[go: up one dir, main page]

TR201815516T4 - Chlorine or sodium chlorate preparation process. - Google Patents

Chlorine or sodium chlorate preparation process. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TR201815516T4
TR201815516T4 TR2018/15516T TR201815516T TR201815516T4 TR 201815516 T4 TR201815516 T4 TR 201815516T4 TR 2018/15516 T TR2018/15516 T TR 2018/15516T TR 201815516 T TR201815516 T TR 201815516T TR 201815516 T4 TR201815516 T4 TR 201815516T4
Authority
TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
membrane
chlorine
solution
ppm
sodium chloride
Prior art date
Application number
TR2018/15516T
Other languages
Turkish (tr)
Inventor
Bargeman Gerrald
Lodewijk Maria Demmer René
Ten Kate Antoon
Kuzmanovic Boris
Elizabeth Johannus Van Lare Cornelis
Jozef Jacques Mayer Mateo
André Irène Schutyser Maarten
Barend Westerink Jan
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv filed Critical Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv
Publication of TR201815516T4 publication Critical patent/TR201815516T4/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04Feed pretreatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B7/00Halogens; Halogen acids
    • C01B7/01Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
    • C01B7/03Preparation from chlorides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/027Nanofiltration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B11/00Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
    • C01B11/12Chloric acid
    • C01B11/14Chlorates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/14Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/24Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/24Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • C25B1/265Chlorates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/06Specific process operations in the permeate stream
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/12Addition of chemical agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/25Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
    • B01D2311/251Recirculation of permeate
    • B01D2311/2512Recirculation of permeate to feed side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/25Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
    • B01D2311/252Recirculation of concentrate
    • B01D2311/2523Recirculation of concentrate to feed side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2684Electrochemical processes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

Mevcut buluş en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür ve kirletici miktarda polivalan katyonlar içeren sulu bir tuz çözeltisi kullanarak klor içeren bir bileşik hazırlama prosesi ile ilgilidir, söz konusu proses (i) en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür ve en az 0,01 ppm polivalan katyonlar içeren sulu tuz çözeltisinin su içinde sodyum klorür kaynağı çözündürülerek hazırlanması, (ii) sulu çözeltiye en az bir pozitif birikim artırıcı bileşenden etkili bir miktarın eklenmesi, (iii) ardından çözeltinin bir nanofiltrasyon adımına alınması, böylece çözeltinin polivalan katyonlar için zenginleştirilmiş bir retentata ve saflaştırılmış sulu tuz çözeltisi olan bir permeata ayrılması, (iv) permeattaki klorür anyonlarının elektroliz adımıyla klor veya sodyum kloratla reaksiyona sokulması ve (v) retentatın en azından bir kısmının çözünme adımına (i) geri döndürülmesi adımlarını içerir.The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound containing chlorine using an aqueous salt solution containing at least 100 g / l of sodium chloride and a polluting amount of polyvalent cations, said process (i) having at least 100 g / l of sodium chloride and at least 0.01 (ii) adding an effective amount of at least one positive deposition enhancer component to the aqueous solution, (iii) then taking the solution to a nanofiltration step, thereby allowing the solution to be enriched for polyvalent cations. and separating a purified aqueous salt solution into a permeate, (iv) reacting the chloride anions in the permeate with chlorine or sodium chloride by the step of electrolysis; and (v) returning at least a portion of the retentate to the dissolution step (i).

Description

TARIFNAMEKLOR VEYA SODYUM KLORAT HAZIRLAMA PROSESIMevcut bulus en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür ve kirletici miktarda polivalan katyonlar içeren sulu bir tuz çözeltisinden baslayarak klorveya sodyum klorat hazirlama prosesi ile ilgilidir.Dogal bir kaynaktaki en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür içeren sulu tuz çözeltilerinde magnezyum, kalsiyum, stronsiyum, demir ve sülfat gibi çok sayida anyon ve katyon mevcuttur. Tuzun hazirlanma prosesinde ve tuzun hammadde oldugu ürünlerin hazirlanma prosesinde bu anyon ve katyonlarin çogu ayrilmalidir. Bugüne kadar, kalsiyum, magnezyum, stronsiyum, demir ve/Veya sülfat gibi polivalan iyonlarini, sulu tuz çözeltisine büyük miktarda soda ve konsantre NaOH çözeltisi ekleyip çözeltiyi çesitli çökeltme adimlarindan geçirmeyi, ardindan sulu tuz çözeltisini çesitli buharlastirina proseslerinden geçirmeyi içeren bir proses haricinde genellikle sulu tuz çözeltisinden önemli miktarda ayirmak mümkün olmamistir. Bu sekilde üretilen nispeten saf tuz, oldugu gibi satilabilir ve basta klor ve sodyum klorat gibi klor içeren bilesiklerin üretimine ait olan olmak üzere diger prosesler için uygun bir hammadde olusturur. Klor içeren bilesiklerin bu üretim proseslerinde, tuz tekrar su içinde çözülür ve klorür anyonlari bir oksidasyon adimiyla, örnegin elektroliz prosesi ileklor içeren bilesiklerle reaksiyona sokulur.Klor içeren bilesikler hazirlamaya yönelik yukaridaki modern proses, büyük reaktörler ve çökelticiler gerektiren pek çok adim içerdiginden ekonomik çekiciligi azaltmaktadir. Ayrica, soda ve kostik gibi bol miktarda, arzu edilmeyen kimyasal gereklidir. Buna ilaveten, bol miktarda safsizlik içeren sulu tuz çözeltilerinin inodern prosesle yeterli ölçüde saflastirilmasinin mümkün olmadigi anlasildigindan, bu modern proses baslangiç materyali olarak çok agir kontamine olmayansulu bir tuz çözeltisi gerektirir.Ayrica, en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür içeren sulu tuz çözeltisinden polivalan iyonlarin büyük ölçüde ayrilmasi mümkün olsaydi, sonraki bir adimda daha ileri isleme için tekrar suda çözdürmek üzere önce bir kurutulmus tuz hazirlaiimasina gerek olmazdi. Yine, polivalan iyonlarin en az 100 g/l sodyuin klorür içeren sulu bir çözeltiden büyük ölçüde ayrilmasi mümkün olsaydi bu sulu çözelti düsük kalitede olabilirdi, yani daha yüksek miktarda istenmeyen polivalan iyoniçerebilirdi, ancak klor içeren bilesik üretimi için halen uygun olurdu.Dolayisiyla piyasada, en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür içeren sulu tuz çözeltisinin, özellikle konsantre tuzlu suyun saflastirilarak polivalan iyonlarin büyük ölçüde ayrildigi bir klor içeren bilesik hazirlama prosesine ihtiyaç olup, bu saflastirilmis çözelti daha ileri reaksiyonlaklor içeren bir bilesik verebilir.US 5,858,240, en az 50 g/l sodyum klorür içeren tuz çözeltilerinin nanofiltrasyon adimiyla saflastirilarak istenmeyen iyonlarinin çikarildigi ve ardindan elektroliz adimiyla klor veya sodyum klorat ilereaksiyona sokulduklari bir klor-alkali prosesini açiklamaktadir.Ancak bu belgede açiklanan kalsiyum ve inagnezyuin birikiini halen gelisime açiktir. Özellikle, bu referans örnekleriyle açiklandigi gibi, sulu tuz çözeltisinin sodyum klorür miktari arttiginda kalsiyum birikimi güçlü biçimde azalir, sodyum klorür konsantrasyonu 139,6 g/l iken kalsiyum birikiini %56,3 ve sodyum klorür konsantrasyonu 288,7 g/l'ye yükseldiginde sadece %12,3'tür. Dolayisiyla, kalsiyum iyonlarinin saflastirilmis tuz çözeltisiyle beraber nanofiltrasyon meinbranindaii (istenmeyen) geçisi daha yüksek tuz konsantrasyonlarinda büyük ölçüde arttigindan, tuz konsantrasyonu arttikça bu istenmeyen iyonlarin sulu tuz çözeltisinden ayrildigisaflastirma adimi giderek zorlasir.GB 2,395,946 deniz suyunun, çözeltiyi nanofiltrasyoii adimina alarak saflastirildigi bir proses ile ilgilidir. Deniz suyu sülfat iyonlarinin sodyum iyonlari veya klorür iyonlarina göre daha fazla reddedildigi bir nanofiltrasyon prosesine gönderilir. Ardindan nanofiltrasyon prosesindeki permeat termal bir tuzsuzlastirma prosesine gönderilerek sudaki sodyum klorür konsantrasyonu arttirilir. Son olarak sodyum klorür bir kristalizör içinde çökeltilir. Nanofiltrasyon adimindan sonra elde edilen retentat bir tahliye agzindan bosaltilabilir veya magnezyum, sülfat veya kalsiyum gibi bilesenlerin mineral geri kazanimi prosesine gönderilebilir. Nanofiltrasyon prosesinde tuzlu su konsantrasyonunun kalsiyum karbonat çökeltisini önleyecek kadar düsük olmasinin saglanmasi gerektigi bildirilmektedir. GB 2,395,946 konsantre sodyum klorür akintilarinin, yani en az 100 g/l sodyumklorür içeren sulu tuz çözeltilerinin nanofiltrasyonunu açiklamaz.US 4,176,022 katolit bölmesinden yari geçirgen bir bariyerle ayrilmis bir anolit bölmesine sahip elektrolitik hücredeki alkali metal klorür tuzlu suyu elektrolizle ayristirmak için bir yöntemi tanimlamakta olup söz konusu yöntem (i) kalsiyuin iyon içeren tuzlu su alkalin tutinayi, (ii) fosforik asit, sodyum ortofosfat, sodyum inetafosfat, sodyum polifosfat, potasyum polifosfat ve bunlarin karisimlarindan olusan gruptan seçilmis bir fosfati söz konusu alkalin tuzlu suyuna ekleyerek X'in burada F, C1 ve OH'den olusan gruptan seçildigi (CaXz) ' (Ca(PO4)2)3 stokiyoinetrik formülüne sahip çözünmez bir çökelti olusturmayi, (iii) çökeltiyi tuzlu sudan ayirmayi, (iv) bir milyar kalsiyum iyonunda 20'den az parça içeren tuzlu suyu hücrenin anolit bölmesine beslemeyi ve (V) hücrenin içinden bir elektrik akimi geçirmeyi içermektedir. Özet olarak bu referans kalsiyumu tuzlu sudan ayirmak için bir prosesi açiklainakta olup burada tuzlu suya eklenen katki maddesi mevcut kalsiyum iyonlariyla çözünmez bir stokiyometrik kompleks olusturur ve daha sonra filtrasyonla ayrilarak atilir. Sonuç olarak bu referans katki maddesinin geri döndürülebilir oldugu bir prosesle ilgili olmadigindan prosesin ekonomik açidan çekiciligini azaltir. Ayrica, nanofiltrasyon membranlari ikinaldeki kati ürünlere bagli olarak üst katmanin mekanik hasariiia duyarli oldugundan US 4,176,022'de tanimlanan ikinalin nanofiltrasyonadimina tutulmaya uygun olinadigi bulunmustur.Klor veya sodyum klorür hazirlamak için bir proses bulduk, burada bir adimda kalsiyumun yani sira polivalan katyonlar magnezyum, stronsiyum, demir, baryum, alüminyum veya bu katyonlardan iki veya daha fazlasinin karisimini içeren polivalan iyonlarin en az 100 g/lsodyum klorür içeren sulu çözeltilerdeki birikimi büyük ölçüde artaraksonraki bir adimda klorür anyonunun dogrudan reaksiyonu ile istenenklor içeren bilesik elde edilebilir.Daha ayrintili olarak bulus, ekli istem l'e göre en az 100 g/l sodyum klorîir ve en az 0,01 ppm polivalan katyonlar içeren sulu tuz çözeltisiyle klor veya sodyum klorat hazirlamak için bir proses saglar. "Pozitif birikim artirici bilesen" terimi, kalsiyum ve magnezyum, stronsiyum, demir, baryum ve/Veya alüminyum gibi diger polivalan katyonlari içeren sulu çözeltiye eklendiginde, söz konusu çözeltinin nanofiltrasyon adimina tutulmasiyla kalsiyum birikiininde ve tercihen magnezyum, stronsiyum, deinir, baryum ve alüminyumdan olusan gruptan seçilmis bir veya birden fazla polivalan katyonun birikiminde artisa yol açabilecek her tür katki maddesini ifade etmektedir. Bir katki maddesinin mevcut bulusa uygun proseste pozitif birikim artirici bilesen (PREC) olarak kullanima uygun olup olmadigini saptamaküzere asagidaki test kullanilabilir.3,600 gr su içinde Merck'ten alinmis 1,120 gr ultra saf sodyum klorür çözündürülerek sentetik bir tuzlu su hazirlanir. Ardindan 17,04 gr NaZSO4 ve 13,2 g CaClz sentetik tuzlu suda çözündür'ûlür. Sentetik tuzlu su olarak belirtilen son tuzlu su 0,036 1112 nanofiltrasyon meinbrani Desal®5DK (GE/Osmonics'den alinmis) içeren DSS lab- stak M20 ünitesine beslenir. Membraii ünitesi 30 bar basiiiçta ve 600 l/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilir. Unite toplam geri döndürme modunda 1 saat çalistirilir (retentat ve permeat, takviye kabina geri döndürülür). Ardiiidan 50 ml permeat `Örnegi toplanir ve asitlestirine ve es zamanli Indî'iktif Olarak Eslesmis Plazma - EmisyonSpektrometrisi (lCP-ES) kullanilarak nitrik asitle seyreltine sonrasiiidapermeatla retentat örneginin Ca koiisantrasyonlari ölçülerek CA birikiini saptanir. Bu, bos deneydir. Ikinci bir deneyde, söz konusu sentetik ham tuzlu suya 300 ppm katki maddesi eklenir. Bir çökelti olusursa, katki maddesi bulusa uygun proseste PREC olarak kullanima uygun degil olarak kabul edilir. Çökelti olusuinu gözle görünmezse, yukarida tanimlanan nanofiltrasyon deneyi tekrarlanir. Ca birikiininde bos deneye kiyasla en az %5 mutlak artis gözlenirse, katki inaddesipozitif birikim artirici bilesen olarak kabul edilir.Sasirtici biçimde, yukaridaki proses kullanilirken adiin (iii)'te, pozitif birikim artirici bilesen içermeyen ayni sulu çözeltinin böyle bir nanofiltrasyon adimina tutuldugu bir prosese kiyasla kalsiyum birikiminde en az %5, tercihen %7, en fazla tercihen en az %10 mutlak artis gözlemlendigi saptanmistir. Birikimdeki en az %5 mutlak artis istemlerdeki tüm sulu tuz çözeltilerinde, yani 100 g/l sodyum klor'ûr konsantrasyonu ila doymus, hatta süper doymus sodyum klorûr konsantrasyonu içeren çözeltiler için elde edilebilir. Pozitif birikim artirici bilesen içermeyen sulu bir çözeltinin nanofiiltrasyon adimina tutuldugu bir proseste (yani bos deneyde gözlemlenen kalsiyum birikimi çoktan %90 ile %97 arasinda ise, mevcut bulusa uygun prosesiii kullaniminin yine de birikim artisina yol açacagi, ancak mutlak artisin en az %1 olmasina karsin %5'ten az olacagi kaydedilmistir. Kalsiyum birikimi bos deneyde %97'nin de üzerindeyse pozitif birikim artirici bilesenin eklenmesiyle birikim artisinin halen beklenebilecegi, ancak bunun artik pratik bir faydasinin olmayacagi kaydedilmistir. Tercihen, mevcut bulusa uygun proses, dolayisiyla pozitif birikim artirici bilesen yoklugundaki kalsiyumbirikiininin %2 ile %97 arasinda, daha tercihen %4 ile %90 arasinda,en fazla tercihen %5 ile %75 arasinda bulundugu bir tuzlu su içinkullanilir.Ayrica, genellikle sulu tuz çözeltisindeki magnezyum, stronsiyum, demir, baryum ve/Veya alüminyum gibi diger polivalan katyonlarin birikiminde de bir artis gözlendigi kaydedilmistir. Birikimde gözlemlenen mutlak artis da çogunlukla %5'i asar. PREC ekolojik olarak saglam bilesenler grubundan seçilir: karboksilik veya polikarboksilik asitler, fosfinokarboksilik asitler, poliakrilik asitler, polimaleik asitler, glikoz, sukroz, sakaroz veya diger sekerler vesodyum glukonat.En fazla tercih edilen, asagidaki büyük moleküler bilesikler grubundan seçilen bir PREC'dir: tercihen Jianghai Chemical Co.'dan alinmis %40 sulu çözelti Belsperse® 164 olarak kullanilan fosfinokarboksilik asitler; tercihen Ashland Inc.'den alinmis %50 sulu çözelti DreWSperse® 747A olarak kullanilan polimaleik asitler. Etkili olmasi için (yani en azindan bos deneyle kiyasla polivalan katyon kalsiyuin birikiminde mutlak %5 artis gerçeklestirmek için) mevcut bulusa uygun proses adimi (ii)'de eklenmesi gereken toplam PREC miktari en az 15 ppm'dir. Tercihen, proses adimi (ii)'de eklenen toplam PREC miktari en az 25 ppm, daha tercihen en az 35 ppm ve en fazla tercihen en az 50 ppm'dir. Tercihen, mevcut bulusa uygun proses adimi (ii)'de eklenmesi gereken toplam PREC miktari 5000 ppin'den az, daha tercihen 1000 ppm'den az, daha tercihen 500 ppm'den az ve en fazla tercihen 350 ppm'den azdir. PREC saf biçimdeki sulu tuzçözeltisine (kati veya sivi) veya su içinde çözelti olarak eklenebilir.Mevcut bulusa uygun prosesin ilave bir avantaji, mevcut proseste kullanima uygun nanofiltrasyon membranlarinin genellikle iyi ila mükemmel sülfat birikiin özellikleri sayesinde, sulu tuz çözeltisinde bulunabilecek sülfat iyonlarinin da nanofiltrasyon adimi sirasinda ayrilacagidir. Saflastirilmis sulu tuz çözeltisinin düsük sülfat içerigi (yani mevcut proseste adim (iii)'ün permeati) asagidaki avantajlara sahiptir. Birinci olarak, elektroliz adimi engelleyici sülfat iyonlarinin varligindan daha az etkilenir. Ikinci olarak, nihai oksidasyon adiminin, yani elektroliz adiininin atik akimi büyük ölçüde azaltilmistir. Ornegin klor üretim prosesinde, tükenmis tuzlu su tuz çözücüye geri döndürülerek elektrolizörlerden çikan tuzlu suyu tercihen yaklasik 310 g/L seviyesinde tekrar doyurur. Geleneksel proseslerdeki tükenmis tuzlu suyun geri döndürme akiminin dezavantaji prosesteki safsizliklarin toplanacak olmasi olup bir tahliye gerektirmektedir. Genellikle, atik akiminin büyüklügü geri döndürülecek tükenmis tuzlu sudaki sülfat konsantrasyonuna göre belirlenir. Bulusa uygun nanofiltrasyon prosesi ile, elektroliz adimina tutulan çözeltideki sülfat miktari bir nanofiltrasyon adimi içermeyen modern proseslere kiyasla azaltilabilir. Buna göre atik akimi azaltilarak prosesi ekonomik olarakdaha da çekici kilar.Yukarida belirtilen polivalan katyon ayirimini gerçeklestirmek için sonraki bir kristallestirme adimina veya baska perineat islemlerinegerek yoktur.Yukaridaki prosesin sonucunda, adim (iii)'ten dogan saflastirilmis sulutuz çözeltisi, saflastirilmis sulu tuz çözeltisinin bir hammadde Oldugusonraki adim (iV)'te, yani klor içeren bilesiklerin üretiminde dogrudankullanilabilecek safliktadir.Bulusa uygun prosesle hazirlanan klor içeren bilesikler arasinda klor ve sodyuin klorat bulunur. Sodyum klorat, NaClO3, beyaz, higroskopik kristalimsi bir kati maddedir. Son on yilda sodyum klorat talebindeki hizli artis, büyük ölçüde klorattan türetilmis klor agarticisinin kagit hamuru ve kagit endüstrisine girisinden kaynaklanmaktadir. Baslica ikinci kullaniin alani, diger metallerin kloratlarinin (örn. kibrit ve patlayicilarda kullanilan potasyum klorat, havai fiseklerde kullanilan baryuin klorat ve herbisit olarak kullanilan kalsiyum klorat) üretiminde ara ürün olarak kullanimdir. Diger kullanim alanlari metalurjik islemlerde oksitleyici madde ve tarimürünleri ile boyalarda katki maddesi olarak kullanimdir.Sodyum klorat bu bulusa göre, bulus prosesi adimi (iii)'te elde edilen permeatin klor, sodyum hidroksit ve hidrojen üretmek üzere geleneksel bir elektroliz adimina tutulmasiyla hazirlanir. Klor ve sodyum hidroksit reaksiyona girerek sodyum hipokloriti olusturur, bu da teknikte genel olarak bilindigi üzere, daha sonra tercihen kontrollü pH ve sicaklik kosullari altinda klorat ve klorüre dönüstürülür. Tercihen permeat, sodyum klorat üretmek için elektroliz adiniina tutulmadan önce ilk olarak hafif asitlestirilir. Ayrica çözelti, elektroliz içinde serbest kalmis hidrojenin klorati azaltniasini önlemek üzere tercihen potasyum dikromat gibi oksitleyici maddeleri az miktarda içerir. Yine teknikte genel olarak bilindigi gibi, kati klorat fraksiyonelkristallesme ile hücre atigindan ayrilabilir.10En fazla tercih edilen, klor hazirlanmasidir. Klor bu bulusa göre, bulus prosesi adimi (iii)'te elde edilen permeatin klor, sodyum hidroksit ve hidrojen üretmek üzere bir elektroliz adimina tutulmasiyla hazirlanir, burada elektroliz adiminin tercihen yürütüldügü elektroliz hücresi, teknikte genel olarak bilindigi üzere klor ile kostik soda arasindaki reaksiyon önlenecek sekilde tasarlanmistir. Bulusa uygun elektroliz adimi membran elektrolizi, diyafram elektrolizi, klorat elektrolizi ve civa elektrolizi gibi elektroliz proseslerini içerir. En fazla tercihen, bubir membran elektrolizi adimidir.Bulusa uygun proseste istege bagli bir cilalama adimi uygulanabilir. Tercih edilen bir düzenlemede, proses adimlari (iii) ve (iv) arasinda böyle bir ilave cilalania adimi gerçeklesir. Cilalama adimi, sulu çözeltiyi iyon degisim prosesine besleyerek sistemdeki son polivalan iyon izlerini kaldirmayi içerebilir. Ozellikle, adim (iv) bir membran elektrolizi adimi içerdiginde, adim (iii) ile adim (iv) arasinda ilave bir iyon degisimi adimi daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bulusa uygun proses adimi (iii)'ten dogan sulu tuz çözeltisinde, istege bagli iyon degisimi adiminin çok küçük kimyasal bedel karsiliginda uygulanabilecegi kadar fazla miktarda polivalan iyonun çikarildiginadikkat çekilmektedir.Tercihen, mevcut bulusun proseslerindeki sulu tuz çözeltisi en az 150 g/l, daha tercihen en az 200 g/l, daha fazla tercihen en az 250 g/l, yine daha fazla tercihen en az 300 g/l sodyum klorür içerir; en fazlatercihen, doymus bir sodyum klorür çözeltisidir.11Mevcut bulusa uygun prosesin alternatif bir düzenlemesinde sodyum klorür konsantrasyonu, sulu çözeltiye en az bir pozitif birikim artirici bilesen eklenmesini izleyen veya eszamanli bir adimda ve nanofiltrasyon adimindan (iii) önce en az 100 g/l olacak sekildeayarlanabilir.Bu belge içerisinde kullanildigi sekilde "tuz kaynagi" teriminin agirlikça %25'ten fazlasinin NaCl oldugu tüm tuzlari belirttigi kaydedilmektedir. Tercihen Söz konusu tuz agirlikça %50'den fazla NaCl içerir. Daha tercihen tuz agirlikça %75'ten fazla NaCl içerirken, agirlikça %90'dan fazla NaCl içeren tuz en fazla tercih edilmektedir. Tuz günes tuzu (suyun günes isisi ile tuzlu sudan buharlastirilmasiyla elde edilen tuz), kaya tuzu ve/Veya yeralti tuzu yataklari olabilir. Söz konusu tuz kaynagi suda çözünerek en az 100 g/l sodyum klorür içeren sulu bir tuz çözeltisi verdiginde, toplam en az 0,01 ppm miktarinda polivalan katyonik atik içerir. Mevcut bulusa göre gerekli bir veya birden fazla sayida pozitif birikim artirici bilesen, bu sekilde hazirlanmis sulu çözeltiye eklenir. Ancak PREC'lerin çözünme adiinindan önce tuz kaynagina veya çözünme adimindan önce suya eklenmesi de mümkündür. Bu prosedürlerin bir kombinasyonu damümkündür.Tercihen, tuz kaynagi çözünme madenciligi yoluyla kullanilan yeralti tuz yatagidir. Tuz kaynagi kaya tuzu veya günes tuzu ise, tercihen tuz çözücüye aktarilir, burada su eklenerek mevcut bulusa uygun sulu tuz çözeltisi hazirlanir. Su, kuyu suyu veya yerüstü suyu gibi gelenekselolarak bu amaçla kullanilan herhangi bir su kaynagindan alinabilir.12Retentatin en azindan bir kismi çözünme adimina (i) geri döndürülür. Dolayisiyla tuz çözücüye veya yeralti tuz yatagina geri döndürülür. Retentatin çözücüye veya yeralti tuz yatagina geri döndürülmesi asagidaki avantajlara sahiptir. Nanofiltrasyon adiinina tutulan sulu tuz çözeltisi, en az bir pozitif birikim artirici bilesen (PREC) içerir. Retentatin çözücüye geri döndürülüsü, böylece söz konusu sulu tuz çözeltisine eklenecek PREC miktarini azaltir. Ayrica, polivalan iyonik safsizliklar nanofiltrasyon membrani ile önemli ölçüde tutuldugu için, çözücüye geri döndürülen tuzlu suda veya yeralti tuz yataginda birikirler. Son olarak, çözünürlük limitlerine ulasirlar ve böylece om. anhidrit veya polihalit biçiminde, tortuyla kolayca çikarilabilecekleriçözücü dibinde veya yeralti tuz yatagi oyugunun dibinde çökeltilirler.Bu düzenlemede, sulu tuz çözeltisinde çözünecek tuz kaynaginda bulunan atik miktarini daha azaltmak için çözücüye veya yeralti tuz yatagina, `Örnegin EP 1 404 614'te tanimlandigi gibi bir veya birdenfazla geleneksel geciktirici madde eklemek mümkündür.Diger bir düzenlemede polivalan katyonlar kalsiyumun yani sira, magnezyum, stronsiyuin, demir, baryum, alüminyum polivalan katyonlarini veya bu katyonlardan iki veya daha fazlasini içerir. Diger bir düzenlemede, nanofiltrasyon adimina tutulacak sulu çözeltideki polivalan katyonlarin kirletici miktari 20.000 ppm'den az ve en az 0,01 ppm, daha tercihen 10.000 ppm'den az, daha tercihen 4000 ppm'den az ve en fazla tercihen 2000 ppm'den azdir. Tercihen kirletici miktari en az 0,1 ppm, daha tercihen en az 10 ppm, en fazla tercihen en az 100ppm'dir.13Bulusa uygun proseslerin diger bir düzenleinesinde, nanofiltrasyon adimina tutulacak sulu tuz çözeltisindeki kalsiyum veya magnezyumun miktari 2000 ppm'den az, tercihen 1800 ppm'den az, daha tercihen 1600 ppm'den az, en fazla tercihen 1400 ppin'den azdir. Daha tercihen, kalsiyum ve magnezyumun birlesik miktari 2500ppm'den az, tercihen 2000 ppm'den azdir.Bulusa uygun proseslerin baska bir bir düzenlemesinde, nanofiltrasyon adimina tutulacak sulu tuz çözeltisindeki sülfat anyonlarinin miktari 75.000 ppm'den az, tercihen 50.000 ppm'den az, daha tercihen 25.000 ppm'den az, en fazla tercihen 10.000 ppm'den azve en fazla tercihen 8.000 ppin'den azdir.Bu tarifnainede bahsedildigi gibi, membran nanofiltrasyonu ünitesine yerlestirilen "nanofiltrasyon membraninin", divalan ve diger polivalan anyonlari seçici biçimde çikartmak üzere tasarlanmis ve en az 100 Da, tercihen en az 150 Da molekül agirligi sinirina sahip olan ve moleküler agirlik sinirinin en fazla 25.000 Da, tercihen en fazla .000 Da, daha tercihen en fazla 2500 Da ve en fazla tercihen en fazla 1000 Da oldugu tüm geleneksel nanofiltrasyon membranlarini göstermesinin amaçlandigi kaydedilmistir. Nanofiltrasyon sistemi tercihen FilmTec® NF270 (The DOW Chemical Company), DESAL® SDK, DESAL® 5DL ve DESAL® 5HL (all GE/Osmonics), NTR® 7250 (Nitto Denko Industrial Membranes) ve AFC®-30 (PCI Membrane Systems LTD) olarak satilanlar gibi nanofiltrasyon tipi yari geçirgen membranlar kullanir. Bunlar ve bulusa uygun proseste kullanima uygun benzer membranlar, gözlemlenen bir sülfatbirikiininde gösterildigi gibi tüm divalan anyonlari ve özellikle sülfat14ve karbonati tam geri döndürine isleminde demineralize su içinde 1 g/L MgSO4 çözeltisinin isleninesi sirasinda %80'in üzerinde ve tercihen %90'in üzerinde yüksek bir yüzdede etkili biçimde çikarirken, klorür birikiininde gösterildigi gibi tüm monovalan anyonlari ve özellikle klorür ve bromürü tam geri döndürme isleminde demineralize su içinde 1 g/L NaCl çözeltisinin islenmesi sirasinda %80'in altinda ve tercihen %70'in altinda yüksek bir yüzdede meinbrandan geçirir. Bu çözeltilerle yapilan testler, güçlü konsantrasyon polarizasyonundan kaçinmak için ortain sicakliginda, l/m2's ile 30 l/mz's arasinda bir membran akisinda ve çapraz akis hizinda yürütülmelidir. Bu testlerdeki sodyum klorür ve magnezyum sülfat birikimleri, kalibre iletkenlik ölçümleri ile saptanabilir. Yukarida belirtilmis membran tipleri gibi nanofiltrasyon tipi yari geçirgen bir membran tercih edilse de, bu yüksek divalan iyon atimi özelliklerine sahip diger nanofiltrasyon membraiilari piyasadamevcuttur ve alternatif olarak kullanilabilir.Mevcut bulusa uygun proses asagidaki örneklerle daha iyiaçiklanmaktadir.ÖRNEKLEROrneklerde asagidaki tanim kullanilir:Birikim = {l-(permeat içindeki bilesen konsantrasyonu / retentatiçindeki bilesen konsantrasyonu)} x %100Örnek '115Sirayla 7,6 m2 ve 8,4 m2 membran yüzölçümüne sahip iki membran türü, 4-inç spiral sarilmis NF®27O poliainid ince film NF membrani (DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM ürünü) ve 4-inç spiral sarilmis Desal® 5DK poliamid NF membrani (GE/Osmonics ürünü) kullanilarak bir deney yürütülmüstür. Membran modülleri, kesintisiz takviye ve bosaltma islemi modunda her membran modülü için yaklasik 3 m3/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilan bir pilot ünitede paralel olarak test edilmistir. Sodyum klorür kristalizörden elde edilen ana sivi, üniteye eklenmistir. Ana sivi pH degeri, konsantre (%35) HZSO4 çözelti ile pH 10,7'ye düsürülmüstür. Ayrica, ana siviya Ashland Inc. ürünü 202 ppm Drewsperse®747A, %50 sulu poliinaleik asit çözeltisi eklenerek 10] ppm pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmistir. Membran pilot ünitesine gönderilen son ana sivi, digerlerinin yani sira 280 g/l NaCl, 0,25 meq/L kalsiyum, 0,06 meq/L stronsiyuin ve 1,190 meq/L SO4z'içermektedir. Retentatin çogunlugu membran takviye hattina geri döndürülmüsken (çapraz akis isleini), retentatin bir kisini permeatla düzenlenerek yaklasik 1,3 konsantrasyon faktörü (taze takviye akisinin düzenlenmis retentat akisina orani) elde edilmistir. 32 bar basinç ve 40°C'deki membran filtrasyonu sirasinda Desal® 5DK ve NF®270 için %99 kalsiyum birikiinleri ve %88 stronsiyumbirikiinleri elde edilmistir.Karsilastirmali Örnek 2Iki membran tipi, yassi NF®27O poliamid ince film NF membranlari (DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM ürünü) ve yassi Desal® SDK poliainid NF membranlari (GE/Osmonics ürünü) kullanilarak baskabir deney yürütülmüstür. Membran tipleri, kesintisiz takviye ve16bosaltma islemi modunda 600 L/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilan bir DSS lab istifi ünitesinde es zamanli olarak test edilmistir. Toplamda 0,144 in2 membran yüzölçümü yerlestirilmistir. Sodyum klorür kristalizörden elde edilen ana sivi, üniteye eklenmistir. Ana sivi pH degeri, konsantre H2804 çözeltisi ile pH 10,8'e düsürülmüstür. Pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmemistir. DSS ünitesine gönderilen ana sivi, digerlerinin yani sira 1,150 meq/L 8042', 296 g/l NaCl, 1,3 mg/l Caz` ve 655 mg/l Br- içermektedir. Membran filtrasyonu 50 bar basinçta ve 32°C sicaklikta yürütülmüstür. Retentatin çogunlugu membran takviye hattina geri döndürülmüsken (çapraz akis islemi), retentatin bir kismi perineatlarla düzenlenerek yaklasik 1,3 konsantrasyon faktörü elde edilmistir. Membranlar %32'nin altindakalsiyum birikimleri göstermistir.Karsilastirmali Örnek 3Iki membran tipi, yassi NF®270 poliamid ince film NF membrani (DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM ürünü) ve yassi Desal® 5DK poliamid NF ineinbrani (GE/Osmonics ürünü) kullanilarak baska bir deney yürütülmüstür. Membran tipleri, toplam geri döndürme modunda (toplam retentat ve permeatlar membran ikmal kabina geri döndürülmüstür) 600 L/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilan bir DSS lab istifi ünitesinde es zamanli olarak test edilmistir. Toplamda 0,36 m2 membran yüzölçümü yerlestirilmistir. Tuzlu su kaynagindan elde edilen ham tuzlu su, ünitcye verilmistir. Pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmemistir. DSS lab istifi ünitesine gönderilen ham tuzlu su, digerlerinin yani sira 1,21 g/l 8042`, 273 g/l NaCl, 3,3 mg/l stronsiyuin, 10,3 mg/l magnezyum ve 494 mg/l Ca2+ içermektedir.17Membran filtrasyonu 21 bar basinçta ve 22°C sicaklikta yürütülmüstür. Desal® SDK ve NF®27O sirasiyla %36 ve %24 kalsiyum birikimi ve %59'un altinda stronsiyum birikimleri sergileinistir. Desal® 5DK ve NF®270'in magnezyum birikimleri sirasiyla %68 ve %66 olarak bulunmustur. Desal® 5DK ve NF®270'in sülfat birikiinleri sirasiyla %94,2 ve %95,9 olarakbulunmustur.Ornek 4Sirayla 7,6 m2 ve 8,4 m2 membran yüzölçümüne sahip iki membran türü, 4-inç spiral sarilmis NF®270 poliamid ince film NF niembrani (DOW Chemical Company FilinTecTM ürünü) ve 4-inç spiral sarilmis Desal® SDK poliamid NF membrani (GE/Osmonics ürünü) kullaiiilarak bir deney yürütülmüstür. Membran modülleri, kesintisiz takviye ve bosaltma islemi modunda sirasiyla NF®270 ve Desal® 5DK'nin her membran modülü içiii 3,1 m3/s ve 2,6 m3/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilan bir pilot ünitede paralel olarak test edilmistir. Sodyum klorür kristalizörden elde edilen ana sivi, üniteye eklenmistir. Ana sivi pH degeri, konsantre (%35) HZSO4 çözelti ile pH 10,6'ye düsürülmüstür. Ayrica, ana siviya 192 ppm Drewsperse® 747A eklenerek 96 ppm pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmistir (bkz. Ornek 1). Membran pilot ünitesiiie gönderilen son ana sivi, digerlerinin yani sira 280 g/l NaCl, 0,046 meq/L tam çözünmüs kalsiyum ve 1,125 meq/L 8042' içermektedir. Retentatin çogunlugu membran takviye hattina geri döndürülmüsken (çapraz akis islemi), retentatin bir kisini perineatla düzenlenerek sirasiyla NF®270 veDesa1® SDK için yaklasik 1,3 ve 1,2 konsantrasyon faktörü (taze18takviye akisinin düzenlenmis retentat akisina orani) elde edilmistir. 32 bar basinçtaki ve sirasiyla NF®270 ve Desal® 5DK için 34°C ve 39°C sicakliktaki membran filtrasyonu sirasinda, Desal® 5DK ve NF®270 için sirasiyla %96 Ve %97 kalsiyum birikimi elde edilmistir.Örnek 5Iki membran tipi, yassi NF®270 poliamid ince film NF membrani (DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM ürünü) ve yassi Desal® 5DK poliamid NF membrani (GE/Osmonics ürünü) ve Karsilastirmali Ornek 3'te belirtilen ayni kaynaga ait ham tuzlu su kullanilarak baska bir deney yürütülmüstür. Ayrica, ham tuzlu suya 600 ppm Drewsperse® 747A eklenerek 300 ppm pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmistir (bkz. Ornek 1). Membran tipleri, toplam geri döndürme modunda (toplam retentat ve permeatlar membran ikmal kabina geri döndürülmüstür) 600 L/s çapraz akis hizinda çalistirilan bir DSS lab istifi ünitesinde es zamanli olarak test edilmistir. Toplamda 0,216 m2 membran yüzölçümü yerlestirilmistir. Tuzlu su kaynagindan elde edilen ham tuzlu su, üniteye verilmistir. DSS lab istifi ünitesine gönderilen ham tuzlu su, digerlerinin yani sira 1,11 g/l 8042', 289 g/l NaCl, 3,0 mg/l stronsiyum, 10,1 mg/l magnezyum ve 490 mg/l Ca2+ içerinektedir. Membran filtrasyonu 31 bar basinçta ve 21°C sicaklikta yürütülmüstür. Desal® SDK ve NF®270 sirasiyla %79 ve %50 kalsiyum birikimi, sirasiyla %90 ve %70 stronsiyum birikiinleri ve sirasiyla %93 ve %79 magnezyum birikimleri sergilemistir. Her iki membran, %0,6 klorür birikimi sergilemistir. Desal® 5DK ve NF®270 sirasiyla %96,8% ve %98,5 sülfat birikimisergilemistir.19Karsilastirmali Ornek 6Karsilastirmali Ornek 3'te takviye akisi olarak üretilen permatla beraber bir laboratuvar membran elektroliz hücresi kullanilarak bir elektroliz deneyi yürütülmüstür. Deneyler anot ile katot arasinda sabit 5A akimi ile gerçeklestirilmistir. Yaklasik 3 saat sonra membran üzerindeki potansiyel fark 4V'yi astigi için elektroliz prosesidurdurulmu stur.Örnek 7Karsilastirmali Ornek 6'da tanimlanan ayni elektroliz ekipmani ve ayni proses kosullariyla, fakat simdi Ornek 5'te üretilmis permeat kullanilarak bir elektroliz deneyi yürütülmüstür. 6 saatlik çalisinanin ardindan laboratuvar projesi halen devam etmekte olup membranüzerindeki potansiyel fark 4V'nin altindadir.Yukaridaki örneklerle kanitlandigi üzere, bulusa uygun prosesle kalsiyum ve stronsiyuin iyonlarinin birikimi nanofiltrasyon adimina tutulmadan önce sulu tuz çözeltisine pozitif birikim artirici bilesen ilave edilmemis proseslere kiyasla büyük ölçüde artmistir ve dolayisiyla son sulu tuz çözeltisi klorür aiiyoiilariiiin elektroliz prosesinde klorla reaksiyonu için dogrudan ve uygun biçimdekullanilabilir. 20TARIFNAME IÇERISINDE ATIF YAPILAN REFERANSLARBasvuru sahibi tarafindan atif yapilan referanslara iliskin bu liste, yalnizca okuyucunun yardimi içindir ve Avrupa Patent Belgesinin bir kismini olusturmaz. Her ne kadar referanslarin derlenmesine büyük önem verilmis olsa da, hatalar veya eksiklikler engelleneinemektedirve EPO bu baglamda hiçbir sorumluluk kabul etmemektedir.Tarifname içerisinde atifta bulunulan patent dökümanlari:- us 5858240 A [0006] - us 4176022 A [0008] . GB 2395946 A [0007] . EP 1404614 A [0027] TR DESCRIPTION PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHLORINE OR SODIUM CHLORATEThe present invention relates to the process of preparing chlorine or sodium chlorate starting from an aqueous salt solution containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride and a polluting amount of polyvalent cations. Magnesium in aqueous salt solutions containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride from a natural source There are many anions and cations such as , calcium, strontium, iron and sulfate. Many of these anions and cations must be separated in the preparation process of salt and in the preparation of products for which salt is the raw material. To date, polyvalent ions such as calcium, magnesium, strontium, iron and/or sulfate are generally used as aqueous salt, except for a process that involves adding a large amount of soda and concentrated NaOH solution to an aqueous salt solution, passing the solution through various precipitation steps, then passing the aqueous salt solution through various evaporation processes. It was not possible to separate significant amounts from the solution. The relatively pure salt thus produced can be sold as is and forms a suitable raw material for other processes, especially those for the production of chlorine and chlorine-containing compounds such as sodium chlorate. In these production processes of chlorine-containing compounds, the salt is again dissolved in water and the chloride anions are reacted with the chlorine-containing compounds by an oxidation step, for example the electrolysis process. The above modern process for preparing chlorine-containing compounds reduces its economic appeal as it involves many steps requiring large reactors and precipitators. Additionally, large amounts of undesirable chemicals such as soda and caustic are required. In addition, since it has been realized that it is not possible to adequately purify aqueous salt solutions containing large amounts of impurities by the modern process, this modern process requires an aqueous salt solution that is not heavily contaminated as the starting material. In addition, polyvalent ions are extracted from the aqueous salt solution containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride. If it were possible to separate it to a large extent, there would be no need to first prepare a dried salt to dissolve it again in water for further processing in a later step. Again, if it were possible to substantially separate the polyvalent ions from an aqueous solution containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride, this aqueous solution would be of lower quality, i.e. contain a higher amount of undesirable polyvalent ions, but would still be suitable for the production of chlorine-containing compounds. Therefore, on the market, it is the most There is a need for a chlorine-containing compound preparation process in which polyvalent ions are largely separated by purifying an aqueous salt solution, especially concentrated brine, containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride, and this purified solution can yield a chlorine-containing compound upon further reaction. US 5,858,240, at least 50 g/l l describes a chlor-alkali process in which salt solutions containing sodium chloride are purified with a nanofiltration step to remove unwanted ions and then reacted with chlorine or sodium chlorate through an electrolysis step. However, the calcium and inagnesium accumulation described in this document is still open to development. In particular, as explained by these reference examples, calcium deposition decreases strongly when the amount of sodium chloride of the aqueous salt solution increases, reducing calcium deposition by 56.3% when the sodium chloride concentration is 139.6 g/l, and 56.3% when the sodium chloride concentration increases to 288.7 g/l. it is only 12.3%. Therefore, the purification step in which these undesirable ions are separated from the aqueous salt solution becomes increasingly difficult as the salt concentration increases, as the (unwanted) migration of calcium ions through the nanofiltration membrane with the purified salt solution increases greatly at higher salt concentrations. GB 2,395,946 relates to a process in which seawater is purified by taking the solution into the nanofiltration step. . Seawater is sent to a nanofiltration process where sulfate ions are rejected more than sodium ions or chloride ions. The permeate from the nanofiltration process is then sent to a thermal desalination process, increasing the sodium chloride concentration in the water. Finally, sodium chloride is precipitated in a crystallizer. The retentate obtained after the nanofiltration step can be discharged through a discharge port or sent to the mineral recovery process of components such as magnesium, sulfate or calcium. It is reported that in the nanofiltration process, the salt water concentration must be low enough to prevent calcium carbonate precipitation. GB 2,395,946 does not describe the nanofiltration of concentrated sodium chloride streams, i.e. aqueous salt solutions containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride. US 4,176,022 describes a method for electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anolyte compartment separated from the catholyte compartment by a semi-permeable barrier. said method by adding (i) alkaline brine containing calcium ion, (ii) a phosphate selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, sodium orthophosphate, sodium inetaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate and mixtures thereof, to said alkaline brine where X is F, Forming an insoluble precipitate with the stoichioinetric formula (CaXz) ' (Ca(PO4)2)3) selected from the group consisting of C1 and OH, (iii) separating the precipitate from brine, (iv) brine containing less than 20 parts per billion calcium ions It involves feeding water into the anolyte compartment of the cell and (V) passing an electric current through the cell. In summary, this reference describes a process for removing calcium from brine, wherein the additive added to the brine forms an insoluble stoichiometric complex with the calcium ions present and is then separated and discarded by filtration. As a result, this reference does not relate to a process in which the additive is recyclable, thus reducing the economic attractiveness of the process. Additionally, since nanofiltration membranes are susceptible to mechanical damage of the upper layer due to solid products in the cinnaline, the quinal described in US 4,176,022 has been found to be suitable for nanofiltration. We have found a process to prepare chlorine or sodium chloride, in which in one step calcium as well as polyvalent cations magnesium, strontium, iron The accumulation of polyvalent ions containing barium, aluminum or a mixture of two or more of these cations in aqueous solutions containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride is greatly increased, and the desired chlorine-containing compound can be obtained by direct reaction of the chloride anion in a subsequent step. In more detail, the invention is described in the attached claim 1. It provides a process for preparing chlorine or sodium chlorate with an aqueous salt solution containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride and at least 0.01 ppm polyvalent cations according to . The term "positive deposition enhancing component" refers to the addition of calcium and other polyvalent cations such as magnesium, strontium, iron, barium and/or aluminum to an aqueous solution, subjecting said solution to the nanofiltration step to reduce calcium deposition and, preferably, magnesium, strontium, iron, barium and aluminum. It refers to any additive that may cause an increase in the accumulation of one or more polyvalent cations selected from the group. The following test can be used to determine whether an additive is suitable for use as a positive accumulation enhancing component (PREC) in the process according to the present invention. A synthetic brine is prepared by dissolving 1,120 g of ultrapure sodium chloride purchased from Merck in 3,600 g of water. Then, 17.04 g NaZSO4 and 13.2 g CaClz are dissolved in synthetic salt water. The final brine, designated as synthetic brine, is fed to the DSS labstak M20 unit containing 0.036 1112 nanofiltration membrane Desal®5DK (purchased from GE/Osmonics). The membrane unit is operated at 30 bar pressure and 600 l/s cross flow rate. The unit is operated in total return mode for 1 hour (retentate and permeate are returned to the make-up chamber). Next, 50 ml of the permeate sample is collected and acidified and simultaneously diluted with nitric acid using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Emission Spectrometry (lCP-ES) and then the Ca concentration of the permeate and retentate sample is measured to detect CA accumulation. This is a futile experiment. In a second experiment, 300 ppm of the additive is added to the synthetic raw brine in question. If a precipitate forms, the additive is considered unsuitable for use as a PREC in the process according to the invention. If the formation of precipitate is not visible to the naked eye, the nanofiltration experiment described above is repeated. If at least a 5% absolute increase in Ca accumulation is observed compared to the blank experiment, the additive is considered a positive accumulation enhancing component. Surprisingly, when using the above process, name (iii) includes a process in which the same aqueous solution without the positive accumulation enhancing component is subjected to such a nanofiltration step. It was determined that an absolute increase of at least 5%, preferably 7%, and most preferably at least 10% was observed in calcium deposition compared to the previous study. An absolute increase in accumulation of at least 5% can be achieved for all aqueous salt solutions claimed, that is, for solutions containing a sodium chloride concentration of 100 g/l to a saturated or even supersaturated sodium chloride concentration. In a process in which an aqueous solution without a positive accumulation enhancing component is subjected to the nanofiltration step (i.e., if the calcium accumulation observed in the blank experiment is already between 90% and 97%), the use of the process according to the present invention will still lead to an increase in accumulation, although the absolute increase will be at least 1%. It has been noted that it will be less than 5%. It has been noted that if the calcium accumulation is above 97% in the blank experiment, an increase in accumulation can still be expected with the addition of the positive accumulation enhancing component, but this will no longer be of practical benefit. Preferably, the process according to the present invention, therefore, in the absence of the positive accumulation enhancing component It is used for a brine in which the calcium deposit is between 2% and 97%, more preferably between 4% and 90%, most preferably between 5% and 75%. Additionally, it is generally used for calcium deposits such as magnesium, strontium, iron, barium and/or aluminum in the aqueous salt solution. An increase in the accumulation of other polyvalent cations has also been noted, with the absolute increase in accumulation often exceeding 5%. The PREC is selected from the group of ecologically sound compounds: carboxylic or polycarboxylic acids, phosphinocarboxylic acids, polyacrylic acids, polymaleic acids, glucose, sucrose, sucrose or other sugars, and sodium gluconate. Most preferred is a PREC selected from the following group of large molecular compounds: preferably Phosphinocarboxylic acids used as 40% aqueous solution Belsperse® 164 purchased from Jianghai Chemical Co.; polymaleic acids, preferably used as a 50% aqueous solution DreWSperse® 747A purchased from Ashland Inc. To be effective (i.e., to achieve at least an absolute 5% increase in polyvalent cation calcium accumulation compared to the blank experiment), the total amount of PREC that must be added in process step (ii) according to the present invention is at least 15 ppm. Preferably, the total amount of PREC added in process step (ii) is at least 25 ppm, more preferably at least 35 ppm, and most preferably at least 50 ppm. Preferably, the total amount of PREC to be added in process step (ii) according to the present invention is less than 5000 ppm, more preferably less than 1000 ppm, more preferably less than 500 ppm and most preferably less than 350 ppm. PREC can be added to aqueous salt solution in pure form (solid or liquid) or as a solution in water. An additional advantage of the process according to the present invention is that the sulfate ions that may be present in the aqueous salt solution are also eliminated during the nanofiltration step, due to the generally good to excellent sulfate accumulation properties of the nanofiltration membranes suitable for use in the present process. He will leave. The low sulfate content of the purified aqueous salt solution (i.e. the permeate of step (iii) in the present process) has the following advantages. First, the electrolysis step is less affected by the presence of interfering sulfate ions. Secondly, the waste stream of the final oxidation step, that is, electrolysis, is greatly reduced. For example, in the chlorine production process, depleted brine is returned to the desalinator, resaturating the brine leaving the electrolyzers, preferably at a level of approximately 310 g/L. The disadvantage of the return flow of depleted brine in conventional processes is that impurities in the process will collect and require a discharge. Generally, the size of the waste stream is determined by the sulfate concentration in the depleted brine to be recycled. With the nanofiltration process according to the invention, the amount of sulfate in the solution subjected to the electrolysis step can be reduced compared to modern processes that do not include a nanofiltration step. Accordingly, the waste flow is reduced, making the process even more economically attractive. There is no need for a subsequent crystallization step or other perineate processes to achieve the polyvalent cation separation mentioned above. As a result of the above process, the purified aqueous salt solution resulting from step (iii) is a raw material of the purified aqueous salt solution. It is of such purity that it can be used directly in the next step (iV), that is, in the production of chlorine-containing compounds. Chlorine and sodium chlorate are among the chlorine-containing compounds prepared by the process according to the invention. Sodium chlorate, NaClO3, is a white, hygroscopic crystalline solid. The rapid increase in demand for sodium chlorate over the last decade is largely due to the introduction of chlorate-derived chlorine bleach into the pulp and paper industry. Its second main use is as an intermediate in the production of chlorates of other metals (e.g. potassium chlorate used in matches and explosives, baryuin chlorate used in fireworks, and calcium chlorate used as a herbicide). Other uses are as an oxidizing agent in metallurgical processes and as an additive in agricultural products and dyes. According to this invention, sodium chlorate is prepared by subjecting the permeate obtained in step (iii) of the invention process to a conventional electrolysis step to produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. Chlorine and sodium hydroxide react to form sodium hypochlorite, which is then converted to chlorate and chloride, as is generally known in the art, preferably under controlled pH and temperature conditions. Preferably, the permeate is first slightly acidified before undergoing electrolysis to produce sodium chlorate. In addition, the solution preferably contains small amounts of oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate to prevent the hydrogen liberated in electrolysis from reducing the chlorate. Again, as is generally known in the art, solid chlorate can be separated from cell waste by fractional crystallization.10 The most preferred method is the preparation of chlorine. According to this invention, chlorine is prepared by subjecting the permeate obtained in step (iii) of the invention process to an electrolysis step to produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, where the electrolysis step is preferably carried out in the electrolysis cell, as it is generally known in the art, to prevent the reaction between chlorine and caustic soda. It is designed as follows. The electrolysis step according to the invention includes electrolysis processes such as membrane electrolysis, diaphragm electrolysis, chlorate electrolysis and mercury electrolysis. Most preferably, this is a membrane electrolysis step. An optional polishing step can be implemented in the process according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, such an additional polishing step occurs between process steps (iii) and (iv). The polishing step may involve removing the last traces of polyvalent ions in the system by feeding the aqueous solution into the ion exchange process. In particular, when step (iv) includes a membrane electrolysis step, an additional ion exchange step between step (iii) and step (iv) is more preferred. It is noted that in the aqueous salt solution resulting from process step (iii) according to the invention, such a large amount of polyvalent ions are removed that the optional ion exchange step can be applied at very little chemical cost. Preferably, the aqueous salt solution in the processes of the present invention is at least 150 g/l, more preferably contains at least 200 g/l, more preferably at least 250 g/l, still more preferably at least 300 g/l sodium chloride; most preferably a saturated sodium chloride solution.11 In an alternative embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the sodium chloride concentration may be adjusted to be at least 100 g/l in a step following or simultaneously with the addition of at least one positive accumulation enhancing component to the aqueous solution and before the nanofiltration step (iii). It is noted that the term "salt source" as used throughout this document refers to all salts in which more than 25% by weight is NaCl. Preferably said salt contains more than 50% NaCl by weight. More preferably, the salt contains more than 75% NaCl by weight, while the salt containing more than 90% NaCl by weight is most preferred. Salt can be solar salt (salt obtained by evaporating water from salt water with sunlight), rock salt and/or underground salt deposits. When the salt source in question dissolves in water to give an aqueous salt solution containing at least 100 g/l sodium chloride, it contains a total amount of polyvalent cationic waste of at least 0.01 ppm. According to the present invention, one or more of the required positive accumulation enhancing components are added to the aqueous solution thus prepared. However, it is also possible to add PRECs to the salt source before the dissolution step or to water before the dissolution step. A combination of these procedures is also possible. Preferably, the salt source is an underground salt deposit used through dissolution mining. If the salt source is rock salt or sun salt, it is preferably transferred to the salt solvent, where water is added to prepare the aqueous salt solution according to the present invention. Water can be taken from any water source traditionally used for this purpose, such as well water or surface water.12 At least part of the retentate is returned to dissolution step (i). The salt is therefore returned to the solvent or underground salt deposit. Returning the retentate to the solvent or underground salt deposit has the following advantages. The aqueous salt solution captured by nanofiltration contains at least one positive accumulation enhancing component (PREC). Returning the retentate to the solvent thus reduces the amount of PREC to be added to that aqueous salt solution. Moreover, because polyvalent ionic impurities are significantly retained by the nanofiltration membrane, they accumulate in brine or underground salt deposits that are recycled back to the solvent. Finally, they reach their resolution limit and thus om. They are precipitated in the form of anhydrite or polyhalite at the bottom of the solvent or at the bottom of the underground salt bed cavern, where they can be easily removed with the sediment. In this arrangement, in order to further reduce the amount of waste in the salt source to be dissolved in the aqueous salt solution, the solvent or the underground salt bed is deposited into an or It is possible to add more than one conventional retarding agent. In another embodiment, the polyvalent cations include polyvalent cations of magnesium, strontin, iron, barium, aluminum, or two or more of these cations, in addition to calcium. In another embodiment, the contaminant amount of polyvalent cations in the aqueous solution to be retained in the nanofiltration step is less than 20,000 ppm and at least 0.01 ppm, more preferably less than 10,000 ppm, more preferably less than 4000 ppm, and most preferably less than 2000 ppm. . Preferably, the amount of contaminants is at least 0.1 ppm, more preferably at least 10 ppm, most preferably at least 100 ppm.13 In another embodiment of the processes according to the invention, the amount of calcium or magnesium in the aqueous salt solution to be retained in the nanofiltration step is less than 2000 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm. It is less than 1800 ppm, more preferably less than 1600 ppm, most preferably less than 1400 ppm. More preferably, the combined amount of calcium and magnesium is less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 2000 ppm. In another embodiment of the processes according to the invention, the amount of sulfate anions in the aqueous salt solution to be retained in the nanofiltration step is less than 75,000 ppm, preferably less than 50,000 ppm. more preferably less than 25,000 ppm, most preferably less than 10,000 ppm, and most preferably less than 8,000 ppm. As mentioned herein, the "nanofiltration membrane" placed in the membrane nanofiltration unit is designed to selectively remove divalent and other polyvalent anions. All conventional nanofiltration membranes having a molecular weight limit of at least 100 Da, preferably at least 150 Da, and having a molecular weight limit of not more than 25,000 Da, preferably not more than 000 Da, more preferably not more than 2500 Da, and most preferably not more than 1000 Da. It was noted that it was intended to show The nanofiltration system is preferably FilmTec® NF270 (The DOW Chemical Company), DESAL® SDK, DESAL® 5DL and DESAL® 5HL (all GE/Osmonics), NTR® 7250 (Nitto Denko Industrial Membranes) and AFC®-30 (PCI Membrane Systems LTD). It uses nanofiltration type semi-permeable membranes such as those sold as These and similar membranes suitable for use in the process according to the invention, during the treatment of a 1 g/L solution of MgSO4 in demineralized water in the process of complete recycling of all divalent anions, and in particular sulphate14 and carbonate, as shown by an observed accumulation of sulphate, are high at over 80% and preferably over 90%. While effectively removing some percentage, it permeates all monovalent anions, and especially chloride and bromide, through the membrane at a high percentage below 80% and preferably below 70% during the treatment of a 1 g/L NaCl solution in demineralized water in the process of complete reversal, as shown in chloride accumulation. . Tests with these solutions should be carried out at ambient temperature, at a membrane flux and crossflow rate between l/m2's and 30 l/m2's to avoid strong concentration polarization. Accumulations of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate in these tests can be detected by calibrated conductivity measurements. Although a nanofiltration type semipermeable membrane such as the membrane types mentioned above is preferred, other nanofiltration membranes with these high divalent ion scavenging properties are available on the market and can be used as an alternative. The process according to the present invention is better explained by the following examples. EXAMPLESIn the examples, the following definition is used: Accumulation = {l- (component concentration in permeate / component concentration in retentate)} product) and a 4-inch spiral-wound Desal® 5DK polyamide NF membrane (product by GE/Osmonics). The membrane modules were tested in parallel in a pilot unit operated at a cross-flow rate of approximately 3 m3/s per membrane module in continuous boost and drain operation mode. The mother liquor obtained from the sodium chloride crystallizer was added to the unit. The pH value of the mother liquid was reduced to pH 10.7 with concentrated (35%) HZSO4 solution. Additionally, the mother liquid is supplied by Ashland Inc. product, 202 ppm Drewsperse®747A, 50% aqueous polyinaleic acid solution was added and 10] ppm positive accumulation enhancing component was added. The final mother liquor sent to the membrane pilot unit contained, among others, 280 g/l NaCl, 0.25 meq/L calcium, 0.06 meq/L strontin and 1,190 meq/L SO4z. While the majority of the retentate was recycled to the membrane reinforcement line (cross-flow process), a concentration factor (ratio of fresh reinforcement flux to regulated retentate flux) of approximately 1.3 was achieved by arranging one portion of the retentate with the permeate. During membrane filtration at 32 bar pressure and 40°C, 99% calcium deposits and 88% strontium deposits were obtained for Desal® 5DK and NF®270. Comparative Example 2Two membrane types, flat NF®27O polyamide thin film NF membranes (DOW Chemical Company Another experiment was conducted using (from FilmTecTM) and flat Desal® SDK polyainide NF membranes (from GE/Osmonics). The membrane types were tested simultaneously in a DSS lab stack unit operated at a cross-flow rate of 600 L/s in continuous boost and discharge operation mode. A total of 0.144 in2 membrane surface area was placed. The mother liquor obtained from the sodium chloride crystallizer was added to the unit. The mother liquor pH was reduced to pH 10.8 with concentrated H2804 solution. No positive accumulation enhancing component has been added. The main liquid sent to the DSS unit contains, among others, 1,150 meq/L 8042', 296 g/l NaCl, 1.3 mg/l Caz` and 655 mg/l Br-. Membrane filtration was carried out at 50 bar pressure and 32°C temperature. While the majority of the retentate was recycled to the membrane reinforcement line (cross-flow process), a portion of the retentate was arranged with the perineates, yielding a concentration factor of approximately 1.3. The membranes showed calcium deposits below 32%. Comparative Example 3Another experiment was conducted using two membrane types, the flat NF®270 polyamide thin film NF membrane (from DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM) and the flat Desal® 5DK polyamide NF inebrane (from GE/Osmonics). . The membrane types were tested simultaneously in a DSS lab stack unit operated at a cross-flow rate of 600 L/s in total return mode (total retentate and permeates were returned to the membrane replenishment chamber). A total of 0.36 m2 membrane surface area was placed. Raw salt water obtained from the salt water source was given to the unit. No positive accumulation enhancing component has been added. The raw brine sent to the DSS lab stack unit contained, among others, 1.21 g/l 8042`, 273 g/l NaCl, 3.3 mg/l strontin, 10.3 mg/l magnesium and 494 mg/l Ca2+. 17Membrane filtration was carried out at 21 bar pressure and 22°C temperature. Desal® SDK and NF®27O exhibited calcium accumulations of 36% and 24%, respectively, and strontium accumulations below 59%. Magnesium accumulations of Desal® 5DK and NF®270 were found to be 68% and 66%, respectively. The sulfate accumulations of Desal® 5DK and NF®270 were found to be 94.2% and 95.9%, respectively. Example 4Two membrane types with membrane surface area of 7.6 m2 and 8.4 m2, respectively, 4-inch spiral wound NF®270 polyamide An experiment was conducted using a thin-film NF membrane (from DOW Chemical Company FilinTecTM) and a 4-inch spiral-wound Desal® SDK polyamide NF membrane (from GE/Osmonics). The membrane modules were tested in parallel in a pilot unit operated at a cross-flow rate of 3.1 m3/h and 2.6 m3/h for each membrane module of NF®270 and Desal® 5DK, respectively, in continuous boost and depletion operation mode. The mother liquor obtained from the sodium chloride crystallizer was added to the unit. The mother liquid pH value was reduced to pH 10.6 with concentrated (35%) HZSO4 solution. Additionally, 192 ppm of Drewsperse® 747A was added to the mother liquor, adding 96 ppm of positive build-up enhancing compound (see Example 1). The final mother liquor sent through the membrane pilot unit contained, among others, 280 g/l NaCl, 0.046 meq/L fully dissolved calcium and 1.125 meq/L 8042. While the majority of the retentate was recycled to the membrane reinforcement line (cross-flow process), a concentration factor (ratio of fresh18 reinforcement flux to regulated retentate flux) of approximately 1.3 and 1.2 was obtained for NF®270 and Desa1® SDK, respectively, by arranging one portion of the retentate through the perineate. During membrane filtration at 32 bar pressure and 34°C and 39°C temperature for NF®270 and Desal® 5DK, respectively, 96% and 97% calcium accumulation was achieved for Desal® 5DK and NF®270, respectively. Example 5Two membrane types, flat Another experiment was conducted using NF®270 polyamide thin film NF membrane (product of DOW Chemical Company FilmTecTM) and flat Desal® 5DK polyamide NF membrane (product of GE/Osmonics) and raw brine from the same source noted in Comparative Example 3. Additionally, 300 ppm of positive accumulation enhancing compound was added by adding 600 ppm of Drewsperse® 747A to the raw brine (see Example 1). The membrane types were tested simultaneously in a DSS lab stack unit operated at a cross-flow rate of 600 L/s in total return mode (total retentate and permeates were returned to the membrane replenishment chamber). A total of 0.216 m2 membrane surface area was placed. Raw brine obtained from the brine source was supplied to the unit. The raw brine sent to the DSS lab stack unit contained, among others, 1.11 g/l 8042, 289 g/l NaCl, 3.0 mg/l strontium, 10.1 mg/l magnesium and 490 mg/l Ca2+. Membrane filtration was carried out at 31 bar pressure and 21°C temperature. Desal® SDK and NF®270 exhibited calcium accumulations of 79% and 50%, respectively, strontium accumulations of 90% and 70%, and magnesium accumulations of 93% and 79%, respectively. Both membranes exhibited 0.6% chloride accumulation. Desal® 5DK and NF®270 exhibited 96.8% and 98.5% sulfate accumulation, respectively.19Comparative Example 6In Comparative Example 3, an electrolysis experiment was conducted using a laboratory membrane electrolysis cell with the permate produced as a make-up flux. Experiments were carried out with a constant 5A current between the anode and cathode. After approximately 3 hours, the electrolysis process was stopped as the potential difference across the membrane exceeded 4V. Example 7 An electrolysis experiment was conducted with the same electrolysis equipment and the same process conditions as described in Comparative Example 6, but now using the permeate produced in Example 5. After 6 hours of work, the laboratory project is still in progress and the potential difference across the membrane is below 4V. As evidenced by the above examples, the accumulation of calcium and strontin ions by the process according to the invention is greatly increased compared to processes without the addition of a positive accumulation enhancing component to the aqueous salt solution before being subjected to the nanofiltration step, and Therefore, the final aqueous salt solution can be used directly and conveniently for the reaction of chloride compounds with chlorine in the electrolysis process. 20REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTIONThis list of references cited by the applicant is for the aid of the reader only and does not form part of the European Patent Document. Although great attention has been paid to the compilation of references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO accepts no liability in this regard. Patent documents referred to in the specification:- us 5858240 A [0006] - us 4176022 A [0008] . GB 2395946 A [0007] .EP 1404614 A [0027] TR

TR2018/15516T 2005-02-18 2006-02-13 Chlorine or sodium chlorate preparation process. TR201815516T4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65407805P 2005-02-18 2005-02-18
EP05106573 2005-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TR201815516T4 true TR201815516T4 (en) 2018-11-21

Family

ID=36168369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TR2018/15516T TR201815516T4 (en) 2005-02-18 2006-02-13 Chlorine or sodium chlorate preparation process.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
HU (1) HUE041348T2 (en)
NO (1) NO344281B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1848661T (en)
TR (1) TR201815516T4 (en)
TW (1) TWI429590B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013001620A (en) * 2011-06-20 2013-01-07 Evatech Corp Weakly acidic hypochlorous acid and apparatus and method for preparing the same

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038365A (en) * 1975-12-03 1977-07-26 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Removal of low level hardness impurities from brine feed to chlorine cells
US4176022A (en) * 1978-04-27 1979-11-27 Ppg Industries, Inc. Removal of part per billion level hardness impurities from alkali metal chloride brines
EP1404614B1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2012-07-11 Akzo Nobel N.V. Retarding agents for preparing purified brine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200635857A (en) 2006-10-16
HUE041348T2 (en) 2019-05-28
NO344281B1 (en) 2019-10-28
TWI429590B (en) 2014-03-11
PT1848661T (en) 2018-11-09
NO20074051L (en) 2007-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NO341704B1 (en) Process for the preparation of salt
US20240116002A1 (en) Systems and methods for direct lithium hydroxide production
CN101397152A (en) Brine treatment method
US20100038231A1 (en) Process for recovering terephthalic acid
EP1848661B1 (en) Process to prepare chlorine or sodium chlorate
CA2584696C (en) Method for crystallizing soluble salts of divalent anions from brine
CA3109873A1 (en) An improved method for lithium processing
TR201815516T4 (en) Chlorine or sodium chlorate preparation process.
SK49793A3 (en) Process for preparing alkali metal chlorate (v) and device for its executing
US10337113B2 (en) Side stream removal of impurities in electrolysis systems
CN101119928A (en) Process for preparing chlorine-containing compounds
US4323436A (en) Purification of aqueous solution of potassium chloride
CN106517603A (en) Method for treating coal chemical industry strong brine
RU2347746C2 (en) Method of producing brine for electrolysis
US20240084461A1 (en) Method for Preparing Lithium Hydroxide, and Facility for Implementing the Method