SU51287A1 - Apparatus for thermal processing of fuels - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for thermal processing of fuels and, in particular, the proposed device is intended to give practically pure hydrogen from cheap grades of solid, pulverulent or liquid fuels. The apparatus, shown schematically in the attached drawing, consists of the following units:

1) a bunker B with a chamber K for feeding supply to the reaction space;

2) reactor g and steam superheater P, connected to it by tap 0;

3) a steam jet injector I, enthralling fuel, nanr. coal dust from chamber K to the reactor;

4) Ki separator;

5) the heat exchanger W between the gases from the reactor and the water injected into the superheater P;

6) an absorption unit consisting of the absorber T itself and three interconnected tanks, of which the first Hw is designed to separate the reaction products coming from the reactor g, the second Hw, the spray catcher, and the third - Hw2 serves to control the absorption of the absorbent and separate removal of gases and liquids.

A device for supplying fuel, such as coal dust, to the reaction space has features associated with the need to inject material into the system with pressure. From the silo to the coal dust gets onto the auger placed inside the Sch cylinder and transported to the chamber v. Heavy coal particles fall down the chamber, from where they can be periodically removed through valve 11, and mainly coal is carried by the injector J. The screw in the cylinder Sch can be driven into rotation by any mechanisms from the outside, however, in this case its rotation is described. the action of wastewater from the absorption unit Hwii.

Water from Hwii in an amount regulated by valve 10 and through a gland E connecting the non-movable water supply pipe to the auger movable shaft and through tube s operating according to the Segner wheel, B goes to box Z from which it is removed from system. Thus, the rotation of the screw can be adjusted and, therefore, nodavat coal, respectively, needs. In addition, the auger with the coal on its surface is a shutter, allowing the pressure in the chamber to be above atmospheric.

To increase the injection rate, chamber E is supplied with steam from the superheater, and its number is regulated by the reducing valve 6. The operation of the injector J is controlled by the valve 5 and the non-return valve or clan 7. Control of the amount of coal; iar into the reactor is carried out i. The readings of the pressure gauges installed in the appropriate places (the fittings h, Jii and hn are shown for installation). The reactor gas generator and heater are of the same device, however, the device of the first device is identical. The reactor is a Wg iron or copper coil Wp, worn on pipe b, with which it is placed in a casing. Coil space between pipe b II with metal or alloy casing, aluminum, aluminum, etc., and such a melting temperature that is slightly higher than the optimum reaction temperature in the coil, in this case, the oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide at a given pressure.

As is well known, the reaction of water to carbon with carbon is endothermic and the necessary heat must be supplied from the outside. In this case, the reaction is carried out at the expense of a temela of flue gases moving from some fire box (nozzle), along the drip of the flame tube b, as indicated by the arrow to. evenly distribute heat along the flame tube b dripping, uniformly disperse the coil, and the most important thing is to accumulate excess heat due to the latent heat of melting, and thereby prevent the positive reaction progress and the rapid burning of the core of the flame tube. At the beginning of the melting of the medium, it can be seen from the demonstrations of the pyrometer introduced into the reactor through the nozzle a.

Subsequently, the gases from the reaction space, consisting mainly of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor that did not enter into the reaction, enter the dusty chamber Ei, where ash is left and sent to the heat absorber W of the conventional co-cooling device. In the heat exchanger countercurrent to the gases in the annular space, water circulates, pagpetaem not shown in the pump by the diagram; water is supplied to valve 1i and from the heat exchanger it is supplied for vaporization and overheating to a coil Wp of the superheater P operating on the exhaust gases of the flue tube of the generator gas generator g.

An overheated drug having a temperature close to that optimal for the oxidation of coal to carbon dioxide, and approximately 500, is partially discharged together with the coal through the injector, and its excess can be removed through valve 4.

Steam overheating is controlled by appropriate instruments (thermometer, pyromet (installed at points t and t, and adjustment can be achieved with 1, 2, etc.). Monitoring the progress of the reaction is possible according to the above-mentioned pyrometer installed at points a. reaction time, the temperature of the gases leaving the reaction coil Wp should be higher than the temperature of the mixture coming from the engineering vector.

From the heat exchanger W the gas mixture enters the absorber T, which is a pipe-coil in several turns; There, too, after neutralization and separation of the phases, the gas mixture remains in a free state — almost pure hydrogen, which is removed from the system through a non-return valve 8. Absorbite through valve 3 is introduced in such a quantity that in the Hwn tank with water glass, the glass is kept at a constant level.

The removal of water from Hwn is done through a reduction valve 9 and, in part, as indicated, through vent 10 to rotate the Sell screw. During the normal course of the process, the pressure gauge used in the liii point should have a pressure greater than hm in the Juicte and hill more than in the hiv point, but the pressure in the latter should always be higher than atmospheric, and in the ratio of all the gauges in the system It is a defined, pre-computed, dimension. It is obvious that the pressure in the system cannot be higher than in the injection line with water from the pump that is not indicated to the heater, and the fuse valve can be installed on this line. When oxidation is relatively steep

The particles of the coal injector J are not needed and the need for valves 5, 6 and 7 also disappears: the steam from the superheater goes directly to chamber K, and from it together with the coal to the reactor.

For the described process, as previously noted, both solid and liquid fuels can be used, as well as their mixture. In the latter case, the choice is presented: the mixture enters the bunker B, and its course is later the same as for coal dust, or - the liquid fuel goes separately to the auger at the point of entry of coal particles lz bunker B. The system gets liquid hydrocarbons; liquid oil can be injected anywhere from the pump to the reactor into the pipeline to overheat the steam, in which case the chambers K, Ki and injector J are not needed. In all cases, the control of the process of water decomposition is carried out in axis to the adjustment of valves (taps, valves) supplied on cold pipelines 1, 3, 8.9.

The above is described by the use of hydrogen from coal or liquid fuels by the decomposition of water. However, it is possible in this system to implement the process of fuel gasification. In this case, some changes must be made to the operating mode of the plant. In addition to the mixture of coal and steam, air is introduced into the reactor g, which is injected into chamber K, for example, via valve 11.

The subject matter of the invention.

1. An apparatus for thermal processing of a tonnage in the presence of water vapor, characterized in that it is made in the form of a coil Wp, which is inserted into an annular space formed by two pipes with II b, 113 of which internal b is designed for cutting the heating gases and free from coil the volume of the annular space is filled with a metal having a melting point that slightly exceeds the optimum temperature of fuel reprocessing.

2. When described in and. 1, the use of a steam superheater P is of the same design as a small-scale apparatus, connected in series along the heating gases and intended primarily for superheating in the coil Wp of the steam used in the axial process.

3.When the device but pi. 1 and 2 use a feed chamber K for a reprocessing fuel equipped with a vertical unloading sell speck, on the shaft of which a mount Segner wheel is mounted to bring the auger into rotation.

4. Application of the device, in pi. 1-3 to obtain hydrogen and cracking E hydrocarbons in the presence of water vapor. to the author's certificate of S.M. No. 51287 Konstantinov

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