SU43605A1 - Axial threshing machine or axial threshing and chopping machine - Google Patents

Description

Patent No. 36971 describes an axial thresher with a finger drum, in which the fingers are made in various lengths and are located on the shaft in such a way that the distance from the ends of the fingers to the surrounding casing or to the protrusions fixed on it is reduced or steps in the direction of movement of the grain mass with the purpose of the threshing of the latter with free blows (flinging) at the front of the drum and the breaking and crushing of straw in subsequent sections.

In the present invention, the periodic removal of the processed mass from the scope of the rotary working parts of the thresher and the reverse introduction of this mass into the scope of their action is given to the thresher casing, in its upper part, an asymmetrical expansion is given with a smooth inner surface and with the formation on the side of the casing where the working parts have a direction of rotational movement from top to bottom, the surface intended to direct the treated mass into the machine.

In FIG. 1 shows one half, and FIG. 2-the other half of the axial thresher in a vertical section along the longitudinal median plane; FIG. 3 is a section along the line in FIG. one; FIG. 4 is a section along the line in FIG. one; FIG. 5 shows a section along the V-V line in FIG. 2; FIG. b-view from above of fixedly mounted, tearing parts; FIG. 7 is a side view of jointly operating fixed and rotating tearing parts; FIG. 8 is a side view of an axial thresher in another form of implementation; FIG. 9 is a vertical section of this machine in the middle plane; FIG. 10-vertical section of a modified machine; FIG. 11 is a section along line XVII-XVII in FIG. 9; FIG. 12 is a section along line XVIII-XVIII in FIG. 9, FIG. 13 shows a section along line XIX - XIX in FIG. eleven; FIG. 14 is a section through line XXIV-XXIV in FIG. 9; FIG. 15 is a vertical section along the longitudinal median plane of the screw in the device for cleaning the grains; FIG. 16 is a cross-section along line XXXI-XXXI in FIG. 15; FIG. 17 is a section along line XXXI-XXXII in FIG. sixteen; FIG. 18 view of the separation chamber from the end; FIG. 19 is a side view of another modification of the threshing and tearing machine; FIG. 20 is a view from the other side, with a partial vertical section along the median longitudinal plane; FIG. 21 is a section along the line FIG. 20; FIG. 22-section modified upper half device

cars; FIG. 23 shows a section along the V-V line in FIG. 20; FIG. 24 is a longitudinal view of the inclined surface between the two cavities of the machine; FIG. 25 is a longitudinal section through such a surface; FIG. 26 is a section along the line V1I1-VIII in FIG. 20; FIG. 71-vertical section along the longitudinal median plane of the modified axial threshing machine; FIG. 28 is a section along line XI-XI in FIG. 27; FIG. 29 is a section along the line in FIG. 27; FIG. 30 is a perspective view of one of the parts; FIG. 31 is a vertical section along the longitudinal median plane through the modified lead end of the axial threshing machine; FIG. 32 and 33-transverse cuts along the line in FIG. 31 with a modified device for tearing and loosening tools; FIG. 34 and 35 are sections along lines XVII-XVII and XVIII-XVni in FIG. 33.

The casing / axial threshing machine (Fig. 1-5) is designed in such a way that it breaks comparatively little straw intended for bedding. On the shaft, predominantly a hollow mounted at the front and rear end of the machine on the frame 2, the working bodies of the bale 5 were fitted, fitted at the free ends with wide, if necessary, corrugated threshing plates 6.

Between the casing /, which does not have any special resistant parts that can cause the destruction of the stems, and the threshing plates b are wide (the annular cavity 7 is interrupted in the entrance part / by the threshing nasal protrusion of the Ui guide body 9. The guide body 9 is a wedge, running approximately in the horizontal mid-plane of the machine from its front wall and ending in the wide part of the inlet in front of the front wall / 7 of the latter. waiting for the body 9 and the protrusion 8, the radial wall 12 separates the material insertion point in the axial direction from the threshing space 11. At the casing / there is an expansion 14 at the top, starting at the wall opposite the opening 10 for the material to enter,

slightly above the horizontal plane cpef. It goes first in the tangent direction upwards and then goes, maintaining a constant K {viscosity, into the deflecting surface facing the inside of the machine. Extend 14 goes from the guide te | until the last p yes beat. In the place of waiting for the deflecting surface, the threshing space is arranged in a micro-nasal projection 16.

Rear threshing space; limited by the locking disk / 7, mounted on the shaft 2 and having a removable about 18 diameter bent in the direction to the beams, such that between the disk the casing 7 remains sufficiently wide | annular slot 19 for removing soy we. The holes 20 in the disk 17 serve as j intake air. Behind the closure disk 77 there is an inclined surface 27 running on the sieve surface 13, having a conical shell that diverts the outgoing salt and thus separates the grains. King 22 denotes wings located to the rear side of the fan disc 77. In place of exit from the machine crowbars (Fig. 1 and 2) to the latter could | any design of the method or machine 25 for OKOHN to handle the straw, for example, the extraction of the grains still remaining in it

Approximately behind the 5th and 9th pillars on sieve 13 are placed retaining partitions 24 of relatively large height,

In the plane of the rear partition, at corresponding distances of each other, are located in the radial direction on the wall of the casing in the part between the deflecting surface of the sieve 13 of the rod 25. They reach the circle of rotation of the plates 6 on a row with the other, for other things, to prevent BOCi from being too fast npoff threshing material movement in the radial direction. Such a series of rods can be several fj if necessary, they can be arranged behind the sieve 13 and in the deviation of the extension 14, where they are indicated by the dotted line.: J

The material entering through the inlet 70 {material is captured by the rotation

with bilami b and hit the protrusion 5, due to which a significant part of the threshing work is already done at the place of entry. By pressing the protrusion 8, the material to be threshed is loosened in the next free annular space 7, after which it is withdrawn to separate the grains onto the sieve J3 (Fig. 3). It then falls on the guide body P, which is dented by the width of the inlet aperture back in the axial direction (in Fig. 1 to the right).

During the process of pushing, the material being processed comes out of a circular movement caused by the action of the blows, and under the influence of centrifugal force enters the tangential expansion 14, here the deflecting wall / 5 again causes it to change its direction so that it thrusts through 16 (fig. 4) again falls within the scope of the strike. As a result, etbgo again has an energetic impact on the threshed material, which is relatively slightly torn. Then it is conducted along the annular space 7 located under the protrusion 16 along, a row of rods 25, and it partially passes between these rods, and is partially retained by them. This feature in the material management method is aimed at enhancing the threshing effect, improving the softening of the straw and less impeding the movement of the working air. Then, sieves of straw are sifted out on sieves 13, which again, coming out of a circular motion, falls into expansion 14, so that after the secondary deflection of the protrusion 16, it is subjected to vigorous threshing. Thereafter, being re-cut out, it leaves the threshing space through the annular slot 19. The rim 18 is designed to prevent the grains hitting the delaying disk 17 from passing through the annular slot 19 and to deflect them towards the sieves J3. The material pushed by the working blast to the inclined surface 21 loses a considerable part of the grains still remaining in it when it deviates from the direction of its path. Separation process

Favored by the fan blades 22 of the air stream, which acts as a loosening agent on the straw, is favored by the fan blades. Instead of the expansion 14, special bypass channels can also be arranged through which the material to be processed can automatically exit in the tangential direction and re-enter in the radial direction.

When a thresher is arranged together with a straw chopping machine, a tearing straw section adjoins the threshing section, in which the threshing hammers are replaced by breaking tools. Pry each bil 5 mounted tearing sawtooth body with two fingers 26, working together with tearing fingers 27 of the casing wall (Fig. 7). Splitting the fingers 27, in each case depending on the desired degree of crushing of the straw, are arranged either in one row, or in several rows arranged in the axial direction. The tearing fingers have the shape of knives and are provided with a blunt saw 30 at one edge and a blade 37 at the other edge (Fig. 7).

The threshing section in this case also works in the same way as usual. Comparatively, having slightly bursting, but slightly softened straw falls at the end of a row of 25 rods per sieve / 5 with a sufficiently flat mass, then spreads out along the smooth ascending wall of expansion J4 and its deflecting surface 75 in the direction along the machine and finally, it is evenly distributed over the first row of knives; then, under the impact of the blows from the rotating tearing fingers 26, it is subjected to simultaneous vigorous softening of the final threshing and grinding, and then falls on the next rows of knives 26.

FIG. 8 and 9, which show the threshing section of an old construction, the numeral 35 denotes the fixed anti-resistant parts (acting in the opposite direction), the numeral 36 rotating working parts, the numeral 37 the working cylinder and the numeral 39 the buffer space serving

leveling with uneven loading of bread.

Adjacent to the exit edge of the working cylinder 37 is a straw finishing machine 23, consisting of two centrifugal or plowing chambers 7 and 42, an exit or suction chamber 43 and a straw 44 serving for carrying out the straw. The first plowing chamber 41 is separated from the rear 45 of the working cylinder 37 with a retaining disk 17. For partial overlapping of the annular gap 19, walls 48 are arranged in the circumferential direction.

With the device according to FIG. 10, at the exit end of the working cylinder 37, in the area of action of the retaining disk 77, there is an inclined surface 27, which deflects the material leaving the annular gap 19 into the internal cavity of the machine. The grains that separate out of this deviation exit the cylinder 37 through the slit 124. In the upper part of the working cylinder, the annular slit 19 partially overlaps in the radial direction with the wall 725 extending from the machine casing.

The number 49 denotes the rake on the handles 5 ((FIG. P), which dump the chopped straw coming out of the annular gap 19 into the side depressions 57, 52. The latter are also equipped with backwardly inclined sieves 53, 54 or a discharge surface 55. They come to output chamber 43. Wall 56 separates chamber 41 from chamber 42, in which rakes 57 rotate (fig. 10), mounted on handles 55 (fig. 12). The number 59 denotes a perforated bottom, which on both sides through ledges 60, 61 turns into a sieve surface 53. Digit 62 shows a part of the bottom, which is a solid wall ( of 10-13).

The chamber 43, in which the pushing and breaking fingers 64 rotate, is bounded by the front wall 63, and the rear parts 66, 67 leaving the annular gap 65 free (Fig. 9).

Fan 44 has fan blades 5P (FIG. 9) mounted on blade-shaped handles 68, which blades draw straw outgoing from outlet chamber 5 through channel 70

(Fig. 14). The dividing partition 71, reinforced behind the arms 68 (FIG. 9), forms two suction chambers 72, 73, which, if necessary, can be continued like pressure chambers. This is achieved by changing the disk 77 to a larger disk or by bringing it through the circular ring 74 indicated by the dotted line to the outer wall of the fan. When the disc 77 is bladed, the handles 68 are made in the chamber 72 by blowing (fig. 9). At the bottom of the machine is equipped with a casing, which gets the material to be cleaned with screens 13 at the bottom of the inclined surface 27 and the dividing walls. In the constricted lower part of this casing, a screw 92 is placed to advance the material to be cleaned to the rear end of the machine, where the device for separating the arms is arranged. The auger 92 is extended beyond the limits of the outlet, straw. Together with the elongation, it forms part of the grain pre-cleaner. The fixture consists of a chamber 95 (Fig. 14), an extension of the chamber for the auger and provided with a ramp 96, onto which the blades P7 (Fig. 15) reinforced between the turns of the auger are thrown to the material to be cleaned. Above the endless screw and slightly in front of the lower edge of the slope 96 ends the wide mouth of the discharge air duct 88 (Fig. 8). At a certain distance, posadiscaster RF begins with a wide suction port 83 (Fig. 14). The number 98 denotes a channel for the reverse movement of the grain. Within the fixture for cleaning, the screw turns are less steep. At the exit from the box for a screw, adjustable barrier flaps 99 are arranged (Fig. 9).

To adapt the preliminary; cleaning adjoins the elevator, raising the grain in the usual type of device for final cleaning. The last straw escapes into the pipeline leading to the fan 44.

In various embodiments, the shaft 4 is hollow and is placed in bearings 727 and 722 outside the working spaces (Fig. 9) so that the bearings do not hinder the advancement of the threshed material.

With the device according to FIG. 8 and 9, the crushed straw falls from the annular gap 19 directly into the feather. A new chambered chamber 41, from where it is poured in small portions by rakes 49 into depressions 57-, 52 with tedders 89, 90 installed in them (Fig. U, 12) and scattered in the longitudinal direction of the machine over mesh surfaces 53, 54 wide layers of small thickness. This entails the deviation of straw from the circular path and a more or less significant slowdown in its progress, as a result of which, due to a change in direction and speed, under the influence of the centrifugal force, the grains are separated from the lighter straw and are sifted through sieves.

When performing the machine according to FIG. 10, due to the partial closure of the annular gap / P, most of the material is thrown onto the conical inclined surface 27; the ratios are chosen so that the working blast removes straw from the straw; 41 into the throwing chamber 41, while the grain, owing to insufficient force, blows to the shell 91 {Fig. 12). The work on the separation of the grains is facilitated by the fact that heavy grains located mainly in that part of the material, which is located in the working or core, are diverted from the upper half of the machine through the wall 725 to the inclined surface 21.

Pushing back the rake 49 mounted on the transport with a rake 49, the straw crawls, releasing additional grain to the second throwing chamber 42, where it again begins to make a circular motion. From here it is again thrown into the hollows 57, 52 and from there it is led away along the ledges 60.61 into the chamber 43, where the lips of the differently designed fingers 64 are designed so that all the straw that falls on the sieve 59 is thoroughly ground to separate and then push it towards blower 44 (figs. 10, 11 and 12).

In FIG. 15-18 of the cleaning attachment design, there is a screw 92 with flinging blades 97 and a side separation chamber 727 forming the initial part of the intake air duct 725. At the point of entry of air there is a regulating device 72P, for example, a rotating damper. The chamber has an oblong shape and is parallel to the screw 92, with which it communicates through the slot 130 in the wall. The chamber wall, located against the slit, adjoins the box of the endless screw in the upper part with a bulge, and in the lower part, with a slope that prevents the backward slippage of grains. The inclined surface 752 arranged below the air outlet 131 is also intended for the retraction of the grains.

The material to be cleaned is thrown by the blades 97 of the endless screw to the side and pivots to the overlap of the chamber 727, against which it hits and is held back in its movement. The lighter particles are trapped in the air stream. Such entrainment of these particles takes place mainly only when the material loses its speed when it hits the overlap, and the air flow is strongest. After turning in the direction of movement, the grains are again washed with air and cleaned, after which they slide back to the endless screw. Within opening 757, there is no discharge opening.

The individual parts may coincide with those of the device shown in FIG. 9 and 14.

To simplify the shape of the casing of the machine described above, the upper part of the casing, located in front of the beating guns 6 going down, is arranged in such a way that behind the top of the expansion 14 it passes with a slight retracted curvature 7 into the cylindrical part of the casing (Fig. 19-21). At the same time, in the threshing section, at the threshing protrusion 16a, an appropriate inclination of the surface is made for the exit, and the protrusion itself is arranged slightly below the entry point

slots 1c formed by the cylindrical part of the housing lying below the curvature and the beating tools. The threshing protrusion 76a may be arranged above, approximately directly at the point of entry of the annular gap / s, or in front of it. The curved part perceives the pressure from the impact from the side of the straw being thrown, removes the latter back into the scope of the Buch and their tools and delivers it to the beels 6 only in such quantity that the treatment proceeds unhindered.

A new type of casing device is also available in the /// ripping section, where curvature is also provided in the casing for receiving incoming straw scattered in the screw direction and withdrawing it in parts to the tearing tools 26, 27 (Fig. 23). For this, the first row of fixed knives 27 is installed slightly below the transition point of part b, curved with a slight bend inside the cylindrical part of the casing.

In order to stiffen the casing, it is recommended to arrange a strip d at the top of the car going from the front edge of the car to its rear part, which serves as a bridge, as outlined in FIG. 22. Instead of a row of 25 rods, a row of iron strips 25a can also be used (Fig. 21).

In order to improve the screening work of the inclined surfaces 27 arranged across the longitudinal direction of the machine, the latter 27 are arranged according to fig. 24 and 25 of a wavy shape or are provided with other protrusions and depths so that the incoming material for cleaning passes over the protrusions 2 / a and leaves the grains in the grooves 21b equipped with nozzles 2 / s. In this exemplary embodiment, wavy elevations and depressions run in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the machine.

At the entrance to the fan 44, it is recommended to arrange a device that sucks its effect and thereby influences directly the amount of straw output. A device that washes, for example, consists of a circular disk / 57/57 (Fig. 20) fixed or rotating with a shaft, arranged in front of the inlet / 55, bounded by the walls 2 /, 67 of the fan. O6ojE f39 is installed with a slope. By re-setting the disk / 57 along the axis or replacing the rim / 5P with a rim of a different diameter, we can reach B, but achieved in the widest possible exchange: pax adjusting the size of the hole sections / 55.j

In the device of the cover of the thresher MO

t ± the following change will be entered. Typically, in axial threshing mechanisms, the annular space surrounding the rotating parts has the largest value in the entrance part of the Schg decreases to the point of exit. You can help: step back and gradually increase: the space between the rotation of the machine and the machine cover or the thin ledges from the native hour towards the exit point. A new type of structure has the advantage that it reduces losses in friction and speed, and consequently decreases the expenditure of force. This costruc- ture is particularly suitable for high-capacity machines that produce bedding straw, in which a wide passage openings are required for passage without clogging up their large masses of the material to be deformed.

FIG. 27, 28 and 29 show that with the remaining length of the rotating parts of the b space / 55 (Fig. 28), between the rotation circle: the outer ends of the parts 6, the so-called rotation circle / 59 beat, and the cylinder -1g by the drift wall of the housing below the elevation of 8 and / 6a, in the inlet part, / less-f, than in the outlet part //. It is also advisable that the OT-I inclining f4 broadening in the threshing part / is smaller than in the MO-J of the lottery part I.

Forming the bottom of the jar / sieve / 5, consisting of, for example, from the grid, pac-f is placed at a considerable distance, from the circle of 75P rotation hit and falling adjacent to the casing / at the edge of the inci- dent: 5). Its oncoming part / 5 &: is essentially flat and extends to the vertical mid-longitudinal plane of the machine. Beginning; from here comes the escaping part 13c, which is just about a certain distance

standing behind the circle 159 and the income almost to the horizontal mid-plane; then, it again adjoins the casing 7, described below, in the expanded threshing unit / 7 at the casing nast located directly in front of the ycTyi; ioM 13a. There is a part of 13d.

In the machine described above, behind the shedding edge of the 13 screens, there are protrusions on which, under the influence of centrifugal force, grain is separated from the straw in large quantities. With the device according to FIG. 28, behind the part 75c of the screen at the incoming part I there is one step 134, and with the device according to FIG. 29 and 30, two steps 134a and 134b are arranged behind part 75c of the threshing space 77. The upper walls of the ledges and 75 are horizontal, with the large ledge 134b this wall is inclined to the internal cavity of the machine in order to allow parts of the straw, head in, etc., to fall back. In the ledges formed both between themselves and with the sieve 75 and with the casing 7, the dead spaces of the grain are well separated, and then retracted through the numerous openings 755. In FIG. 21, a ledge 134 is also indicated. The screen 75 consists of corner bars 755, of which each pair of adjacent ones forms between each other a nozzle-shaped slit 136 intended for the exit of the grain and for the admission of air.

The protrusion 16a is recommended to be positioned significantly further from the 75P circle of rotation, rather than the protrusion 8. It is also recommended to provide for the possibility of rearranging it in relation to beats 6 or to make it easily replaceable, fixed for this purpose with screws.

From the top of the low threshing protrusion, ntti, close-distance incomes to wide-surface beels, arranged like rake fingers 76, which also work well in relation to the removal of grains and preliminary rupture (Fig. 22).

The stems entering when feeding in a smooth state and occupying a relatively small space of sheaves during the threshing process over the protrusion 8, as well as when moving through the annular gap 158 and through the sieve 75

to the deflection broadening, 14 is processed into a random mass, which occupies a much larger volume when entering the section. This volume can be processed in the more space of the section // freely. When the threshing material passes from the space 158 to the sieve 75, the grains are separated from the ledge 13a and, falling onto the sieve 756, pass through it, and the coated material passes through the front part of it. Then, the material is screened out on a sieve 75 and after that it is removed through the benches 134, 134a, 134b, where the grain is again separated.

Behind the threshing section) // there is a collection space for straw. Located between this space and the fan 44, the cone tube 160 (Fig. 27) has an elongated shape and a gentle rise. Its lower part has a wavy shape with waves going in the transverse direction to the helical path of straw movement, or is supplied with some other protrusions and depressions. The number 767 denotes the holes distributed over the wave troughs for the release of grains. The advantage of this inclined surface of the new type, adapted for longer varieties of bedding straw, is the more complete selection of the grains, which is a consequence of the greater length of the screening surface in the axial direction.

i FIG. 31 depicts a modification of the device in which the entire lower half of the tapered tube 160 is used for sifting, due to the wave projections arranged in the transverse direction to the machine shaft. In the cavities of the wave surface, holes 161 are arranged for the release of grains, which are provided with inward bends 767a (fig. 27), directed in the direction of flute.

The cone tube 160 together with the cone 762 located on the threshing shaft 4 can form an annular channel, the cross-sectional area. which starts from the chamber, evenly decreasing towards the fan 44, the annular channel 765, thanks to its device and location, makes it possible to almost straight forward flow of straw from the threshing section // through the collecting chamber 14f to the fan 44, since the latter produces sucking directly off. threshing material exit points. Exhaust air from the threshing machine passes along with the intake air of the fan. The size of the cross section of the annular channel J63 can be changed, but the cone can also be arranged stationary and provided, if necessary, with the f64 valve moving along the machine axis.

To prevent straw from entering through the annular channel 63 into the fan, due to excessive suction, without sufficient sifting, devices, for example, guide baffles 166 (Fig. 27), are arranged in this channel, causing the straw to move through the wavy sieve of the cone tube J60 .

The trough 9f, in which the endless screw 92 is placed, is in connection by means of a slit} 67 (Fig. 27) in the front wall of the chamber 4 /, the size of which can be adjustable with this space, and by means of an annular channel / 65 with a fan 44 With such a device, the intake air quickly carries away the straw and removes its stagnation on the grate.

The upper part of the M7 straw space ends at the top flush with the threshing section. Since the annular channel (63) has a smaller diameter, an indent (75) forms in the upper part of the chamber J4f, which is not blocked to the full height by an inclined surface (74). In order to change the rate of progress of the straw along the ring channel (65), blades 765 are mounted on the cones (Fig. 27).

A new type of machine with an increased distance between fixed and rotating parts for the free passage of the threshed material without blocking requires special means to achieve, despite the rapid passage of the material, the purity of the threshing work, soften the straw, or to separate the grain from straw.

These tools consist of the inclusion of: a peculiar use of a special collecting chamber / 4J for inter-straw straw with a long inclined surface and a superior threshing space. A straw collection chamber, in which the surface itself is at a distance equal to the extended part of the casing from the shaft, can be mounted stationary and rotating parts, by means of which final haphazardization, softening, tearing, etc. can be performed. This chamber M / serves also to level with uneven amounts of straw, the removal of which due to this is done with greater uniformity. The chamber 14 /, located in front of the conical tube / 60 (Fig. 31), serves as a space for final threshing. As rotating organs, there are approximately two wide shock / blade blades opposed to each other / 75 mounted on strong transport. The diameter of the rotation circle of the outer ends of these blades (the circle of rotation beat) is larger than that for guns 6 rotating in sections and machine II. The blades operate in conjunction with one or more threshing protrusions / 6a.

To obtain less torn straw, impact vanes / 75 and one or more protrusions / 6a are put in place for final re-chattering. In order to obtain smaller straws on the holders: the resident 5 is put on the blades / 7 in place of the blades or on the same blades or knives; others shown in FIG. 32 dotted line: JfiT cutting or tearing guns, passing as they move along the oppositely working parts 27, also shown; a dotted line, for example, fingers with a side saw strip, which parts are locked; captives on the machine cover.

In order to soften the straw to a greater or lesser extent, for example, in the upper part of the chamber / 4 / there are several rough squares / 76 located in the axial direction (Fig. 32), which the straw strikes when making a circular motion. The softening effect of shovel-shaped hitters / 75 can:

be raised by a slight bend in the opposite direction of their free end / 77, passing at a short distance from the squares 176.

There is another possibility to: soften or tear the straw, namely, by treating it in guide channels with inclined walls under the combined action of centrifugal barriers and more or less sharp presses; at the same time, final habituation and separation of grains takes place. FIG. 33-35, 775, denotes channels formed between the inclined walls between the housing part 1 and the mesh screen 75 into the straw chamber 141, and the same channels can be arranged on the opposite side of the machine casing. The walls are recommended to be provided with protruding ribs 779, with each of the ribs located opposite each other in the channel being displaced in the circumferential direction. Depending on whether the treatment is not yet torn, or that the straw has already been pretreated, the channel has a greater or lesser width. Their entrance is arranged in the form of a funnel and is equipped with devices for breaking straw and separating the grains. If considerable softening of the straw is required, then the blades 180 are mounted in the channels, tapering towards their free end and having a V-shaped elevation on the battering side, which guns pass near the walls or ribs 179.

The straw is grasped by the blades 180, thrown into the channels 178 and pushed through the latter, undergoing softening, tearing and final banging. The grains remaining in the material being processed still fall to the bottom of the channels and roll out from there, almost no encounter of obstacles from the side of straw, to the sieve bottom.

The subject of the patent.

Claims (17)

1. The form of the axial thresher described in patent No. 36971, characterized in that in order to periodically remove the treated mass from the scope of the rotary working parts 5-6 of the thresher, as well as to reverse this mass to the scope of their action, the thresher casing, its upper part is given an asymmetrical expansion 14 with a smooth internal surface and with the formation on the side of the casing where the working bodies have a direction of rotational movement from top to bottom, the surface 75 intended to direct the machining I put the mass inside the machine, to the ends of the rotating organs, and a guide body 9 is installed against the opening of the thresher 10 entering the housing of the thresher (Figs. 1-5 and 21). 2. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the speed of advancement of the processed mass in the radial direction, the rods 25 are used, located inside the casing or along its entire circumference, including the extension 14, or only - or parts of the grinder cover in one or several rows in the direction transverse to the machine axis (Fig. 2, 5, 21 and 22). 3. The form of the machine according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that, in order to increase the distance between the ends of the rotating bodies and the machine casing, part of the casing is made stepwise with a corresponding increase in diameter, and according to the increase in diameter of the cylindrical part of the casing its expanded part can be made in the radial direction of increasing (Figs. 27-29). 4. The form of execution of the machine according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that the sieve 13 forming the bottom of the casing is designed so that it is adjacent to the casing or directly descending ledge 13a ((|) u) on the input side of the material being processed. 28), or at first a part approaching the center and then by the indicated ledge, and then, approximately to the vertical median longitudinal plane of the machines, lies flat. 5. The form of the machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the horizontal sieve 13 in the direction opposite to that with which The dacha of the material being processed, set first concentrically to the circumference of rotation, then hit the horizontal mid-plane of the machine and adjoins the casing wall with one or several successive steps 134 located and provided with holes 133 (Fig. 28-134 and Fig. 29, 30- J34a and 134b), with the upper ledge} 34b being inclined, and the next one is horizontal. 6. A machine change as claimed in claim 1 and following, characterized in that in order to achieve proper threshing and separation from the heap of grain by leveling the course of the processed product before leaving the product from the mashina or when moving it from one compartment to another, a collection chamber 141 is located (Fig. 20 and 27) with the possibility of placing in it rotating or stationary working bodies for threshing or softening or breaking the straw (Fig. 31 and 32). 7. The form for making maschiny according to claim 6, characterized in that, in order to ensure the softening of straw, around the circumference of the inner surface of the chamber 141, partitions with protruding ribs 179 are installed, forming grooves for removing the grain, and on the horizontal shaft of the drum in its place The passage through the chamber 141 is strengthened at the ends 180, located in the said grooves (Fig. 33, 34, 35). 8- A form for carrying out the maschine according to claim, characterized in that the drum casing is from above in the longitudinal direction, in one or several places, mainly in the part of the chopping straw, provided with cavities 51 and 52 with inclined netted slopes 54 installed inside them or separating the hollows by the planes 55 and the mesh surfaces 53, passing mainly through the ledges 60 and 61 and the mesh bottom 59, which hollows either connect the different compartments of the machine separated by partitions or carry the material over the screens ohm and the same compartment, or withdrawn to a straw anyway dispensation straw out of the machine (Figs. 11, 12 and 13). 9. The form of execution of the mashina of petition p. 8, characterized in that in the void-}; na 51 and 52 are installed one or another 1-o | grating devices 89, 90, predn: i: meant for loosening the passing | through the hollows of the material (Fig. 11 and 12 A ;: 10. The form of execution maschiny poep. 1 ff., Characterized by the use of semi-annular inclined surfaces (for example, 21, Fig. 1), intended to delay and deflect grain movement:} 11. The form of execution of the nof j clause 10, characterized in that the inclination is 1 and the surfaces are made wavy forms with protrusions and depressions (Figs. 25, 21a and 21b) along the slope on the surface and to remove the grain entering the grooves are equipped with a pipe 21c. 12. The form of execution maschiny by | Claim 11, characterized in that for the collection of the collecting chamber 141 or indirectly, the casing of the threshing part of the mashina is mediated with a fan-slug 160 installed between the s-1 fan and between them; fluted mi; or another kind of alternating high and low stumps and depressions with openings 161 t along the depressions intended for; skip straw-1; in (Fig. 27 and 31). 13. The form of execution of maschina in accordance with f. 12, characterized in that, for the purpose of | obtaining a more straightforward 3 walk of straw inside the conical tube; i; 160, a second J cone 162 is mounted on the maschine shaft, forming with the first uniformly somewhat narrowing downward annular channel 163. 14. The form of execution maschina on W nn. 12 and 13, characterized by the use of a gate-type |: 164 movable along the axis of the masking for adjusting: 1 channel section 163. 15. The form of execution maschine by; J; pp 13 and 14, characterized in that, in order to change the rate of advancement :: J: straw through the annular channel 163, by Js; the cone 162 is installed Blades 165. & 16. The form of execution maschiny PP. 13-15, characterized in that, in order to reduce the intensity of the inoculation, the fan 44, treat the processing mass and direct it through the undulating bottom sieve, guide baffles 166 are installed in the channel 755. 17. The form of the machine according to Claim. 1 and following, characterized in that the screw 92 placed under the threshing drum and used to carry out the grain separated from the pile is provided under the grain-throwing blades of P7i and its cholob are connected to a chamber placed above, connected at the upper end with acnjipaTOpOM or a fan and having devices for reverse descent of grain thrown into the chamber and energy-losing motion, at the scab of a scab (Fig. 14, 15-18 ). “U f dependent patent iZ No. Izz I- f 7 in-tsa Fely Shch to addicted ft-- l. .i 51  Fig13 . 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