SU816537A1

SU816537A1 - Apparatus for thermic cleaning of gaseous mixtures

Info

Publication number: SU816537A1
Application number: SU762357295A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Леонидович Шелыгин; Валерий Иванович Зубко; Галина Юрьевна Бердичевская
Original assignee: Shelygin Aleksandr L; Zubko Valerij; Berdichevskaya Galina Yu
Priority date: 1976-05-10
Filing date: 1976-05-10
Publication date: 1981-03-30

Description

(54.) УСТРОЙСТВО ТЕРМИНЕСКС ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ(54.) TERMINESX DEVICE FOR CLEANING GAS MIXTURES

Изобретение относитс к процессу термической очистки газовых смесей с низкими концентраци ми горючих компонентое за счёт их окислени в присутствии катализатора и может найти применение дл санитарной очистки воздуха производственных помещений и в технологии про .изводства контролируемых газовых атмосфер . .Известен адсорбер непрерывного действи с вращающимс кольцевым слоем, i..-. включающий секции адсорбции и регенерации , системы подачи очищаемой смеси и вывода готового продукта и источники нагрева адсорбента, используемый дл очистки газовоздушных смесей без последующей рекуперации адсорбированных компонентов . В секторе адсорйхии через вращающийс кольцевой слой адсорбента пропуска ют очищаемую газовоздушную смесь, а затем адсорбент после достижени насыщени при адсорбции подвергают регенерации в секции регенерации путем опрыс..кивани и промывки водой иди аммиачной водой. Кольцевой слой адсорбента крепит-с на центральном валу, вращающемс с определенной скоростью l. В известном устройстве не решаетс задача уничтожени вредных компонентов, так как, последние из очшцаемой газовой фазы перевод тс в регенерирующую среду (воду) и требуют установки дополни-тельных аппаратов дл их нейтрализации. Кроме того, приведенный принцип регенерации адсорбента приемлем лишь в частном случае,- например дл обессеривани дымовых газов, и не может быть использован дл десорбции широкого диапазона углеводородных компонентов, например керосиновых фракций. Цель изобретени - повышение экономичности процесса каталитического окислени за счет предварительного концентрировани горючих компонентов из очищаемой газовой смеси в адсорбере. Поставленна цель достигаетс тем, что устройство снабжено каталитическимThe invention relates to the process of thermal cleaning of gas mixtures with low concentrations of combustible components due to their oxidation in the presence of a catalyst and can be used for sanitary cleaning of air in industrial premises and in the technology of production of controlled gas atmospheres. A continuous adsorber with a rotating annular layer is known, i ..-. including sections of adsorption and regeneration, the supply system of the mixture being cleaned and the output of the finished product and the sources of heating of the adsorbent used to clean the gas-air mixtures without subsequent recovery of the adsorbed components. In the adsorheum sector, the gas-to-air mixture being cleaned is passed through the rotating annular layer of the adsorbent, and then the adsorbent, after reaching saturation during adsorption, is regenerated in the regeneration section by spraying and washing with water or ammonia. An adsorbent annular layer attaches to the central shaft, rotating at a certain velocity l. In the known device, the problem of the destruction of harmful components is not solved, since the latter of the gas phase is transferred to a regenerating medium (water) and requires the installation of additional devices for their neutralization. In addition, the principle of adsorbent regeneration is acceptable only in a particular case — for example, for flue gas desulfurization, and cannot be used for desorption of a wide range of hydrocarbon components, for example, kerosene fractions. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the catalytic oxidation process by pre-concentrating the combustible components from the gas mixture to be purified in the adsorber. The goal is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a catalytic

реактором, а адсорбер снабжен газоходомreactor, and the adsorber is equipped with a flue

десорбированных горючих компонентов и окисл ющего воздуха, соедин ющим секцию регенерации адсорбента с каталитическим реактором, при этом секци регенерации адсорбента снабжена перегородками , раздел ющими ее на сектора - тёрморадиационной десорбции и охлаждени .desorbed combustible components and oxidizing air connecting the regeneration section of the adsorbent with the catalytic reactor, while the regeneration section of the adsorbent is equipped with partitions dividing it into sectors - thermoradiation desorption and cooling.

Источники нагрева адсорбента помещены внутри сектора терморадиааионной десорбции и выполнены в виде радиационных элементов.Sources of heating of the adsorbent are placed inside the sector of thermoradiation desorption and are made in the form of radiation elements.

На фиг. 1 изображено устройство термической очистки газовых смесей; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А на фиг. 1.FIG. 1 shows a device for thermal cleaning of gas mixtures; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one.

Устройство термической -очистки газовых смесей содержит каталитический реактор 1 и адсорбер 2 непрерывного действи . Каталитический реактор 1 изготавливают из термостойкой стали и заполн ют катализатором 3 (например, окись меди , нанесенна иа гранулированную окись алюмини ), в котором располагают нагревательные элементы 4 (например, трубчатые электрические нагрбватели).The device for thermal cleaning of gas mixtures contains a catalytic reactor 1 and a canister 2 of continuous operation. The catalytic reactor 1 is made of heat-resistant steel and is filled with catalyst 3 (for example, copper oxide, deposited and granulated alumina), in which heating elements 4 are placed (for example, tubular electric heaters).

Адсорбер 2 непрерывного действи содержит неподвижный корпус 5, разделенный неподвижными перегородками 6-9 на секцию 1О адсорбции горючих компонентов и секцию регенерации адсорбента, вкпючакадую в себ сектор 11 терморадиационной десорбции и сектор 12 охлаждени адсорбента. Сектор 12 охлаждени регенерируемого адсорбента соедин ют с секцией 1О адсорбции горючих компонентов каналом 13 перетока очищенной смесиThe continuous adsorber 2 comprises a fixed case 5 divided by fixed partitions 6-9 into an adsorption section 1O of combustible components and an adsorbent regeneration section, including a thermal radiation desorption sector 11 and an adsorbent cooling sector 12. The cooling sector 12 of the regenerated adsorbent is connected to the section 1O of the adsorption of combustible components by the channel 13 of the flow of the purified mixture.

В неподвижном корпусе 5 в секции Ю адсорбции устанавливают штуцер 14 ввода очищаемой смеси, в секторе 11 терморадиационной десорбции трубопровод 15 окисл кадего воздуха и газоход 16 десор бированных горючих компонентов и окисл ющего воздуха, соедин ющий адсорбер 2 непрерывного действи с каталитическим реактором 1, а в секторе 12 охлаждени регенерируемого адсорбента - штуцер 17 вывода очищенной смеси, соединенный выт жным газоходом 18 с вентил тором 19.In the stationary case 5, in the section 10 of the adsorption, a fitting 14 is inserted into the mixture to be cleaned; in sector 11 of thermal radiation desorption, pipeline 15 is oxidized to the air and gas duct 16 desorbed combustible components and oxidizing air, connecting continuous adsorber 2 to the catalytic reactor 1, and the cooling sector 12 of the regenerated adsorbent — a nozzle 17 for cleaning the cleaned mixture, connected by the exhaust gas duct 18 to the fan 19.

Подвижными, вращающимис епементами адсорбера 2 вл ютс кольцевой слой адсорбента 20. например активный уголь (ширина сло составл ет 20-6О мм, диаметр и высота определ ютс расходом очищаемой газовой смеси), засыпанный между двум аксиально расположенными сетками 21 (материал: термостойка сталь, размер чеек, выбираетс в зависимости от гранулы адсорбента), опорныйThe movable, rotating elements of the adsorber 2 are the annular layer of the adsorbent 20. For example, active carbon (layer width is 20-6 O mm, diameter and height are determined by the flow rate of the gas mixture being cleaned), filled between two axially arranged grids 21 (material: heat-resistant steel, cell size, depending on the adsorbent granule), the reference

диск 22, неподвижно соединенный с вра вдающимс осевым валом 23, который подшипниками 24 vi 25 опираетс на непод-. вижный корпус 5.a disk 22, fixedly connected to a rotating axial shaft 23, which is supported by bearings 24 vi 25 on a sub-one. Vision housing 5.

В местах сопр жений неподвижных и вращагацихс элементов устройства устанавливают уплотни тельные термостойкие прокладки 26 (асбоцемент) и 27 (паро- нит, теплостойка кремнийорганическа In the places of matings of stationary and rotated elements of the device, heat-resistant gaskets 26 (asbestos cement) and 27 (parite, heat-resistant organosilicon

резина).rubber).

В секторе 11 терморадиационной десорбции с обеих сторон кольцевого сло адсорбента 20 в наружной полости сектора (за слоем, в радиальном направлении)In sector 11 of thermoradiation desorption on both sides of the annular layer of the adsorbent 20 in the outer cavity of the sector (behind the layer, in the radial direction)

и во внутренней полости .(до сло ) располагают платы 28 и 29 с радиационными источниками 30 нагрева, например трубчатые электрические нагреватели. Профили плат 28 и 29 выполн ют таким об-and in the internal cavity. (up to the layer) boards 28 and 29 are placed with radiation sources 30 of heating, for example tubular electric heaters. The profiles of the boards 28 and 29 are designed to

разом, чтобы поверхности излучени радиационных источников 30 нагрева приближались к внутренней и наружной поверхгнрсти кольцевого сло адсорбента 2О в направлении его вращени .At the same time, the radiation surfaces of the radiation heating sources 30 approach the inner and outer surfaces of the annular layer of the adsorbent 2O in the direction of its rotation.

Количество окисл ющего воздуха, подаваемого в каталитический реактор 1, регулируют вентилем 31, а сам реактор 1 газоходом 32 продуктов каталитического окислени горючих компонентов сое-The amount of oxidizing air supplied to the catalytic reactor 1 is controlled by a valve 31, and the reactor 1 itself is controlled by a flue 32 of the products of the catalytic oxidation of combustible components of

дин ют с выт жным газоходом 18 параллельно газоходу очищенной смеси 33.with exhaust duct 18 parallel to the duct of purified mixture 33.

Элементы устройства, имеющие повышенную температуру (каталитический реактор 1, газоход 16 десорбированных го-Elements of the device having an elevated temperature (catalytic reactor 1, the duct 16 desorbed

рючих компонентов и окисл ющего воздуха , газоход 3 продуктов каталитического окислени горючих компонентов, стенки сектора 11 терморадиационной десорбции), покрывают тепловой изол цией.of the bilious components and oxidizing air, the flue 3 of the products of the catalytic oxidation of combustible components, the walls of the sector 11 of thermal irradiation desorption) are covered with thermal insulation.

Устройство термической очистки газовых смесей работает следующим образом.The device for thermal cleaning of gas mixtures works as follows.

Claims

The gas mixture containing combustible components at the temperature of the production room through the fitting 14 of the input of the mixture being cleaned is fed into the internal cavity of the adsorption section 10 at the outlet of the annular layer of the adsorbent 2O from the section. With the passage of the gas mixture (with a speed of 0.15-0.2 m / s) through the rotating annular layer of the adsorbent 2O (the rotational speed of the annular layer is determined by the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and the components of the gas mixture being cleaned, the kinematic characteristics of the process of adsorption of combustible components. Mixture and is in the range from O: up to 5 rpm) the combustible components contained in it are adsorbed and remain in the bed, and the adsorption section 10 that is not absorbed from the outer wall by the flow channel 13 formed by the outer surface rotating the pressure of the adsorbent 2O and the fixed body 5, it is directed at the adsorption temperature into the external cavity of the cooling sector 12 of the regenerated adsorbent. Saturated with combustible components in the adsorption section 10, a portion of the adsorbent layer. 20 by continuous rotation in the counterclockwise direction is transferred to the sector 11 of the thermoradiation desorption of the regeneration section of the adrbent, where under two-sided radiative heat radiation from the radiation sources 30 of heating at 140-150 ° and in the flow of oxidizing air supplied through the pipeline IS of the oxidizing air and the control valve 31 into the internal cavity of the sector and transported radially through the regenerated area of the layer of adsorbent 20, with a concentration below the lower flammability limit (for example, for kerosene vapor of about 5O g / m), 16 desorbed combustible components and oxidizing air are directed through the flue to the catalytic reactor 1. In the In the catalytic reactor 1, the desorbed combustible components are burned in an environment of oxidizing air in the presence of a catalyst at 250-500 ° C, and the products of catalytic oxidation of the horkete desorbed components through pipe 32 together with the cleaned the mixture is exhausted through the exhaust gas duct 18 by the fan 19 to the atmosphere. At the same time, the gas mixture purified from the adsorption section 10, having a temperature close to the temperature of the production room (25 ° C) before entering the exhaust gas duct 18, is used as a refrigerant in the cooling sector 12 of the regenerated adsorbent by passing it out of the outer cavity of the sector through the regenerated layer of the adsorbent, heated to 150 ° C, into the internal and supply to the clamp 17 of the output of the purified mixture. The cooled to the area of the regenerated adsorbent layer 2O from the cooling sector 12 of the regenerated adsorbent is rotated to the adsorption section 10 of combustible components, and the cycle of continuous adsorption concentration with constant burning of the concentrated desorbed combustible components of the mixture is repeated. The use of the countercurrent principle in the directions of motion of the solid and gas phases1 in the structural design of the adsorption section and the cooling sector of the regenerated adsorbent improves efficiency and reliability in the first case of mass transfer and second heat exchange processes. The device for thermal cleaning of gas mixtures eliminates the need to heat up the oxidation temperature of the ballast components of the gas mixture that are not involved in the reaction (unbootable), but, as a rule, represents the main mass fraction of the mixture, and thereby drastically reduce energy costs: to compensate for the additional consumption energy supplied to the catalytic reactor by pre-centering the combustible components; catalytically oxidize combustible components of non-oxidizing gas mixtures. By burning the concentrated mixture of kerosene vapor in the air {concentration 80 g / m) obtained in the process of desorption in the presence of a catalyst (corrugated on the chromium pad with papladium coating) at 440 ° C and a gas flow rate of 1500 O l / h, the degree of thermal purification V was achieved 100%. Claims 1. A device for thermal cleaning of gas mixtures, mainly with low concentrations of combustible components, containing a continuous adsorber with a rotating ring layer, including sections for adsorption and regeneration, supply systems for the mixture being cleaned and output of the finished product, sources of adsorbent heating, characterized in that , in order to increase the efficiency of the catalytic oxidation process due to the preliminary concentration of combustible components from the gas mixture being cleaned in the adsorber, a catalytic reactor is provided, and is provided with adsorber flue desorbed fuel components and the oxidizing air connecting said a.dsorbenta regeneration section with the catalytic reactor, the regeneration of the adsorbent section is provided with a partition dividing it into sectors yuschimi - termoradiadionnoy desorption and cooling.