SU926487A1 - Furnace for coarse materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to equipment for the processing of crushed material, namely, glass melting furnaces.

A device for melting ⁵ finely divided raw mixes is known, which is a furnace containing vortex chambers, a preliminary melting and separation chamber located above them, in the upper part of which there are burners and feed chute, as well as a bath for melt. For venting exhaust gases in the end walls of the vortex chambers, central openings Γΐ71 are made. The disadvantages of the known device are the need to increase the dimensions of the furnace for melting coarsely dispersed material and, in particular, the height of the vertical channel where the main melting of the material occurs, which, in turn, leads to an increase specific fuel consumption, heterogeneity of the melt as a result of frequency lack of penetration of the material.

Closest to the invention in technical essence and the expected positive effect is a device for melting a finely ground charge, which is a furnace containing vortex chambers, a vertical chamber located above them. a measure of preliminary melting and separation, in the upper part of which there are burners and feed chute, as well as a bath for melt. For the exit of exhaust gases in the end walls of the vortex chambers, central holes are made. Water-cooled lances with channels for additional input of oxidizer fuel and additives are mounted above the melt bath, which ensures heating of the melt and its intensive mixing, contributing to the melting of the coarsely dispersed part of the charge G2].

the pre-floatation vertical located above it, burners are placed in the upper part,

Thus, the presence of water-cooled tuyeres ensures the melting of coarse materials with obtaining high-quality melt, increasing furnace productivity and reducing specific fuel consumption. However, and. this does not solve the problem of achieving high performance furnaces for melting coarse materials, since furnaces containing a vortex chamber are characterized by increased entrainment of melt particles with exhaust gases. In addition, the furnaces have a small bath volume for the melt, which leads to fluctuations in the chemical composition of the melt.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the furnace for melting coarse-grained material, containing a vortex chamber, hot laziness and which has a heat, and also a bath for the melt, is equipped with an additional separation device made in the form of two coaxially mounted cyclones connected by a cylinder, and the lower cyclone communicated tangentially located gas supply pipe with a vortex chamber, and the upper cyclone is equipped with an air supply tangential pipe, while the gas supply and air supply pipes are installed with mations oppositely directed gas streams.

In FIG. 1 shows an oven, general view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 “section BB in FIG. 2 (section of the vortex chamber).

The furnace for melting coarse particulate material contains a vortex chamber 1 with a vertical chamber 2 for preliminary melting and separation, in the upper part of which there are burners 3 and feed chute 4. The furnace is equipped with an additional separation device 5, consisting of two coaxially arranged cyclones 6 and 7 connected interconnected by a cylinder 8. The cyclone 6 is equipped with a gas supply pipe 9 connecting the cyclone 6 with the vortex chamber 1. The melt bath 10 is located in the lower part of the cyclone 6. The cyclone 7 is equipped with a tangential pipe 11 for air supply and axial gas outlet 12,

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926487 4 by means of which a pneumatic heater 13 is connected in series to a cyclone 7, including a lifting tube 14, a horizontal cylinder 15 and a lowering pipe 16, an anticyclone 17 and a discharge duct 18. The cyclone 7 is also equipped with a torch torch 19 · The furnace contains an air heater 20 of two blocks 21 and 22 and rotoclone 23 · For the material there is a hopper 24 with a feeder 25, and for supplying air and gases, fans 26 - 28. The furnace is equipped with a melt porosity chamber 29 having a burner 30, a gate 31. and a porous nozzle 32.

The furnace operates as follows.

The material from the hopper 24 is fed by a feeder 25 to the pneumatic heater 13, where, passing through the lift pipe '14, horizontal cylinder 15 and lower tube 16, it is heated and released from the flow in the anticyclone 17 · At the same time, the purified gases from the anticyclone. 17 are fed through the exhaust gas duct 18 to the blocks 21 and 22 of the air heater 20, and the hot material through the feed chute 4 enters the vertical chamber 2 of preliminary melting and separation, where melting occurs in the opposing jets of the compressible fuel supplied through the burner 3. The oxidizing agent is the hot air from the block 21 of the air preheater 20 supplied by the fan. 26. The remaining gases after wet cleaning in the rotocpon 23 are heated in the block 22 of the air heater 20 in order to prevent moisture condensation on the exhaust gas path and are discharged by the fan 27 ¹ into the atmosphere. In the vertical pre-melting chamber, most of the material is melted and separated from the gas stream into the molten bath 10 and on the walls of the vortex chamber 1. On the surface of chamber 1, the finest dispersed part of the material is separated, which flows in the form of a liquid film into the bath 10. Further separation occurs in cyclones 6 and 7. In cyclone 6, fine cleaning of high-temperature gases occurs. The gases leaving the cyclone, passing through the cylinder 8, are met with a stream of cold air 55 supplied by the fan 28 to the cyclone, 7, which ensures sharp cooling of the gases and particles of material in them,

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9261) 87 which prevents deposition of the latter on the walls of the pneumatic heater 13. In case of accidental breakdowns leading to particles sticking to the nozzle 12 of the pneumatic ₅ heater 13, the growths are removed by a torch torch 19 · The melt from the bath 10 enters the porosity chamber 29, from where it is saturated with gas It is displayed on granulation and cooling. The burner 30, the gate 31 and the nozzle 32 work in the scheme of melt stabilization and stabilization. Finished porous and granular material is fed for subsequent use, for example, as a lightweight concrete aggregate.

Reduction in the removal of the proposed device with a sharp increase of the specific melting downloads va The space ₂₀ is achieved in two ways - series connection of the two melting apparatuses intensive yym special cooling device.

Improving the reliability and productivity of the proposed furnace is achieved as follows. Pure cold air introduced into the nozzle of cyclone 7 at a speed of 1) 0-60 m / s creates a wall vortex that prevents the penetration of fused particles carried out from cyclone 6 to the walls, and Their cyclone 7 vortex partially penetrates the ceiling of the cyclone through cylinder 8. The vortex in the cyclone _{35 is} directed towards the vortex in the cyclone 6. Then, in the area of the cylinder 8 and in the cavity of the cyclone 7, a '. <null-drift zone of a ring shape is formed, i.e. ₄₀ zone of oncoming vortices. In this zone, the transported particles in a large mass aggregate and fall into the bath of the cyclone 6 melt (up to 99.8%). The rest is. the mass, up to 0.2% of the cyclone 6 removed from ₄₅ , is reliably cooled to Solid state, the speed in the zero zone is zero, which eliminates the buildup of particles on the nozzle 12 and in the heater 13. From the proposed one. devices cannot be made more than 0.01% of the mass loaded onto the melting substance, i.e. capture efficiency reaches 99.99%

Thus, by reducing the outflow and by intensive cooling of particles in the null-drift zone, high reliability of the entire complex is achieved with a sharp increase in the specific loading of the melter. At the same time, the main goal is achieved - melting the coarsely-burdened mixture, which allows to sharply increase the economic indicators of the melting unit.

Providing the furnace with an additional separation device significantly reduces the entrainment of molten particles by exhaust gases, which helps to increase the furnace productivity of the proposed design, and the efficiency of the coarse-dispersed melting process. material (up to ^ 1.5 mm instead of 0.1 0.2 mm), lower specific fuel consumption. The melting process is stabilized, since it does not require a stop to clean the walls of growths. In the furnace of the proposed design, the deposition of particles on the walls is prevented by the flow of cold air supplied through the tangential pipe into the cyclone. The combination of the bath for the melt with the bath of the first cyclone reduces the dimensions of the furnace with an increase in the volume of the bath itself, and an increase in the volume of the bath for razdav reduces the fluctuations in the chemical composition of the latter.

Claims (2)

The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to equipment for treating crushed material, namely glass furnaces. A device for melting finely divided raw mix, which is a furnace containing vortex chambers, a pre-melting and separation chamber above them, is known. , in the upper part of which are placed the burners and the loading chute, as well as the bath for the melt. Central exhaust ports tVl are made to remove waste gases in the end walls of the vortex chambers. The disadvantages of the known device are the need to increase the size of the furnace in order to melt the coarse material and, in particular, the height of the vertical channel where the main melting of the material occurs, which in turn leads to an increase in specific fuel consumption, melt heterogeneity as a result of non-penetration of the material . The closest to the invention to the technical essence and the expected positive effect is a device for melting finely divided charge, which is a furnace containing vortex chambers, a vertical caravan, a measure of preliminary melting and separation above them, in the upper part of which are placed burners and a loading chute and a bath for the melt. Central vent openings are provided in the end walls of the vortex chambers to discharge the waste gases. Above the bath for the melt, there are mounted coolable tuyeres with channels for additional input of fuel to the oxidizer and additives, which ensures the heating of the melt and its intensive mixing, facilitating the melting of the coarsely dispersed part of the charge .21. Thus, the presence of water-cooled tuyeres ensures the melting of coarsely dispersed materials with obtaining high-quality melt, an increase in the productivity of the furnace and a decrease in the specific fuel consumption. However, this does not solve the problem of achieving high productivity of the furnace for melting coarse materials as furnaces containing a vortex chamber are characterized by increased entrainment of melt particles with exhaust gases. In addition, the furnaces have a small volume of the melt bath, which leads to variations in the chemical composition of the melt. The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity. This goal is achieved by the fact that the furnace for melting coarse material containing a vortex chamber, a vertical pre-melting and separation chamber located above it, in the upper part of which there are burners, a loading chute, as well as a melt bath, is provided with an additional separation device in the form of two installed coaxial cyclones connected by a cluster, with the lower cyclone communicating with a tengenically located gas supply nozzle with a vortex chamber, and the upper cyclone equipped with air tangential pipe, with the gas supply and air supply Nozzles installed with the formation of oppositely directed gas flows. FIG. 1 shows a furnace, general view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - section BB in FIG. 2 (section of the vortex chamber). The furnace for melting coarse-grained material contains a vortex chamber 1 with a vertical chamber 2 of preliminary melting and separation, in the upper part of which there are burners 3 and a loading chute. The furnace is equipped with an additional separation device 5 consisting of two coaxially arranged cyclones 6 and 7 interconnected by a cylinder 8. Cyclone 6 is equipped with a gas-draining pipe 9 connecting cyclone 6 with a vortex chamber 1. The melt bath 10 is located in the lower part 55 to 6. Cyclone 7 is equipped with a tangential pipe 11 for air supply and an axial gas outlet pipe 12, 3 through which a pneumatic heater 13 is connected in series with the cyclone 7, including a lifting pipe 14, a horizontal cylinder 15 and the downpipe 16, the anticyclone 17 and the exhaust gas duct 18. The cyclone 7 is also equipped with a torch burner 19. The furnace contains an air heater 20 of two blocks 21 and 22 and a rotoclone 23. For the material there is a hopper 2k with a feeder 25, and for air and gases fans 26 - 28. The furnace is equipped with a melt-cutting chamber 29 having a burner 30, a gate 31. and a foaming nozzle 32. The furnace works as follows. The material from the hopper 2k is fed by the feeder 25 to the pneumatic heater 13, where, passing through the lifting tube 1, the horizontal cylinder 15 and the standpipe tube 16, is heated and released from the stream in the anticyclone 17. The purified gases from the anticyclone 17 are fed through the bypass duct 18 into blocks 21 and 22 of the preheater 20, and the hot material through feed chute k enters the vertical pre-melting and separation chamber 2, where melting occurs in the opposing jets of compressible fuel supplied through the burners 3. The oxidizer of the fuel is hot air from the heater unit 21 of the heater 20 supplied by the fan. 26. The remaining gases after wet scrubbing in the rotoclone 23 are heated in block 22 of the air preheater 20 in order to prevent condensation of moisture in the exhaust gas path and are vented by the fan 27 to atmosphere. In the vertical pre-melting chamber, most of the material is melted and separated from the gas flow into the molten bath 10 and on the walls of the vortex chamber 1. On the surface of chamber 1, the finest color of material is separated, which, as a liquid film, flows into bath 10. Further separation takes place in cyclones 6 and 7. In cyclone 6, fine cleaning of high-temperature gases takes place. The gases leaving the cyclone, the passage through the cylinder 8, meet with the flow of cold air supplied by the fan 28 to the cyclone 7, which ensures sharp cooling of the gases and material particles inside them, which prevents the latter from settling on the walls of the pneumatic preheater 13- accidental disruption of the mode, resulting in sticking of particles on the nozzle 12 of the pneumatic preheater 13, removal of the growths is carried out using an acute torch burner 19. The melt from the bath 10 enters the polishing chamber 29, from which it is removed with saturated gas for granulation and cooling. The burner 30, the gate 31 and the nozzle 32 work in the scheme of the polarization and stabilization of the melt. The finished porous and granular material is supplied for subsequent use, for example, as a concrete filling agent. The decrease in the removal of the proposed. The device with a sharp increase in access to the loadings of the melting space is achieved by a double way - by successively turning on two intensive melting apparatuses with a special cooling device. Improving the reliability and performance of the furnace laid down is achieved as follows. The clean cold air, introduced into the cyclone nozzle 7 at a speed of 40-60 m / s, creates a near-wall vortex that prevents the penetration of 6 fused particles from the cyclo to the walls, and the vortex of the cyclone 7 penetrates partially into the ceiling part of the cyclone 6 through 8. Vortex in the cyclone 7 is directed towards the vortex in cyclone 6. Then, in the zone of the cylinder 8 and in the cavity of the cyclone 7 to the receiving pad 12 of the heater 13, a zero-drift ring-shaped zone, i.e., a counter-vortex zone, is formed. In this zone, the particles in large masses aggregate and fall into the bath of the melt of cyclone 6 (up to 99.8). The remaining mass, up to O, 2% of that carried out from the cyclone 6, is reliably cooled to a solid state, the speed in the null zone is zero, which eliminates sticking of particles on the nozzle 12 and in the heater 13. From the proposed device more than less than 0.01% of the mass of the substance to be melted, i.e. capture efficiency reaches 99.99%. Thus, both a decrease in the yield and an intensive cooling of the particles in the null-drift zone attain a high reliability of the entire complex with a sharp increase in the specific load of the melter. In this case, the main goal is achieved - the melting of coarsely divided charge, which allows a dramatic increase in the economic performance of the melting unit. The supply of the furnace with an additional separation device significantly reduces the entrainment of the molten particles by the exhaust gases, which contributes to an increase in the productivity of the furnace of the proposed design, the efficiency of the coarse-dispersed smelting process. material (, 5 mm instead of 0.1 0, 2 mm), decrease in specific fuel consumption. The melting process is stabilized since it does not require stopping to clean the walls of the build-ups. In the furnace of the proposed design, the deposition of particles on the walls is prevented by a stream of cold air supplied through the tangential nozzle into the cyclone. Combining the molten bath with the bath of the first cyclone reduces the size of the furnace with an increase in the volume of the bath itself, and an increase in the volume of the bath for pacniiaBa reduces the chemical composition of the latter. The invention of the furnace for melting a coarse material containing a vortex chamber, a vertical pre-melting and separation chamber located above it, in the upper part of which there are burners, a loading chute, and a bath for melt, which is equipped with an additional separation device, made in the form of two cyclones mounted coaxially, connected by a cylinder, with the lower cyclone communicating with a tengenically located gas supply nozzle with with a vortex chamber, and the upper cyclone, with an air-supplying tangential nozzle, while the gas supply and air supply nozzles are installed with the formation of oppositely directed gas flows. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 35546, cl. F 27 B 15 / 00,1962. 2. USSR author's certificate number 406807. class. From 03 To 5/12, 1972.