly to meet the potassium needs of plants in organic farming practices. Its composition of approximately 12% P2O5 and 12% K2O, as well as 1-5% P2O5 from MgPO4 and nearly 100% K2O, provides significant advantages in water solubility. Power plant ash is available in bulk or after being granulated and bagged, a marketable product with a composition of 0-1-12 (N-P-K) (water-soluble) is obtained (Figure 2). Power plant ash (11) Bagging (6) Granulation drum (5) Figure 2. Flow chart for the direct use of power plant ash as a potash fertilizer. 3. Method for obtaining inorganic fertilizers with different P-K compositions from power plant ash. 50-110% of the power plant ash can be marketed as a P-Clay inorganic fertilizer. 98% HzSO4 addition is also considered insufficient depending on the material balance. This product can be produced with the desired material balance according to the flow chart given in Figure 3 and is also a suitable fertilizer for landscape areas. Feeding tanks (9 H 1 3 ) O (9› (13) Rotary mixer (1 0) Drying system (3) Power plant ash (11) Feeding hopper (7) Belt conveyor (12) Grinding (4) Granulation drum (SJ Bagging (6) Figure 3. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining inorganic fertilizers with different P-K compositions from power plant ash30 4. Method for Obtaining N-P-K Composite Fertilizer from Power Plant Ash It is possible to produce fertilizer with an N+P2O5+K2O content of around 20% by feeding the power plant ash with the required amount of 85.1% H3PO4 in addition to 98.1% HzSO4 depending on the material balance and by adding one or more nitrogen-containing fertilizer raw materials. Figure 4 shows the flow diagram of the production method. UREA, CAN DAP, etc. (in powder form) (14) Feed tanks O (7) (12)(14) Rotary mixer (10] Power plant ash (1 1 } Feeding hopper (7) Belt conveyor (12) Drying system (3) 2., (8142)# Grinding (4] Granulation drum (5] Bagging (4) Figure 4. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining compound fertilizers with different N-P-K, 11 compositions from power plant ash. Method for Obtaining N-P-K Organomineral Fertilizer from Power Plant Ash and Chicken Litter. It is possible to produce cheap N-P-K fertilizer by feeding 98% H2504 to power plant ash along with 85% H3PO4 according to the material balance and also adding chicken litter and one or more fertilizer raw materials for nitrogen requirement. Figure The flow diagram of the production method at 5 ° is shown. Drying time is 2 hours at 70 0C in a closed system on a wide belt conveyor. UREA, CAN DAP etc. (in powder form) (14): feed tanks (7 ) ( 1 2 ) ( 14) Power plant ash (1 1) Chicken litter pile (1) Rotary mixer (10) Feeding bunker (7) Belt conveyor (12) Drying system (3) Grinding (4) Granulation drum (5) Bagging (4) Figure 5. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining organom I neural fertilizer in different N-P-K711 compounds than that received from power plant ash and chicken. Index of Figures: Figure 1.1. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining composting and fertilizer by lactic acid bacteria injection, Figure 1.2. Flow diagram of the method for composting with sulfuric acid and obtaining organic fertilizer, Figure 2. Flow diagram of the method for using power plant ash directly as potash fertilizer, Figure 3. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining inorganic fertilizer with different P-K compositions from power plant ash, Figure 4. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining N-P-K compound fertilizer from power plant ash. Figure 5. Flow diagram of the method for obtaining N-P-K organomineral fertilizer from power plant ash and chicken litter. Explanation of References in Figures: 1 - Chicken litter pile 2 - Compost pile 3 - Drying system 4 - Grinding - Granulation drum 6 - Bagging 7 - Feeding hopper 8 - Spiral conveyor 9 - HzSO4 feeding tank - Rotary mixer 11 - Power plant ash 12 - Belt 13 - H3PO4 feed tank 14 - UREA, CAN, DAP, etc. feed tanks Description of the Invention: 1.1. Composting of chicken litter by lactic acid bacteria injection and fertilizer production method Chicken litter pile (1) (for example, 10 tons) is laid on an impermeable surface. 1 liter of lactic acid bacteria diluted with 50 liters of water (bacteria ratio of at least 10") is injected by dripping, spreading evenly throughout the pile. The temperature of the pile is measured for a waiting period of at least 2 days. After the temperature reaches 60°C, the reaction is considered to have reached its peak, and when it drops to approximately 30°C, the reaction is considered to have ended. Then, the compost pile (2) is taken to the drying system (3) and dried. The dried material The ground material is ground to a suitable size for granulation processes (4). The ground material is fed to the inlet section of the granulation drum (5). Binding agent is added by spraying it from the upper section of the feeding section to granulate the mixture. The amount of binder is adjusted to a maximum of 5%, taking into account the feeding speed and moisture of the material to be fed. The granulation drum (5) consists of two counter-rotating drums. Each drum has semicircular gaps on the top, half of which are on opposite sides and meet exactly during rotation. Adjustments are made before use to ensure that the circles on the drums meet each other exactly. If desired, different drums can be used to produce granules of different shapes (e.g. cylindrical). The binder is fed from the top to the system where the left drum turns to the right and the right drum turns to the left. The added mixture is taken from the bottom outlet in granular form, bagged (6) and stored for sale. 1.2. Composting of chicken litter with sulfuric acid and method of obtaining organic fertilizer The chicken litter pile (1) is poured into the feed section of the spiral conveyor (8) through the feed hopper (7). Sulfuric acid is added to the chicken litter (1) taken to the rotary mixer (10) from the HzSO4 feed tank (7) so that the pH is between 4 and 6 and this process is continued until the mixture becomes stable. The material is mixed homogeneously during rotation with the blades in the rotary mixer (10). The mixture, which is determined to remain at this pH level for at least 2 hours by instantaneous pH measurements made every 15 minutes or automatically, is transferred to the drying system (3). The dried material is ground to a suitable size for granulation processes (4). The ground material is fed to the inlet section of the granulation drum (5). Binding agent is added by spraying from the upper section of the feeding section for granulation of the mixture. The amount of binder is adjusted to a maximum of 5%, taking into account the feeding speed and humidity of the material to be fed. The granulation drum (5) consists of two drums rotating against each other. Each drum has semicircular spaces on the other side, half of which are on opposite sides and meet exactly during rotation. Adjustments are made before use to ensure that the circles on the drums meet each other exactly. If desired, different drums can be used to produce granules in different shapes (e.g. cylindrical). The left drum is placed on the right, and the right drum is placed on the left. The mixture to which binder is added, fed from the top to the rotating system, is taken from the bottom outlet in the form of granules and bagged (6) and stored for sale. The H2$O4 feeding tank (9) is made of PP, PE or ST37, and the inner surfaces of the rotary mixer-dryer (10) are made of Teflon or Epoxy material resistant to sulfuric acid. 2. Method of using power plant ash directly as potash fertilizer. After the power plant ash (11) is bagged (6), a marketable product with an 0- composition (water-soluble) is obtained. If it is to be granulated; the power plant ash (11) is fed to the feeding section of the granulation drum (5) while the binder material is sprayed for granulation with the device placed in the upper section. The material mixed with the binder entering between the drums from the top is sprayed into the drum. The method is to produce P-K fertilizers with special compositions such as Ü-P-K, K20 and P205 in water-soluble form to be used in vegetable and fruit gardens and landscape areas. The plant ash (11) is fed to the rotary mixer (10) made of acid-resistant material and has mixing blades inside, by means of a belt conveyor (12). The 85" H3PO4 fertilizer to be produced during mixing is fed into the rotary mixer (8) from the H3PO4 feeding tank (13). The mixing process is continued for at least 2 hours to complete the reaction. When the mixing process is completed, the material is transferred to the rotary mixer. (10) is fed to the drying system (3) from the outlet. The material coming out of the drying system (3), which is designed to remain at a temperature of "IÜ-90°C" for at least 2 hours from the entrance to the system, is ground to a suitable size for granulation processes (4). The ground material is fed to the inlet section of the granulation drum (5). Binding agent is added by spraying from the upper part of the feeding section for granulation of the mixture. The amount of binder is adjusted to a maximum of 5%, taking into account the feeding speed and humidity of the material to be fed. The granulation drum (5) consists of two drums rotating against each other. There are semicircular spaces on each drum, half of which are on the opposite side and which meet exactly during rotation. In order for the circles on the drums to meet each other exactly, Adjustments are made before use. If desired, different drums can be used to produce granules of different shapes (e.g. cylindrical). The top-fed binder-added mixture is taken from the bottom outlet in the form of granules, bagged (6), and stored for sale in the form of granules in the system where the left drum turns to the right and the right drum turns to the left. Some special inorganic fertilizer formulations obtained in the studies are given in Table 3. Table 3. Examples of different P-K inorganic fertilizer compositions from power plant ash. In addition, water-soluble forms of Fe3O4, ZnO, CaO, MgO are important, with MgO 3.58%, ZnO 0.56%, and MnO 0.14% coming from the ash can be given. 4. Method for obtaining N-P-K compound fertilizer from power plant ash. The basis of the method is the power plant ash. The process is to produce water-soluble fertilizer with a content of around 20% N+P205+K20 by feeding 98% HzSO4 and 85% H3PO4 to the ash (11) and adding one or more fertilizer raw materials containing nitrogen. The power plant ash (11) is fed to the rotary mixer (10) which is made of acid-resistant material and has mixing blades inside, by a belt conveyor (12). During mixing, finely ground materials containing nitrogen, potash and phosphate in amounts calculated according to the fertilizer composition to be produced are added to the rotary mixer (10) from the feed tanks (14) in the calculated proportions. Similarly, 98% HzSO4 and H2504 in amounts determined according to the composition of the final product are added from the feed tank to complete the reaction and ensure complete mixing of the materials. The mixing process continues for at least 2 hours. When the mixing process is completed, the material is fed to the drying system (3) from the outlet of the rotary mixer (10). The material coming out of the drying system (3), which is designed to remain at a temperature of 70-90°C for at least 2 hours from the entrance to the system, is ground to a suitable size for granulation processes (4). The ground material is fed to the inlet section of the granulation drum (5). Binding agent is added by spraying from the upper part of the feeding section for granulation of the mixture. The amount of binder is adjusted to a maximum of 5%, taking into account the feeding speed and moisture of the material to be fed. The granulation drum (5) consists of two drums rotating against each other. On each drum, half of the drum is on the opposite side and the two drums are rotated one to one during rotation. There are semicircular spaces. Adjustments are made before use to ensure that the circles on the drums fully meet each other. If desired, different drums can be used to produce granules in different shapes (e.g. cylindrical). The binder added to the system, which is fed from the top to the left drum turning to the right and the right drum turning to the left, is taken from the bottom outlet in the form of granules and bagged (6) and stored for sale. Table 4 gives examples of N-P-K compound fertilizer compositions obtained from power plant ash in studies. Table 4. Examples of N-P-IC compound fertilizer compositions obtained from power plant ash. The method of obtaining N-P-K organomineral fertilizer from power plant ash and chicken litter is fed to chickens with one or more fertilizer raw materials containing nitrogen. It is the production of cheap fertilizer in water-soluble form with a content of around 20% N+P205+K20 by adding litter. Power plant ash (11) and chicken litter (l) are fed to the rotary mixer (10) which is made of acid-resistant material and has mixing blades inside, by means of a belt conveyor (12). During mixing, finely ground materials containing nitrogen, potash and phosphate in amounts calculated according to the fertilizer composition to be produced are added to the rotary mixer (10) from the feed tanks (15) such as UREA, CAN, DAP, etc. in the calculated proportions. In the same way, they are fed into the rotary mixer (10) from the tank (13) determined according to the composition of the final product. The mixing process is continued for at least 2 hours to complete the reaction and ensure complete mixing of the materials. When the mixing process is completed, the material is transferred to the rotary mixer. (10) is fed into the drying system (3) through the outlet. The material leaving the drying system (3), designed to remain at a temperature of 70-90°C for at least 2 hours upon entering the system, is ground to a suitable size for granulation processes (4). The ground material is fed into the inlet section of the granulation drum (5). Binding agent is added by spraying it from the top of the feeding section to granulate the mixture. The amount of binder is adjusted to a maximum of 5%, taking into account the feeding speed and moisture content of the material to be fed. The granulation drum (5) consists of two counter-rotating drums. Each drum has semicircular gaps on each side, half of which are on opposite sides and meet exactly during rotation. The use of the circles on the drums ensures that they fully meet each other. Adjustments are made beforehand. If desired, different drums can be used to produce granules in different shapes (e.g. cylindrical). The binder-added mixture fed from the top to the system, where the left drum turns to the right and the right drum turns to the left, is taken from the bottom exit in granular form and bagged (6) and stored for sale. Table 57 shows examples of N-P-K* organomineral fertilizer compositions obtained in studies, different from power plant ash and chicken litter. Table 5. Examples of N-P-K911 organomineral fertilizer compositions obtained from power plant ash and chicken litter. Industrial Application of the Invention: The invention is a method for combining organic matter (chicken litter) from the bottom of poultry houses in chicken factories and waste ashes from the combustion of this organic matter in biomass energy plants, either together or separately. In addition, it covers the production of water-soluble P-K and N-P-K compound-organomineral fertilizers in the organic-inorganic fertilizer sector, a fertilizer production method designed for continuous operation, process steps, sequence, and product properties. The advantages and areas of use are given below: - Organic waste (chicken litter) can be used as fertilizer. - Inorganic waste (power plant ash) can be used as fertilizer both alone and together with chicken litter. - These wastes (chicken litter), which cause environmental problems due to their unpleasant odor and storage and disposal problems, have been used in a strategic area such as fertilizer. - The products obtained have the same composition as or higher quality than currently sold commercial products and can be produced at a lower cost compared to market conditions. - In the entire agricultural sector, vegetable and fruit gardens, greenhouses, and landscaping. - The P-K content of the produced fertilizers is completely water-soluble. - The most important advantage of the designed production methods and process steps is the ability to produce fertilizers with different compositions for different uses and needs. - The unit design of the facility minimizes time losses during the production of different products. - There is no need for foreign resources, materials, machinery and knowledge for the facility.