SU760537A1 - Plant for producing hydrogen - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport and energy and can be used to produce hydrogen and water vapor in the interaction of hydro-reactive fuel with water. transport facilities and power stations.

Known reactor installations for · producing hydrogen in the interaction of a number of metals (1-, Be, ya, Md, A £,

Re, C a, etc.) and non-metals (5ί, B, and drugyh) with water Μ ·

Such plants contain a balloon-type reactor, having fittings with valves for loading the starting materials and for unloading reaction products.

Closest to this invention to the technical essence and the achieved result is 20

installation on hydroreactive fuel [2].

The installation contains a reactor connected by channels with an inactive engine, a pump for supplying hydrotransmitting fuel, connected by pipelines to a reactor and a tank of hydro-reacting fuel, a pump for supplying water connected by pipelines to a reactor and a tank of water, 30

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heat exchanger for evaporation of water supplied to the reactor and the injector.

A disadvantage of the known installation is a significant expenditure of energy on the flow of water into the reactor and the substantial consumption of metal for the manufacture of the surface heat exchanger for its heating.

The aim of the invention is to reduce energy consumption due to the purification of hydrogen and its separation from the gas mixture.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the installation for producing hydrogen is equipped with a hydrogen separator located between the reactor and the engine, the inlet of which is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the outlet is connected to the pressure nozzle of the injector.

The hydrogen separator is made in the form of a cylindrical shell divided by a semi-permeable partition into the chamber of pure hydrogen, connected to the engine, and the ballast gas chamber, the output of which is connected to the pressure nozzle of the injector. Hydrogen has the ability to penetrate all known metals, so, for example, a metal-ceramic partition is not

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an obstacle to the passage of hydrogen. At the same time, water vapor is able to penetrate the partition only at a certain pressure difference up to and after the partition, depending on the diameter of the pores. As a result, hydrogen penetrates through the walls into the chamber of pure hydrogen, and in the chamber of the ballast gas, an increased content of water vapor is created, which cannot spread to the reactor due to the continuous influx of the mixture from the reactor. This steam with a slight admixture of hydrogen and serves to power the injector.

The drawing shows an installation for producing hydrogen.

The installation contains a reactor 1, which is connected via pipeline 2 through mixing nozzle '3 to pump 4, which communicates with tank 5 of hydroreactive fuel) pipe 6, having check valve 7 and mixing nozzle 3, with injector body 8, communicating through pipe 9 and valve 10 water tank 11; pipeline 12 through a cylindrical separator 13 with an engine 14; and pipeline 15 with a tank of 16 reaction products. A semi-permeable partition 17 divides the separator into a chamber. 18 pure hydrogen, connected to the engine, and the ballast gas chamber 19, connected by pipeline 20 with a tapering nozzle 21., which, together with a tapering nozzle 22 and an expanding nozzle 23, is installed in the injector body communicating via pipeline 24, a check valve 25 and a valve 26 the atmosphere.

The granules of fuel are in the tank 5, and the space between them is filled with an inert liquid.

During the start-up of the installation, water from tank 11 with valve 10 open and valve 26 closed by gravity flows through nozzles 22 and 23, pipe b, check valve 7 and pipe 3 into reactor 1.

When a hydroreactive fuel is supplied From the tank 5 by the pump 4 through the pipe 2 and the pipe 3 to the reactor 1, a reaction takes place between water and fuel, as a result of which hydrogen is formed. The reaction is accompanied by the release of a significant amount of heat, which leads to the evaporation of part of the water supplied. With increasing pressure in the reactor 1, the valve 7 is closed, and the clades 26 are opened. Pulp with solid reaction products goes through pipe 15 to tank 16. Mixture of hydrogen and water vapor enters separator 13, penetrating through partition 17 into chamber 18, hydrogen is cleared of water vapor and sent via pipeline 12 to engine

14. Water vapor mixed with hydrogen

from the chamber 19 through the pipe 20 and the nozzle 21 with a high speed flows into the cavity of the nozzle 22, where it is vigorously mixed with water and condenses. The heat energy of steam is transferred to the kinetic and potential energy of water and condensate. The mixture passes through a narrow space at high speed, which connects the nozzle 22 with the nozzle 23, and falls into the expanding part of the nozzle 23, where the water vapor condenses finally, and the velocity of the water and condensate drops. From the nozzle 23, water enters pipe 6 and pipe 3, then into reactor 1, overcoming the pressure acting on the check valve 7 at the entrance to it. If steam at the beginning of operation does not supply enough steam and the process of condensation ends before the mixture enters the bottleneck interfacing the nozzles 22 and 23, then when the flow passes to the expanding part of the nozzle 23, the pressure surge does not occur and the injector will not supply water to the reactor. However, in the chamber 8 there will be a slight pressure increase that result This causes the water to be discharged through line 24 and valve 26 to the atmosphere. The entry of a sufficient amount of steam into the mixing chamber leads to the fact that in a short time a vacuum occurs in it and the valve 25 closes the atmospheric pressure.

The use of a semipermeable for water vapor and a permeable for hydrogen partition in combination with an injector allows to exclude from the equipment of the installation a water pump and the associated cost of electricity. In addition, there is no need to install a current generator to power the electric motor of this pump. sa The heat exchanger for water heating is excluded.

The operation of the installation is simplified, since there are no rotating parts and surfaces of the heat exchanger that can be clogged with sediments.

This application of the invention saves about 15% of the material costs associated with the manufacture and operation of the reactor installation.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Installation for the production of water: kind ,. including a reactor, a fuel tank, a water tank connected to the injector, and an engine, which is equipped with a separator to reduce energy consumption by purifying hydrogen and separating it from the gas mixture five 760537 6 hydrogen located between the reactor and the engine. 2. Installation according to claim 1, about the t that is based on the fact that the hydrogen separator is made in the form of a cylindrical shell divided by a semi-permeable partition into a chamber of pure hydrogen connected to the engine, and a ballast gas chamber, the output of which is connected to the pressure nozzle of the injector.