SU1729351A1 - Method for growing worms and worm-like organisms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for growing living organisms, in particular, feeding invertebrate organisms. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the process of extracting worms and worm-like organisms from substrates after their cultivation has been completed. As an artificial substrate for the habitat of worms, a set of perforated plates is used, within which special channels are formed in which organisms concentrate. After the cultivation process is completed, the reservoir is disassembled into separate plates, as a result of which the channels in which the grown organisms were located, thereby quickly and efficiently extracting organisms from the habitat substrate. 6 of FIG.

Description

The invention relates to methods of growing living organisms and can be used for processing organic waste by biological methods to obtain animal feed and fertilizer.

Methods of mass cultivation, worms and worm-like organisms are known, according to which they are colonized and placed in appropriate substrates (plant and animal residues, sludge from sewage treatment plants, manure, etc.). Cultivation of organisms is carried out under controlled conditions (humidity, temperature, light, pH, etc.). The most laborious, inefficient and technically imperfect in such methods is the extraction of organisms from substrates. After the cultivation process is complete, organisms are most often selected manually from the substrates, or various screening devices are used for this.

Such methods for extracting worms and the like from substrates are not suitable for their large-tonnage growth.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of growing worms, according to which organisms are placed in a layer of granular material with a specific weight less than one, provide feed and appropriate conditions for growth, after completion, the layer of growth with organisms is placed in water. Once in the water, the reservoir disintegrates into its granular particles, which, being lighter than water, float up, and the organisms (worms) sink and settle at the bottom of the vessel. In this way, organisms are separated from the substrate, which after regeneration can be reused.

However, to implement the process of extracting worms by this method, it is necessary to use water and a number of additional screening devices, which complicates the process of separating organisms from substrates. In addition, according to this method, it is possible to cultivate with subsequent separation of only organisms, whose specific weight

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more specific gravity of water and specific gravity of the granular material of the reservoir, therefore, it is not applicable 1dl separation from the substrate of worm-like organisms that do not drown in water.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the process of extracting worms and worm-like organisms from substrates after their cultivation has been completed.

The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of growing worms and worm-like organisms, including their placement relative to the artificial substrate and feed, providing appropriate conditions for the content and extraction from the substrate, a package of perforated plates is used as the substrate, the perforations of which are combined with the formation of through channels, the worms are grown and colored organisms and feed are placed on opposite sides of the plate pack, and the organisms are removed by separating the pack into its constituent plates.

Fig, 1 shows a package of perforated r, ix plates (P-4), axonometrics; figure 2 is a fragment of the package P-4 with a dense packing of the plates, a cross section; on fig.Z - the same, with a slit packaging of plates, a cross section; 4 is the same, with the variants of forming channels of different configuration, a cross section; Fig. 5 illustrates the process of growing red (earthworm) worms using the P-4 bag; Fig. 6 shows examples of using the P-4 bag to grow various worm-like organisms.

To implement the method of growing worms and worm-like organisms, the P-4 package (Fig. 1) is used, which is assembled from perforated plates 1 so that the holes in them are aligned and form channels 6 in the package, in which the growing organisms are concentrated. P-4 use plates made of materials that, due to their physicochemical properties and texture, are most beneficial for the body and the viability of a certain type of growing body, for example, plastics (vinylplate, polyethylene, teflon, nylon and etc.), non-woven and woven products from natural and artificial fibers (wood, cardboard, ceramics, etc.). The P-4 package can be constructed from one material or from several materials, for example, alternating plates of soft porous, fibrous and solid materials. However, it is not possible to use for this purpose materials that obviously inhibit the viability of the grown organisms, or materials that become useless under the influence of the grown organisms or their excretions.

Depending on the type of organisms, P-4 bags can be assembled and applied both in the dense packing of the plates (Fig. 2) and the formation of slits 9 between them (Fig. 3). When the holes in the plates overlap, it is possible that channels 6 of different sizes and configuration can be formed in the package, which allows individual organisms to contact bodies, for example during pairing (position A in FIG. 4), to be at rest (position B in FIG. 4) or make a workaround

5 maneuvers (position B in FIG. 4).

PRI me R 1. Growing red (rain) worms, for example, Eiseniafoetlda (a diagram of the growing process is shown in FIG. 5).

A stack of P-4 is assembled with channels 6 through 0 by means of overlapping perforated plates one on another (position A in FIG. 5). In the package P-4, plates of soft materials (felt, cotton material, foam rubber, etc.) alternate with plates of solid materials (wood, polyethylene, polychlorinated vinyl, etc.). The dimensions of the holes in the plates are 2 to 5 mm, the number of holes is 30-40 thousand pieces / m2. The thickness of the assembled package and, accordingly, the length of the channels is 80-120 mm. From vessel 3 to vessel 4, either 50 - 60 you s.sht / m were transferred to the young of the worms,

0 or their cocoons in the amount of 10–20 thousand pieces / m2 (position B in FIG. 5), on the layer of worms in vessel 4 are placed the collected bag P-4, on which crushed animal and vegetable traits are mixed from the vessel 4 with peat and earth in a 1: 1: 2 ratio (position B in FIG. 5). Vessel 4 with P-4 bag, worms and feed mixture for them is incubated under the following conditions: temperature 21-25 ° C; humidity 60 0 70%; pH - - 7.6, incubation time 90 - 100 days in the dark (position G in figure 5).

The fry of worms 2 attracted by the feed rises from the bottom of the vessel 4 and fills the channels b of the package P-4 (position D in Fig. 5), C

5 Over the entire time of growing the worms, new portions of feed 5 are periodically added to the upper surface of the P-4 bag. Under the P-4 bag, 7 worms excrement accumulate. After the process is completed

0 ° C, the remains of feed are removed from the surface of the package P-4, the package P-4 is removed from vessel 4 and disassembled into separate plates 1; as a result, channels 6 are destroyed, and the worms 2 they contain are isolated (position E

in Fig. 5), the arrows indicate the directions of movement of the plates and worms when disassembling the package P-4). Worms 2 are collected in a separate container, and the plates, after appropriate processing, are used to construct the P-4 package in the new cycle of growing the worms. The productivity of the process is 15–20 kg / m2. The retrievability of worms in the development of the reservoir 98 - 100%.

PRI mme R 2. Cultivation of white enkhitre worms Enchytraeus A.K. (6, a). At the bottom of the vessel 4 is placed feed 5 - a mixture of beer grains with wheat and rye flour in the ratio of 1: 2 - at the rate of 0.2 mg per worm per day. A bag of P-4 packaged by alternating plates of soft (polyurethane foam, non-woven cotton material) and solid (polyvinyl chloride. Capron) materials is placed on the feed layer. The size of the holes in the plates. 2 - 3 mm. The number of holes 60 - 80 thousand pieces / m2, the length of the channels in the package P-4 (respectively, the thickness of the package) 25 - 45 mm. On the P-4 package, young white enhitra are placed in the amount of 300-400 thousand z / m or its cocoons in the amount of 50-60 thousand pcs / m2 and covered with a layer of 20-30 mm peat and incubated under conditions: temperature 15-18 ° С; humidity 25 - 40%; pH 6.5 - 7.0; illumination is unacceptable, better than twilight, darkness, growing time 50 - 60 days. After the end of the growing process, the P-4 bag is taken out of the vessel 4, disassembled into separate plates, with the result that the enhitray in it turns out to be 98-100% recovered. The productivity of the process of growing enhitre 2.1 - 3.0 mg / m.

PRI me R 3. Cultivation of worm-like chironomid larvae. for example, Chironomus f.l.plumosus, which are known as bloodworms (6, b). Layers of sludge 5 collected in gulfs of rivers and lakes, preheated to 60 ° C for 0.5 to 1 hour, are placed at the bottom of vessel 4 in order to get rid of extraneous organisms. Dry fodder yeast is added to the sludge at the rate of 5-6 g for each larva during the entire time of cultivation. At the same time for every 99 weight units sludge comes in 1 weight yeast. P-4 bag packs assembled by alternating plates of soft materials (polyurethane foam, felt, foam foam) are placed on the layers of silt. The size of the holes in the plates 2-4 mm, the number of holes 50 - 60 thousand pieces / m2, the length of the channels in the package 15 - 20 mm. The layer of water 10 above the package P-4 should not exceed 1.5 - 2.0 mm. Chironomid masonry at the rate of 100-150 pcs / m2 is placed on the surface of the P-4 package. Growing conditions: temperature 18-20 ° C; pH

7.4 - 7.6; the illumination is minimal, twilight is better, the duration of growing chironomid larvae is 16-20 days. The productivity of the growing process is 2.5 - 3.0 kg / m2. Chironomid larvae are harvested by dis-. dividing the package into component plates. The degree of extraction of larvae during disassembly

0 package P-4 to 100%.

PRI me R 4. Growing worms tubifex Tublfex tublfex living in the water (Fig.6, b). In the vessel 4 place the sludge 5 in a layer of 40-50 mm. collected in the bays of rivers and lakes, thermally treated, as in example 3.

5 To feed, yeast is added to the sludge at the rate of 5-6 g for each worm during the entire time of cultivation, while stirring, water is added, to bring the forage mass to the consistency of sour cream or liquid porridge.

0 Then a P-4 bag assembled from plates of perforated materials — polyurethane foam, leather, rubber foam, etc. — is placed on the sludge layer. The size of the holes in the plates is 0.5-2.0 mm; the number of holes in the plates of 50 tries 50 - 80 thousand pieces / m, the thickness of the package P-4 (the length of the channels in it) 15 - 20 mm. Young worms are placed on the surface of the P-4 package in the amount of 50–80 thousand pieces / m2 or egg laying in the amount of 100–150 thousand pieces / m2.

0 Worms 2 rush through channels 6 to feed 5 and remain immersed in the front part of the body in the feed mass during the whole growing time. A layer of water 10 above the surface of the P-4 worm package must

5 be at least 80 - 100 mm. The duration of the cultivation of worms tubifex 50 - 60 days. Growing conditions: temperature 16 - 18 ° C; pH 6.7 - 7.6; Illumination is minimal, better - darkness. The productivity of the growing process is 2.0–3.0 kg / m. After the end of the growing process, the P-4 bag is removed from the vessel 4 and disassembled into separate plates; the worms are 98–100% recovered from the P-4 package.

5 Example 5. The cultivation of larvae of caddisfishes inhabiting the input (Fig. 6, d), for example, Trichoptera. The operations are carried out analogously to Example 2, but the bag P-4 specially assembled for this purpose is washed

0 water 10 on both sides, and one of them is placed crushed water plants that serve as feed caddis. Productivity of the process is 3.0 - 4.0 kg / m2. Removing cadflies when disassembling a package of at least 96 - 98%.

5 Example 6. Cultivation of worm-like fly larvae, in particular, the room fly Musca domestica. As shown in fig.b.d, the feed mixture is placed at the bottom of the vessel 4: finely chopped waste from the processing of meat and fish with peat in a 2: 1 ratio, or manure of farm animals or pig faeces mixed with sawdust in a ratio of 1 :one. The P-4 package assembled from perforated sheet materials - getinaks, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc. is placed on the feed mixture 5. The size of the holes in the plates is 2-4 mm, the number of holes is 30-50 thousand pieces / m2; the length of the channels in the package - 15

-20 mm. On the surface of the package put the flies homemade eggs in the amount of 1

-2 g per kilogram of feed mixture. The hatching larvae of the fly rush through channels 6 in the package P-4 to the stern 5, which is at the bottom of the vessel 5, and linger in the channels of the package during the whole time

growing

About the day Growing conditions; temperature 21 - 25 ° С; humidity 60 - 70%, Process efficiency 15 - 20 kg / m. After the end of the growing process, the P-4 bag is removed from the vessel 4 and disassembled into separate plates, as a result of which the fly larvae are isolated, the fly larvae are removed at. disassembling the P-4 package is at least 98 -99%,

Thus, the above examples confirm the high efficiency and

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ultimate ease of extraction of worms and worm-like organisms after the cultivation process has been completed.

Using a different number of plates with certain sizes of holes in their planes, it is possible to build P-4 packages with a configuration and channel sizes suitable for growing almost any known substrate dependent worm-like organisms.

Claims (1)

Claims A method of growing worms and worm-like organisms, including placing them relative to an artificial substrate and feed, providing suitable conditions for keeping and extracting from a substrate, characterized in that, in order to simplify the process of removing organisms, a package of perforated plates are used as the substrate, the perforations of which are combined with the formation of through channels, grown worms and worm-like organisms and feed are placed on opposite sides of the plate pack, and the organ is removed zmov is produced by dividing t package constituting its plates. Nd Fig.Z FIG. 2 FIG.