SU992977A1 - Unit for vacuum heat treatment of elongated articles - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to the electrical engineering industry, in particular, to the field of vacuum electrothermal installations for the heat treatment (quenching in liquids) of long products of various materials.

The known vacuum unit for quenching, strengthening and soldering of products, having an electrically heated vertical chamber, a vacuum gate and a movable protective cap for the products, in which the products are heated in the heating located below, then transferred to a protective cap that moves and is supplied to various devices depending on heat treatment technology til

With such a plant design, it is practically not possible to heat treat dLin-dimensional (for example, up to 10 m) products, since moving and installing a protective cap is very complicated and will require considerable unjustified costs for its creation. The main disadvantage of this design is that the time required for products of great length from the heating chamber to the protective cap and moving and placing the latter to one of the positions of the device is so long that by the time it is lowered into

To any of the product baths, they will be cooled to a temperature at which quenching is impossible. The protective part or shields installed in the protective cap cannot prevent the product from cooling. In addition, the inert gas introduced into the hood to protect the products from oxidation will significantly speed up: the process of cooling the products during the movement of the collar. This design is suitable only for heating small items, followed by | 1 by accelerated cooling, not quenched in a protective cap 9 or in one of the cooling devices. The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a vacuum resistance electric furnace with a quenching tank, containing a heating chamber with a muffle installed in it and a mechanism for raising and lowering products and a self-propelled trolley with a quenching tank 2, a batch-type electric furnace ), therefore, has low productivity, is equipped with only one heating chamber. The design of the electric furnace cannot provide quenching of products in vacuum oil. When the products are lowered into the quenching tank in the upper layers, the quenching fluid heats up and a vapor jacket is formed on the surface of the product, which drastically reduces the quenching speed, impairs the uniformity and quality of processing. Such an electric furnace design does not allow the assembly of electric furnace components, in particular, a quenching tank and a muffle, so that the heated product does not contact with air. The main reason for this .; is that the muffle is fixed to the heating chamber with its upper part. The inevitability of the contact of the heated product with air leads to oxidation of the product, a decrease in the hardness of the hardened product and the depth of its quenching, and hence a sharp increase in the consumption of metal. The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity due to the continuous operation of the plant and the quality of the product being processed. This goal is achieved by the THAT installation for vacuum heat treatment of lengthy products, comprising a heating chamber with a muffle, a product transfer mechanism, a quenching tank, a self-propelled carriage, equipped with an additional heating chamber with a muffle, an overload mechanism, a storage chamber and a degassing chamber located on the self-propelled body at the same time, the quenching tank is made in the upper part with expansion and has the swirlers of the organization of the anti-rotational movement of the quenching medium. 74 In addition, the upper part of the heating chambers is molded in the form of a vacuum cap connected to the muffle by means of an elastic shutter. FIG. 1 shows the installation, side view; in fig. 2 - part of a self-propelled truck, side view; FIG. A-A, FIG. 2; in fig. cap with liquid shutter; in fig. 5 fastening muffle to the bottom; in fig. 6 - expanded part of the quenching tank with the mechanism; in fig. 7 is a section BB in FIG. 6. The electric furnace contains a heating chamber 1 and an additional heating chamber 2 mounted on the workshop floor, overloading means 3 for reloading the package with products before heating and after, a self-propelled carriage 4 for transporting the quenching tank 5, inside of which are located the swirlers 6 creating the rotational motion of the quenching fluid, and the pre-outgassing chamber 7 with a vacuum shutter 8 to shut off the chamber volume during the outgassing process and connect it with one of the muffles, and the means 9, in which the product 10 is stored and accumulated. Inside the heating chamber (for example 1) there is a muffle 11 fixed through the flange 12 to the bottom of the heating chamber, the ceramic stopper 13 reduces heat loss and prevents the flange from overheating. The heating chamber is overlapped on top by a vacuum cap 14, whose mechanism is located 15 for raising and lowering the load and elastic liquid gate 1b to compensate for the thermal lengthening of the muffle and hermetically seal the muffle volume from the volume of the heating chamber, since the vacuum in the muffle and the heating chamber is different. A vacuum shutter 17 is installed in the bottom of the muffle to ensure the tightness of the mufflers with the device 18 to ensure a reliable connection of the quenching tank and the preliminary degassing chamber to the muffle, as a result of displacement, they can be displaced from the vertical axis of the heating chambers using a clamping mechanism 19. Operation performed as follows. The product is packaged in the device 9, several packages are prepared, then the self-propelled carriage moves, installs the device 9 on the axis of the external transfer means 3, which captures one of the accumulated packages and raises it to the level of the site. The self-propelled carriage is moved and installed so that the pre-outgassing chamber 7 is installed along the axis of the transshipment means 3. The product bag 10 is lowered and installed in the pre-outgassing chamber 7 The shutter 8 is closed and the products are outdated by the vacuum means located on the self-propelled cart k ,. At the end of the degassing, the self-propelled cart, moving, installs the chamber 7 along the axis of the muffle 11 of the heating chamber t. The mechanism 19 is pressed clamping device 18 and they are sealed. The shutters 8 and 7 are opened and the mechanism 15 for raising and lowering the charge descends, seizes the package with the products 10, lifts it into the muffle 1 1. The shutter 17 is closed and the chamber 1 is turned on for heating. Self-propelled to the trolley It is mounted and mounts the device 9 along the axis of the external transfer means. 3, the sweat, the latter captures the package with the products 10 and installs it in the out-leaving chamber. The shutter B is closed; chamber 7 is degassing. At the end of the NII, the chamber 7 is installed along the axis of the muffle 11 of the heating chamber 2. The clamping mechanism 19 is turned on and the device 18 tightly connects them. The shutters B and 17 are opened and the mechanism 15 for lifting the cage of the chamber 2. lowers, seizes the bag with the products 10 and lifts it into the muffle 11 of the chamber 2. The shutter 17 is closed and the heating chamber 2 is turned on for heating. In the process of heating, the muffle 11 is lengthened, its elongation is compensated by an elastic or liquid shutter 16 installed in cap N. The self-propelled carriage again installs device 9 along the axis of external transfer means 3, the bag rises up and the pre-outgassing chamber is installed in place of device 9 7 into which the product bag 10 is inserted. The shutter B is closed. And the chamber 7 is degassing. At the end of heating in the chamber 1, the self-propelled carriage k 9 76 moves and installs the quenching tank 5 along the axis of the muffle 11 of the heating chamber 1, turns on the pressing mechanism 19 and the device 18 tightly connects the quenching tank 5 to the muffle 11. The mixing swirlers 6 turn on, the shutter 17 opens and the package with the products 10 is lowered into the quenching tank, the mechanism 15 for raising and lowering the charge is disengaged with the package and rises up, the shutter 17 is closed, the mechanisms 6 are turned off. The quenching tank 5 with the help of the trolley U is installed along the axis of the transshipment means 3, the latter lifting the package with the products 10 upwards. In place of the quenching back, a device is placed for accumulation and packaging 9, where means 3 are used to install a package with quenched products. Next, the muffle 11 of the chamber 1 is reloaded, and from the muffle 11 of the chamber 2, the product bag is fed into the quenching tank 5 and then into the device 9. Thus, the continuity of the entire heat treatment cycle is achieved. Depending on time. Neither the heating unit can be equipped with a third heating chamber. The supply of an electric furnace with an additional heating chamber, external overloading means, as well as a device for accumulating and packing and a pre-outgassing chamber, which are mounted on a self-propelled carriage for moving them, and alternately tightly connecting the chamber and quenching tank to the muffles, while the quenching tank is made in the upper parts enlarged to increase the volume of quenching fluid and install swirls in it of the converters created by the counter-rotational motion of the quenching fluid. reduce material consumption by increasing the strength of the products being processed, increase the plant capacity, improve product quality due to uniform charging, which is provided by the anti-rotational motion of the quenching fluid, simplify the design of the heating chamber and increase the reliability of its work by reducing muffle to the introduction of a vacuum count j-pack with an elastic or liquid seal. For quenching in vacuum electric furnaces as a liquids. 7 and inert gases, the necessary condition is the time during which the products fall into the quenching liquid, and the state of the caking liquid. When lowering into a quenching tank, for example, pipes with Hume length, each surface of the pipe, the passage of the first layers of liquid, is quenched, but the passage through the first layers, the pipes give off heat to the liquid and its temperature increases, and around the pipe a so-called steam jacket is formed the surface of the pipes and the surface of the fluid in contact with the pipes. In this case, the long tube is quenched at different speeds and uniformity. To eliminate this drawback, the volume of liquid in the upper part of the quenching tank must be increased and mechanisms must be installed to create a counter-rotational movement of the quenching fluid. In this way, the steam jacket is knocked down, the liquid is intensively moved and the quench liquid is maintained at almost constant temperature. The shortest time is achieved by installing a four-speed engine. When conducting quenching, the quenching tank should be either at the bottom of the installation or at the side, and the heating chamber at the top also contributes to achieving less time for the supply of products to the quenching tank; A horizontal type electric furnace can be used; however, when pipes are lowered into the quenching liquid, the latter is unevenly supplied inside the pipe, therefore the inner surface is practically not quenched, especially for pipes with a small internal diameter. To create a vertical furnace, it is necessary for the quenching tank to move, which will reduce the height (1 hour and one third, the lower part of the muffle would be fixed to ensure docking with the quenching tank. THEREFORE the muffle is attached to the bottom of the heating chamber. Upper part of the muffle remains loose, so thermal mulling of the muffle is significant. To compensate for this lengthening, an elastic or liquid shutter is put in. Moreover, this bolt covers the muffle volume from the heating chamber because the vacuum in the muffle is large it is deep, and a vacuum is created in the heating chamber ONLY for ;; ensuring reliability of the muffle. Such an embodiment of the structure as a whole allows to create an installation with high performance, minimal manufacturing and installation costs, easily serviced, with mechanization and automation of the technological process, fully ensuring the process of quenching with obtaining high-quality products, which in turn ensures high surface hardness of the products, and hence reduced material consumption . 1. Installation for vacuum heat treatment of long products, comprising a heating chamber with a muffle, a product transfer mechanism, a quenching tank and a self-propelled carriage, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity due to the continuous operation of the installation and the quality of the product being processed, a heating chamber with a muffle, an overload mechanism, a hopper and a degassing chamber, which are located on a self-propelled carriage, while the quenching tank is made in the upper part of the It has a swirler to organize a counter-rotational motion of the quenching medium. 2. Installation. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the heating chambers is made in the form of a vacuum cap connected to the muffle by means of an elastic shutter. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Patent of France H 2159511, l. C 21 D 9/00, 1978. 2. Drawing of the fPSHT electric hob. 101.273 / 1967, VNIIETO.

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Claims (2)

Claim 1. Installation for vacuum heat treatment of long products, containing a heating chamber with a muffle, a mechanism for moving products, order I tank and self-propelled trolley, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity due to the continuous operation of the installation and the quality of the processed product, it is equipped with an additional heating chamber with a muffle, an overload mechanism, a drive and a degassing chamber, which are located on the self-propelled trolley, the quenching tank is made expanding in the upper part and has swirls for organizing the oncoming rotation of the quenching medium. 2. Installation> according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the heating chambers is made in the form of a vacuum cap connected to the muffle by means of an elastic shutter.