SU55335A1 - Injection molding machine - Google Patents

Description

In recent years, metal casting under pressure has become widespread both in the USSR and abroad. This method was most widely used for casting non-ferrous metals, mainly low-melting alloys of tin, zinc, and aluminum. One of the reasons delaying the spread of this method for casting ferrous metals is the need to maintain a high temperature of about 1400-1700 ° in the liquid metal injected into the matrix, which on one side leads to the destruction of the metal nozzle-injection, and on the other When a metal is pushed out at a temperature close to solidification, it hardens the metal in the nozzle and the metal cannot get into the matrix.

As a rule, in all known systems the gooseneck is a vessel cast from cast iron or steel; for filling, it is placed together with a lever that presses it against the matrix litter in a melting furnace filled with liquid metal. This method of filling the gooseneck with metal is unsuitable for casting ferrous metals, as it can cause, when immersed in a liquid metal, the melting of the body of the gooseneck itself and sticking to it a uniform composition of liquid metal.

The proposed machine does not have these disadvantages, since in it the gooseneck does not sink into the bath, but is filled with a metal stream when approaching the smelting unit. The gooseneck is pivoted to drain excess metal from the nozzle into the gooseneck cavity.

In FIG. 1 is a general view of the machine; FIG. 2 - side view of the car; FIG. 8 - general view of the gooseneck; FIG. 4 - side view of it; FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the gooseneck in plan; FIG. 6 and 7 - gooseneck location in the slider; FIG. 8 is a diagram of connecting the gooseneck with the rod 25; FIG. 9, 10, 11 -scheme weighing and metering mechanisms.

The base 1a is poured into the foundation 1a (figs. 1 and 2) of the floor, along which the bed can move along the key in the vertical direction of the bed.

in one screw screw 4a with a tape thread and nuts 5a abutting the foundation.

The movement takes place within a few millimeters and serves to precisely align the horizontal axis of the gate of the matrix 2 with the injection axis of the gooseneck (pressure chamber). To prevent spontaneous lowering of the frame, and consequently, of the entire system connected with it, the nut 5a has a locking stop (not shown in the drawing). On the bed, a bed 6a is placed, able to move along it with the help of an endless screw with the handwheel 8 in a direction parallel to the movement of the gooseneck. This bed is cast with two. consoles 9, on which dovetail tails associated with them lie calipers 10 carrying air cylinders //, 12 that can move in a direction perpendicular to the gooseneck's axis of movement using endless screws with handwheels 75. Thanks to this system, the entire device can move relative to the gooseneck in three directions and stamps of different thickness can be set. In order to destroy the bending moment in the consoles, during the operation of the machine, the latter are supported on racks 14 with a nut 15 regulating their length.

The bed 6a is designed so that the supporting vertical parts of its 17 form between them a free space where the part can be cast and where a conveyor belt can be installed to transfer castings to the annealing furnace or to the next machining operation.

An air cylinder 19 for mounting in the form of axial rods is mounted on a self-supporting frame 18 that does not have any movements. Its axis should coincide with the axis of the gooseneck. The ability to move the axial rods in the horizontal and vertical planes is achieved by attaching them to the slider 20 and the guide 21. The carrier piece / part 23 moves along

parallel to the frame 6 carrying the air cylinder 24 for moving the gooseneck shim, part 25 with the cylinder closing the hole in the gooseneck for pouring metal and making an inlet to the gooseneck of compressed air, part 28 representing the U-shaped stop serving for turning gooseneck in a horizontal position, the stop 27, opening the valve stopper, retaining gooseneck in a horizontal position, and part 28, freeing the gooseneck from the piston rolling pin.

Part of the frame 5 is cut out and can move freely in a vertical plane. This part is connected to the weighing device and, when the gooseneck hits it, serves as a weighing platform. A melting unit — an electric furnace 4 of one of the available systems, from which the metal is poured into the gooseneck, is placed above the split part of the bed. The metal opening system is directly connected to the weighing system.

To prevent individual drops from the outlet of the electric furnace to the edge of the gooseneck inlet, under the sprue of the furnace, a system is installed that covers and opens the outlet of the electric furnace, the balancer 31. The closing and opening of the outlet of the electric furnace is performed by a special air cylinder connected to the weight control valve system.

Air cylinders 24, 19 and // are equipped with additional air or hydraulic cylinders 32.33, 34, which inhibit the movement of skalos and associated gooseneck, dies and rods in extreme positions, due to which the halves of dies and gooseneck are connected with the matrix smoothly. without impact.

A distribution valve and an associated control knob (not shown in the diagram) is placed in a special piece attached to the frame in its part adjacent to frame 6a, thanks to which the machine can observe the operation of all the mechanisms of the machine. A valve that opens access to the air that blows through the cavity of the molds after they are opened is located on the support 10 and is driven by a slide (not shown in the drawing). The pressure chamber - the gooseneck 1 is a molded steel box 72 (Fig. 3, 4, 5) with a lid 73. There is a round hole in the bottom of the box through which contact 74 with a wire from one of the transformer poles or dynamo is connected. nnogo current. The contact is separated from the body of the box by a layer of asbestos insulation 75. Plate 76 is tightly pressed to this contact from a refractory but well-conducting material to which plate 77 fits tightly, covering the entire bottom of the pipe and made of a mixture of graphite and refractory clay. Two vertical plates 78 of the same mass are attached to it. The composition of the mass of these plates is close to the usual composition of melting graphite crucibles. The plates 78, in turn, are in close contact with the contacts 79 embedded in the gooseneck cover 7c. The second pole of the dynamo or transformer is attached to the lid by bolts 80. The entire space between the gooseneck body and the plates 77 and 78 is filled with a refractory non-conductive electric current material, two axes 81 are poured into the body of the gooseneck, on which it can freely rotate. In one of the axes, there is a fitting S3, which serves to connect the internal cavity of the gooseneck with an armored hose with a stopper 54 (Fig. 6). In the front of the gooseneck there is a circular conical opening into which metal injection is inserted. The injection (nozzle) 3 is a special-shaped part consisting of two parts 84a and 846 screwed into each other (Fig. 5). A conical ring 85 can also be put on the conical part of the part 84a. When assembled, an insulator 86 of refractory material (mica, asbestos) is laid in the cone between the nozzle 5 and the ring 85. The piece 84a, together with the truss 85, is inserted into the cone hole of the gooseneck and is pressed tightly against the cone in the wall of the gooseneck by means of a ring 87 and bolts 88. The contact 89 of one of the poles of a dynamo or transformer is pressed onto this ring by a bolt 88. Insulation 90 is placed between the bolt and the ring. A part 92 fits tightly to the turned conical plane 91 of the part, which is a body of rotation of the same mass as the plate 78, or of the electrode coal, whose conical tail 93 enters the conical hole in the plate 78. Item 92 has juice protruding 92a all over its surface, abutting against concentric protrusion 848. On the other hand, juice 92a is pressed against part 846 screwed into part 84a. To prevent the possibility of a short circuit between parts 84a, 846 and 92a, the latter is separated from them by insulation 926. Between the gooseneck nozzle and the die is a part 928, which is a conical of crucible porcelain or other refractory material, a hollow plug that fits tightly to the cone of the part 846 and the ring end of the part 92. Such a design when the current is turned on gives a closed circuit between pins 74, 80 and 89. The whole circuit heats up to a white-hot and does not only keep the metal in the gooseneck in the molten state, but also heats it additionally. In order to be able to adjust the current, and consequently, the heating of the nozzle depending on the current in the whole circuit, a resistor is included in the wire that supplies current to the nozzle. The internal cavity of the gooseneck is divided by a partition 94 of a burnt refractory mass, tightly embedded in mass 95. A round conical opening is made into the gooseneck in the lid, which includes part 96 with a conical seat for the valve that covers the gooseneck. To prevent a short circuit through the valve, the part 96 and its ring 97 with bolts 98 are insulated from the gooseneck cover with refractory insulating material 99. The lid to the body of the gooseneck is tightly fastened with bolts with a gasket 100 in warning of possible damage to the insulation 75. Shown in FIG. 5, channels J01 and 102 and free cavities 103, SW, 1036 around part 92 serve to equalize the pressure inside the part 92 when metal is injected with pressure outside to prevent the part 92 from breaking. Air access to the cavities of the SW is i drilled in the protrusion 84 in the holes SWZg, and to the cavity .1036-holes drilled into the parts 846 SWs. This pressure equation occurs at a known ratio of the volumes of the channels 101, 102 and the cavity 103 with | the volume of air located above the metal in the cavity 105 of the gooseneck; due to the displacement of air by an im- possible metal in cavity 105, under the influence of compressed air, the entrance of the valve into the cavity is 10 ° (communicating vessels). Thanks to the conical device of the part 84a, the nozzle is changed by simply unscrewing the bolts 88. With its i axles, the gouge enters the bearings of a special shape of the slide 6 moving along the parallel frame 6 of the slide 23 with the stopper 54 (Fig. 6, 7). The gooseneck is rotated by the action of the spring 58 at the moment the gooseneck departs from the die. The limit of this i rotation is fixed by the movable j stop 57. The current is supplied by flexible insulated i wires 59, 60, 61, 62 from the sliding contacts 68, 64, 65 along tires 66, 67. 68 isolated from the base 6 (Fig. 6 and 7).

When the rod moves in the direction away from the matrix, the pawl 69 (Fig. 8) is pressed by part 28 Sfig. 1) serving as a stock guide, whereby the gooseneck is released and, resting against rubber buffer 70, remains on the part of the bed 5 connected to the weighing apparatus. When moving towards the dies, the cylinder rod 24 rests against the movable cushion 77, scissors

the dog 69 is moved apart and the entrance F to its place in the slider 23.

Part 5 of frame 6 represents the platform of the weight mechanism, which can move in the vertical direction under the action of the lever J19 (Fig. 1, 10, 11), the swinging balance bar 120 and the weight 121 moving along the lever P9 at the approach of the slide ram to the platform 6 the platform is locked by a bolt 122 (Fig. 9) with a slit in which lever 123 freely touches the left side of this slit. The lever is pulled away by the spring 124 in the vertical direction. When the slider enters the platform 5, the slider, with its tide 125, deflects the upper part of the lever 123 toward the cylinder 24 (Fig. 1), withdrawing this bolt 122 from its socket in platform 5, thus releasing the weight platform from constipation, so that the platform remains only with a weighing mechanism. The position of the guide 28 on the frame is chosen so that the gooseneck slider is released when the lever 123 stops at the extreme point 126 of the protrusion 125. As soon as the slider is released from the rod of the cylinder 23, the gooseneck, together with the platform, rises up to the furnace outlet. Lever 123, released from the gooseneck slider, becomes upright without moving protrusion 125; the bolt is released from the action of the lever 123 and, under the action of the spring 127, tends to enter its socket; the latter, together with the platform at this point, is at the top. When moving upward, the platform 5 carries over the round spool 128 of the distribution cylinder 129 and, thus, passes the compressed air under the cylinder of the cylinder 130, which is connected to the electric furnace with a locking outlet. The piston rises, opens the outlet, and the metal begins to flow into the gooseneck. As soon as the gooseneck is filled with metal so that its weight will cause the platform to start to fall down, this turning will go at an increasing speed due to the change in torque. When the lever is rotated, the spool 128 will move downwards, connecting the cylinder cavity under the piston to the outside air, and above the piston - to the hedgehog air and thus closes the outlet of the furnace. The platform itself, having fallen into its place, is banned by a bolt 122, which will enter its nest under the pressure of spring 727. To prevent drops of metal from the outlet of the furnace to fall onto the saddle of the loading hole of the gooseneck, when the beginning of its movement towards the die, the piston rod of the cylinder 130 is continued through the second cylinder head and a cam 131 is mounted on its end against which the piston rod 132 of the cylinder 133 rests. This rod is pivotally connected to the levers J33a and 134. Under the action of the spring 136, the rod 132 is pressed all the time to the cam 131. When raising the piston of the cylinder 130, the cam pushes the rod 132, which in turn pushes the lever out from under the outlet of the furnace and thus allows the metal to enter the gooseneck when the plug is open.

When the outlet is closed, the cam 131 will go down, the piston of the cylinder 133 will move under the action of the spring 136 to the left, and the slider connected to it through the levers 133a, 134 will slide to the left and in the form of a screen will cover the outlet of the furnace, thereby preventing the gooseneck from falling onto it The remaining molten metal droplets on the edge of the outlet.

Gooseneck acts as follows. Compressed air from a high-pressure cylinder enters the upper part of cylinder 36 (Fig. 6) through conduit 37. Under the pressure of compressed air, the piston 38, together with the valve 39, will receive a downward movement and, with its valve 40, prevent the charging hole 41 of the hammer. To see how the valve blows 40 o the gooseneck valve is freely mounted on the piston rod 38

and all the time the springs 42 are released downwards. After the valve 40 has been seated in the hole 41 by the action of the piston rod 38, the springs 42 are compressed, and the part 5 is pressed tightly against the valve 46 (tightness between the valves 40 and the part 43 is reached by a leather gasket). From this point on, all pressure on piston 38 is transmitted through valve 40 to gooseneck, and piston 38 will stop, tightly closing bore 41, and part 39, overcoming resistance of spring 44, will begin to slide down the piston rod and open windows 45; compressed air will pass through the cavity of the rod into the gooseneck and squeeze the metal into the die. At the same time, the compressed air through the tee on line 37 through tube 46 enters the stoppers 47 and forces the pores 48 to move toward the gooseneck and stop the gooseneck from turning. In this position, the lower cavity of the cylinder 36 through pipe 49 is connected to the outside air. After pouring the die, the upper space above the piston 38 is connected to the outside air, and the space below the piston 38 through the pipe 49 is connected to the compressed air pipe. This will lead to the fact that the compressed air from the gooseneck will be released to the outside, the metal inlet will stop, the piston 38 will rise to the top and the loading opening 41 will open to fill in a new batch of metal. It is necessary for the gooseneck to immediately turn freely about its axis as it moves away from the die and that a part of the metal that can remain in the nozzle pours back into the gooseneck. In addition, when approaching the furnace for pouring metal and when moving back to the dies, the gooseneck must remain in a horizontal position. For this, a device of three stoppers 47, 47 and 54 is provided. The task of stoppers 47 is to hold the gooseneck in a horizontal position at the moment of metal injection, since one pressing the gooseneck to the dies, provided that at that time on the other side of its axis rotation, some pressing force of the piston 38 is inadequate. The operation of the stoppers 47 proceeds as follows: the air cylinders of the stoppers 47 are connected by a tube 46 through the tee to the pipe 37, and by the pipe 51 to the pipe 49, Therefore, when the pressure in the pipeline 37 rises and the pressure in the pipe 49 is no, the stopper 47 locks the grill; With the pressure in the pipeline 49 and the absence of pressure in the pipeline 37, the stopper exits its socket in the gooseneck. The stopper 54 holds the gooseneck in a horizontal position during the approach to the furnace and the reverse movement with the metal from the furnace in the direction of the matrix until it is pressed against the latter and the beginning of the intake of compressed air into the gooseneck. Compressed air enters through the valve 55 under the piston of the stopper 54 and removes it from the socket in the gooseneck. When the pressure in the gooseneck drops, the valve 53 closes the compressed air outlet from under the piston, thereby keeping it from latching the gooseneck, and the gooseneck, when the stoppers 47 exit from their sockets and the matrix departs, turn around the axis under the action of the spring 58. When the gooseneck departs from the matrix together with its supporting part 23

the stopper 54, which is tightly connected to this part, slides the stem 55 of the valve 53 along the plane 27 (Fig. 1), as a result of which the air comes out from under the piston and the piston moves to the side of the gooseneck under the action of a spring.

At the same time, the stop 26 rotates the gooseneck to a horizontal position, the stopper 54 falls into place and the gooseneck remains fixed during the rest of its movement in a horizontal position.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A press casting machine, characterized in that the pressure chamber (bush) 1 is movable with respect to the matrix form 2 and the melting unit 4 and is rotatable for the backward pouring of excess metal from the nozzle 5. 2. The form of the machine according to claim .1, characterized in that the movable part of the bed 6 is made in the form of a weighing platform, in order to weigh the next portion of the liquid metal coming from the melting unit 4 into the chamber pressure J, when the latter is located on the movable part, is about. X Cf o J f l eooo: Jht. 2 - (BL | D1Ё T E I I I I. J t i. V and rg / 7 ,. nl af, & 5.7 fo  one L4-2-7 Ji FIG. 3 f 98 97 } „Ga // m im. . S2} OO S 79 7 9 / 06 F | 7f 7.7 F A  2 6l222 i // // y / / r g to the author's certificate of A. No. Sh and V. 5. Schepetov to the author's certificate of A. Yao FIG. 7 V. Schepetova 26 I.AV.W V - l-7 one J1 G y author's testimony A. figs s 5- SHS S .jjfTlpirjlp  B; t / 1 i / l fcy / .i v / j G77  // - / go rli p1 55335 Shig, g / g4t A; V. Schepetova