SU549568A1 - Hydraulic hammer - Google Patents

Description

one

A hydraulic hammer is known, consisting of a casing, a spline nut, an anvil with a chisel, a differential ring valve, and a piston-hammer supported by an elastic element.

In a known hydraulic hammer, a hydraulic stroke of the forward stroke is transmitted directly to the hammer piston, which reduces the efficiency factor. hydraulic hammer due to the loss of part of the energy of a hydraulic shock in the accelerating pipeline.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the hydraulic hammer.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the piston rod-hammer is connected with the latter by means of an elastic element and is installed in it with the possibility of axially displaced relative to it.

The drawing shows a hydraulic hammer, a longitudinal section.

The hydraulic hammer consists of a body made of two cylinders / and 2 connected to each other. In the cylinder 1 there are holes 5 and 4 and an annular groove 5, and in cylinder 2 - channels 6 and 7.

In cylinders 1 and 2 are placed an annular valve 8 with an internal eccentric annular protrusion 9 and openings 10 and a hammer piston // with an annular protrusion 12. The diameter of the circumference of the annular protrusion 12 of the piston-hammer 11 is smaller than the internal diameter of the eccentric protrusion 9 of the valve 8 With such a construction of these parts, the valve 8 can be put on the piston-hammer 11 or removed from it only outside the cylinder 1 of the hammer.

In cylinder 1 of the impactor, because of the eccentricity of one of the annular projections of these parts, jumping off the valve 8 from the piston-hammer 11 is eliminated, which ensures the normal operation of the water hammer. The holes 10 are located in the same plane but around the circumference of the valve 8.

At the bottom, the cylinder (s) is closed by a slotted nut 13, in which the anvil 14 is placed, fastened to the bit 15.

In the slotted nut 13 and the anvil 14, exhaust ports 16 are provided. The piston-hammer 11 is clamped on the section uncompensated by the pressure of the spring 17. Instead of a spring, compressed air or another gaseous agent can be used as an elastic element.

On the outer surface of the cylinders / n 2, a cylindrical casing / 8 is fixed, forming with them an annular channel 19, communicating in the lower position of the valve 8 through the holes 4, the annular groove 5 and the holes 10 with the piston-piston cavity of the hammer 11 and constantly connected through channel 7 its piston cage 20. In cylinder 2, above piston hammer 11, an additional differential rod 21 is placed, supported by its front (large) end spring 17, and the rear (smaller) end is constantly in communication with the cavity 20 and the discharge pipe.

Hydraulic hammer works as follows.

In the drawing, the details of the hydraulic hammer are shown in the initial position, with the valve 8 pressed against the anvil M, the exhaust ports 16 are closed, the openings 10 of the valve 8 are opposite the annular groove 5 (at its upper edge), and the piston-piston cavity of the hammer // is communicated through holes 10, annular groove 5, holes 4, annular channel} 9, channel 7 with a piston cavity 20 n pressure pipe (rod column).

The flushing fluid pumped from the pipeline rigidly connected to cylinder 2 (the pipeline is not shown) enters the pad piston cavity 20 and then through the channels 7 and / P and the holes 4, 5 VI 10 - into the piston piston cavity of the hammer 11, pushes the hammer back (according to the drawing to the right). At the same time, the spring 17 is decelerated. After passing a predetermined distance, the hammer piston // touches with its annular protrusion 12 behind the internal eccentric annular protrusion 9 of valve 8 and tears it off the anvil 14, opening the exhaust ports 16. After this, the valve 8 moves backwards independently, since the area of the front (lower) end thereof is larger than the area of the rear (top) end face by the amount of the uncompensated pressure of the area communicating through the apertures 3 with the annulus space. In the initial period of movement back upwards, the openings 10 of the valve 8 are displaced relative to the annular groove 5 and are blocked, the piston-hammer 11 stops, the liquid column in the pipeline also stops and a hydraulic shock occurs, which transfers its energy through the rod 21 to the spring 17. Under by the action of a spring-breaker spring 17, the piston-hammer // rushes forward (to the left in the drawing), forces the liquid from the piston cavity out through the exhaust ducts 16. At the same time, the piston-hammer // meets the moving against the pressure of the exhaust fluid, the valve 8 carries it along with itself, strikes the anvil 14, clamps with the chisel 15 and presses the valve 8 against the anvil 14. As a result, the liquid is forced out of the piston cavity of the piston-hammer 11, the fluid column in the pipeline stops the hydraulic shock again stops and, due to the fact that the openings 10 of the valve 8 in its lower position coincide with the annular groove 5, is transmitted through these openings to the piston-piston cavity of the hammer //. The force of the water hammer and the overpressure of the liquid is driven back by the hammer and the process is repeated.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A hydraulic hammer consisting of an assembly casing, a spline nut, a chuck with a bit, a differential ring valve and a hammer, supported by an elastic element, characterized in that, in order to increase its performance, the piston rod is hammered to the latter by means of an elastic element and is installed in it with the possibility of axial movement relative to it. 13 i6 if 8 12 3