SU45546A1 - Method and device for producing pure hydrogen - Google Patents

Description

The object of the present invention is a method and apparatus for producing pure hydrogen by means of water gas formed during the processing of coke, brown coal, peat and the like kinds of carbon-rich fuel without access to air from an externally heated generator into which superheated steam is blown; when the generator is heated to white heat, the process proceeds according to the reaction C - | - HjO CO + H ,.

The resulting gas is then enriched with hydrogen, passing it through the column, which is a continuation of the lower generator and equipped with controlled heating; the column is provided with separation walls consisting of refractory clay and charcoal. Enrichment is achieved by blowing superheated steam into 100-400 according to the equation CO + H2O. The enriched gas is injected in a condensation cleaner of known construction with lime milk, in which carbon dioxide and entrained coal dust and other impurities are released, while the remaining gas enters the purifier consisting of several externally heated pipes, connected as a coil and filled with the special described lower than the mass of soda and lime, which retains all the CO and COO that are still in hydrogen; the hydrogen flowing from this purifier enters the gasometer.

The oxidation of water gas occurs in a column filled with clay layers that form coarse refractory wavy surfaces. Inside the clay layers, granular pieces of charcoal are located, moreover, with such a calculation that the lower layers exposed to the highest temperature have the smallest percentage of coal, while the upper layers exposed to more and lower temperatures contain an increasing percentage of coal. Consequently, the water gas generated in the generator and passed through the column, and, on the other hand, the water vapor introduced into the column is vigorously stirred and mixed under the influence of pressure, temperature, velocity and amount of steam injected There are clay surfaces, and a chemical reaction between gases and water vapor occurs in the presence of charcoal under the most favorable conditions. The heat required for column heating is obtained from gases that heat the generator.

This new method and new adaptation is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which provide a schematic representation of the entire installation. FIG. 1 shows a generator with a column; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section cleaner, and in FIG. 3 is the same in section along the AA of FIG. 2

The device has a retort or generator /, equipped with a shell 2, which forms a refractory annular heating chamber 3 around the retort. The generator is heated throughout its height by the burners 4, located under each other; fuel loading (coke, lignite, peat, charcoal, etc.) occurs through the upper funnel 5, equipped with a valve b.

Water is supplied in the form of superheated steam through the lower pipe 7, and the temperature of the steam is such that the highly heated fuel is not cooled. The access of cold air is carefully blocked and the heating is so strong that in region 8 water gas is formed, which allows to obtain up to 70% of hydrogen.

The temperature of the fuel does not undergo any changes, since it is continuously heated from the outside by a constant number of burners, and the amount of superheated steam also remains unchanged, so that the water that is formed remains unchanged in terms of quantity and composition.

The retort or generator 1 has an upper continuation in the form of a column 9 in which the enrichment of the water coming from the generator of hydrogen occurs with hydrogen.

For insertion or suction of water gas into the column 9, a venturi pipe incorporated into the pipeline / 7 of water vapor blown into the column can be used.

The heat required to heat the mass is derived from the hot gases of the lower generator.

Combustion products leave through channel 12 and can be used, for example, to superheat steam. It goes without saying that both the retort and the column can be heated in other ways, since the heating is from the outside. The gas leaving the column 9 passes through the pipe 13 and the condensation-purifier B comes in 17

from known constructions containing milk of lime (recovery waste) for the release of carbon dioxide and coal dust; hence, the gas goes to a special purifier, in which hydrogen is completely freed from carbon monoxide and other gases. This cleaner consists of vertical interconnected pipes located inside chamber 18 (section A.-A) surrounded by refractory material 19.

Chamber 18 is heated to an experimentally determined temperature; for heating are burners 20, located one below the other. The gas exiting the purifier 17 flows through pipe 21 into the first pipe 14, flows upwards, then flows down through pipe 15 and rises again through pipe 16. Due to this, the gas travels a long way before it reaches the gasometer (in the drawing ). The gas flow path is indicated by arrows. The pipes are filled with a special mass of soda and lime, so that the smallest impurities of carbon and other substances still contained in the gas are released. soda-lime is prepared as follows. As the name suggests, soda-lime consists of a mixture of lime and salt, which is obtained by slaking lime with a solution of soda and calcining the mixture in a smelting crucible. The quenching produced according to the invention does not comply with the theory; the soda solution is added in order to give the mass a sufficient amount of binder and to ensure its proper shape after slow calcination.

This process takes place in retorts 14 to 16 during the soda lime regeneration period.

This calcined soda-lime is then dissolved at 95 ° with a 5% soda solution in a ratio of 800 g per kg of soda to produce, and fine soda lime is obtained. It enters the closed ventilated. a cone-shaped separator, in which the release of burnt particles takes place, which could block the passage for gas in retorts during operation. The mass is then poured into molds, divided by walls into rectangular compartments of size PQM B 50X100 XO l. The walls of the dormant on the moving bottom serve to dump the resulting briquettes. Forms are mounted on an endless transport belt; powdered soda-lime is sprayed in soda forms with soda and milk of lime or soda solution at 50 °. Spraying occurs gradually, so that in the forms the mass does not become a pasty-like liquid, and the solution slowly penetrates ode-lime powder; each further spraying is performed only when the previous liquid has already penetrated all the powder. The number of sprays is so calculated that when the forms come to the end of the conveyor belt, they are provided with a kind of soda-bake hydrate briquettes, which can be easily removed and put on wooden racks, on which soda-lime in a few hours gets solid form.

The same result can be achieved by displacement, however, with the method described above, soda-lime is not crushed and worn, and good briquettes are obtained containing 1200 t of hot solution per 2 kg of loroshka soda-lime. The solution penetrates the powder slowly and turns it into a solid, very porous, and so high in moisture content that the briquettes are particularly suitable for the rapid absorption of the CO contained in the aqueous gas. Briquettes having a size of about 50X 00X30 mm dry on racks very quickly under the influence of heat contained within the mass. Compared to other smaller bodies, briquettes have the advantage that the number of drying surfaces is not large, so that the humidity is better maintained.

This method also has the advantage of being possibly precise: determining the conditions under which briquettes can be obtained, which, without requiring special drying, can be put into operation in a few hours. The degree of humidity has a strong effect on gas cleaning, so it can save a lot of time on heating.

achieve a longer cleaning period, better preservation of & and, above all, better lime soda regeneration.

Soda lime briquettes harden after a few hours, preserving porosity, and can be put into operation. Their surface is shiny and carbonated, which prevents coagulation of the mass in the retort. The size of the briquettes depends on the size of the retort. The larger it is, the longer can be briquettes with a constant thickness.

To clean the retort, before using the briquettes, the soda or potassium solution is slowly evaporated, which completely releases the retorts from COj and O and further enriches the surface with carbon dioxide.

The mass introduced into pipes J4-16 may also be manufactured by other means, but must contain lime and soda or potassium.

For example, you can use caustic lime with a solution of soda or potassium, as well as soda with a solution of caustic lime or soda-lime.

The gas protruding from the cleaning coil 14-7 (5 is practically clean and enters the gas meter.

In large installations, two furnaces with a cleaning coil are installed, one of which is operated and the other is emptied to regenerate the contents.

It goes without saying that you can use any burners or other means for heating, since the generator, the column and the pipes are heated along their entire length.

The described method and device have the following main advantages:

1) by producing a gas rich in hydrogen when entering the cleaning coil, only a very small amount of soda is consumed;

2) cleaning is very simple and perfect;

3) the pipes are cleaned before use;

4) manual work requires a little

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for producing pure hydrogen from water gas produced in an externally heated generator by introducing superheated steam into the lower part of the generator with further oxidation of carbon monoxide with superheated steam, characterized in that the oxidation of carbon monoxide with superheated steam to carbonic acid with the release of additional amount of hydrogen from the oxidizing agent (water vapor) heated from the outside of the chamber, having a refractory porous, arranged in layers, materials, for example, clay, containing coal within the grain, and at a temperature precluding the gasification of this coal, and after that First, gas is cleaned from carbonic acid and suspended solids by conventional methods, and then from carbon monoxide residues in an outside serpentine heated system of pipes filled with a mass of soda and lime. 2. Acceptance of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain a mass of soda and lime, the lime is quenched in the soda solution and the mixture is calcined and then again quenched in the soda solution, the quick particles are removed, and the molds are filled with fluff and sprinkled with lime milk on top to obtain a product in solid form. 3. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a generator / and installed above it, being its continuation, a chamber 9 for oxidizing carbon monoxide, in which chamber porous refractory layers are made in the form of alternating, horizontally arranged plates enclosing coal from cleaner 77 for cleaning the generator gas from carbonic acid and solid lime and coil cleaner 7 for cleaning gas from carbon monoxide. -one