SU1727604A1 - Method for growing potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the preparation of potato seed for early planting. The aim of the invention is to increase the resistance of potatoes to lower temperatures. The goal is achieved by those. that germinated tubers are treated with snow by applying it on tubers with a layer of 1-3 cm every 5-6 days 4-5 times. The last treatment is combined with the processing of nutritional - M., body substances, in which ash, manganese and mineral fertilizers are used, bringing the mixture of snow and nutrients to (-3) -0 ° C. Planting is carried out at (-3) -0 ° C in the soil. C and above, covering the tubers with a layer of soil of 5-6 cm. The potatoes prepared by the proposed method make it possible to obtain an earlier harvest and increase the resistance to damage by the diseases and the Colorado potato beetle. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of early potatoes.

There is a known method of potato germination, in which the seed material is kept in the light at a positive temperature and, in order to quench the sprouts, the balls are transferred to a colder place or they regulate the change of warm and cold temperatures, and germinated tubers are placed in a nutrient medium.

In order to implement this method, it is necessary to have equipment with temperature control, labor costs for moving the package with seeds, nutrient medium consisting of a large amount of organo-mineral fertilizers. All this creates the complexity of the process and increase the cost of germination.

There is a method of growing potatoes, in which the tubers are kept in the light, treated with nutrients.

In this method, an excess of fertilizers causes overgrowth of sprouts and roots, which break down during planting and consequently the resistance of the seed material to lower temperatures decreases.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the resistance of potatoes to low temperatures.

The goal is achieved by the fact that tubers are laid for germination and after the occurrence of sprouts they are treated with snow with a layer of 1-3 cm. Such hardening is carried out every 5-6 days. Only 4-5 processings. The last treatment is carried out with melt water mixed with nutrients. At the same time, the melt water is brought to a temperature of (-3) -0 ° C. Planting is carried out at a soil temperature of (-3) -0 ° C and covering the tubers with a layer of soil of 5-6 cm. Ash, mlrganets are used in the nutrient medium. macro and micronutrients.

Potato tubers for 30-50 days. before planting, lay out on the racks in a single layer at a temperature of 12-15 ° C in a lit room. After the occurrence of sprouts (after about 10-13 days), the tubers are sprinkled with snow in a layer of 1-3 cm. The previously laid out tubers in a single layer are well lit and each sprout receives moisture and quenching. Snow melts on the club's. The sprouted shoots in the first days of growth receive moisture and simultaneously quench. In this period, the intensity of respiration increases, growth occurs at lower temperatures. At the same time, the temperature is adjusted: when snow is laid, when it is hidden under a layer of snow and the initial temperature is returned. At the moment of snow overlay, the temperature drops to zero and gradually returns to a room mode of 12-15 C.

Therefore, the hardening of sprouts occurs at no additional cost in the natural position, without moving tubers. During germination, it is known that starch is converted into sugar, which moves along the vascular bundles to the axillary buds of the tubers. When the melted snow is completely absorbed (approximately 5-6 days), re-hardening is carried out. Such treatments were carried out 5-6 times. The last treatment is carried out with snow water, in which manganese, ash, boric acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are dissolved. The temperature of the solution is adjusted to (-3) -0 ° C by adding snow to the solution. The resulting material is planted in the field. Planting is carried out at a soil temperature of (-3) -0 ° C and higher in the plus side, covering with a layer of soil of 5-6 cm. Due to early planting, one inter-bedding is performed between crops, since many weeds in the early period are not yet vegetative .

The reduction in inter-processing and hilling of potatoes reduces the cost of growing early potatoes. Hardening of shoots with snow also reduces costs, since it does not require carrying out on the cold, moving tubers, installing cold rooms, additional lighting, etc.

Example. Potato tubers were placed on racks of 10 Nvar in a single layer D in a room with a temperature of 12-15 C. Approximately 12 days later, when sprouts appeared, snow was applied to the tubers with a layer of 1 cm. After 5 days, when the shoots completely absorbed moisture, they carried out re-treatment with snow. The third and fourth treatments were also performed after 5 days. Before planting, snow water was prepared, to which one was added per unit: 100 g of ash, 1 g

manganese, 1 g of boric acid, 10 g of potassium, 10 g of nitrogen and 10 g of phosphorus. The solution is mixed with snowy water, and snow is gradually added so that the temperature reaches (-3) -0 ° С. The tubers are planted in the field at a temperature of (-3) -0 ° С and higher to the plus side, covering with a layer of soil 5-6 cm.

Example 2. Seeds in

in the middle of Nvar (15-16) laid out in the greenhouse for germination. When sprouts appeared (after 10 days), the tubers were sprinkled with snow in a layer of 2 cm. Re-treatment was carried out after 6 days. Total implemented 5

treatments. 150 g of ash, 1.5 g of manganese and boron, 20 g of potassium, 150 g of nitroamophos per bucket were added to the snowy water. This mixture was treated tubers at the last hardening. Germinated tubers were planted in the field at a temperature of the soil surface (-3) -0 ° C and higher in the positive direction. Planting was carried out at a depth of 6 cm. During the growing season, inter-row treatment was carried out once. Seeding of tubers less than 5 cm does not ensure their survival in the early spring period. It is also impractical to plant more than 6 cm, since young shoots may not be dislodged onto the soil surface.

Survival of germs is at least

95%, harvest of early potatoes is about 250300 centners / ha. The results are shown in the table.

The method can be used in

colder areas of our country with the condition. that tubers for quenching will be laid later (in March, planting and in February, quenching).

The proposed method is easy to use, because it does not require additional

costs. Seed material does not need to be moved to other places for hardening. Sprouts receive nutrition, moisture. Yield in some areas can reach up to 400 centners per hectare due to resistance to adverse factors (frost, diseases, pests). Under production conditions, up to 250-300 centners per hectare can be obtained. Germinated tubers allow They are getting early potatoes in May. Plants have time

go through the vegetation earlier, are not affected by the Colorado potato beetle, because by the time of its mass flight we get full tubers. There is no need for the processing of crops by the chemical, which

also reduces costs. The number of inter-treatments (weeding, hilling) is reduced.

in the light, their nutrients and planting, characterized in that, in order to increase the resistance of potatoes to low temperatures, after germination, the tubers are treated with snow 1-3 cm every 5-6 days, 4-5 times, the latter treatment is combined with nutrient processing by pre-mixing snow with nutrients and bringing the mixture temperature to (-3) -O C, and planting is carried out when the soil temperature reaches more than (-3) -0 ° C with tuber covering by soil a layer of 5-6 cm.