SU1812924A3 - Method and device for sowing farm crop seeds - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to methods and devices for planting seeds in the soil.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure tight contact of seeds with moist soil over their entire surface, that is, to create a core of optimally compacted soil around the seeds, to prevent injury to the seeds while increasing the uniformity of seed distribution in depth and along the row and to ensure the straightness of the rows.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 is a diagram of the device; figure 2 - section aa, bb, bb, gg in fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a diagram for substantiating the parameters of the pressing disk.

A device for planting seeds of agricultural crops in the soil (figure 1) contain a slotting device 1 with restrictive

1812924 AZ with flanges 2, pivotally connected using a leash 3 and a spring rod 4 to the frame 5, on the bracket 6 of the leash of the sifter along the longitudinal axis, the seed guide 7 is attached, which is connected to the seed tube 8 of the seeder and fixed in position with a bolt 9. using a leash 10 and a spring-loaded rod 11 behind the slotting device and the seed guide along one longitudinal axis mounted pressing disk 12 with restrictive flanges 13.

The slotter 1 is made in the form of a disk cone knife, which should provide such a width of the slit in the field surface so that the seeds freely fall into it and become jammed. To ensure this, it is necessary to fulfill the condition:

b = 2a tg0 / 2, where a is the depth of the slot (strictly less than the specified seed placement depth);

Θ is the angle determining the taper of the disk:

θ / 2 <φν.

(pi is the angle of friction of seeds on the soil.

The seed guide 7 has a conical top. turning into a cylindrical part. The shape and dimensions of the conical part should ensure a smooth transition from the vas deferens to the cylindrical part, the length of which should ensure the correct installation of the seed guide with a minimum seed placement depth. The dimensions of the cross section of the seed guide should provide free passage of seeds without jamming. In addition, the width of the seed guide must be less than the thickness of the slotting machine at the installation site of the flanges with a minimum gap depth. The lower part of the seed guide has an oblique slice from the bottom up along the direction of movement so that the seed guide does not become clogged with soil, and it must be installed at a level no higher than the lower edge of the groove flange to prevent seeds from entering the field surface.

The pressing disk 12 has a taper that provides minimal sliding friction forces of its sidewalls on the soil. The rim of the disk is made in the form of a gutter, the width of which should ensure the cutting of soil from the walls of the slot when pressing the seeds to a predetermined depth. The groove of the rim is cylindrical (Fig.Z).

Rim Width - bi. The angle determining the taper of the disk is 2-3. The radius of the groove R should be such that the angle between the tangent drawn to the groove at point A of its intersection with the wall of the disk and the vertical is less than the angle of friction of the soil φ about the material of the disk, that is, a <φ. Under this condition, it is possible to fill the gutter with soil and exclude direct contact of the seed with the rim of the pressing disk / injury to the seeds is excluded /.

The radius and center of curvature of the gutter is determined graphically. For this, two vertical and two inclined lines at an angle a are drawn from the ends of the segment AB (Fig. 3). Perpendiculars are restored to inclined lines from points A and B and continue until they intersect with each other. The resulting point will determine the center of curvature and the value of the radius R. In this case, the trough will have a cylindrical shape, and its depth hi will be determined from the expression hi = R (1-sin а).

The described device operates as follows. When the seeder moves in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 1), the slotter 1, cutting and shifting the soil, form a gap (Fig. 2, section AA). into which seeds are supplied by seed guide 7. Self-jamming of seeds occurs in the slot / seed rolling is excluded /. In this case, the seeds, depending on their size, when jammed. are located at different depths of the gap (section BB). The pressing disk 12. moving along the slit, cuts off moist soil from the side walls of the slit, sprinkles seeds with this soil, and presses the seeds with soil to the required depth (sections B-B, G-D). Filling the grooves with loose soil is carried out by traditional working bodies (zagortachki, loops, etc.).

The positive effect of the invention is:

- pressing seeds to a predetermined depth through a moist soil layer, which reduces seed injury and ensures that any seeds, including sunflower, buckwheat, peas, etc., are embedded in the soil, that is, it creates the prerequisites for constructing universal seeders as for sowing in ordinary and dotted ways:

- the uniform distribution of seeds along the row, which is provided by the sowing apparatus (there is no rolling of seeds), is not violated:

- the spread of seeds to the side relative to the row centerline is minimized (this is especially important for row seeders);

- working bodies during operation do not move the lower soil horizons to the day surface, therefore this method of seeding can be used in stubble seeders;

- the device provides a predetermined depth of seeds with close contact with moist soil over their entire surface.

The above advantages, in the end result, provide an increase in the yield of presumably 6 ... 10 kg / ha.

Claims (2)

The claims 15 1. The method of sowing seeds of agricultural crops, including the formation of a gap in the soil with a compacted bed, sowing seeds into it and pressing them into the soil to the depth of their seeding, characterized in that, in order to increase the uniform distribution of seeds in depth and along the row to ensure a dense the contact of seeds with moist soil over their entire surface without injuring the seeds, 25 slots in the soil form a wedge-shaped form, the depth of which is less than the depth of seed placement in the soil, and the seeds wedge in the wedge-shaped slit at different depths, while m when the seeds are pressed in 'into soil 30, the parietal moist layer of soil of the earth is cut into seeds, forming a layer of soil from above. 2. A device for sowing seeds of agricultural crops, containing a sequentially arranged disk-shaped slotting device, a seed guide and an impression roller, characterized in that the extractor has a diverse profile, is equipped with a restriction flange, its lower edge is located above the lower edge of the pressure roller, and its width is 10 b at the location of the flange is determined from the relation b = 2a tg 0/2, where a is the height of the working part of the disk: Θ is the angle of the wedge-shaped profile of the disk, while the pressing roller is equipped with a restrictive flange, has a wedge-shaped profile and a groove is made along its periphery 20, the depth of which is determined from the relation h = R (1-sin "), where R is the radius of curvature of the groove: and - the angle between the vertical and the tangent drawn to the trough through the point of intersection of the sidewall of the roller with the trough, the width of the roller at the location of the flange is less than the width of the slotter at the location of its flanges, and the taper of the roller is less than the angle of friction of the soil with the material of the roller. A ~ A c-in FngJa. Fig.Z