SU34766A1 - Apparatus for determining the magnitude of the fluctuation of the water level - Google Patents

Description

As is known, to determine the magnitude of the fluctuations of the water horizons in a reservoir, water gauges (gauges) and gauges (limigraphs) are used. Water slats, being the simplest and cheapest device for determining the height of water, have the disadvantage that they give an opportunity to judge the position of the water horizon only at the moment of observation. Therefore, if the highest or lowest horizon of water was in the interval between observations (for example, at night), then the observer will not be able to record these values, which are almost extremely valuable.

Gyreographers (limigraphs) eliminate this drawback of ordinary water gauge rails and can provide continuous recording of water level in height and in time. Therefore, in all those cases when it is required to know the water height over time, installing a tide gauge is necessary, despite the relatively high cost of the recorder, the painstaking processing of its recording, which takes up to 40 hours per month along with the maintenance of the device, and despite the breaks recording device with the inevitable repairs of its clockwork.

But for a number of requirements that necessitate having a detailed course of the water level fluctuation curve, it is not uncommon that the resolution of certain practical design or construction requests does not require knowledge of the exact elevations of the water level over time, but only the highest and the lowest water horizons. Since ordinary gauges cannot answer these requests, it is necessary in these cases to install tide gauges, to incur increased costs for its initial installation, for its maintenance and processing, and, as a result, to leave without full use of the recording of this device. The proposed apparatus aims to make it possible to determine not only the height of the water surface at the time of observation, but also the extreme water levels — the highest and lowest horizons that were in the time interval between the previous observation and the given observation.

In FIG. 1 shows a front view of the apparatus, and FIG. 2 shows a section along the line AB in FIG. one.

On the axis lying on the uprights 1 (Fig. 2} are strengthened: a type 2 wheel adopted in the Rordan gauge, so with teeth along the circumference, and a sleeve J, the outer surface of which has a gear cut. This tooth cut corresponds to the same cutting on the lower edge of the ruler 4, moving right and left in the lower groove 5 of the rail 6, horizontally reinforced horizontally on two racks 7. Besides the lower groove, the rail 6 also has an upper groove 8 that is parallel to the first one. and left / O- "min, freely moving in the groove to the right and left .

The cross section of both grooves, as well as the grooves of the 4 or slider sections entering the grooves, has the form of a dovetail; therefore, the ruler and sliders, freely moving in the slots to the right and left, fall out and cannot fall down. Line 4, in its middle part, has a protrusion / 7; this protrusion corresponds to the notches in both sliders of such width that when the sliders are moved close to the protrusion / 7, all three indicators (one at the minimum slide, the other at the maximum slide and the third in the middle of the notch of the protrusion / 7) are on the same vertical. The front face of the slat b is silver plated and there are divisions etched on it, corresponding to the height of the water standing (in centimeters). If all three indicators are facing upwards from the upper groove, then one notch is cut; if, as in the drawing, the indicators of the sliders go up from the groove 8, and the index of the protrusion / 7 is facing down from this groove, then the divisions are drawn above and below the groove 8.

A chain 72 is put on the teeth of the wheel 2, the links of which are designed so that each tooth enters the corresponding link of the chain. A float is attached to the left end of the chain, and a counterweight to the right end. All parts of the instrument are mounted on the board 75, on which the apparatus casing is also mounted. The apparatus is installed in such a way that the average scale division corresponds approximately to the average horizon between the highest and lowest water levels. By varying the diameter of the gear sleeve 3 or the length of the rail b with the linear 4, the apparatus can be used at various values of the oscillation of the water horizon.

Before the beginning of the operation of the apparatus, they move both the slider close to the ledge 77, i.e., the right, maximum slider, move into the groove from right to left, and the minimum slider - from left to right,

before contact with the protrusion 77. After that, the apparatus is ready for action, which is as follows.

When the water level rises, the float floating on its surface rises, and the wheel 2 rotates clockwise under the action of the counterweight, rotating the hub 3 together. Since the hub 3 is in engagement with the ruler 4, the latter moves in the groove to the right, and the protrusion 77 moves the maximum slider to the right. As soon as the rise of water stops, the movement of the ruler and slide will stop. As soon as the water level drops, the float will begin to descend, which will cause the wheel 2 and the hub 3 to rotate counterclockwise, and therefore the ruler 4 will start moving left; during this movement, the protrusion 77 will leave the slider 9 (max-) to the right of itself at the point corresponding to the highest water level, will approach the left slider 70 (min.), will approach it and will begin to move it to the left. In case of a reverse change of phenomena, i.e. when the water level drops, it will be replaced by a rise, and the projection 77 will leave the slider 70 (min.) To the left of itself, at the point corresponding to the lowest water level.

In the production of samples record: a) the index of the protrusion 77 - the height of the water at the time of counting on the device; b) according to the pointer of the right ram - the highest water height that was in the period between the previous counting and the given counting; c) according to the index of the left crawler — the lowest height of the water that was in the said period. Then both sliders are moved close to protrusion 77 (as explained above) and the observation is completed.

The float is lowered into the pipe (wood, iron, concrete, etc.). firmly attached to the pile, to the embankment, to the bull of the bridge, etc. The connection between the pipe and the reservoir (sea, lake, river) occurs through a small hole arranged in the wall of the pipe below the lowest water level. The area of this hole is recommended to be adjusted with a flap or tap. The device is installed above the pipe in a small wooden protection that has convenient communication with the coast, pier, bridge, etc. The same installation of the device, i.e., its installation above the well is recommended also in cases when it is necessary to observe the fluctuation of the groundwater level.

The subject matter of the invention.

An apparatus for determining the level of water level fluctuations using floats coupled with a pointing device in the form of a ruler moved in a groove of a graduated rail, characterized in that the rail 6 is provided with a second groove 6 parallel to the groove of the ruler and serving as a guide for sliders 9 and W from The first is intended to indicate the maximum level and the second is the minimum.

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