SU32756A1 - Instrument for measuring system volume changes in the interaction of liquid and solid substances - Google Patents

Description

Existing designs of dilatometers are extremely primitive and suffer from a number of significant drawbacks. For example, in the Svedberg dilatometer, the object, before contact with water, is in the oil, which often sticks to the surface of the object and subsequently replaces complete wetting, and, in addition, there is a wire in the capillary that interferes with the accuracy of reference; this dilatometer also does not allow working with organic solvents that are miscible with oil. The Stamberger dilatometer, proposed by him for organic liquids, has the essential disadvantage that when working with it, the first moment escapes observation and consideration, however, it is very important, since usually there is usually the strongest volume change in the beginning. This method of operation also makes it impossible to convince oneself that the instrument holds well before starting an observation.

By means of the proposed device, it is intended to achieve the elimination of the above disadvantages.

In the schematic drawing of FIG. 1 is a front view of the device, FIG. 2- the same side.

The proposed device consists of two vessels / and 2, communicating between (385)

Bottom tube 4 and valve 3, the upper vessel is closed on top by a lid 6, carrying a capillary tube 7, graduated in volume and having an inner diameter of about 1 mm. This cover can be made with a horizontal cut (Fig. 1), but it can also be with an ordinary internal tapered cut (Fig. 2). The lower vessel 2 also has a side tube with a tap 8 for filling. Inside the upper vessel / on its bottom there are two soldered hooks 5 for hanging the object. In the case of a horizontal cut on the upper vessel and the lid, it is necessary to fasten the lid by means of a jig made of metal. To avoid breakage of the edges of the cut, the clip is provided with rubber pads. The entire device, with the exception of the clamping device. neither is it made of glass. Glass must be chemically resistant.

First, the lower vessel 2 and the valve 3, which connects it with the upper vessel 7, are filled with a liquid (eg water). The side tube with a tap must also be filled entirely with the same liquid. Then both valves 5 and 5 are closed. The upper vessel J is carefully freed from the liquid and a weighed amount of a solid test substance (for example, a gelatin film) is hung on the wire to the hooks 5. After that, the upper vessel / is filled with mercury until the latter closes the suspended object with excess. When this is done, the device is closed with a cap with a cap and the latter is carefully fixed. A funnel with an excess of the same liquid as in the lower vessel is attached to the side tube with a crane (on rubber), the valve 8 is opened and the funnel is raised up until the meniscus in the capillary stops at the desired height . Then the valve 8 is closed and the device is immersed in a thermostat. When the temperature equilibrium is reached, they are convinced that the meniscus in the capillary is at the same height. This circumstance indicates that the instrument is in good condition and there is no leakage.

In order to actuate the device, valve 3 is carefully turned. Then the mercury from the upper vessel 7 flows into the lower 2, and the liquid that was

in the lower vessel, pipe 4, it passes into the upper one and acts here in interaction with the substance suspended on hooks. The volume change is monitored by the movement of the meniscus in the capillary, and since the latter must be calibrated in advance, the crossing or volume increase is quantified.

The subject matter of the invention.

A device for measuring changes in the volume of a system when liquid and solid matter interacts by observing the level of a liquid in a graduated capillary using mercury as a separating liquid, characterized in that it is made up of two vessels located one above the other 7 and 2 separated by a crane 3 and having additional communication through the side tube 4, the vessel 7 in the lower part being equipped with hooks 5 for suspending a solid body, and in the upper part for securing a lid with a graduated capillary.

Fig1