SU1805835A3 - METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED MATERIAL FOR HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY - Google Patents
METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED MATERIAL FOR HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY Download PDFInfo
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- SU1805835A3 SU1805835A3 SU914926792A SU4926792A SU1805835A3 SU 1805835 A3 SU1805835 A3 SU 1805835A3 SU 914926792 A SU914926792 A SU 914926792A SU 4926792 A SU4926792 A SU 4926792A SU 1805835 A3 SU1805835 A3 SU 1805835A3
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- grains
- seed material
- spectra
- parts
- heterogeneity
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010061711 Gliadin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031787 nutrient reservoir activity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Изобретение относится к биотехнологии и сельскому хозяйству, в частности к генетике, селекции и семеноводству сельскохозяйственных культур.The invention relates to biotechnology and agriculture, in particular to genetics, selection and seed production of agricultural crops.
Целью изобретения является упрощение способа оценки посевного материала для ускорения селекционного процесса, обеспечения стабильности результатов при выведении сортов путем целенаправленного отбора хозяйственно-ценных генотипов по электрофоретическим спектрам запасных белков.The aim of the invention is to simplify the method of evaluating seed material to accelerate the selection process, ensuring the stability of results in breeding varieties by targeted selection of economically valuable genotypes based on the electrophoretic spectra of storage proteins.
Для достижения данной цели в селекционном процессе, чтобы отобрать нужный генотип, зерновки делят поперек на две части, эндоспермовую часть используют для оценки генотипа по формуле электрофоретических спектров запасных белков, а зародышевую помещают в стекло-поролоновые кассеты для посева.To achieve this goal in the selection process, in order to select the desired genotype, the grains are divided transversely into two parts, the endosperm part is used to evaluate the genotype according to the formula of electrophoretic spectra of storage proteins, and the embryonic part is placed in glass-foam cassettes for sowing.
Предлагаемый способ устраняет отмеченные недостатки и позволяет установить генотип отдельного растения путем электрофоретического анализа только эндоспермовой части зерновки и посева ее зародышевой части'. Таким образом создается возможность отбора растений одного и того же генотипа не в поле по морфологическим признакам (что не всегда удается сделать безошибочно), а в лаборатории в процессе анализа электрофоретических спектров эндосперма отдельных зерновок.The proposed method eliminates the noted shortcomings and allows one to establish the genotype of an individual plant by electrophoretic analysis of only the endosperm part of the grain and sowing its embryonic part. This creates the possibility of selecting plants of the same genotype not in the field by morphological features (which is not always possible to do without error), but in the laboratory in the process of analyzing the electrophoretic spectra of the endosperm of individual grains.
Это ускоряет селекционный процесс минимум на 1 год, позволит целенаправленно осуществить отбор хозяйственно-ценных форм при гибридизации, исключить случай18O5835A3 ный материал на самых ранних этапах селекционного процесса путем оценки по биохимическим маркерам зерен одного колоса.This accelerates the selection process by at least 1 year, allows for the targeted selection of economically valuable forms during hybridization, and eliminates random material at the earliest stages of the selection process by evaluating the grains of one ear using biochemical markers.
Суть способа заключается в разделении зерновки в поперечном направлении на две части зародышевую и эндоспермальную, размещении этих частей в пронумерованных кассетах и электрофоретическом анализе их эндоспермальных частей.The essence of the method consists of dividing the grain transversely into two parts, the embryonic and endospermic, placing these parts in numbered cassettes and electrophoretic analysis of their endospermic parts.
Электрофорез проводили по известному способу на комплекте приборов шведской фирмы ЛКБ-приборы в модификации Центральной лаборатории по оценке качества сортов сельскохозяйственных культур Госагропрома СССР.Electrophoresis was carried out using a well-known method on a set of devices from the Swedish company LKB-pribory, modified by the Central Laboratory for Assessing the Quality of Agricultural Crop Varieties of the USSR State Agro-Industrial Committee.
После проведения анализа электрофоретических спектров по формулам глиадина. выделяют зерна с ценным генотипом (высокая морозостойкость, засухоустойчивость, хорошее качество клейковины и др.) и зародышевую часть их переносят в другие кассеты, делая соответствующие отметки. Кассеты замачивают в воде, помещают в почву на установленную глубину (3-5 см) в оптимальные для посева культуры сроки. Кассеты с анализируемыми половинками зерен можно помещать и в питательный раствор или в почву в камерах фитотронов и теплицах. За ростом и развитием растений проводят наблюдения в течение вегетационного периода. Ранее стекло-поролоновые кассеты применялись для изучения биологических свойств семян, а для выращивания растений из половинок зерна не использовались.After analyzing the electrophoretic spectra using gliadin formulas, grains with a valuable genotype (high frost resistance, drought resistance, good gluten quality, etc.) are isolated and their embryonic part is transferred to other cassettes, making appropriate marks. The cassettes are soaked in water, placed in the soil at a set depth (3-5 cm) at the optimal time for sowing the crop. Cassettes with analyzed grain halves can be placed in a nutrient solution or in the soil in phytotron chambers and greenhouses. Plant growth and development are observed during the growing season. Previously, glass-foam cassettes were used to study the biological properties of seeds, but were not used to grow plants from grain halves.
Разработанный способ оценки посевного материала на гомогенность и гетерогенность в настоящее . время используется на участке идентификации сортов.с.-х. культур Всесоюзного центра по оценке качества сортов -сельскохозяйственных культур (ВЦОКСК) и иллюстрируется следующим примером. При изучении примесей в испытываемых сортах, зародышевые части семян с одной стороны колосового стержня от нижней до верхней его части в порядке образования цветков, помещают в стекло-поролоновые кассеты. Расстояния в кассете между зернами одного колоска 1 см., а разных колосков 3 см. В случаях примесей механического происхождения, Зерновки характеризуются сходными спектрами и в потомстве не дают разнообразия. Если же примесь биологическая (гибрид), то спектры зерновок с одного колоса разные и в потомстве проявляется морфологическое разнообразие (чертеж).The developed method for assessing the homogeneity and heterogeneity of seed material is currently used in the identification section of agricultural crop varieties of the All-Union Center for Quality Assessment of Agricultural Crop Varieties (VTSOKSC) and is illustrated by the following example. When studying impurities in the varieties being tested, the embryonic parts of seeds from one side of the spike rod from its lower to its upper part in the order of flower formation are placed in glass-foam cassettes. The distances in the cassette between the grains of one spikelet are 1 cm, and between different spikelets 3 cm. In cases of mechanical impurities, the grains are characterized by similar spectra and do not produce diversity in the progeny. If the impurity is biological (hybrid), then the spectra of the grains from one spikelet are different and morphological diversity is manifested in the progeny (drawing).
На чертеже изображены растения, выращенные в кассетах из зародышевых час тей зерновок одного колоса. Буквами обозначены разновидности, выявленные в биологических примесях, имеющих гибридное происхождение: л - лютесценс; м - мильтурум, в - велютинум.The drawing shows plants grown in cassettes from the embryonic parts of grains of one ear. The letters indicate varieties identified in biological admixtures of hybrid origin: l - lutescens; m - milturum, v - velutinum.
Большим достоинством предлагаемого способа является использование его в селекции для отбора хазяйственно-ценных форм. Способ нами апробирован при гибридизации высокоурожайного сорта шведской селекции Хольме с отечественными сортами. При принудительных скрещиваниях с отечественными сортами у сорта Хольме наблюдались настолько слабая завязываемость, что практически не удалось получить гибридный материал. При свободном опылении кострированных колосьев завязывание зерен было полным/ В результате проведенных отборов ро электрофоретическим спектрам глиадина были получены новые высокопродуктивные хозяйственноценные формы, относящиеся к разновидно стям: велютинум, мильтурум, грекум и пиротрикс. Сорт Хольме по генетической природе относится к сортам мягкого климата, имеет аллельный блок по хромосоме 1А GldlА8, характеризующийся низкой морозостойкостью и засухоустойчивостью. В результате свободного опыления с отечественными сортами местной селекции были получены ценные генотипы, в составе которых были выявлены блоки компонентов 1АЗ, 1D5, 6D2, отличающиеся высокой морозостойкостью и устойчивостью к полеганию, унаследованной от сорта Хольме.A great advantage of the proposed method is its use in selection for the selection of economically valuable forms. We tested the method during hybridization of the high-yielding Swedish variety Holme with domestic varieties. During forced crossings with domestic varieties, the Holme variety had such a weak setting that it was practically impossible to obtain hybrid material. During free pollination of kostrizovye ears, the setting of grains was complete. As a result of the selections carried out by electrophoretic spectra of gliadin, new highly productive economically valuable forms were obtained, related to the varieties: velutinum, milturum, graecum and pyrothrix. The Holme variety by its genetic nature belongs to the varieties of mild climate, has an allelic block on chromosome 1A GldlA8, characterized by low frost resistance and drought resistance. As a result of free pollination with domestic varieties of local selection, valuable genotypes were obtained, in which blocks of components 1АЗ, 1D5, 6D2 were identified, distinguished by high frost resistance and resistance to lodging, inherited from the Holme variety.
По сравнению с прототипом предлагае.мое изобретение позволит по формулам электрофоретических спектров целенаправленно отбирать хозяйственно-ценные формы, что ускорит селекционный процесс и сделает его более результативным.Compared with the prototype, the proposed invention will allow the targeted selection of economically valuable forms based on electrophoretic spectrum formulas, which will speed up the selection process and make it more effective.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU914926792A SU1805835A3 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED MATERIAL FOR HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU914926792A SU1805835A3 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED MATERIAL FOR HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SU1805835A3 true SU1805835A3 (en) | 1993-03-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| SU914926792A SU1805835A3 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED MATERIAL FOR HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY |
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| US8245439B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2012-08-21 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Automated high-throughput seed sampler and methods of sampling, testing and bulking seeds |
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| US8662425B2 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2014-03-04 | Pioneer Hi Bred International Inc | High-throughput, seed sampling and collection system and method |
| US8833565B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2014-09-16 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for seed selection |
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-
1991
- 1991-04-09 SU SU914926792A patent/SU1805835A3/en active
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