SU1790417A3 - Inhalator - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of health, in particular to therapeutic agents associated with the administration of drugs during inhalation, and can also be used for therapeutic respiration, which increases the level of carbon dioxide in the blood, and as a simulator.

Known inhaler containing a reservoir for liquid, a lead tube with a funnel, a spray chamber.

A disadvantage of the known device is the weak spraying of the inhalable substance and the insufficient power of the inhaled air-drop flow, as well as the insufficient efficiency of saturation of the air with the inhaled substance.

The closest is an inhaler, which is an outer vessel, in which a tube, which is an aerosol chamber, is coaxially located. On the side surface of the lower end of the tube holes are made for the passage of inhaled substance and air.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of saturation of the air with an inhaled substance, since the aerosol formation area is formed in the wall zone, and mainly in the upper part of the slotted openings located on the walls of the chamber-pipe. This is confirmed by the fact that in order to enhance the effect, it was proposed to introduce a gear insert or ring gear. However, the insert (crown) does not change the near-wall nature of the aerosol formation and complicates the design. In addition, the location of the holes on the side surface requires a comparatively high level of inhalation fluid, which increases the resistance when exhaling, and therefore, a check valve is provided for such a design, which reduces the aerodynamic resistance during exhalation. The presence of a non-return valve limits the possibility of using an inhaler to perform additional functions in addition to introducing drugs into the respiratory tract.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of saturation of air with an inhaled substance, and to expand the functionality of the device.

This goal 'is achieved by the fact that in an inhaler containing, as well as known, an external vessel, a spray chamber coaxially mounted inside it with holes at the lower end for supplying an inhalable substance and a breathing tube, the spray chamber is made with a bottom in which these holes are made, and installed with a gap relative to the bottom of the outer vessel.

To reduce the likelihood of dropping liquid into the respiratory tract and improve aerosol formation, it is advisable to perform the central part of the bottom of the aerosol chamber with a radius of 0.2-0.4 from the radius of the bottom part, non-perforated.

In this case, it is advisable at first from the bottom periphery to increase the density of the location of the holes, and then lower it to the center.

For the same purpose, it is advisable to perform the upper section of the aerosol chamber tapering to the input of the breathing tube.

For use as a simulator, the inhaler can be equipped with an additional external vessel covering the first.

Due to the location of the holes in the bottom of the chamber during inhalation, the entire volume of inhalation fluid moves into the aerosol chamber. Air is bubbled through almost the entire cross-section of the chamber, while it is mixed, crushed, sprayed and sprayed the entire volume of liquid. In addition, a small bottom gap creates a preliminary saturation of the aerosol moving with a high speed of air. Thus, the efficiency of saturation of air with an inhaled substance is increased. In addition, the device allows breathing through the liquid in both inhalation-exhalation strokes and, due to return breathing, to increase, · when installing an additional external vessel, the carbon dioxide content in the inhaled air. Thus, the proposed inhaler can be used not only for the administration of drugs / but also for breathing training with simultaneously increased resistance to inspiration and expiration and a high content of carbon dioxide.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the inhaler; FIG. 2 - a variant of its use as a simulator,

The inhaler is made as follows. An aerosol chamber 2 is coaxially mounted inside the outer vessel 1 (Fig. 1). A nozzle 3 is installed at the lower end of the chamber 2, forming a removable bottom of the chamber 2. The aerosol chamber 2 is installed with a gap relative to the bottom of the outer vessel 1, for which the nozzle 3 is made with a protrusion

4, fixing the size of the gap. Openings are made in the bottom of the aerosol chamber

5, the density of which is provided to provide an additional outer vessel 11 with a lid 12 through which the breathing tube 6 is removed. This additional vessel 11 may be a standard glass jar. 5

When breathing in this case, the processes are similar. Only the air path to the inhaler and back is through the vessel 11 and the hole in the lid 12. Due to the return breath in the vessel 11 and, accordingly, in the inhaled mixture, there is an increase in carbon dioxide content and a decrease in oxygen concentration, which gives a positive effect.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed inhaler with excessive simplicity of design provides a higher degree of saturation of the air with an inhaled substance, which increases the therapeutic effect, and has wider functionality - can be used as a simulator.

According to the results of tests in II MOGMI named after N.I. Pirogov, it is recommended to use an inhaler in the mode of inhalation, in the mode of breathing resistance on inhalation and exhalation, in the breathing mode under conditions of hypercapnia and moderate hypoxia. Therefore, the inhaler can be widely used 15 for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, as well as as a sports simulator.

Claims (5)

Claim 1. The inhaler containing a sealed vessel with an opening for inhaling air, a coaxially mounted inside of it a cylindrical aerosol chamber with holes for spraying at the lower end and a breathing tube connected to the chamber, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of saturation of the inhaled air with a medicinal substance and implementation breathing exercises, the aerosol chamber is made with a bottom in which the holes for spraying are located, and placed with a gap relative to the bottom of the vessel. 2. The inhaler according to claim 1, with the fact that in the central part of the bottom of the aerosol chamber a non-perforated portion is made, the radius of which is 0.2-0.4 of the radius of the bottom of the chamber. 3. The inhaler according to paragraphs. 1 and 2. The reason is that the holes in the bottom of the chamber are located with a variable density, while in the peripheral section, their density increases, and in the adjacent section it decreases towards the center. 4. Inhaler according to paragraphs. 13. characterized in that a narrowing is made in the upper part of the aerosol chamber. 5. Inhaler according to paragraphs. 1 to 4, distinguished by the fact that it is equipped with an additional container covering the inhaler vessel and having an opening in which the breathing tube is placed with a gap. on the one hand, the aerosol formation process is more efficient, and on the other hand, it is advisable to increase the probability of liquid droplets getting into the respiratory tract, first away from the periphery, and then gradually reduce it to the center, while leaving the central part of the bottom unperforated. Studies have shown that to prevent droplets from entering the respiratory tract, the size of this central region is described by a radius of 0.2-0.4 of the radius of the bottom of chamber 2. For example, 200 small-sized openings are located on equal-sized annular sections with a sequential increase; and then a decrease of 60,100,40 from the periphery to the center, and the central non-perforated circle has 0.3 of the radius of the bottom of the chamber. The return of droplets of inhalable substance is facilitated by the implementation of the upper part of the aerosol chamber 2 tapering to the installation site of the breathing tube 6. The breathing tube 6 is tightly mounted on the open upper end of the chamber 2. The outer vessel 1 is overclosed with a cover 7 with a hole 8 for communication with the atmosphere. An inhalation liquid 9 is poured into the vessel 1, the position of the chamber 2 is fixed by the ribs 10. An annular channel is formed between the walls of the vessel 1 and the aerosol chamber 2, in which the liquid and gas medium circulate. The size and number of holes 5, the gap between the bottom of the chamber 2 and the vessel 1 are set in order to ensure high atomization properties of the device and its optimal breathing resistance. For example, there may be a number of holes 40-200, with a cross section of each 0.2-4 mm ² , the size of the bottom gap is 0.3-2 mm. The size and number of holes, the size of the gap are determining during the operation of the device. In order to exclude the influence of other factors on these processes, the hole 8 in the lid 7, the channel between the walls of the chamber 2 and the vessel 1, the chamber 2 and the breathing tube 6 are made with sections of at least the total area of the bottom holes 3. Considering that mainly air circulates through these channels their hydrodynamic resistance in the working device at the indicated cross sections will be an order of magnitude lower than in the zone of the bottom gap and the bottom openings of the chamber 2. The inhaler works as follows. When inhaling, the inhalation liquid 9. is sucked into the aerosol chamber 2 through the bottom gap and openings 5 of the bottom nozzle 3, and air flows after the liquid. Having passed under the holes 5 of the nozzle 3, air sparges through the liquid under the suction discharge, 5 carries liquid upward, creating a boiling state in the entire liquid volume with numerous foci of spraying and spraying. With the above variable density of the arrangement of 10 holes 5, the atomization ability of the device improves. This is achieved by increasing the average speed of air passing through the bottom gap, as well as by intensifying the air-liquid15 exchange note in the entire volume of the aerosol chamber 2, amplified by the vortex of the flow, since the energy of the air moving upward is more spent on spraying the liquid rather than 20 on the friction of air and moving fluid in the near-wall areas of the chamber. Uniform filling of the entire volume of the aerosol chamber with a liquid-air mixture is achieved mainly due to the air rising through the holes 5 of the nozzle 3, and in the center due to the jet action of the stream sucked through the breathing tube. The aerosol-air mixture rises upward, with a decrease and equalization of velocities in the flow along the chamber cross section and the precipitation of large drops of liquid in it. Through the breathing tube 6, the inhalation stream flows to the patient. In the breathing tube 6, which has a much smaller cross section compared to the aerosol chamber 2, the flow rate increases many times, which contributes to the deposition in the bending cavity 4Q of the tube and in the narrowing region of the chamber 2 of small font fluid 9, which is returned through the walls of the chamber 2 back to the inhaler. When you exhale, the air mixture through the breathing tube 6 enters the aerosol chamber 2 45, pushes out through the holes 5 of the bottom nozzle 3 and the bottom gap the liquid into the space between the chamber 2 and the vessel 1 and sparges through the layer of the expelled liquid, leaving 50 through the hole 8 in the cover 7 . Thus, breathing is carried out with rarefaction on inhalation and resistance on exhalation. Inhalation, the effect of formation of an aerosol-vapor-air mixture necessary for inhalation 55 is manifested, moreover, with a high degree of saturation of the air with an inhaled substance. The embodiment of FIG. 2 differs from the described example in that there is a second, before 1790417