SU962313A1

SU962313A1 - Method for processing furcoat sheepskins

Info

Publication number: SU962313A1
Application number: SU813263547A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Борис Севостьянович Григорьев; Николай Васильевич Сергеев; Алексей Николаевич Беседин; Яков Вульфович Эпштейн
Original assignee: Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Меховой Промышленности
Priority date: 1981-03-24
Filing date: 1981-03-24
Publication date: 1982-09-30

Description

Изобретение относится к меховой промышленности и может быть использовано при переработке грубошерстных шубных овчин с рыхлой, слабой кожевой тканью и шерстным покровом, склонным к свойлачиванию. В процессе обработки таких овчин наблюдается значительная обрывность кожевой ткани, усилие отдушистости, свойлачиваемость волосяного , покрова, что ухудшает качество полуфабриката и приводит к потерям его площади.The invention relates to the fur industry and can be used in the processing of coarse fur coat sheepskin with loose, weak leather and wool, prone to shedding. In the process of processing such sheepskin, there is a significant breakage of the skin tissue, an increase in perfume, self-sustainability of the hair and skin, which worsens the quality of the semi-finished product and leads to the loss of its area.

Известен способ обработки овчин с рыхлой, слабой и отдушистой кожевой тканью с применением в процессе дубления циркониевого дубителя (1J,A known method of treating sheepskin with loose, weak and perfumed leather fabric using in the process of tanning a zirconium tanning agent (1J,

Недостатком данного способа является то, что он не позволяет получить овчины с мягкой, ’⁵пластичной кожевой тканью. Кроме того, при обработке по этому способу происходит значительная усадка площади овчин.The disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow to obtain sheepskin with a soft, ' ⁵ plastic leather fabric. In addition, when processing by this method, significant shrinkage of the sheepskin area occurs.

Наиболее близок к предлагаемому по технической сути и достигаемому эффекту способ обработки шубных овчин, включающий мездрение, обезжиривание, дубление, нейтрализацию, крашение, сушку и откатку с использованием влажных опилок. Обработка овчин по известной технологии предусматривает последовательное проведение процессов отмоки (1-й и 2-й), мездрения, обезжиривания шерстного покрова, промывок (1-ой и 2-ой), пикелевания, дубления хромовым дубителем, жирования, нейтрализации, крашения, сушки, откатки 1-ой с опилками влажностью 30%, цикла разбивочных операций, подсушки, откатки 2-ой, раз- _ бивки, чески, стрижки и т. д. (2].The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is a method for treating fur sheepskins, including coiling, degreasing, tanning, neutralizing, dyeing, drying and rolling using wet sawdust. Sheepskin processing according to the well-known technology involves sequentially carrying out the processes of soaking (1st and 2nd), curing, degreasing of the coat, washing (1st and 2nd), pickling, tanning with a chrome tanning agent, fatliquoring, neutralizing, dyeing, drying , first haulage with sawdust with a moisture content of 30%, a cycle of breakdown operations, drying, second haulage, breakdown, hair, haircut, etc. (2].

Недостатками указанной технологии являются большая трудоемкость и значительное водопотребление процессов, большое число жидкостных и откатных операций, что вызывает свойлачиваемость шерстного покрова, образование плешин, повышает обрывность овчин, снижает качество полуфабриката.The disadvantages of this technology are the high complexity and significant water consumption of the processes, a large number of liquid and recoil operations, which causes cohesiveness of the coat, the formation of bald patches, increases the breakage of sheepskins, and reduces the quality of the semi-finished product.

Ц ель изобретения - повышение сортности овчин, увеличение выхода по площади готовых' ₂₀ шкур й''интенсификация процесса.C spruce invention - increase the grade of sheepskins, increased output of finished area 'skins ₂₀ y''intensifikatsiya process.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что согласно способу обработки шубных овчин, включающему мездрение, обезжиривание, дубление, нейтрализацию, крашение, сушку и откатку с использованием влажных опилок, дубление шкур проводят перед обезжириванием хромоциркониевым дубителем при концентрации 4-5 r/л в пересчете на сумму оксидов хрома и циркония, процесс обезжиривания сьвмеща- ₅ют с нейтрализацией овчин и ведут его раствором неионогенного поверхностно—активного вещества с концентрацией 2-4 г/л при 5060°С в течение 30—60 мин, а при откатке опилки влажностью 10—12% добавляют за 20— ю ,30 Мин до окончания процесса.This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of treating fur sheepskins, including coating, degreasing, tanning, neutralizing, dyeing, drying and rolling using wet sawdust, tanning of skins is carried out before degreasing with chrome-zirconium tanning agent at a concentration of 4-5 r / l in terms of the amount chromium oxides, and zirconium, degreasing process was svmescha- ₅ and the neutralization sheepskins lead with a solution of a nonionic surfactant with a concentration of 2-4 g / l at 5060 ° C for 30-60 min, while hauling sawdust vla with a yield of 10-12% is added for the 20th, 30 minutes before the end of the process.

Проведение дубления овчин сразу после мездрения позволяет предотвратить возможность появления теклости шерстного покрова овчин 15 и образования плешин, а осуществление дубления хромциркониевым дубителем сокращает продолжительность дубления на 6—8 ч, повышает степень продубленности, наполненности кожевой ткани и ее прочностные показатели. 20 Совмещение обезжиривания овчин после дубле·¹ния неионогенным поверхностно-активным веществом с нейтрализацией позволяет не только осуществить обезжиривание шерстного покрова и нейтрализацию кожевой ткани, но 25 и исключить необходимость проведения 1-ой и 2-ой промывок после обезжиривания,Carrying out tanning of sheepskins immediately after meninges prevents the possibility of the appearance of watery coat of sheepskin 15 and formation of bald patches, while tanning with chrome zirconia tanning agent reduces tanning by 6-8 hours, increases the degree of penetration, fullness of skin tissue and its strength characteristics. 20 Combining the degreasing of sheepskin after tanning · ^{1 with a} nonionic surfactant with neutralization allows not only degreasing the coat and neutralizing the skin tissue, but 25 and eliminating the need for the first and second washing after degreasing,

Совмещение откатки в один прием и проведение ее в начальной стадии без опилок позволяет резко снизить закат шерстного покрова зд и трудоемкость процесса, а введение cfi/хих опилок влажностью 10-12% способствует не только качественному проведению процесса откатки, но и подсушки кожевой ткани, что дает возможность эффективно провести разбивочные^ операции после откатки, сократить из цикла обработок 2-ую подсушку и последующие чески и разбивочные операции. Осуществление предлагаемого способа обработки шубных овчин позволяет значительно снизить трудоемкость и водопотребление при обработке овчин, повысить качество и выход площади вырабатываемого полуфабриката.Combining the haulage in one step and carrying it out at the initial stage without sawdust can dramatically reduce the sunset of the coat and the laboriousness of the process, and the introduction of cfi / hi sawdust with a moisture content of 10-12% contributes not only to the quality of the haulage process, but also to drying the skin tissue, which makes it possible to effectively carry out the alignment operations after the rollback, to reduce the second drying from the cycle of treatments and the subsequent clean and alignment operations. Implementation of the proposed method for processing fur coat sheepskins can significantly reduce the complexity and water consumption in the processing of sheepskins, improve the quality and yield of the area produced by the semi-finished product.

При температуре ниже 50°С обезжиривание протекает крайне медленно, а повышение температуры свыше 60°С (например, 62—70°С) мо- ⁴⁵жет вызвать опасность сваривания, кожевой тка- . ни полуфабриката. Изменение концентрации неионогенного ПАВ ниже 2 r/л требует значи тельного увеличения продолжительности обезжиривания, при повышении же концентрации свыше 4 г/л вследствие чрезмерного удаления.At temperatures below 50 ° C degreasing proceeds extremely slowly, and the temperature rise above 60 ° C (e.g., 62-70 ° C) MO ⁴⁵ Jet cause danger welding, Tkachev of leather. not a semi-finished product. Changing the concentration of nonionic surfactant below 2 r / L requires a significant increase in the duration of degreasing, while increasing the concentration above 4 g / L due to excessive removal.

жира с поверхности шерстного покрова появляется сухость и ломкость волоса. Применение опилок влажностью 10—12% позволяет получить полуфабрикат в конце откатки влажностью 20-22%, достигаемой по известной технологии после 1-ой подсушки и тем самым исключить из технологии 2-ую подсушку.fat from the surface of the coat appears dry and brittle hair. The use of sawdust with a moisture content of 10-12% makes it possible to obtain a semi-finished product at the end of haulage with a moisture content of 20-22%, achieved by known technology after the first drying and thereby eliminating the second drying from the technology.

Пример 1. Овчины каракульской породы овец мокросоленого способа консервирования подвергают отмотке 1-ой и 2-ой, мездрению, совмещенному пикелеванию-дублениюжированию при содержании хромциркониевого дубителя из расчета на сумму оксидов хрома и циркония 5 г/л, затем обезжиривают одновременно с процессом нейтрализации кожевой ткани овчин при 50°С в растворе, содержащем 4 г/л неионогенного ПАВ (ОП—10) и 4 г/л гипосульфита в течение 1 ч, после чего красят , в коричневый цвет красителем кислотно—коричневым ’’К” для кожи. После сушки овчины увлажняют, подвергают откатке в барабане в течение 1,5 ч с добавлением опилок влажностью 10% за 30 мин до конца откатки, проводят цикл разбивочных операций, подсушку 1-ую и далее разбивочные операции.Example 1. Sheepskins of Karakul sheep of the wet-salted preservation method are subjected to unwinding of the 1st and 2nd, meshes, combined pickling-tanning with a content of chrome zirconium tanning agent based on the amount of chromium and zirconium oxides 5 g / l, then degreased simultaneously with the neutralization process of the skin sheepskin tissue at 50 ° C in a solution containing 4 g / l of nonionic surfactant (OP-10) and 4 g / l of hyposulfite for 1 h, after which they are dyed brown with an acid-brown “K” dye for the skin. After drying, the sheepskin is moistened, rolled in a drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 10% 30 minutes before the end of the rollback, a cycle of alignment operations is carried out, the first and further alignment operations are dried.

' Пример 2. Овчины шубные степные среднеазиатских районов заготовок обрабатывают аналогично примеру 1. Дубление проводят хромциркониевым дубителем из расчета 43 г/л. Обезжиривание совмещают с нейтрализацией овчин после дубления в растворе, содержащем 2 г/л неионогенного ПАВ (превоцелл W-OF100) и 4 г/л гипосульфита при 55°С в течение 45 мин. После сушки и увлажнения овчины подвергают откатке в барабане в течение 1,5 ч с добавлением опилок влажностью 12% за 25 мин до конца откатки. Далее обработку осуществляют- аналогично примеру 1, Пример 3. Овчины, заготовленные в районах Кавказа, обрабатывают аналогично примеру 1. Дубление проводят хромцирконие вым дубителем из расчета 4,0 г/л. Обезжиривание и нейтрализацию овчин осуществляют при 60°С в растворе, содержащем 3 г/л неионогенного ПАВ и 4 г/л гипосульфита в течение 30 мин. Откатку овчин проводят в барабане в течение 1,5 ч с добавлением опилок влажностью 11% за 20 мин до конца процесса. Далее следует цикл разбивочных операций; подсушка 1 ая, разбивка, ческа, стрижка. Выделанные овчины направляют на покрывное крашение с последующим тиснением кожевой ткани.'Example 2. Sheepskin fur coats of the Central Asian regions of the blanks are treated analogously to example 1. Tanning is carried out with chrome-zirconium tanning agent at a rate of 43 g / l. Degreasing is combined with the neutralization of sheepskins after tanning in a solution containing 2 g / l of nonionic surfactant (Precell W-OF100) and 4 g / l of hyposulfite at 55 ° C for 45 minutes. After drying and moistening, the sheepskin is rolled in the drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 12% 25 minutes before the end of the rolling. Further processing is carried out, as in Example 1, Example 3. Sheepskins harvested in the Caucasus regions are treated in the same way as in Example 1. Tanning is carried out with chrome zirconium tanning agent at a rate of 4.0 g / l. Sheepskin is degreased and neutralized at 60 ° C in a solution containing 3 g / l of nonionic surfactant and 4 g / l of hyposulfite for 30 minutes. Sheepskin is rolled back in the drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 11% 20 minutes before the end of the process. The following is a series of breakdown operations; drying 1st, breakdown, cheska, haircut. Crafted sheepskins are sent for cover dyeing, followed by embossing of the leather fabric.

Во всех примерах обработки необходимость проведения 1-ой и 2-ой промывок после обезжиривания, 2-ой откатки, 2-ой подсушки'и цикла разбивочных операций после 2-ой подсушки исключена.In all processing examples, the need for conducting the 1st and 2nd washes after degreasing, the 2nd rollback, the 2nd drying and the cycle of breakdown operations after the 2nd drying is excluded.

Контрольные овчины обрабатывают известным способом обработки шубных овчин.The control sheepskin is treated in a known manner for the treatment of fur sheepskin.

Выделанные овчины по предлагаемому способу по сравнению с контрольными имеют больший выход площади на 1—1Л % и большую сортность на 0,8 -13%, более высокий предел прочности при разрыве на 2-5 МПа. Кроме того, при обработке по предложенному способу сокращается расход воды на 27 м³ на обработ, 5 ку 1000 шт овчин, а также трудоемкость обработки за счет сокращения промывок овчин, совмещения обезжиривания и нейтрализации, исключения 2-ой откатки, 2-ой подсушки, чесок и разбивок. SCrafted sheepskins according to the proposed method, compared with the control ones, have a larger area yield of 1-1L% and a greater grade of 0.8 -13%, a higher tensile strength at break of 2-5 MPa. In addition, when processing according to the proposed method, water consumption is reduced by 27 m ³ for processing, 5 ku 1000 pieces of sheepskin, as well as the complexity of processing by reducing flushing of sheepskins, combining degreasing and neutralization, eliminating the second rollback, the second drying, garlic and breakdowns. S

Экономическая эффективность от внедрения предлагаемой технологии составит 7 руб. 67 коп. на 1000 дм² выделанных овчин.The economic efficiency from the implementation of the proposed technology will be 7 rubles. 67 kopecks per 1000 dm ² dressed sheepskin.

Claims

The invention relates to fur nesing and can be used in the processing of coarse wool sheepskins with loose, weak leather fabric and wool cover, prone to splaying. During the processing of such sheepskins, a significant breakage of the leather fabric, the force of a scented breath, and the ability of the hair to coat are observed, which degrades the quality of the semi-finished product and leads to a loss of its area. A known method of treating sheepskins with loose, weak, and perfumed leather fabric using zirconium tanning in the tanning process. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow to obtain soft plastic leather fabric. In addition, when processing by this method there is significant shrinkage of sheepskins. Closest to the proposed, according to the technical essence and the achieved effect, method of treating fur coats of sheepskins, including medulation, degreasing, tanning, neutralization, staining, drying and crocheting. wet sawdust. Processing sheepskins according to the well-known technology provides for the sequential carrying out of the processes of soaking (1st and 2nd) intestines, degreasing of wool, rinsing (1st and 2nd), pickling, tanning with chrome tanning agent, fattening, neutralizing, dyeing, drying, haulage 1st with sawdust moisture 30%, cycle of centering operations, drying, hauling 2nd, splitting, ches, cutting, etc. 12. The disadvantages of this technology are the large labor intensity and significant water consumption of processes, a large number of liquid and recoiling operations that causes wool coat covering, the formation of bald patches, increases sheepskin breakage, reduces the quality of the semi-finished product. The purpose of the invention is to increase the quality of sheepskins, to increase the yield of ready-made skins and intensified prodess. This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of treating fur sheepskins, which include fleshing, degreasing, tanning, neutralizing, dyeing, drying and haulage 3-9 using wet sawdust, tanning of skins is carried out before degreasing with chromoscopy tanning agent at a concentration of 4-5 g / l in terms of the amount of chromium and zirconium oxides, the degreasing process is combined with the sheepskins neutralization and is carried out with a solution of a non-ionic surfactant with a concentration of 2-4 g / l at 50-60 ° C for 30-60 m. sawdust 10-12% moisture was added over 2030 to Ming okonchashm process. Carrying out tanning of sheepskins immediately after the excnection allows to prevent the appearance of sheepskin wool coat and the formation of bald patches, and the exudality of tanning with chromic zirconium tanning material reduces the length of tanning for 6–8 hours, increases the degree of oblivion, the fullness of the leather and its strength properties. Combining sheepskins after duplicate with non-ionic, surface-active with neutralization allows not only to degrease the coat and neutralize the leather, but also to eliminate the need for carrying out the 1st and 2nd washes after degreasing. Combining the haulage at one time and carrying it out in the initial stage without sawdust makes it possible to drastically reduce the decline of wool and the laboriousness of the process, and the introduction of O1SLOCK with a moisture content of 10-12% contributes not only to the quality of the haulage process, but also to drying the leather, which gives the ability to effectively carry out the alignment: operations after haulage, reduce the 2nd drying from the cycle of treatments and the subsequent cleavage and alignment operations. The implementation of the proposed method for treating sheepskins allows significantly reducing labor intensity and water consumption during sheepskin processing, improving the quality and yield of the area of the semi-finished product produced. At temperatures below 50 ° C, degreasing proceeds extremely slowly, and an increase in temperature above 60 ° C (self-drying, 62-70 ° C) can cause a danger of welding, leather im semi-finished product. A change in the concentration of non-ionic surfactant below 2 g / l requires a significant increase in the duration of degreasing, while increasing the concentration over 4 g / l due to excessive removal of fat from the surface of the hair coat, the hair becomes dry and brittle. The use of sawdust with a moisture content of 10–12% makes it possible to obtain a semi-finished product at the end of haulage with a moisture content of 20–229, achieved by a known technology after the 1st drying and thus excluding drying from the 2-yio technology. Example 1. Sheep sheepskins of the karakul breed of sheep with a wet-salted method of preservation are subjected to unwinding of the 1st and 2nd, disdaining, combined pickling-tanning at the content of chrome-zirconium tanning based on the amount of chromium and zirconium oxides 5 g / l, then degreased simultaneously with the neutralization process Sheepskin leather at 50 ° C in a solution containing 4 g / l of non-ionic surfactant (OP-10) and 4 g / l of hyposulphite for 1 h, after which the B brown color is dyed with an acid brown K for the skin . After drying, the sheepskin is moistened, subjected to haulage in the drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 10% 30 minutes before the end of the haulage, a cycle of alignment operations, drying of the 1st and further alignment operations are carried out. Example 2. Sheepskins for the steppe steppe of the Central Asian regions are treated as in Example 1. Tanning is carried out using chrome-zirconium tanning agent at a rate of 4.5 g / l. Degreasing is combined with neutralization of sheepskins after tanning in a solution containing 2 g / l of non-ionic surfactant (Prevocell W-OF100) and 4 g / l of hyposulfite at 55 ° C for 45 minutes. After drying and wetting, sheepskin is subjected to haulage in the drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 12% 25 minutes before the end of the haulage. Further processing is carried out analogously to example 1, Example 3. Sheepskins, harvested in areas of the Caucasus, are treated similarly to example 1. Tanning is carried out using chrome-zirconium tanning material at the rate of 4.0 g / l. Degreasing and neutralizing ovsn is carried out at. 60 ° C in a solution containing 3 g / l of non-ionic surfactant and 4 g / l of hyposulphite for 30 minutes. The sheepskins were hauled in the drum for 1.5 hours with the addition of sawdust with a moisture content of 11% 20 minutes before the end of the process. This is followed by a cycle of alignment operations; Drying 1 a, breakdown, combing, haircut. Dedicated sheepskins are sent for top dyeing with subsequent embossing of leather. In all processing examples, the necessity of conducting the 1st and 2nd washing after degreasing, the 2nd hauling, the 2nd drying and the cycle of alignment operations after the 2nd drying is excluded. Control ov.chiny treated with a known method of processing fur coats. The selected sheepskins of the proposed method as compared with the controls have a greater area yield by 1-1.5% and a higher grade by 0.8 -13%, a higher tensile strength at break by 2-5 MPa. In addition, when processing by the proposed method, water consumption is reduced by 27 g, for processing 1000 pieces of sheepskins, as well as the complexity of processing due to the reduction of sheepskin washes, combining degreasing and neutralizing, eliminating the 2nd haul, 2nd drying, scrubbing and breakdowns . The economic efficiency from the implementation of the proposed technology will be 7. 67 to per 1000 dm of sheepskins. Claims method of treating deer sheepskins, including fleshing, degreasing, tanning, neutralizing, dyeing, drying and hauling using wet sawdust, characterized in that, in order to increase the grade of OECH1, increase the area yield {READY hides and intensify the process, tanning hides before the degreasing with chrome-zirconium tanning agent at a concentration of 4-5 g / l in terms of the amount of chromium oxides and circus (w, the degreasing process (x contain neutralization of sheepskins with a solution of non-ionic surface a tao-active substance with a concentration of 2–4 g / l at 5060 ° С for a min, and when rolling back with a moisture content of 10–12% is added 2030 min before the end of the process. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Leather and footwear industry, 1973, N 6, pp. 35-38.

2. One technologist; processing fur coat sheepskin. M., TsNIITEEIlegprom, 1973. (prototype).